BIOLOGY UNIT 1 EXAM REVISION BOOKLET

1. State the cell theory: a) _______________________________________________

_________________b) _______________________________________________
_________________c) _______________________________________________
2. What are prokaryotes? _______________________________________________
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3. What are eukaryotes? ________________________________________________
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4. Order these organisms into either prokaryotes or eukaryotes and from there, into
the five kingdoms:

- Amoeba - Sea - Peach

- Fern cucumber - Ape
- Jellyfish - Gum tree - Mandarin
- Labrador - Hydrangea - Spinach
- Human - Bee - Wolf
- Coral - Fly - Dragonfly
- Seaweed - Octopus

5. Plant cells and animal cells:

Plant Cell
1. ________________________________ 9. ________________________________
2. ________________________________ 10. _______________________________
3. ________________________________ 11. _______________________________
4. ________________________________ 12. _______________________________
5. ________________________________ 13. _______________________________
6. ________________________________
7. ________________________________
8. ________________________________
Animal Cell
1. ________________________________ 8. ________________________________
2. ________________________________ 9. ________________________________
3. ________________________________ 10. _______________________________
4. ________________________________ 11. _______________________________
5. ________________________________ 12. _______________________________
6. ________________________________ 13. _______________________________
7. ________________________________
6. What is the difference between plant and animal cells? ____________________________
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7. Cell organelles:
Organelle Function
Cell wall
Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Nuclear envelope

DNA

Nucleolus

Cytoskeleton

Centrioles

Mitochondrion

Endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum (RER)

Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum (SER)

Endomembrane
system

Ribosomes

Golgi bodies

Lysosomes

Cilia and flagella

Vacuoles
 Contractive
vacuole

Chloroplasts

8. Organic molecules: a) define the term ‘organic molecules’ __________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
b) Complete this table:
Elements Name of a Name of a Function of the
composed of: monomer: polymer: polymer:
Nucleic acids

Proteins

Carbohydrates

Lipids

9. Label this light microscope:

10. a) Identify if these images are either from a light microscope or an electron microscope:
i) ii)

iii) iv)
b) What is the difference between an electron and light microscope? ____________________
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11. a) What is mitosis? ________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
b) Complete this flowchart relating to mitosis:

Interphase:
Prophase:

Cytokenesis: Metaphase:

Telophase: Anaphase:

12. Plasma membranes: a) Explain the purpose of the fluid mosaic model: _______________
___________________________________________________________________________
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b) What are the main components of the plasma membrane? Label and explain them: ______
___________________________________________________________________________
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13. Define the term ‘apoptosis’: _________________________________________________
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14. What are the products of anaerobic respiration? _________________________________
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15. a) What is the equation for cellular respiration? _________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
b) Define the term ‘cellular respiration’: __________________________________________
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16. Define the term ‘gas exchange’: ______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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17. a) Complete this table about arteries, veins and capillaries:
Blood Vessel Function
Arteries

Veins

Capillaries

b) How can you tell the difference between arteries and veins? ________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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18. a) What is an open circulatory system? ________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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b) What is a closed circulatory system? ___________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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c) Label these animals to have either an open or closed circulatory system:
- Cicada: _____________ - Persian cat: __________ - Possum: ____________
- Barramundi: _________ - Fly: ________________ - Ant: _______________
- Human: _____________ - Bee: _______________ - Cow: _______________
19. a) What process does air go through the body (remember to state the organs in order)?
___________________________________________________________________________
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b) What organs does the human respiratory system involve? __________________________
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c) What organs does the insectary respiratory system have? ___________________________
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20. What is the role of respiratory pigments? ______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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21. Nitrogenous wastes:
Types of What they are Organisms that Where they live
Nitrogenous wastes: produced from? produce each
Ammonia

Urea

Uric acid

22. Define the types of asexual reproduction: ______________________________________

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23. a) What are the benefits of asexual reproduction? ________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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b) What are the benefits of sexual reproduction? ____________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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24. What are the key differences between mitosis and meiosis? ________________________
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25. What is in the classification hierarchy? E.g. kingdom, phylum, class, order etc. ________
___________________________________________________________________________
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26. a) How do you read a dichotomous key? _______________________________________
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b) Complete this dichotomous key on the types of animals:

Dichotomous Key on Norns

Norns belong to the genus Norno and can be divided into eight species that
are generally located in specific regions of the world. Use the dichotomos key
to identify the norns below. Write their complete scientific name (genus +
species) in the blank.

1. Has pointed ears .................................... go to 3 

....Has rounded ears ....................................go to 2
2. Has no tail ............................................. Kentuckyus 
....Has tail .................................................. Dakotus

3. Ears point upward .................................... go to 5 

....Ears point downward ................................go to 4

4. Engages in waving behaviour ............................. Dallus 

....Has hairy tufts on ears ..........................................Californius

5. Engages in waving behaviour ............................. WalaWala 

....Does not engage in waving behaviour....................go to 6

6. Has hair on head ............................................. Beverlus 

....Has no hair on head (may have ear tufts) ........go to 7
7. Has a tail ............................................. Yorkio 
....Has no tail, aggressive .........................Rajus

A______________________ B_____________________ C____________________

D_______________________ E______________________ F_____________________

G_____________________ H_______________________

27. a) What is the independent variable? __________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
b) What is the dependent variable? ______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c) What are possible errors in studies? ____________________________________________
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d) What are controlled variables? ________________________________________________
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28. a) What are enzymes? ______________________________________________________
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b) What is the main function of enzymes? _________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c) What is the active site? ______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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d) What occurs with denaturation? _______________________________________________
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29. a) What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? _____________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
b) Which organelles are involved in photosynthesis? List the organelle and the function: ____
___________________________________________________________________________
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c) What are some factors affecting photosynthesis? _________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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30. a) Define the term, mitosis: _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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b) What is the reason for mitosis in cells? _________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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c) Complete this table on mitosis:
Phase What happens? Drawing
Interphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Interphase

31. a) What is the difference between herbivorous and carnivorous digestive systems?
Complete this table:
Herbivores Carnivores
b) Label these parts of the digestive system:
1. ________________________________
2. ________________________________
3. ________________________________
4. ________________________________
5. ________________________________
6. ________________________________
7. ________________________________
8. ________________________________
9. ________________________________
10. _______________________________
11. _______________________________
12. _______________________________
13. _______________________________ 15. _______________________________
14. _______________________________ 16. _______________________________
c) Complete this table to show the difference between foregut and hindgut fermenters:
Foregut fermenter Hindgut fermenter
Description

Drawing

d) Complete this table and label the different of teeth in animals and describe their purpose:
Tooth What is it? Function
e) Define the term, peristalsis: __________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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f) What is the purpose of digestion? ______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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g) Complete this table on mechanical and chemical digestion:
Mechanical digestion Chemical digestion

32. a) What is the difference between animal and insect respiratory systems? Complete this
table:
Animal respiratory system Insect respiratory system
b) Label these parts of the respiratory system:

1. ________________________________ 10. _______________________________

2. ________________________________ 11. _______________________________
3. ________________________________ 12. _______________________________
4. ________________________________ 13. _______________________________
5. ________________________________ 14. _______________________________
6. ________________________________ 15. _______________________________
7. ________________________________ 16. _______________________________
8. ________________________________ 17. _______________________________
9. ________________________________
c) Define the term, diffusion: ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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d) What are the effects of carbon monoxide poisoning? ______________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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33. a) Describe the ways to asexually reproduce, complete this table:
 Asexual reproduction Description
Fission

Budding

Fragmentation

Spore formation

Vegetative reproduction

Parthenogenesis

b) What type of cell division is involved in asexual reproduction? ______________________

c) Complete this table on the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction:
Advantages Disadvantages
34. a) How do organisms sexually reproduce? ______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
b) What type of cell division is involved in sexual reproduction? _______________________
c) Complete this table on the advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction:
Advantages Disadvantages

d) Label the parts of a flower on this diagram:

1a. 5.
_________________________________ __________________________________
1b. 6a.
_________________________________ _________________________________
2. _________________________________ 6b.
_________________________________
3. _________________________________ 6c.
_________________________________
4.
__________________________________

Internal fertilisation External fertilisation

e) Complete this table comparing internal and external fertilization:

 f) What is the correlation between fertilization and the level of parental care? ____________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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35. a) Complete the table comparing the different types of nitrogenous waste:
What is it? Animal of origin e.g Environment of origin
Ammonia

Urea

Uric acid

b) Why must nitrogenous waste be removed from the body? __________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c) Fill in this diagram of the kidney structure:
d) Describe the loop of henle and draw a picture of it: _______________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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36. a) What is the difference between genus and species? _____________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
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b) What are common name problems with genus and species? _________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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c) Explain why we need to identify species: _______________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________
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d) i) What are two methods of determining species? 1. _______________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________
ii) Make your own dichotomous key in the space provided below (don’t forget to draw
pictures).