Maung Thar Noe - English Poems

www.burmeseclassic.
com
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www.burmeseclassic.com
Nationality
I have grown past hate and bitterness
I see the world as one
Yet though I can no longer hate
My son is still my son
All men at God’s round table sit
And all men must be fed
But this loaf in my hand
This loaf is my son’s bread.
vlrsKd;
r*¾Zif;wcsKdUrSm uRefawmfwdkU&JU taemufwdkif;uAsm rdwfqufpmrsm;udkzwfNyD;

rdwfaqG tcsKdUu t*Fvdyfrl&if;yg xnfhay;prf;ygvdkU ajymavh&SdMuw,f/
uRefawmf[m t*Fvdyfvdk wpfckwnf;u vkyfaew,fqdk&ifawmh olwkdUajymovdk
[kwfwmyav/ 'gayr,fh uRefawmfu jyifopf? *syef? &k&S? pydef? tDwmvsH
pwmawGudkyg vkyfaewmjzpfavawmh b,fvdkvkyf rl&if;xnfhrvJ/
uRefawmftultnD,lwJU t*Fvdyfbmomjyefrsm;uvnf; wpfrlwnf;r[kwf?
okH;av;rluae ,laewmjzpfw,f/ ckawmht*FvdyfuAsmcsnf;yJ wifqufrSmrdkU
rl&if;xnfhay;yghr,f/
yxrqkH;uAsm&JU toHpepfudk MunfhMu&atmif/ t*FvdyfuAsmqdkwm
*&koH(wjcm; tu©&mawGxuf cyfus,fus,f &Gwf&wJUtoH) (stressed
Syllable) eJU v[koH (omrefum vQHum azmhNyD;&Gwf&wJU tu©&mtoH)
(unstressed syllable) wdkUudk trsKd;rsKd;tvS,fvS,f wGJNyD; &pforfazmfusL;um
a&;zJGU&wm jzpfw,f/ a&S;uAsmrsm;rSmawmh 'D*&kv[k (0g) v[k -*&k twGJ[m

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ckacwfrSmawmh tJovdkuGufwd r[kwfawmhbJ pum;ajymovdk &pforfazmf

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usL;Muawmhw,f/ ckay;xm;wJU uAsm[m a&S;&dk;rMwmpepfudk vdkufxm;ayr,fh
vkH;0 woa0rwdrf; awmh r[kwfbl;/ enf;enf;avsmh&Jxm;wmudk awGU&vdrfhr,f/
olokH;xm;wJU rMwmu v[k-*&kESpftu©&mudk wpf*dkP;f ,lwJU Iambus

(t*Fvdyf vdk toHxGufvQif tdkif,Jrfabmhpf? jrefrmrIjyKvQif £,rÁ)
*dkPf;jzpfw,f/ wpfyg'rSmygwJU *dkPf;awGudk rsOf;jcm;jy&vQif-
I see. / the world / as one
v * v * v *
'Dyg'rSm okH;*dkPf;ygaewm awGU&r,f/ wwd,yg'udk MunfhvQifawmh
..... Yet though/I can/no long/er see &,fvdkUav;*dkPf; (tu©&SpfvkH;)
ygaewmawGU&vdrfhr,f/ 'gayr,fh yxryg'udk jyefMunfhvQif.... I have
grown/past hate/and bit/terness &,fvdkUtu©&mudk;vkH;jzpfaewm

awGU&r,f/ 'DtcgrSm wwd,yg'udkaxmufNyD; tu©&m wpfvkH; ydkxm;wmvdkU
uAsmzwfolu odwwfw,f/ tvm;wl owåryg'usjyefawmh tu©&mESpfvkH;
avsmhaewm em;vnf&r,f/
tJ'gaMumifh olUuAsmudkzwfvQif a&S;uAsm&Gwfenf;twdkif; zwfvdkUr&bJ
pum;ajym&pforfeJUom &Gwf&vdrfhr,fvdkUvJ odxm;&r,f/ Oyrm-yxryg'[m
ness udk*&koHeJU &Gwfp&mrvdk? wwd,yg'u can udkvJ *&koHay;p&mrvdk

pojzifh/
uAsmudkum&efeJU a&;xm;w,f/ 'kwd,yg'eJU pwkw¦yg' (one eY J son)?
qXryg'eJU tXryg'(fed eJU bread) um&efnDMuw,f/ 'Dum&ef,lenf;ud k abcd
pepfvdkU oauFwjy&w,f/
t"dyÜm,fudk Munfh&atmif/ acgif;pOfu Nationality wJU/ ]vlrsKd;} vdkU
tMurf;zsOf; jrefrmvdkajym&rSmyJ/ 'Dacgif;pOf[m uAsmwpfyk'fvkH;&JU qdkvdkcsuf

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twGuf ta&;BuD;aMumif; owdjyKygav/

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I have grown past hate and bitterness. ig[m trkef;wkdU?
emusnf;pdwfwdkUudk ausmfvGefum BuD;&ifhvmcJUNyDwJU/ bitterness [m hate eJU
t"dyÜm,fwl pum;vkH;vdkU ,lqvJ &ygw,f/ av;eufatmif wJGokH;w,faygh/
'grSr[kw f hate urkef;wm? bitterness urw&m;rIwpfckaMumifh emusnf;aewm
vdkU ,lqEdkifygw,f/ bmudkrkef;wmvJ/ acgif;pOfu Nationality vdkU
trnfay; xm;avawmh vlrsKd;a&;t&rkef;wm? vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;tay:

emusnf;aewmvdkU aumuf&ayvdrfhr,f/ t&ifwkef;uawmh olUrSm 'Dvdk vlrsKd;csif;
rkef;wD;pdwf awG&SdcJUayr,fhvJ ckawmhtoufBuD;vmNyDrdkU i,fi,fwkef;uvdk csr,f?
wdkufr,f qdkwmrsKd;awG r&Sdawmhygbl;/ pdwf"mwf aysmhaysmif;vmNyD/
&ifhusufvmNyDvdkU qdkvdkw,f/
I see the world as one urÇmBuD;udk wpfckwnf;vdkUyJ jrifygw,fwJU/
urÇmay: &Sd vlrsKd;toD;oD;[m twlwlyJaygh/ nDtpfudkawGcsnf;yJaygh/
Yet 'gayr,fhvdkU-wJU/
though I can no longer hate ighrSm trkef;w&m; (vlrsKd;a&;rkef;wD;pdwf)
r&Sdawmhr,fvJ-wJU/ (t*FvdyfvdkrSmu hate ud k verb vdkokH;xm;wm?

twdtusqdk vQif ]igrrkef;awmhayr,fh} jzpfr,f/ jrefrmvdk raumif;bl;/ 'gaMumifh
jyifa&;vdkuf&w,f/)
My son is still my son ighom;[m ighom;ygyJwJU/
All men at God’s round table sit vltm;vkH;[m a'0

(xm0&bk&m;vnf; ac:Mu&JU) &JU pm;yGJ0dkif;rSm xdkifaeMuw,fwJU/ pm;yGJ0dkif;qdkwm
a&S;a&S;u t*Fvdyfbk&ifBuD; tmom xGifcJUwmy/ olU ol&Jaumif;awGudk
tqifhtwef; rcJGjcm;apbJ wpfwef;wpfpm; wnf;xdkifMu&apzdkU pm;yGJ0dkif;udk
tmombk&if xGifcJUw,fvdkU qdkw,f/ ckacwfrSmvJ ]pm;yJG 0dkif;nDvmcH}pojzifh
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okH;Muw,f/ zefqif;&Sif a'0&JU a&SUawmfarSmufrSm vltm;vkH; twlwlygvdkU

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And all men must be fed vltm;vkH;udk tpmauR;&vdrfhr,fwJU/

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vlcsif;twlwlyJrdkU pm;awmhvJ twlwla0pm;rQpm; jyK&vdrfhr,fvdkUqdkvdkwm
jzpf w,f/
But this loaf in my hand 'gayr,fh ighvufxJu 'DaygifrkefU[m This
loaf is my son’s bread 'DaygifrkefU[m ighom;pm;p&myJjzpfw,fwJU/
tck tJovdk yg'vdkufombmjyefxm;wmudk olUrl&if; t*FvdyfeJU ykHpH

wlEdkifoa&GU wlatmif uAsmjyK&vQif-
vlrsKd;
trkef; a'go ig vGefcJUNyD/

urÇmwpfckwnf; jrif&JU/
'gayr,fh? igrrkef;awmhayr,fh
ighom;[m ighom;uG,f/
vltm;vkH; ewfpm;yGJ0dkif;rSmxdkif?
vltm;vkH; auGs;&vdrfh?
ighvufxJu rkefUuawmh?
ighom;yJ pm;&vdrfh/
uAsmrSm teuft"dyÜm,f[m ESpfrsKd;&Sdwwfw,f/ tay:,Ht"dyÜm,feJU

twGif;om; t"dyÜm,f/ tck uAsm&JU tay:,H t"dyÜm,fudk od&NyD;wJUaemuf
twGif;om;t"dyÜm,f[m rcJ,Of;vSawmhygbl;/ olUom;vdkUolajymaewm[m
olUvlrsKd;? olUwdkif;jynfudk qdkvdkwmjzpf aMumif; vG,fvG,feJUyJ odEdkifygvdrfhr,f/
'Dawmh uAsmq&majymcsifwJU oabmu ol[m i,fpOfuvdk vlrsKd;a&;
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cspfcspfcifcif oifhoifhjrwfjrwf aeMu&r,fqdkwmudk oabm aygufodjrifvmygNyD/

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'gayr,fh vufawGUta&;BuKHvmvQifawmh rdrdvlrsKd;udkyJ OD;pm;ay; &vdrfhr,f/
rdrdvlrsKd;aumif;pm;a&;? rdrdwdkif;jynfBuD;yGm;a&;udkyJ tm;xkwf&r,fvdkU jzpfw,f/
'gjzifh uAsmuajymaewJU ]ig}qdkwm b,folvJvdkU wpfqifhwufNyD; pOf;pm;
Mu&atmif/ uAsm&JU ]ig}[m uAsmq&mwpfOD;wnf;r[kwfwmudk od&r,f/
cifAsm;? uRefawmf? tm;vkH; jzpfEdkifwmcsnf;ygyJ/ 'gayr,fh olUuAsm&JU acgif;pOfudk
axmufcsifhvdkufawmh cifAsm; uRefawmfyk*¾vduqdkwmxuf urÇmhtwdkif;twmeJU
ajymcsifwmygvm;vdkU &dyfpm; rdEdkifw,f/ urÇmt
h jzpftysufawGudk pdwf0ifpm;
avhvmaeol jzpfcJUvQif uAsmq&majym wJU ]ig}[m urÇmE
h dkifiHBuD;awGudk
ajymwmvdkU em;vnf oabmaygufEdkifygvdrfhr,f/ twdwf urÇmordkif;udkyJ
MunfhMunfh? ypöu©urÇma
h &;&mawGudkyJ avhvmavhvm? urÇmE
h dkif iHBuD;wcsKdU[m
olwkdUudk,folwdkU urÇmE
h dkifiHi,fav;awG&JU u,fwif&SifBuD;? ulnDtm;ay; olBuD;?
r[mrdwfBuD;&,fvdkU w,fvkyfcsifMuwmudk;/ b,ftrsKd;om;awG&JU vGwfajrmufa&;
udk uRefawmfwkdUuaxmufcHtm;ay;ygw,f/ b,fwdkif;jynfawG&JU zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;
udkulnDygw,f/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;? trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;? 'Drdkua&pDa&; bmnm
pojzifh w,f tmaygiftm&if; oefMuoudk;/ 'gawG[mwu,fyJvm;/ w,fhudk
trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;? 'Drdkua&pDa&;zHGYNzdK;a&;awGrSm apwemoefUoefUeJU
ulnDrSmwJUvm;? rulnDygbl;/ olwkdUwdkif;jynf olwkdUvlrsKd;&JU tusKd;pD;yGm;udkom
olwkdUvkyfMurSmyg/ vkyfaeMuwmyg/ olwkdUEdkifiHBuD;awG ajrSmufay;orQ yg;pyfeJU
ulnDorQ t[kwfrSwfvQif rSm;vdrfhr,fvdkU uAsmq&mu owday;aewm
jzpfygaMumif;/
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6
PEOPLE WHO MUST
I painted on the roof of a skyscraper.
I painted a long while and called it a day's work,
The people on a corner swarmed and the traffic cop's
whistle never let up all afternoon.
They were the same as bugs, many bugs on their way
Those people on the go or at a standstill,
And the traffic cop a spot of blue, a splinter of brass,
Where the black tides ran around him.
And he kept the street. I painted a long while.
And called it a day's work.
Carl Sandburg
rem;raeb0
'DvdkuAsmrsKd;udk vGwfvyfuAsm (vers libre) vdkU ac:w,f/ a&S;&dk;uAsmvdk

rMwmpepfudk rokH;bJ pum;ajym &pforfudk okH;wJU uAsmrsKd;? yg'ta&twGuf
yg'wpfck rSmygwJU tu©&mta&twGufwdkUrSm wdwdususowfrSwfcsufr&SdwJU
uAsmrsKd;ygyJ/ BudKuf&m yg'wpfckudk ,lMunfhygav/ v[k*&k? v[k*&k? odkUr[kwf
*&kv[k? *&kv[k qdkwJU wpfajy;nDnD owfrSwfpDpOfxm;wm r&Sdawmhygbl;/
yg'trSwf 1 udkMunfh&atmif/ *&koH xm;&r,fh ae&mawGudk pmvkH;apmif;eJU
jyvdkufr,f/
I paint/ed on/the roof/of ad sky/scraper ESpfvkH;wpfwJG
ESpfvkH;wpfwJG oGm;rSmvkdvdkeJU roGm;bJjzpfaewmudk awGU&vdrfhr,f/ 'g
om
pum;ajymykHpHygyJ/ 'gayr,fh a,bk,sawmhedrfhjrifhoHnDvkeD; jzpfaewmudk

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uJ-tck t"dyÜm,fudk MunfhMu&atmif/

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acgif;pOfu Peopple Who Must wJU/ must qdkwm Bud,maxmufrQ
jzpfw,f/ aemufu Bud,mjynfhwpfvkH; jznfhvsuf yg&r,f/ must go, must
work ponfjzifh/ tck rygbl;/ wrifwdkUvdkUwef;vef;vkyfxm;w,f/ pmzwfolu
udk,fxnfhcsif&m Bud,m wpfckckxnfhNyD; cHpm;Munfh&kHyJ/ oGm;&vm&

tvkyfvkyf&wmudk t"DyÜm,fxGufwJUpum;vkH; wpfckckom jzpfEdkifw,fqdkwmudk
oabmaygufEdkifw,f/ olUuAsmpmom;udk tptqkH; zwfMunfhvdkufawmhrS
t&om&SdvdkufwJU acgif;pOfuav;qdkwmudk oabmaygufvmvdrfh r,f/
I painted on the roof of a skyscraper ig rdk;xdwdkufBuD;acgif;rdk;ay:rSm
yef;csDqGJaew,fwJU/ wu,faq;eJU ydwfum;eJUyef;csDqGJwmvJ jzpfEdkifw,f/

uAsmq&mu pum;vkH;awGeJU yef;csDjc,faewmvJ jzpfEdkifw,f/ BudKufovdk
,lqygav/
I painted a long while tMumBuD;qGJwmwJU/
and called it a day's work awmfavmufNyD/

em;OD;r,fvdkUatmufarhrdowJU/ t*Fvdyfpum;rSm idiom &Sdwmu call it a day
yg/ tvkyfvkyfwm awmfavmufNyDvdkU t"dyÜm,fxGufw,f/ 'gudkyJwdk;csJUNyD;
uAsmq&mu called it a day's work vdkUa&;vdkuf wmyg/
the people on a corner swarme axmifhwpfaxmifhrSm vlawGpkNyKHtkHzGJU
aeawmhw,fwJU/
and the traffic cop's whistle never let up all afternoon
,mOfxdef;&Jom;&JU 0D0DoH[m wpfnaevkH; &yfw,fudkr&Sdawmhbl;wJU/
They were the same as bugs, many bugs on their way olwkdU[m
ydk;rTm;awG? csDwufvmaeMuwJU ydk;rTm;tajrmuftjrm;eJU twlwlygyJwJU/ 'Dae&mrSm

t*Fvdyfpum;csif; wlayr,fh NAdwdoQeJUtar&duef tokH;tEIef;rwlnDwmudk
om
owdjyKyg av/ NAdwdoQt*Fvdyfpum;rSm bug qdkwmuMurf;ydk;vdknpfwD;npfywf

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rSeforQvdkvdkudk ac:w,f/ um;vfqJef;'bwfu tar&duefpmqdkqdkawmh ydk;rTm;vdkU
em;vnf&r,f/
Those people on the go or at a standstill oGm;vmvIyf&Sm;aewJU?
Nidrf&yfaewJU 'DvlawGwJU? 'Dyg'[m txufu yg'eJUaygif;NyD;rS wpf0gusjzpfw,f/
They were the same uae standstill txd ESpfyg' aygif;vdkufawmhrS

]oGm;vmaewJU &yfaewJU 'DvlawG[m ydk;rTm;awGeJUtwlwlygyJ}vdkU jzpfoGm;w,f/
And the traffic cop a spot of blue, a splinter of brass
,mOfxdef;&Jom;BuD;[m tjympufwpfpuf? aMu;0gtydkif;tpwpfprQomwJU/ uAsm
q&m[m rdk;xdwdkufBuD; acgifrdk;ay:uqdkwmudk owdjyKygav/ tjyma&mif
,leDazmif;eJU &Jom;BuD;udk tjympufwpfpufyJ jrif&awmhwmaygh/ olUMu,foD;?
cg;ywfacgif; ponfu aMu;0g? 'gaMumifh aMu;0gtydkif;tpvdkUzGJUw,f/ jrefrmvdkrSm
awmh ]tydkfif;tp} qdkwJU pum;vkH;u tm;aysmhaew,f/ splinter qdkwmu

ckwfvdkufcGJvdkufvkdUyJUxGufvmwJU cRefcReftydkif;tpudk ajymwm/ bmomjyef[m
rl&if;udk vdkufrrDawmhbl;/
Where the black tides ran around him.
And he kept the street 'Da&teufawGu olUywfvnfrSm
pD;qif;oGm;&m olu vrf;rBuD;udk xdef;odrf;ae&mrSmwJU/ 'DESpfyg'udktxufyg' (
And the traffic cop pwJUyg')eJU aygif;vdkufygav/ 0gusjynfhpkHoGm;vdrfhr,f/
'Da&teufawG olU0ef;usif rSmpD;qif;oGm;&mvr;fudk olxdef;ae&mrSm &JBuD;[m

tjympufwpfpuf rQom ...vdkU jzpfoGm; vdrfhr,f/ vlawGudk
]'Da&teuf}vdkUokH;xm;wJUedrdwfykH&JU xdrdoGm;ykHudk qifjcifygav/
I painted a long while/And called it a day's work igtMumBuD;
yef;csDqGJ aecJUwm? awmfavmufNyD? em;OD;r,fwJU/

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a&TNrdKUawmfrSm vlawGpnfum;aeykHudk zGJUxm;wmyJvdkUqdk&kH&SdwmyJaygh/ 'gayr,fh

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olUacgif;pOfwyfxm;ykH&,f called it aday's work vdkU ESpfcgxyfausmhykH&,fudk

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xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;Munfhvdkufr,fqdk vQifawmh vlpnfum;wm? ysm;yef;cwfrQ
oGm;vmvIyf&Sm;ae&wmrQudk o&kyfazmfwmxuf ydkaeaMumif;odvmvdrfhr,f/
I painted a long while and called it a day's work...
iguomtMumBuD; yef;csDqGJcJUNyDyJ? wpfaeUwmtvkyf awmfavmufNyD? &yfOD;rS

jzpfr,fvdkU qdkaew,f/ wu,fuawmh awmfvdkUr&yguvm;/ &yfvdkU r&yguvm;/
qufvufoGm;ae &OD;rSm/ vIyf&Sm;ae&OD;rSmygvm;/ b0qdkwm'Dvdktqwfrjywf
oGm;vmvIyf&Sm; aewmyg uvm;qdkwJU todudk wpdrfhpdrfhtaMumxJ tcsOfxJ
cHpm;vm&w,f/ 'Doabmudk acgif;pOf People Who Must ujyaew,f/

]raerem; wpfoGm;wnf; oGm;&wm}qdkwJU b0oHo&m oDcsif;pmom;eJU qifw,f/
xyfwlawmhr[kwfbl;/ b0oHo&mu oHo&mudk ajymwm/ qJef'bwfuawmh
ckb0udkyJ ]raerem; wpfoGm;wnf;oGm;} ae&wmygwJU/
-&r,fhvlawG
ig rdk;xdwdkufBuD; acgifrdk;ay: yef;csDqGJw,f/
ig tMumBuD; qGJNyD; awmfavmufNyD qkH;jzwfcJU/
axmifhwpfaxmifhrSm vlawG tkHzGJU? ,mOfxdef;&J&JU 0DpDoH wpfnaevkH;
rpJawmhbl;/
ydk;rTm;awGeJU twlwlygyJ? csDwufvmaewJU ydk;rTm;awG-
tJ'D oGm;vmae? Nidrf&yfaewJU vlawG/
,mOfxdef;&JU tjymwpfpuf? aMu;0gtpwpfp/
'Da&teufa&mif olUywfvnf pD;qif;ae
ol vrf;rBuD;udk xdef;? ig tMumBuD; yef;csDqGJ?
NyD; awmfavmufNyD qkH;jzwfcJUw,f/
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10
TREE AT MY WINDOW
Tree at my window, window tree,
My sash is lowered when night comes on;
But let there never be curtain drawn
Between you and me.
Vague dreamhead lifted out of the ground.
And thing next most diffuse to cloud,
not all your light tongues talking aloud
Could be profound.
But tree, I have seen you taken and tossed,
And if you have seen me when I slept.
You have seen me when I was taken and swept
And all but lost.
That day she put our heads together,
Fate had her imagination about her,
Your head so much concerned with outer,
Mine with inner, weather.
Robert Frost
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ighjywif;aygufu opfyif
Tree at my window, window tree ighjywif;aygufu opfyif?

jywif;yifiJU/ opfyifudkyJ vlozG,f ac:a0:vdkufwJU tmvkyfpum;/
My sash is lowered when night comes on na&mufvmvQif
(jywif;ayguf) em;ywfwef;udk atmufqJGcsvdkuf&w,f/

vQif (jywif;ayguf)em;ywfwef;udk atmufqGJcsvdkuf&w,f/
But let ...... me 'gayr,fh rif;eJUigMum; uefUvefUum rjcm;ygapeJUwJU/
rif;eJUig b0wlawGyJvdkU qdkvdkw,f/

Vague .... Ground ajrBuD;xJu ajrmufwufvmwJU 0dk;w0g; tdyfruf
acgif;iHU ..... opfyifudk ac:vdkufwmvdkU od&r,f/ opfyifudkyJ owå0gvdk

tdyfrufrufwwf? awG;wwf av[efwifpm;a&;xm;w,f/
And thing.....cloud wdrfqDudk tysHUESHUqkH;t&miJUwJU/ 'gvJopfyifudk
ajymaewmygyJ/ opfyifBuD;u tmumoxJ rdk;rdk;rwfrwfysHUESHUae[ef? pum;qdkae
[efjzpfaewmudk o&kyfazmfxm;wmyg/
Not all....profound us,fus,favmifavmif pum;qdkaeMuwJU

rif;&JUayghyg; wJU vQmtm;vkH;[m eufeJEdkifr,f r[kwfbl;/ opf&GufvIyf&Sm;oHudk
opf&Gufrsm; pum;ajym[efeJU EIdif;,SOfwifpm;a&;Muwm awGUzl;rSmaygh/ ckvJ
tJ'gudkyJ wpfrsKd;zJGUwmygyJ/
But tree, I have seen you taken and tossed 'gayr,fh opfyif &,f?
rifhudk qkyfudkifa0SU,rf;Muwm igjrifzl;w,fwJU/ avrkefwdkif;u opfyifBuD;udk

qkyfudkif cg,rf;vdkufwmudk zGJUxm;wmygyJ/
And if you have seen me when I slept igtdyfwkef;rSm rif;ighudk
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jrifzl;w,f qdkvQif (jywif;aygufu opfyifqdkwmudk owd&ygav)

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ighudk qkyfudkifcg,rf;MuordkU
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You have seen me....lost

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ajymjyaewmjzpfw,f/ opfyifudk rkefwdkif;u vIyfudkifa0SU,rf;ypfovdk rdrd
uAsmq&mudkvJ qkyfudkifcg,rf;ypfMuvdkU 'ku©a&mufcJU&ygw,fwJU/ rkefwdkif;
'PfcH&wJUae&m? opfyifeJUuAsmq&m wlMuw,f/ uAsmq&mudk qkyfudkifcg,rf;NyD;
'ku©ay;wJU ]rkefwdkif;}uaum "mwfBuD;av;yg;xJu 0ga,mrkefwdkif;yJvm;
qufzwfygav/
That day she put our heads together igwkdU OD;acgif;awGudk

twl,SOfxm;wJU aeUuwJU/ iga&mrif;a&m pdwfqif;&JatmifvkyfwJU aeUuvdkU
t"dyÜm,f&w,f/ vkyfwJUol she qdkwmb,folvJ? aemufpmaMumif;rSm ygw,f/
Fate had her imagination about her uHMur®m[m awmfawmfpdwf
ul;aumif;w,faemf-wJU/ uHMur®mudk she vdkU okH;xm;aMumif; od&NyD/

rif;eJUighudkwpfNydKif euf'ku©a&mufapwJU aeUuuHMur®m[m pdwful;aumif;w,f/
OmPfBuD;w,f/ igwkdUudk vSvSyy 'ku©a&mufatmif BuHBuHpnfpnfvkyfrS
vkyfwwfw,fvkdU qdkvdkw,f/
Your head so much concerned with outer 0gusrqkH;bl;vdkUod&r,f/
outer u emr0daooeqdkawmh olUaemufu emrfwpfck&Sd&r,f/ aemufyg'u
inner &JU aemufu emrfyk' f weather yJvdkU qufpyf,lwwf&w,f/

tjynfhtpkHjyefa&; vQif-
Your head concerned with outer weather,
Mine with inner weather vdkU &r,f/ rifhacgif;rSm jyifyrdk;av0o
aMumifh ylyef&? ighacgif;rSm twGif;rdk;av0oaMumifh ylyef&ygowJU/

tckav;ydk'fpvkH;&JU oabmoGm;udk awmufavQmufqufpyfMunfhMu&atmif/
uAsmq&m&JU tcef;jywif;0em;rSm opfyifBuD;wpfyif&Sdw,f/ uAsmq&meJU

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opfyifeJU oleJU b0jcm;roGm;ygbl;wJU/ uAsmq&mu opfyifudk vlvdk

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w,f/ pum;awGuawmh av;av;eufeufcsnf; [kwfr,f awmhrxifbl;wJU/
'gayr,fh'DopfyifBuD;vJ 'ku©uif;uif;ae&&Smwmawmh r[kwfbl;/ wpfcgwpfav
'DopfyifBuD;crsm zrf;udkifa0SU,rf;ypfwm cH&&Smw,fqdkwmudk uAsmq&m jrifzl;
w,f/ tvm;wlyJ tdyfaysmfaepOf uAsmq&mvJ wpfpkHwpfOD;u qkyfudkifarTU,rf;ypf
wm cH&ovdk jzpfae&wmudk opfyifBuD;jrifzl;rSmygyJwJU/ jywif;em;u opfyif
qdkawmh uAsmq&mtdyfwm rjrifcsifhtqkH;udk;/ opfyifeJUuAsmq&m[m uHMur®m&JU
txktaxmif;udk cH&wJUae&mrSm wlnDMuav&JU/ opfyifu A[d'¨rdk;av&JU 'Pfudk
cH&? r[d'¨rdk;avudk aMumufae&&Smw,f/ uAsmq&mrSmawmh tZöswårdk;avudkyJ
&GHUaMumufae&awmhw,f-wJU/
'DuAsmrSm tjrifhqkH;tydkif;? ta&;tBuD;qkH; tydkif;u pwkw¦tydk'f?
wwd,eJU pwkw¦yg'rsm;yJ jzpfw,f/ rMumrMum udk;um;avh&SdMuw,f/
Your head so much concerned with outer,
Mine with inner, weather
t*Fvdyfpum;rSm weather qdkwm jrefrm ]rdk;av0o}xufydkw,f/
rdk;eJUav avmufwif ajymwm r[kwfbJ rdk;awG? avawG0&kef;okef;um;
wdkuf[,f &Gm[,feJU aomif;usef;wmudkyg teufxGufaew,f/ opfyifcH&wJU
rdk;av0o uawmh &Sif;ygw,f/ vlom;jzpfwJUuAsmq&m cHpm;&wJU ]rdk;av0o}u
bmvJ/ ]tZöswå}(twGif;)vdkU nTef;wmudk owdjyKygav/ ppfruf? pD;yGm;a&;?
tdrfaxmifa&;pwJUtjyif A[d'¨tjzpfqdk;rsm;udk ajymwm r[kwfbJ? 'Dtjyify
A[d'¨tjzpfqdk;awGaMumifh twGif;pdwfrSmvmNyD; *,ufx&wJU a'gre ów&m;awG
jzpfw,f/ vlrSm 'ku©a&muf&w,fqdkwm twGif;pdwfygyJ/ twGif;pdwf Aavmifql
tkH<uaewmu jyifyrD;xuf qdk;w,f/ 'DpdwfaMumifh uAsmq&mrSm tdyf&xJ
vl;vGefUae&wmrsm; opfyifBuD;udk rkefwdkif;u a0SU,rf;ypfaeovkdygyJwJU/ pdwf&JU
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'ku©ay; EdkifpGrf;udk uAsmq&mu ajymaewmjzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh uRefawmf

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a&;csifvQifvnf; &ao;w,f) pum;av;ESpfvkH; (inner weather) eJUwif

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igh jywif;aygufu opfyif
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n a&mufawmh em;ywfwef; qGJcs&/
uefUvefUumawmh rjcm;apeJU? b,fawmhrS
rif;eJU ig Mum;vQif/
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reufeJEdkifuJGU/
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t&IH;b0rQuG,f/
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rifh acgif;rSm jyifyaMumifh ylyef&w,f?
ighacgif; twGif; rdk;av0o/
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uAsmudk £trÁ*dkPf;eJU zGJUygw,f/ av;yg'&SdwJUteuf yxr? 'kwd,?
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16
EAST BRONX
In the street two children sharpen
Knives against the curb.
Parents leaning out the window
above gaze and think and smoke
and duck back into the house
with locked door to read
of the happiness of two tortoises
on an island in the Pacific
always alone and always
the sun shining
David Ignatow
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wifMunfhNyD; t"dyÜm,faumufvdkUr&aMumif; tckavmufqdkvQif ('Du@udk
tpOfwpdkuf zwfcJUolrsm;) &dyfrdoabmaygufavmufygNyD/ uAsmrSm yg'awG
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wpf0gusvdkU r,lqtyfbl;? o'´genf;t& 'kwd,yg'udkrsm; qufxm;avovm;
Munfhwwf&w,f/
tckuAsmudkMunfhav/ yxryg'u
In the street two children sharpen vrf;ay:rSm uav;ESpfa,muf
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In the street two children sharpen knives against the curb
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'gayr,fh atmufyg'awGrSmawmh 0gusBuD;u t&SnfBuD;wpfaMumif;wnf;
jzpfae wJUtwGuf tvsOf;oihfovdkom yk'fpkav;awGcJGNyD; bmomjyefygr,f/
Parents leaning out the window above tay:u jywif;

aygufurSD&yfaewJU rdbrsm;-
gaze and think and smoke ai;Munfhum? pOf;pm;um?

aq;vdyfaomufum-
and duck into the house tdrfxJudk jyefa&SmifxGufoGm; Muw,fwJU/
'Dae&mrSm jrefrmvdkbmomjyefu t*Fvdyfpum;udk vdkufvdkUrrDawmhyg/ duck

qdkwmu wpfckck ypfvdkufvdkU rrSef&atmif acgif;ikHUa&Smifvdkufwmudk ajymwm/
tEå&m,fudk a&Smifw,fqdkwJUoabm tvdkdvdkygaew,f/ jrefrmvdkteD;qkH;pOf;pm;NyD;
]a&SmifxGuf}vdkU okH;vdkuf w,f/ rl&if;udk rrDygbl;/
0gusu tJ'DrSmwif rNyD;ao;ygbl;/ bmvdkU a&SmifxGufoGm;w,fqdkwmudk
qufajymygw,f/ &nf&G,fcsufjyyk'fpku jrefrmrSmBud,ma&SUuaew,f/
(ynmoifzdkU ausmif;oGm;w,f)? t*FvdyfrSm Bud,maemufuaew,f/ (go to
school to learn...)/ ckvJ tJ'Dtwdkif;yJ bmvdkU a&SmifxGufvJ ....
to sit on the toilet seat tdrfomcGufay: xdkifzdkU .... wJU/
wpfcg t*Fvdyfpum;rSm emr0daooeyk'fu emrf&JUaemufuvmw,f/

(jrefrm rSmawmh emrf&JUa&SUu)/ tJ'Dawmh
to sit on the toilet seat with locked door wHcg;ydwfwJUtdrfom
cGufay: xdkif .... wJU/ bmvkyfOD;rSmvJ ....
to read pmzwfzdkUwJU/ bmzwfrSmvJ/
of the happiness of two tortoises vdyfESpfaumif&JU csrf;omokc
taMumif;udkwJU/ b,fu vdyfawGvJ/

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'g t*Fvdyfo'´g taqmufttkHtwdkif; wpfydkif;pD &Sif;jycJUwmyg/
jrefrmvdkqdkvQifawmh o'´gaqmufttkHudkjyifypfum 0guswdkav;awG vkyfypf&rSmyJ/
]]tdrfomxJ0if? wHcg;ydwf? ypdzdwfork'´&mxJu uRef;wpfuRef;ay:u
vdyfESpfaumif&JU csrf;omokctaMumif; zwfaeawmhw,f}}vdkU jzpfr,f/
always alone tNrJwrf;ESpfaumifwnf;wJU/ 'gvdyfESpfaumifwnf;&Sdwmudk
ajymwmjzpfovdk? tjyifavmurSm bmjzpfaeae? udk,fhbmomudk,fyJ

at;at;vlvlae csifwJU rdbqdkolrsm;&JU pdwfobm0udkvJ nTef;vdk&dyfjyaew,f/
always the sun shining aeuvJ tNrJxGef;vif;vdkUwJU/ 'Dae&mrSm
o'´gt& ydkif;,ljyvdkufwm jzpfw,f/ uAsmpmud,

k frSmawmif always alone and
always &,fvdkU wpfaMumif;wnf;rSmpDxm;wJUtwGuf 'kwd, always u yxr
always udk tm;jznfhay;ovdk &Sdaew,f/ olwkdUat;wJU wdkif;jynfrsm;rSmu

aexGef;vif; w,fqdkwm &moDOwk om,mwmygyJ/ 'gaMumifhae
tNrJxGef;vif;w,fqdkwm &moDOwk tNrJom,mw,fvdkU qdkvdk&ma&mufw,f/
tck uAsmwpfyk'fvkH;udk jyefMunfhMu&atmif ....
vrf;ay:rSm uav;ESpfa,muf yvufazmif;tpGef;rSm "m;aoG;aeMuw,f/
vrf;txufwdkufcef;ay:u jywif;aygufrSm 'Duav;awG&JU rdb? olwdkUrdb
r[kwfvJ rdbt&G,fvlBuD;rsm; &yfMunfhaeMuw,f/ NyD;- pOf;pm;awG;awm
aeMuao;w,f/ (trIrJUtrSwfrJU pOf;pm;MunfhMuao;w,f/) NyD;awmhrS aq;vdyf
aomufaevdkufMuw,f/ 'Daemuf jywif;aygufuae tdrfxJjyef0ifoGm;Muum
tdrfomxJ0if? tdrfomwHcg;ydwf? pmzwfaeMu awmhw,f/ zwfwJUpmu
ypdzdwfork'´&may:u uRef;wpfuRef;ay:u vdyfESpfaumif &Tifvef;csrf;ajrUMuykH
taMumif; a&;zGJUxm;wJU pm/ uRef;uav;ay:rSm ESpfaumifwnf; &,f/
avmuBuD;eJU tqufjywfvdkU? &moDOwkuvnf; om,mygbdoeJUwJU/
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xdk;jyvdkufwmyJ/ uAsm&JU tvkyfu 'gyJudk;/ uAsm&JUoabmudk em;rvnfol
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'gayr,fh 'Dtwdkif; uRefawmfwdkU jrefrmuAsmq&mtrsm;pk a&;aeMuwmygyJ/
'DuAsm tygt0if David Ignatow &JU uAsmpk (Rescue the Dead) udk
1968ckESpfu ykHESdyfxkwfa0cJUwm jzpfw,f/ tJ'DESpfawGwpf0dkuf[m taemufvdkU
ac:MuwJU tar&d uef? t*Fvef? jyifopf? *smreDpwJU EdkifiHrsm;rSma&m?
ta&SUvdkUac:MuwJU &k&Sm;? w&kwfpwJU wdkif;jynfrsm;rSmyg vli,fawG&JU x<urIawG
acwfpm;cJUwJU tcgumvrsm;jzpfw,f/ vrf;o&J? [pfyD? wyfeD toGiftrsKd;rsKd;eJU
ay:aygufcJUMuwm rSwfrdygvdrfhr,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm uAsmxJu rdbrsm;vdk
b,folaoao iawrmNyD;a&m oabmxm;&SdcJUolrsm;u trsm;pk jzpfw,f/
udk,fhta&;udpör[kwfovdk bmodbmomaeEdkit
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rsm;udk uAsmq&mu oa&mfvdkuf[ef&Sdw,fvdkU ,lqEdkifygw,f/ wpfquf
wnf;rSmyJ vlawGzwfMuwJU pmrsm;udkvJ jyuf&,fjyKvdk[efawGUEdkifw,f/ jyify
urÇmrSm bmjzpfaeae pmzwfpOfavmuBuD;taMumif;udk arhypfxm;EdkifwJUpmrsKd;?
taysmfoufouf pmrsKd;awGaygh/ t*Fvdyfvd k Escapist Literature vdkUac:wJU
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wlaeMuav&JU/ wpfOD;u w[D[DuRef;/ wpfOD;u ypdzdwfxJu uRef;? wpfOD;u
vlarmifr,f? wpfOD;u vdyfarmifESH/
ta&SUb&GefU
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txufu jywif;aygufrSm rSD&yfaewJU
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21
MEN OF TERRY STREET
They come in at night, leave in the early morning,
I hear their footsteps, the ticking of bicycle chains,
Sudden blasts of motorcycles, whimpering of vans,
Somehow I am either in bed, or the curtains are drawn.
This masculine invisibility makes gods of them,
A pantheon of boots and overalls.
But when you see them, home early from work,
Or at their Sunday leisure, they are too tired,
And bored to look long at comfortably
It hurts to see their faces, too sad or too jovial,
They quicken their step at the smell of cooking,
They hold up their children and sing to them.
Douglas Dunn
w,f&Dvrf;u vlawG
uaeUNAdwdefjynfrSm xdyfwef;uAsmq&mwpfOD; jzpfaewJU 'wf*vmhpf'ef;&JU

uAsm jzpfw,f/ olwuúodkvfausmif;om;b0u [m;vfNrdKUrSm tdrfimS ;aepOfu
w,f&Dvrf;eJU rvSrf;rurf;rSm aecJUw,f/ tJ'DuvlawGudk Munfh&Iavhvm&if;
]w,f&Dvrf;}trnfeJU uAsmpmtkyfudk 1969u xkwfa0cJUwmygyJ/
uAsmudk av;yg' wpfydk'fvkyfNyD; a&;xm;ayr,fh yg'wpfckrSm
tu©&mta&twGuf uefUowfrxm;/ rMwmpepfudkvJ rokH;? um&efvJrygbJ
a&;xm;wmudk tvG,feJUodEdkifyg w,f/ zwfMunfhMu&atmif ....
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They come in at night olwdkU nrSm(tdrfjyef)vmMuw,f/

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leave in the early morning reuftapmBuD; jyefxGufoGm;Muw,f/

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I hear their footsteps olwkdU&JU ajcoHawGudk igMum;&w,f/

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The ticking of bicycle chains pufbD;csdef;BudK;&JU acsmufcsufoHawG
(igMum;&w,f)
sudden blasts of motorcycles armfawmfqdkifu,fawG&JU &kwfw&uf
aygufuGJoHawG (zkef;xdkif;jrnfoHawG)
whimpering of vans AJefum;awG&JU nnf;wGm;oHawG (igMum;&w,f)
Somehow I am either in bed bmyJjzpfjzpf igu

tdyf&mxJrSmvQifvJjzpfae
or the curtains are drawn uefUvefUumawGUvQifvnf; csxm;vsuf
om; jzpfaewwfw,f/ ('gaMumifh olwkdUudk rjrifbl;vdkUqdkvdkw,f/)
This masculine invisibility makes gods of them

tckvdka,mufsm;qefwJU rjrif&rIu olwkdUudk ewfawGjzpfoGm;apw,fwJU/
(a,mufsm;qdkwm reuftapmBuD; tdrfuxGufoGm;? nrSjyefvmawmh tdrfrmS
jrif&w,fudk r&Sdbl;/ 'gudk ]a,musfm;qefwJU rjrif&rI}vdkU ajymwmygyJ/
rjrif&bl;qdkawmh ewfawGvdkyJaygh/ ewfqdkwmvJ uRefawmfwUkd vlom;awGu
rjrifMu&bl;r[kwfvm;/)
A pantheom of boots and overalls bGwfzdeyfawG tdkAma&mvfawG&JU
ewftaygif;/
tdkAma&mvfqdkwm tvkyform;awG0wfwJU a&SUydkif;rSm &ifywfudkvTrf;um
yckH; uaeBudK;odkif;ygwJU abmif;bDyGyGudk ac:wm/
pantheon qdkwmu vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;tvdkuf udk;uG,fwJU ewftpktaygif;udk
ac:wm/
But when you see them, home early from work Or at their
Sunday leisure 'gayr,fh tvkyfutdrfudk apmapmjyefvmwJUtcg 'grSr[kwf
om
we*FaEG tm;vyfwJUtcg olwkdUudkjrif&vQifawmh

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olwkdU[m odyfarmyef;aeMu? NiD;aiGUaeMuonfrdkU pdrfajyeajycyfMum

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MumMunfhcsifp&mudk r&Sdygbl;/ ('kwd,tydk'feJU wwd,tydk'fqufNyD;
awmufavQmufzwf&ykHudk rSwfom;yg/)
tdrftjyefrSm tm;wJU&ufrSmawmif tvkyform;BuD;awG armyef;EGrf;vsykH
aygufae &SmMuykHudk zGJUxm;wm jzpfw,f/
It hurts to see their faces, too sad or too jovial aMuuJGvGef;?
jrL;aysmfvGef;wJU olwkdU&JU rsufESmawGudk jrif&wm &ifemrdawmhw,f/

aMuuGJvGef;wJU olwkdUrsufESmawGudkjrif&vdkU emusif&wmuawmh [kwfygNyD/
jrL;aysmfvGef;wJU rsufESmawGudk jrif&vdkUemusif&wmu bmaMumifhvJ/ jrL;aysmfw,f
qdkayr,fhvJ 'ku©xJu tNyKH;? rcsdoGm;NzJudk;/ wu,fjrL;aysmfp&mrS r[kwfwmyJ/
qufzwfMunfh ygav/
They quicken their step at the smell of cooking csufwJUjyKwfwJU
teHUudk&awmh olwdkUajcvSrf;udk taomhESifMuw,f/ (qm&SmvGef;vdkUaygh)
They hold up their children and sing to them olwkdUuav;awGudk
ajrSmufcsDum oDcsif;qdkjyMuw,fwJU/ udk,fudk,fwdkifrStvkyfu yifyifyef;yef;

qmqmavmifavmif jzpfaewm oDcsif;qdkEdkifyghrvm;/ om;orD;u 0rf;omtm;&
ajy;vmawmhvJ aumuf,l ayGUcsDNyD; oDcsif;qdkjyMu&wmy/ 'ku©xJu tNyKH;udk
NyKH;&SmMu&? rcsdoGm;NzJ jy&SmMu&wmy/
uJ-tck wpfyk'fvkH;udk jrefrmvdka&;csMunfhMu&atmif/
w,f&Dvrf;u vlawG
olwkdU njyefvm? reuftapmBuD; xGufMu?

olwkdU ajcoH? pufbD; csdef;BudK; acsmufcsufoH?
om
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armfawmfqdkifu,f &kwfw&ufaygufuGJoH? AJefum;nnf;oH ig Mum;&/

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wpfenf;enf;eJU ig tdyf&mxJ a&mufae? uefUvefUum csxm;rdae/

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'D ykv’difrjrif&rIu olwkdUudk ewf jzpfapcJU?

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bGwfzdeyfawG? tdkAma&mvfawG&JU ewftaygif;y/
'gayr,fh tvkyfu apmapmtdrfjyefvmcsdef? we*FaEG tm;vyfcsdef?
olwkdUudkjrif&wJU tcgrawmh? olwkdU[m armvGef;
NiD;aiGUvGef;onfrdkU pdrfajyeajy MumMumrMunfhcsifp&mom/
aMuuGJvGef;? jrL;aysmfvGef;wJU olwdkUrsufESm jrif&wm emusifrd?
xrif;[if;eHU t&rSm olwdkU ajcvSrf;aomhMu?
uav;awGudk ajrSmufcsDum oDcsif;qdkjyMu/
'wf*vmhpf 'ef;
o&kyfrSefatmif a&;zGJUw,fqdkwm 'grsKd;udk ac:wm/ ya'o&mZf&JU

v,form;zGJU [m tjcm;ya'o&mZfacwf bkef;awmfzGJUrsm;ESifh pmvdkufvQif
qif;&Jom; awmolawmif om;udk zGJUazmf&ayw,fvdkU csD;usL;p&m jzpfayr,fh
aysmfp&mMunfEl;p&mcsnfh jzpfaew,f/ v,form;yJjzpfjzpf? tvkyform;yJjzpfjzpf?
olaX;yJjzpfjzpf? b0qdkwm aysmfp&meJU 0rf;enf; p&m? 'ku©eJU okc a&maewm
csnfhom/ qif;&Jom;rsm;usawmh qif;&Ju ydkayvdrfhr,f/ 'ef;&JU tvkyform;zGJU[m
'Dtcsufudk ay:vGifyDjyifatmif zGJUxm;Edkifw,f/ tvkyform; BuD;awG&JU aeUw"l0
b0udkusOf;usOf;eJU xdxdrdrdo&kyfazmfvdkufNyD;aemuf olwkdUwpfawG&JU 0rf;enf;
0rf;om b0tuGufuav;awGudkyg xdk;jyxm;Edkifw,f/ 'gayr,fholwkdUcrsmrsm;&JU
0rf;omtNyKH;qdkwmudku 'ku©xJu tNyKH;? udk,fhom;udk,fhorD;av;awGeJU tdrfrSm
cPwjzKwf twlaevdkuf&vdkU qif;qif;&J&J qmqmavmifavmifxJrSm rdb&JU
&ifxJutNyHK;? &ifeifhp&mtNyKH;? 'DtuGufuav;[myJ uAsmwpfckvkH;&JU
tacgiftcdkuf jzpfaew,f/
tvkyform;udkzGJUwJU acwfNydKifuAsm[m bmompum;t&vJ &dk;&dk;pif;pif;
om
pum;? jynfolokH;pum;jzpf&w,f/
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They come in at night qdkwmrsKd;[m tvGefvG,fulwJU pum;rsKd;aygh/

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('grsKd; udk bmomjyefwJUtcg bmomjyefq&muvJ tvkdufod&w,f/ olUvdkyJ

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vG,fvG,fpum;? &dk;&dk;pum;eJUjyef&w,f/ ]nOfhOD;,Hcg}awG? ]t&kPu

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uAsmqefatmif[JUqdkNyD; uGefUray;&bl;/ olurS um&efrokH;bJ udk,fuvJ
um&efxnfhay;p&mrvdkbl;/) 'gayr,fh pum;&dk;ayr,fh tzGJUr&dk;wmudk Munfhygav/
]pufbD;csdef;BudK; acsmufcsufoH? armfawmf qdkifu,f &kwfw&uf aygufuGJoH?
AJefum; nnf;wGm;oH}wkdU[m olUae&meJUol tH0ifcGifus o&kyfazmfEdkifpGrf;
&SdaeMuw,f/
]ykv’difrjrif&rI} qdkwmuawmh jrefrmrSmawmh wpfrsKd;BuD;yJaygh/ t*Fvdyf
pum;rSmawmh ]ykv’dif} (masculine) qdkwJUpum;? ]rjrif&rI (invisibility)
qdkwJUpum;awG[m aeUpOfokH;pum;awGyg/ tJ'Dae&mav;rSm tzGJUuav; qef;oGm;

wm qef;vkdUt&om &SdoGm;wmudk owdjyKygav/ a,mufsm;qefqef rjrif&bl;
qdkwm b,favmufwmoGm;wJU tzGJUuav;ygvJ/ rjrif&vdkU ewfjzpfoGm;w,f/
bGwfzdeyf -tdkAma&mvfawG&JU ewfawGqdkwm b,favmufxdrdwJU edrdwfykH
av;ygvJ/
wpfcg tvkyform;BuD;awG&JU yifyef;cufcJwJUb0udk zGJU&mrSma&m? acR;awG
oHawG? cGeftm;pdkuf&wmawG a&;raeawmhbl;/ ]armvGef;NiD;aiGUvGef;vdkU pdrfajyeajy
MumMum rMunfhcsifp&m} qdkwJU wpfyg'av;eJUwif ajymp&mawGtrsm;BuD;udk
ajymjyvdkufw,f/ NyD;rS ]aMuuGJvGef;? jrL;aysmfvGef;wJU olwkdUrsufESmjrif&wm
emusifrd}aMumif;eJU tm;jznfhay; vdkufw,f/ xrif;eHU? [if;eHUt&rSm ajcvSrf;awG
oGufvmMuwmudk zwf&awmh uRefawmf wdkUrSm idktm;xuf&,ftm;oef cHpm;rI
jzpfMu&jyefw,f/ oem;vJ oem;oGm;w,f/ uav; awGudk ajrSmufcsDum
oDcsif;qdkjywJUtaMumif; zwfvdkuf&jyefawmh rdom;pkb0? qif;&J twl?
csrf;omtrQ? rdbarwåm? wJtdkysufrSmae& pwmawG pwmawG[m 'DrQuav;
t>rufjy&kHeJU &ifxJrSm wpfavSBuD; cHpm;Mu&jyefa&m/
'wf*avmhpf 'ef;[m uaeU NAdwdefjynf&JU xdyfwef;uAsmq&mwpfOD;
om
jzpfaewm rqef;aybl;/ (olU arG;aeUouú&mZfu 1942yg/)

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ON THE ROOFS OF TERRY STREET
Television aerials, Chinese characters
In the lower sky, wave gently in the smoke.
Nest building sparrows peck at moss,
Urban flora and fauna, soft, unscrupulous.
Rain drying on the slates shines sometimes.
A builder is repairing someone's leaking roof.
He kneels upright to rest his back.
His trowel catches the light and becomes precious.
Douglas Dunn
w,f&Dvrf;u acgifrdk;rsm;ay:rSm
uAsmudk ESpfaMumif;(ESpfyg')wpfydk'f a&;zGJUxm;w,f/ uyÜvpf (Couplet)
vdkU ac:w,f/ wpfyg'rSm tu©&mudk ta&twGuf uefUowfrxm;bl;/

&Hzefudk;vkH;? &Hzef q,fhwpfvkH;? &Hzef q,fhESpfvkH;yJ/ rMwmpepfudk
rokH;?pum;ajym&pforfyJ ,lxm;w,f/ um&efvJ rokH;bl;/
pmom;udk MunfhMupdkU/
acgif;pOfu On the Roofs of Terry Street w,f&Dvrf;ay:&JU acgifrdk;rsm;

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ay:rSmwJU? t&iftywfu ]w,f&Dvrf;u vlrsm;}udk a&;wJU uAsmq&myJ?

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w,f&Dvrf;u taqmufttkHawG&JU acgif;rdk;rsm;udk zGJUaew,f/

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Television aerals w,fvDApf&Sif; at&D,,fwdkifrsm;/

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Chinese characters in the lower sky atmufydkif; aumif;uifrSm
w&kwf tu©&mrsm;/ 'g[m Nouns in apposition (emrfyk'fESpfckudk ,SOfwGJjcif;)
okH;xm; wmjzpfw,f/ Yangon, the capital of Myanmar (jrefrmjynf&JU

NrdKUawmf? &efukef) qdkwmrsKd;aygh/ ESpfckaygif;vdkufvQif ]atmufydkif;aumif;uifrSm
w&kwftu©&mrsm; (vdkjzpfaewJU) w,fvDApf&Sif; at&D,,fwdkifrsm;}vdkU &r,f/
wave gently in the smoke rD;cdk;xJrSm nifnifomom
a0SU,rf;aeowJU/ avxJrSm r[kwf? rD;cdk;xJrSmaemf/
Nestbuilding sparrows peck at moss todkufaqmufwJU

pmuav;rsm; a&nSdudk xdk;qdwfMuw,f/
Urban flora and fauna NrdKUjytyifeJU taumif/ 'DrSmvJ nouns in
apposition okH;xm;w,fvdkU rSwfyg/ NrdKUjytyifeJU taumifqdkwm pmuav;eJU
a&nSdudkajymw,fvdkU em;vnf&w,f/ NrdKUjyrSmtyifqdkvdkU a&nSdyifyJ &Sdw,f/

taumifqdk vdkU pmuav;yJ&Sdw,faygh/
soft aysmhaysmif;w,f/ 'gvJ pmuav;eJU a&nSdyif ESpfckpvkH;udk
nTef;aewmygyJ/
unscrupulous MowåyÜw&m; r&Sdbl;/ raumif;rIjyKzdkU bmudkrS
riJUuGufwwf bl;wJU/ pmuav;eJU a&nSdyifudk nTef;aewmygyJ/ pmuav;vJ
olUtodkuf vkyfcsif&m vkyfr,f/ b,fol bmjzpfjzpf*&krpdkfufbl;/ a&nSdyifuvJ
aygufcsif&m aygufrSmyJ/ bmudkrS iJUuGufaerSm r[kwfbl;av/
'DESpfyg' wpfydk'fu NrdKUjy&JU obm0tvSuif;rJUNyD; pdwfysufp&mpmuav;eJU
a&nSdyifwdkUyJ rif;rlaewmudk o&kyfay:apw,f/ (uRefawmfwdkUwdkif;jynfrSmawmh
a&nSdtjyif anmifyifudkyg xnfhajym&rSmayghav/ anmifyifqdkwmuvJ
aygufcsif&m aygufwm unscrupulous ayudk;/)
om
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Tain drying on the slates shines sometimes

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oifykef;ausmuf(trdk;)awG ay:rSm ajcmufaoGUvmaewJU rdk;a&u

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wpfcgwpfav0if;yaew,f/ olwdkUqDrSm ausmufoifykef;vkyfwJU ausmufjym;udk

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tdrfrdk;&mrSm okH;ygw,f/ 'Dausmufjym; awG[m rlvuacs;anSmfawGeJU
ayusHaewmuvm;/ ckeu rdk;&Gmvdkufawmh acs;anSmfawG? zkefawG
a&aq;ypfvdkufovdk jzpfNyD; 0if;yvmw,f/ 'gayr,fh tNrJr[kwfbl;/
ae&mwumrSm r[kwfbl;/
]wpfcgwpfav} rSomwJU/ [dkae&m onfae&mavmufrSmomwJU/
b,favmuf npfax;rnf;arSmifaeovJqdkwm jyaew,f/
A builder is repairing someone's leaking roof aqmufvkyfa&;
orm;wpfOD;[m wpfa,mufa,muf&JU rdk;,dkwJU acgifrdk;udk jyifaew,fwJU/ ckeu

a&nSdyif&,f/ tck rdk;,dkwm&,fudk axmufvdkufawmh 'D&yfuGufu
taqmufttkHawG b,favmuftdkrif;a[mif;jrif;aeNyDvJqdkwm odomw,f/
He kneels upright to rest his back olUausmjyifem;zdkU

rwfrwf'l;axmuf (xdkif)vdkufw,f/ tvkyform;BuD;[m
ukef;NyD;trdk;udkjyifae&wmyg/ Mumawmh cg;anmif;vmw,f/ 'Dawmh
enf;enf;rStanmif;ajy tnmajy oufomvdk oufomjim;? cg;udkrwf
rwfqefUvdkufw,f/ 'l;axmufvsufuawmh 'l;axmuf vsufygyJ/
His trowel catches light and becomes precious
olUoHvufutvif; udkzrf;rdvdkufum (oHvufay:udk jAKef;ceJ
tvif;usa&mufoGm;um) tzdk;wefoGm; awmh w,f/
'Dyg'[m uAsmwpfyk'fvkH;rSm tc&mygyJ/ aoaocsmcsmaphaphawG;NyD;

jrifa,mif cHpm;Munfhygav/ rdk;wGif;rdk;&GmNyD;pqdkawmh 0ef;usifwpfckvkH;[m
tkHUtkHUrIdif;rIdif;eJU &Sdaeayvdrfhr,f/ acgif;rdk;awGuvJ oifykef;ausmufrJGjyma&mifyJaygh/
a&nSdawGuvJ wufaevdkufao;/ 'Dvdk rnf;rnf;arSmifarSmif0ef;usifrSm
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tvif;a&mifuav; wpfydkif;wpfp jrifvdkuf&wm b,favmufvSyoGm;NyD;

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b,favmuf tm;&p&maumif;vdkufavrvJ/ 'Dtvif;a&mif[m wdrfrnf;awG

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Mum;xJ jyLxGufpjyKvmwJU aerif;&JU wrefawmf jzpfayvdrfhr,f/ aeomOD;

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awmhr,fayhg/ twdwfaumif;erdwfaumif;ayhg/ 'gaMumifh ]tzdk;wefoGm;w,f}vdkU

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qdkvdkufwm jzpfygvdrhfr,f/ rdk;xJavxJ arSmifrnf;rnf;xJanmif;nmae&SmwJU
tvkyf orm;BuD;tzdkU arQmfvsifhcsufvif;a&mifjcnfuav;ayy/
uJ- tckuAsmwpfyk'fvkH;udk jrefrmvdkcsnf; a&;csMunfhMuOD;pdkU/
w,f&Dvrf;&JU acgif;rkd;rsm;ay:rSm
atmufydkif;aumif;uifrSm w&kwftu©&mrsm;?
w,fvDApf&Sif; at&D,,fwkdU rD;cdk;xJ tom a0SU,rf;ae/
todkufvkyf pmuav;rsm; a&nSdudk xdk;qdwfMu?
NrdKUjy&JU tyifeJU taumifrsm;? aysmhaysmif;? MowåyÜrJU/
oifykef;ausmufay:u rdk;a&ajcmufaoGU? wpfcgwav 0if;y/
aqmufvkyfa&;orm; wpfOD;wpfa,muf&JU rdk;,dktrdk; jyifae/
ausmjyifem;zkdU rwfrwf 'l;axmufxdkifvdkuf/
olUoHvuf tvif;udk zrf;rdum tzdk;wefoGm;w,f/
'wf*vmhpf 'ef;
uAsmqdkwm zwfolu trsKd;rsKd;awG;NyD; trsKd;rsKd;cHpm;Munfh&wJU ypönf;rsKd;

jzpfw,f/ trsKd;rsKd;pOf;pm;p&mrvdkbJ ajymcsifwmudk wJUwdk;ajymwmudk pum;ajyvdkU
ac:w,f/ t"dyÜm,ftrsKd;rsKd;pOf;pm;Edkifwmudk uAsm&JU trdÁ*w*kPfvdkUac:w,f/
ckuAsmudk Munfhav/ NrdKUjy&yfuGuf tvkyform;wpfpkzGJUvdkU ajymEdkifw,f/
'DtaeeJUMunfhvQif b,favmufaumif;wJU tzGJUtEJGJUuav;awGygvJ/ w,fvD
Apf&Sif; at&D,,fav;awGudk aumif;uifatmufydkif;em;u w&kwftu©&mrsm;vdkU
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zGJUxm;w,f/ pmuav;eJUa&nSdudk NrdKUjy&JUtyifeJU taumifrsm;wJU/ ESpfckpvkH;[m

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el;nHUoavmuf xif&mpdi
k f;NyD; tEå&m,fay;Muolcsnf;ygyJ/ qif;&Jom; &yfuGuf
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qdkawmh rdk;,dkwJUtdrfu ,dk/

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acgif;rdk;jyifwJU tvkyform;BuD;udk zGJUwmvdkU ajymr,fqdkvJ &wmygyJ/
oltvkyf vkyfaewJU tkHUtkHUrIdif;rIdif; rdk;aumif;uifatmufu 0ef;usif/ rdk;&Gmwpfcsuf
wdwfwpfcsuf eJU rdk;av0otajctae/ olanmif;nmyifyef;ykH/ olUb0rSm
MunfEl;p&m/ arQmfvifhp&m/
'DuAsm[m em*&pdwå (cityscape) vdkU ac:MuwJU NrdKUjyyef;csDwpfydkif;vdkUvJ

qdkEdkifw,f/ arSmifarSmifrnf;rnf; 0ef;usif/ jymrJGrJGoifykef;ausmuf trdk;rsm;?
wdkufwmawG ay: xif&mpdkif; aygufa&mufaewJU a&nSdyifrsm;? xif&mpdkif;odkufvkyf
zsufqD;aewJU pmuav;rsm; tJovdk rnf;npfwJU ta&mifvGifjyifrSm
oifykef;ausmuf trdk;ay: rdk;a&pdk&TJae&mu ajcmufaoGUvmNyD; BudK;Mum;0if;vuf
oGm;ykH/ yef;&eftvkyform;BuD;&JU oHvufay:u vufceJ jzpfoGm;wJU tzdk;wef
vSwJU tvif;puav;/
'Dvdk tay:,HaMum t"dyÜm,fawGtjyif twGif;om;t"dyÜm,fav;vJ
ygaeav&JUvdUk aumufcsufcsr,fqdkvQifvJ &ygao;w,f/ b0qdkwm yef;&H
tvkyform;BuD; tvkyfvkyfae&wJU 0ef;usifeJU rdk;av0ovdk rnf;arSmif
aewwfwmcsnfh/ pdwfnpfpdwftdkufp&m awGcsnfh/ 'gayr,fh 'Drnf;rnf;
arSmifarSmifawGcsnf; jynfhaewmr[kwfygbl;/ wpfcgwav yef;&Htvkyform;BuD;&JU
oHvufay:u &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; tvif;vdk MunfEl; p&muav;? arQmfvifhp&m
uav;rsm;vJ &Sdwwfygw,f/ tcuftcJawG? 'ku©awG? pdwfysuf p&mawGeJU
wpfb0vkH; &kef;uefeyef;vkH;&if; csrf;omokcqdkwmav;rsm;vJ BuKH&wwfyg
aMumif; 'DuAsmu nTef;jyvdk&dyf &Sdw,fvdkU ,lr,fqdkvQifvJ &Edkifayvdrfh/
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WHY BROWNLEE LEFT
Why Brownlee left, and where he went,
Is a mystery even now.
For if a man should have been content
It was him; two acres of barley,
One of potatoes, four bullocks,
A milker, a slated farmhouse.
He was last seen going out to plough
On a March morning bright and early.
By noon Brownlee was famous;
They had found all abandoned, with
The last rig unbroken, his pair of black
Horses, like man and wife,
Shifting their weight from foot to
Foot, and gazing into the future.
Paul Muldoon
bmaMumifh ba&mifvDxGufoGm;
uaeUacwf NAdwdoQ uAsmq&mwpfOD;&JU uAsmwpfyk'fygyJ/ ESpfyg'

zGJUxm;w,f/ a&S;&dk;rMwmpepfudk rokH;? pum;ajym&pforfudk okH;xm;w,f/
um&efrJUw,fvdkU qdk&rSmjzpfayr,fh tydk'fwpfydk'frSm yxryg'&JU went eJU
wwd,u content ? 'kwd,u now eJU owåru plough pwkw¦u barley
eJU tXru early wdkU rawmfwq oabmrsKd;oGm;NyD; um&efNidaeMuw,f/

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Why Brownlee left bmaMumifh ba&mifvD xGufoGm;w,f?
and where he went olb,fudkoGm;w,fqdkwm
Is a mystery even now tckxufxd od&cufwJUudpöjzpfaew,fwJU/
For bmvdkUvJ qdkawmh
if man should have been content vlwpfa,muf[m (b0rSm)

auseyfaew,f (pdwfcsrf;omaew,f)qdkvQif
It was him tJ'Dvl[m olygyJwJU/
two acres of barley bmvDpyg; (pdkufxm;wm)ESpf{u
One of potatoes tmvl; wpf({u)?
four bullocks EGm;av;aumif
A milker EdkUpm;EGm;rwpfaumif
a slated farmhouse oifykef;ausmuftrdk;rdk;xm;wJU v,f,mtdrf ....
v,form;wpfa,muf taeeJU? 'gawG'gawG ydkifqdkifae&NyDqdkawmh

olUb0ol auseyfESpfodrfhaecJUw,faygh/
He was last seen going out to plough olUudkaemufqkH;jrifvdkufMu&
wmuawmh v,fxGefxGufoGm;pOfygyJwJU/ v,fxGeftoGm; aemufqkH;jrifvkdufMu

&w,f wJU/
On a March morning rwfv wpfreufcif;
bright and early 0if;y(aeom)vdkU apmapmpD;pD;wJU/
By noon brownlee was famous rGef;wnfhcsdefrSmawmh

ba&mifvDemrnf BuD;oGm;NyD/ vlawG olUtaMumif;yJ wpfajymwnf; ajymaeMuNyD/
They had found all abandoned tm;vkH;udk

pGefUypfxm;cJUwmudkawGUMu&w,f/
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shifting their weight from foot to foot tav;csdefudk ajcaxmuf
wpfacsmif;uae wpfacsmif;ajymif;aeMuw,f/ 'Dbufuav; [dkbufajymif;

vkyfaeMu w,f/
and gazing into the future tem*wfqDudk
ai;MunfhaeMuw,f...wJU/
tckuAsmwpfyk'fvkH;udk jrefrmvdka&;Munfh&atmif-
bmaMumifh ba&mifvDxGufoGm;
bmaMumifh ba&mifvDxGufoGm;? b,fudkoGm;

ckxd od&cuf tjzpfwpfckom/
vlwpfa,muf auseyfaew,fqdkvQif
'g olygyJ/ bmvDpyg; ESpf{u?
tmvl; wpf{u? EGm;xD;av;aumif?
EdkUpm;EGm;r wpfaumif? oifykef;ausmufrdk; v,ftdrf/
olUudk v,fxGeftoGm; aemufqkH; jrifvdkufMu&?
rwfv reufcif;? aeomom? apmapmpD;pD;/
rGef;wnfhrSm ba&mifvD emrnfBuD;aeNyD/

tm;vkH;udk ypfxm;cJUwm awGUMu&? olU
aemufqkH;tqdkif; rjzKwf&ao;? olUjrif;
rnf;ESpfaumif? vifr,m;ES,fom?
tav;udk ajcwpfbufu wpfbufudk
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ba&mifvD qdkwJU v,form;wpfa,muf v,fawmtdrfu
aysmufoGm;w,f/ bmaMumifh xGufcGmoGm;&ovJ? b,fudk oGm;ovJqdkwm bmrS
pkHprf;vdkUr&?? cefUrSef;vdkUr& bJ tqef;jzpfaew,f/ oluyJxGufoGm;wmvm;?
jyefay;qGJoGm;wmvm;vJ rod&bl;/ wu,fuawmh ba&mifvD[m pdwfnpfNyD;
tdrfu xGufajy;&r,fh vlpm;rsKd;vJ r[kwfbl;/ olUrSm ajreJU? EGm;eJU jynfhpkHukHvkHol
wpfOD;jzpfw,f/
olUb0ol auseyfa&mifh&JEdkifolwpfOD; jzpfw,f/ bmvDpyg;pdkufwJU ajru
ESpf{u? tm;vl;csxm;wmu wpf{u? EGm;xD; av;aumif? Edk;pm;EGm;r
wpfaumif? olrsm;vdk oufu,frdk; r[kwf? oifykef;ausmufcsyfrdk;xm;wJU
v,f,mtdrfuav;wpfvkH; ydkifqdkifol jzpfw,f/ bmvdkao;vJ ar;&r,fh
v,form;rsKd;/
olUudk aemufqkH;jrifvdkufMu&wmuawmh v,fxGeftoGm;rSm ygyJ/ rwfv
reuf apmapmaexGufNyD;p aea&mifawGjzmae? vif;aewJUtcsdefuav;rSmaygh/
ba&mifvD r&Sdawmhwmudk tdrfeD;csif;rsm;? b0wl v,form;rsm;
pwif&dyfrdvmMuNyD; ar;Mujref;MueJU rGef;wnfhcsdefrSmawmh vlawG[m olUtaMumif;
yJwpfajymwnf; ajymae MuygNyD/ tdrfrSmr&Sdawmh v,fxJoGm;MunfhMuw,f/
tm;vkH;udk 'Dwdkif;ypfxm;cJUwm awGUMu&w,f/ v,fxGef&if;wef;vef;? xGefrSm
wyfxm;wJU jrif;awGawmifxGefu rjzKwf& ao;/ olwkdUqDuv,fxGefw,fqdkwm
jrif;eJUxGefwmudk;/ vifr,m;ESpfa,mufozG,f wlvSwJU jrif;rnf;BuD;ESpfaumif[m
xGefrSmwyfvsuf 'Dtwdkif;yJ&Sdaew,f/ xGefud&d,m awGudk xrf;ydk;xm;&wmu
av;vGef;vdkU oufomvdk oufomjim; ajcwpfbufu wpfbufajymif;zdkU
BudK;pm;&if; vIyf&GaeMuw,f/ rsufvkH;awGu ai;pdkufMunfhaeykHuvJ tem*wfudk
vSrf;arQmfMunfhaeMuovdk xif&w,fwJU/
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tMurf;zsif; zwfMunfhvdkufvQifawmh ba&mifvDqdkwJU v,form;

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,aeUacwfrSm v,form;awGu v,f,mvkyfief;udk pGefUypfNyD; NrdKUay:ajy;ae
Muw,fqdkwJU urÇmeJUt0ef; jzpfysufBuKHawGU ae&wJU udpöBuD;udk ajymaewm
ygvm;vdkU oabmaygufvm&awmhw,f/ &kwfw&ufawmh olwkdUocifu
'Dtwdkif;xm;ypfcJUvdkU jrif;ESpfaumifcrsm olwkdUa&SUa&; b,fvdk&SdygvdrfhvdkU pOf;pm;
pdk;&drfaeMuykHudk awGU&r,f/ aoaocsmcsmpOf;pm;MunfhawmhrS 'Djrif;ESpfaumif[m
tjcm;tjcm; v,f,mwd&pämeftm;vkH;eJUwuG v,f,mvkyfief;BuD;wpfckvkH;udk
udk,fpm; jyKaew,fvdkU odjrifvm&awmhw,f/ v,form;awGawmh NrdKUwuf
ukefMuNyD/ v,f,mawG b,foluvkyfMurSmwkef;vdkU uAsmq&mu pdk;&drfylyef
jyaewm jzpfw,f/ olU&JUa,bk,s pkd;&drfpdwfudk ba&mifvDqdkwJU v,form;
wpfa,muf&JUjzpf&yfozG,f wifpm;NyD; uAsmjyK xm;wm jzpfw,f/
t*FvefjynfrSm aus;&GmawGudk pGefUypfNyD; v,form;awG? txl;ojzifh
ba&mifvDudk v,form;vli,fawG NrdKUudkyJ wufaeMuwJUtwGuf v,f,m
vkyfief;awG vkyfr,fh udkifr,fhol enf;enf;vmaewJUtaMumif; pmtkyfpmwrf;awG
trsm;BuD;yJ xGufay:NyD;ygNyD/ rSwfrdoavmuf Akenfield, Deserted Villages
pwJU pmtkyfrsm;/ urÇmwpf0ef;vkH;rSm 'Dwdkif; BuKHawGUae&wmygyJ/
awmu NrdKUwufukefMuNyD/ v,f,mawG pGefUypfxm;cJUMuNyDqdkwJU
uaeUacwf&JU aMuuJGzG,fjzpf&yfuav;udk a&;zGJUxm;wJU uAsmwpfyk'fjzpfw,f/
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36
COUNTING THE MAD
This one was put in a jacket,
This on was sent home,
This one was given bread and meat
But would eat none,
And this one cried No No No No
All day long
This on looked at the window
As though it were a wall,
This one saw things that were not there,
This one things that were,
And this one cried No No No No
All day long.
This one thought himself a bird,
This one a dog
And this one thought himself a man,
An ordinary man,
And cried cried No No No No
All day long.
Donald Justice
t&l;rsm;udk a&wGufMunfhjcif;
tar&duef uAsmq&m&JUvuf&m jzpfygw,f/ uAsmudk wpfydk'frmS ajcmufyg'

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xm;wmuvGJvdkU bmnDnGwfrIrS r&Sdbl;/ rMwmrokH;? um&efr,lbl;/ pum;ajym

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acgif;pOf Counting the Mad u t&l;rsm;udk a&wGufMunfhjcif;ygwJU/
This one was put in a jacket 'Dwpfa,mufudk *sufuuf0wfay;xm;&
w,f/
This one was sent home 'Dwpfa,mufudk tdrfjyefvTwfvdkufw,f/
This one was given bread and meat 'Dwpfa,mufudk

aygifrkefUeJUtom; ay;w,f/
But would eat none 'gayr,fh bmrS rpm;acsbl;wJU/
And this one cried No No No No All day long 'Dwpfa,mufuawmh
wpfaeukef Edk;Edk;(r[kwfbl;)vdkUyJ atmfaeacsawmhw,f....wJU/
No qdkwJU t*Fvdyfpum;vkH;twGuf twdtusjyefqdkp&m jrefrm
pum;vkH;r&Sdbl;/ 'gaMumifh ]Edk; Edk; Edk; Edk;}vdkUyJ toHvS,fa&;vdkuf&w,f/ No

qdkwm jrefrmvdkrSmu ]r[kwfbl;}qdkvJ&? ]r&Sdbl;}qdkvJ&? ]rodbl;}qdkvJ &wmudk;/
jrefrmrSmawmh Yes om&SdNyD; (tif;?at;? No r&Sdbl;qdkwmudk bmompum;

avhvmolwdkif;odMuygw,f/ [kwfuJU uav;qefqefokH;r,fqdkvQifawmh
][ifhtif;}vdkUajymEdkifwmyav/
aemufwpfykd'f....
This one looked at the window as though it were a wall
'Dwpfa,mufuawmh jywif;aygufudk eH&HwpfckES,f Munfhaew,f/
This one saw things that were not there 'Dwpfa,mufuawmh
tJ'DrSmr&SdwJUt&mawGudk jrifaew,f/
This one things that were 'Dwpfa,mufuawmh

&SdwmawGudkjrifaew,f/ t*FvdyfrSm Bud,mudk 'kwd,tBudrfrSm
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And this one cried No No No No All day long 'Dwpfa,mufuawmh
wpfae ukef Edk;Edk;Edk;Edk;vkdUyJ atmfaeacsawmhw,f....wJU/ txuftydk'fu yg'udk

xyfaMumhxm; w,f/ t"dyÜm,f&Sdw,fvdkU em;vnf&r,f/
aemufwpfydk'fu...
This one thought himself a bird 'Dwpfa,mufu

olUudk,foliSufvdkUxifae w,f/
This one a dog 'Dwpfa,mufu acG;vdkUxifaew,f/ 'DrSmvJt*FvdyfvdkrSm
Bud,m udkxyfrqdkawmh? jrefrmrSmawmh ]xifaew,f}qdkwm xnhfay;&w,f/

And this one thought himself a man 'Dwpfa,mufu
olUudk,folvlvdkU xifaew,f/ (Bud,mudk rjrKyfawmhbJ tjynfhtpkHqdkxm;wmu
av;eufapcsifvdkU jzpfw,f/)
An ordinary man omrefvlvdkUyJ olUud,

k fol xifaewmyg/
olrsm;t&l;awG vdk olUud,
k foleydkvD,efrxifygbl;/
And cried and cried No No No No All day long NyD;awmhwpfaeukef
Edk;Edk;Edk;Edk; vdkUyJ atmfNyD;&if; atmfaeawmhw,f....wJU/ 0gusqufxm;ykHt&

Edk;Edk;atmfaeol[m omrefvlvdkU xifaeoljzpfaMumif; owdjyKygav/
tck wpfyk'fvkH;udk jrefrmvdk a&;csMunfhMu&atmif .....
t&l;rsm;udk a&wGufMunfhjcif;
'Dwpfa,mufudk *sufuuf 0wfay;xm;&?

'Dwpfa,mufudk tdrf jyefvTwfvdkuf&w,f/
'Dwpfa,mufudk aygifrkefUeJU tom;ay;ayr,fh
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'Dwpfa,muf jywif;aygufudk Munfhaew,f?

eH&HjzpfaewJU twdkif;yJ/
'Dwpfa,muftJ'DrSm r&SdwmawG jrifaew,f?
'Dwpfa,muf &SdwmawGudk/
'Dwpfa,mufuawmh Edk;Edk;Edk;Edk;atmfae
wpfaeukefygyJ/
'Dwpfa,muf olUudk,fol iSuf xifw,f?

'Dwpfa,mufuawmh acG;/
'Dwpfa,muf olUudk,fol vlvdkU xifaew,f?
omref vlygyJwJU/
NyD; Edk;Edk;Edk;Edk;atmfNyD;&if; atmfae
'Dwpfa,muf jywif;aygufudk Munfhaew,f?

eH&HjzpfaewJU twdkif;yJ/
'Dwpfa,muftJ'DrSm r&SdwmawG jrifaew,f?
'Dwpfa,muf &SdwmawGudk/
'Dwpfa,mufuawmh Edk;Edk;Edk;Edk;atmfae
wpfaeukefygyJ/
'Dwpfa,muf olUudk,fol iSuf xifw,f?
'Dwpfa,mufuawmh acG;/
'Dwpfa,muf olUudk,fol vlvdkU xifaew,f?
om
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tus,fcsJUpum;ajyjyefaep&mrvdkbJ ckvdk wdkuf&dkufbmomjyefjywmudk
zwfMunfh&ifyJ uAsm&JU oabmoGm;udk &dyfro
d d&SdavmufygNyD/ t&l;axmifxJu
t&l;awG&JU "mwfykH awGudkvm;? emrnfpm&if;udkvm; rodaxmufjyNyD; olwkdU
taMumif;? olwkdU&l;MuykHtaMumif; &Sif;jyaewmyg/ tuFsDr0wfwJU t&l;eJU?
tpmrpm;wJUt&l;eJU? tdrfjyefydkUvdkuf&wJUt&l;eJU? wpfaeukef Edk;Edk;Edk;Edk;
vdkUyJatmfaewJU t&l;eJU pkHaewmyJ/ jywif;aygufudk eH&Hvdkoabmxm;NyD;
MunfhaewJU t&l;vJ&Sdw,f/ tJ'Djywif;aygufrSm r&SdwmawGudk jrifwJUt&l;vJ
ygw,f/ &SdwmawGudkjrifwJUt&l;vJ awGU&w,f/ olUud,
k fol iSufxifwJUt&l;?
acG;xifwJU t&l;vJ&Sdw,f/ vlrS omrefvlwpfOD;ygvdkUxifwJU t&l;vJ &SdaMumif;
ygwJU/ oluyJ Edk;Edk;Edk;Edk; vdkUwpfaeukefatmfaewmygyJwJU/
'DaemufqkH;em;av;u pum;awG[m uRefawmfwkdUudk pOf;pm;p&m
jzpfapygawmhw,f/ [m-'g omreft&l;zGJUuAsm r[kwfygvm;vdkU &dyfrdvm&
awmhw,f/ tusøruyfwJU t&l;? tpmrpm;wJUt&l;? rjrif&wmudk jrif&w,f
xifwJUt&l;? udk,fhudk,fudk,f iSufxifwJU t&l;? acG;xifwJU t&l;qdkwm
omreft&l;awG&JU vu©PmyJvdkU qdkEdkifygw,f? 'gayr,fh udk,fhudk,fudk,f
vlomrefxifwJU t&l;uawmh t&l;r[kwfacsbl;/ vlaumif;yJvdkU pOf;pm; rdvm&
w,f/ 'DawmhrS ol(uAsmq&m)ajymcsifwmu uRefawmfwkdU tm;vkH;[m t&l;awG
csnf;yJvdkU ajymcsifwmygvm;vkdU odvm&awmhw,f/ 'DtqdktrdefU[m Ak'¨bmom
jrefrmawGtzkdUawmh rqef;aybl;/ ]ykxkZÆaem Or®wåaum} vdkUbk&m;a[m
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wpfaeukef Edk;Edk;Edk;Ekd;vdkU atmfae&wmuawmhaum/ 'gta&;BuD;qkH;tydkif;
jzpfvm ygNyD/ uRefawmfwkdU vlUb0rSm taygif;bufvdkUqdkwJU&wJU 0rf;omwm?
atmifjrifwm? tvdkjynfhwmeJU tEkwfbufodkUqdk&wJU 0rf;enf;wm?
ratmifjrifwm? tvdkrjynfhwm? b,f[mursm; ydkygovJ/ ],H ydpäH e vbwd}vdkU
bk&m;a[m&SdwJUtwdkif; r&wm? rjynfhwm ]e}awGuyJ rsm;aewm r[kwfvm;/
tJ'D yg|d]e}udk t*Fvdyfvd k No vdkUqdkwmygyJ? vlUb0qdkwm ]evbwd}ponfh

]e}awGcsnfhjynfhaewJUb0/
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42
THE SEED SHOP
Here in a quiet and dusty room they lie,
Faded as crumbled stone or shifting sand,
Forlorn as ashes, shrivelled, scentless, dry.
Meadows and gardens running through my hand.
In this brown husk a dale of hawthorn dreams;
A cedar in this narrow cell is thrust
That will drink deeply of a century's streams;
These lilies shall make summer on my dust.
Here in their safe and simple house of death,
Sealed in their shells, a million roses leap;
Here I can blow a garden with my breath,
And in my hand a forest lies asleep.
Muriel Stuart
rsKd;aphqdkif
uAsmzGJUenf;u av;yg'wpfydkif;/ wpfyg'rSm £trÁ*dkPf; ig;*dkPf;/ um&ef
a b a b pepf/
acgif;pOfu The Seed Shop ]rsKd;aphqdkif} ygwJU/ uAsmq&m(r)[m
rsKd;aphqdkifxJ0ifvmNyD; cif;usif;jyoxm;wJU rsKd;aphav;awGudk vufeJUudkifMunfh&if;
tawG;0ifvmrdykH a&;zGJUxm;wmyg/
Here in a quiet and dusty room 'Du NidrfqdwfzkefxlwJU tcef;xJrSm

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Faded as crumbled stone or shifting sand rGaMuaewJU
ausmufwkH;vdk? a&GUaewJU oJvdk ta&mifrSdefvsuf .....
Forlorn as ashes jymvdk txD;usefvsuf? ylaqG;vsuf ....
shrivelled &IHUwGvsuf .....
scentless &eHUrJUvsuf .....
dry aoGUajcmufvsuf ....
'kwd,eJU wwd,yg'u pum;vkH;rsm;[m rsKd;aphawGudk o&kyfazmfwJU

emr0daooe rsm;jzpfMuw,f/
Meadows and gardens running through my hand jrufcif;awG
O,smOfawG ighvufxJ ajy;qif;vmaeMuyguvm;/ (uAsmq&mu rsKd;aphawGudk

vufeJUudkifMunfhNyD; vufxJu pD;qif;usapw,f/)
aemufwpfydk'f-
In this brown husk 'DtndKa&mif tcGHxJrSm-
a dale of hawthorn dreams a[moGefyifwpfpif; tdyfrufrufaew,f/
(dale qdkwm valley eJUtwlwl awmifMum;? csKdifh0Srf;jzpfw,f/ vG,fatmif

wpfpif;vdkU jyefvdkuf wm/)
A cedar in this narrow cell is thrust qD'gyif wpfyifudk usOf;ajrmif;
wJU tcef;av;xJ ypfxm;w,f/

That will drink deeply of a century's streams &mpkESpfwpfck&JU
acsmif;rsm; udk eufeuf&Idif;&Idif;aomufypfr,fh (acsmif;a& jrpfa&awGudk

tESpfwpf&m aomufypfvdrfh r,fvdkU qdkvdkw,f/ qD'gyifqdkwmu anmifyifvdk
touf&Sifwmudk;)/ 'Dyk'fpku qD'gyif udknTef;w,f/ ]aomufypfr,fh qD'gyif}vdkU
qdkvdkw,f/
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These lilies shall make summer on my dust 'DESif;yef;av;awGu

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]ighajrrIefay:rSm} qdkwm ]ighNcHajrrSm}qdkwmxuf ]igaooGm;wJUtcg ighocFsdKif;rSm}vdkU
ydkqdkvdkw,f/
aemufqkH;tydk'f-
Here in their safe and simple house of death 'DuvkHNcKHwJU&dk;pif;wJU
aojcif; w&m;tdrfrSm/ (qdkifxJrSm rsKd;aphuav;awGtyifrayguf&bJ &Sdae&wmrdkU

aoae&wmyJ vdkUqdkvdkw,f/)
Sealed in their shells tcGHawGxJ avSmifydwfum
a million roses leap ESif;qDwpfoef;ckefaeMuw,f/

(tyifaygufcsifvGef;vdkU ckefxGufzkdU BudK;pm;aeMuw,f/)
Here I can blow a garden with my breath 'DrSm igO,smOfwpfckudk
yifhoufeJUrIwfxkwfEdkif&JU (xm0&bk&m;ocifu ajrudkrIwfNyD; vlzefqif;cJUwmeJU
EIdif;,SOfNyD; Thank you, ajymaewmyg/)
And in my hand a forest lies asleep ckawmh ighvufxJrSm

awmwpfawm tdyfaysmfaeygvm; (uAsmq&m[m opfaphawGudk
udkifMunfhaewmjzpfaMumif; owd&yg av/)
tck okH;ydk'fpvkH;udk a&;csMunfhMupdkU-
rsKd;aphqdkif
'DrSm Nidrfqdwf-zkefxl tcef;xJ avsmif;aeMu?

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jymvdk aqG;? &IHUwG? &eHUrJU? ajcmufaoGUoy-
jrufcif;eJU O,smOf ighvufxJ ajy;qif;oGm;/
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'DESif;yef;wkdU igh ajrrIefxuf aEG jyKruG,fh/
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tcGHxJ avSmifydwf ESif;qD wpfoef; ckefqG/
ig touf&SLxkwf O,smOf zefqif;Edkifwm?
igh vufxJ awmwpfawm tdyfaysmfaeoy/
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tif;-'Digh vufxJu rsKd;aphav;awG[m 'DrmS zkefxlxltcef;xJ NidrfqdwfvJavsmif;
ae&SmMuw,f/ ta&miftqif;rSdefrSdef? &IHU&IHUwGwG ajcmufaoGUvdUk yJ/ wu,fawmh
olwkdUwpfawG[m jrufcif;wpfcif; O,smOfwpfck jzpf&r,fh[mav;awGygvm;/
a[m'DtcGHu a[moGefyef;yif &JU taph? a[m'gu qD'gyiftaph? a[m'gu
ESif;yef; taph? a[m'gu ESif;qDtaphawG/ a[moGefyifav;awG ckawmh tdrfruf
rufae&SmMuxifh? qD'gaphuom tyifaygufvdkuf &vQif ESpfwpf&m pdrfhprf;a&awG
aomufypfrSm/ 'DESif;yef;av;awGudk ighocsKøif;*lrSm pdkufvdkuf& a0qmaerSmyJ/
ESif;qDaphav;awG[m yGifhcsifvGef;vkdU rsKd;aphxJu ckefxGufMu awmhra,mif/
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pOf;pm;tajz&Sm Munfhygbd/
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RICHARD CORY
Whenever Richard Cory went downtown,
We people on the pavement looked at him;
He was a gentleman from sole to crown,
Clean favoured, and imperially slim.
And he was always quietly arrayed,
And he was always human when he talked;
But still he fluttered pulses when he said,
Good morning, and he glittered when he walked.
And he was richyes, richer than a king
And admirably schooled in every grace;
In fine, we thought he was everything
To make us wish that we were in his place.
So on we worked, and waited for the light,
And went without the meat, and cursed the bread;
And Richard Cory, one calm summer night,
Went home and put a bullet through his head.
Edward Arlington Robinson
aysmfpH&dyfNidrf pnf;pdrfruGm
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b0udk pmzwfol? &IMunfhol qif;&Jom; oGm;&nfwrsm;rsm;usatmif a&;zGJU
o&kyfazmfwwfwm/
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rMumrMumxnfh oGif;azmfjycH&w,f/ t*Fvefu pmtkyf? tmz&duu pmtkyf/
ausmif;om;vli,fav;awGudk 'Ded,mrw&m;BuD;taMumif; i,fi,fuwnf;u
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olUuAsmudk zwfMunfhMu&atmif/
acgif;pOfu Richard Cory wJU/ vlemrnfjzpfygw,f/

Whenever Richard Cory went downtown &pfcs'faumf&DNrdKUxJudk
oGm;wJU tcgwdkif;
We people on the pavement yvufazmif;ay:u uRefawmfwkdUjynfol
awG[m (jrefrmvdkrSm ]yvufazmif;}vdkUac:wJU t&mudk t*Fvdyfv dk pavement
ac: wmudk owdjyKygav/ tar&duefu sidewald vdkUvnf; ac:ao;w,f/)
looked at him olUudk MunfhrdMuw,f/
He was a gentleman from sole to crown ol[m

ajczsm;uacgif;txd (ajcqkH;acgif;qkH; wpfudk,fvkH;)vlBuD;vlaumif;? rGefrGef&nf&nf
vlwpfa,muf jzpfw,f/
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jzpfw,f/
and imperially slim rif;pdk;&mZm[efyef oG,fvsw,f/ (rif;nDrif;om;
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And he was always quietly arrayed ol[m tNrJwrf;
wnfwnfNidrfNidrf 0wfpm;qif,ifavh&Sdw,f/
And he was always human ol[m tNrJwrf; vlqefw,f/

vlyDow,f/
When he talked ol pum;ajymwJUtcg (tNrJwrf; vlqefygw,f/

armufarmfrmrm r[kwfbl;/ r&dkif;ysbl;/)
But 'gayr,f h
still (vlqefqefpum;ajymwm) awmifrSy J
he fluttered pulses (olwpfzufom;&JU) aoG;ckefEIef;udk

vIyf&Sm;x<uapw,f/ &ifckefapw,f/ (b,fawmhvJ? qufzwf)
when he said, 'Good morning' olu *G'farmeif;vdkU
EIwfqufvdkufwJUtcg (&ifckefapw,f) (rpöwmaumf&Du olaX;rkdUvdkUqdkNyD;
armufrmjcif;r&SdbJ ,Of,Ofaus;aus; csKdcsKdomom EIwfqufygw,f/ 'gayr,fh
EIwfqufcH&ol qif;&Jom;rsm;rSmawmh tJovdk EIwfqufvdkufwmeJUyJ
&ifckefMu&ygowJU/)
and he glittered when he walked olvrf;avQmufoGm;wJUtcg
ta&mifNydK;NydK; jyufjyufeJU? usufoa&&SdvSw,f/

And he was rich olydkufqH csrf;omw,f/
yes, richer than a king [kwfuJU? bk&ifwpfyg;xufudkyJ csrf;omygw,f/
And admirably schooled in every grace ,Ofaus;zG,f&mrIwdkif;udk
csD;usL; pzG,f jrwfEdk;pzG,f wwfajrmufuRrf;usifw,f/
In fine NcKHajym&&ifawmh? ed*kH;csKyfajym&&ifawmh
we thought uRefawmfwdkU (qif;&Jom;awG) xifrdcJUMuw,f/

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that we were in his place igwkdUom olUae&mrSm a&mufae&&if?
igwdkUom olvdkqdk&if (aumif;rSmyJvdkU uRefawmfwUdk vdkvm;awmifhwrdapwJU

t&m[lorQ olUrSm&Sdae w,f? olyJ uRefawmfwdkU tm;usp&mjzpfaew,f/)
so 'DvdkeJU
on we worked uRefawmfwdkU tvkyfqufvkyfMuw,f/ udk,fhtvkyfudk,f
qufvkyfaecJUMuw,f/ vufvkyfvufpm;awGudk;/
and waited for the light tvif;a&mifudk apmifhpm;aecJUMuw,f/ ckvdk
qif;qif;&J&Jae&wJU b0uae vGwfuif;NyD; wpfaeUcsrf;omvmEdk; apmifharQmf

aecJUMu w,f/
and went without the meat tom;rygbJ pm;aomufaexdkifcJUMu&
w,f/ (]rk&if;xrif;? csOfaygif[if;eJU qefwGif;u eufvGef;vdkU}- a&onfjyZmwf?

OD;ykn)
and cursed the bread aygifrkefUudk usdefqJrdMuw,f/
(tom;[if;rygavawmh aygifrkefUcsnf;pm;&wm t&om r&SdvdkU qJa&;wm/
aygifrkefUudk,fwdkifuvnf; tnHUpm; jzpfaewmaMumifh usdefqJrdwmjzpfygvdrfhrnf/
OD;ykn&JU ]aumufvsifBuD;qef eDwmvJ}udk owd&p&m jzpfw,f/)
'Dtxd tydk'ftm;jzifh okH;ydk'fcGJwdwd qif;&Jom;rsm;u &pfcs'faumf&Dudk
tm;usrdykH rsm;udkcsnf; tom;ay; zGJUvmwmudk owdjyKygav/ aemufqkH;tydk'f0uf
(ESpfyg'tvdkrSmrS ....) a&;zGJUvdkufwmu-
And Richard Cory 'DvdkeJU &pfcs'faumf&D[m-
one calm summer night NidrfqdwfwJU aEG&moD nwpfnrSm
Went home and tdrfjyefoGm;um
put a bullet through his head olUOD;acgif;xJ

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uAsmudk zwfNyD;wmeJU ay:vmwJUar;cGef;uawmh Opöm"e[m
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tcsufwpfcsufuawmh vlqdkwmtxifeJUtjrif vJGwwfygvm;/ udk,fxifovdk
r[kwfygvm;qdkwmyJ jzpfw,f/ &pfcs'f aumf&DrSm tppjynfhpkHw,f/ vlwdkif;u
(qif;&Jom;wdkif;u) olUvdk jzpfcsifMuw,f/ tm;us Muw,f/ 'gayr,fh
acsmufcsm;pzG,f ed*kH;csKyfvdkufykHu ol[mjzifh xif&ovdk r[kwfyg vm;qdkwmudk
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oauFweJU abab vdkU azmfjy&w,f/)
&pfcs'faumf&D
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yvufazmif;ay:u wkdUawG MunfhrdMu?
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ROAD TO LACOVIA
This is a long, forbidding road, a narrow
hard aisle of asphalt under
a high gothic arch of bamboos.
Along it a woman drags a makeshift barrow
in slanting rain, and thunder:
a thin woman who wears no shoes.
This is St. Elizabeth, a hard parish
to work; but when you are born
on land, you want to work that land.
Nightfall comes here swift and harsh and deep, but
garish
flames of lightning show up torn
cheap clothing barely patched, and
a face patterned by living. Every sharp line
of this etching has the mark
of struggle. To the eye, unyielding
bleak earth has brought her close to famine;
yet through this wild descent of dark
this woman dares to walk, and sing.
A.L.Hendriks
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EdkifiHwumrSmvJ 'Dvdk zGJUMuwmygyJ/ tck u&pfbd,H(yifv,f)a'oqDu qif;&Jolr
wpfOD;&JU o&kyfudk uAsmq&m [if;'&pfuf zGJUxm;ykHudk zwfMunfhMu&atmif/
acgif;pOfu Road to Lacovia wJU/ ]vmaumAD,NrdKUudk oGm;wJUvrf;}aygh/

'Dvdkacgif;pOfwyfxm;ayr,fh vrf;taMumif;xuf vrf;ay:rSm awGU&wJU qif;&Jolr
taMumif;om jzpfw,fqdkwmudk uAsmzwfMunfh&if awGU&vdrfhr,f/
This is a long, forbidding road .... 'g[m &Snfvsm;

tEå&m,frsm;r,fh toGif aqmifaewJU vrf;wpfvrf;ygyJ/
a narrow, hard aisle of asphalt....
usOf;ajrmif;rmausmwJUuwå&mvrf; uav;ygwJU/ ('Dae&mrSm

wpfaMumif;wnf;&SdaewJU under udk r,lwmudk owdjyKygav/
EdkifiHjcm;uAsmawGrSm 'DvdkyJvkyfwwfw,f/ wpfyg'[m t"dyÜm,f&Sdpum;wpfck
[kwfcsifrS [kwfr,f/)
under a high gothic arch of bamboos .... 0g;yifawG&JU

a*goduckH;jrifhjrifh atmufrSm/ (taemufOa&myrSm 12-16 &mpkESpfrsm;u
acwfpm;cJUwJU Adokumtwwfudk ]a*godu[ef}vdkU ac:Muw,f/ ckH;BuD;awG?
wdkif;vkH;BuD;awGeJU bk&m;ausmif; pwJU taqmufttkHawG wnfMuw,f/
tck0g;yifawG tyifcsif;,SufNyD; ckH;BuD;? rkcf0BuD;vdk jzpfaewmudk zGJUxm;wm/)
Along it 'Dvrf;ay:rSm
a woman drags a makeshift barrow rdef;rwpfa,muf[m

jzpfuwwfqef; vkyfxm;wJU wGef;vSnf;uav;udk qGJoGm;w,f/
in slanting rain, and thunder rdk;pufwef;awG apGapGapmif;apmif;
&GmaewJUrdk;xJ? w*sKH;*sKH; rdk;csKef;oHxJrSm (vSnf;udk qGJoGm;w,f/)

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a thin woman who wears no shoes .... zdeyfrpD;wJU ydefyefyg;yg;

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rdef;r wpfa,mufygwJU/
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'DrSm yxtydk'f qkH;oGm;ygw,f/ Murf;wrf;usOf;ajrmif;wJUvrf;ay: rdk;&GmBuD;
xJ rdef;rwpfa,mufvSnf;uav; qJGoGm;aewmudk rD;armif;xdk;jyvdkufw,f/
'DvdktEå&m,f xlajymr,fh tajctaersKd;rSm rdef;ru ydefydefuav;? zdeyfvJ
rygbl;qdkwm aemufqkH; yg'rSmawGUvdu
k f&awmh zwf&ol &ifxdwf&NyD/
'kwd,tydk'f-
This is St. Elizabeth.... 'g qEå (yg|d]oEå}eJU twlwl) tJvdZmbJw
(t*Fvdyf ]tDvDZbufof})ygyJwJU/ a'otrnfjzpfw,f/
a hard parish to work .... tvkyfvkyf&wm cufcJwJU a'oaygh/
(olydkifbk&m; ausmif;eJU &SdwJUe,fajrudk t*Fvdyfu parish vdkUac:w,f/)
but when you are born on and .... 'gayr,fhajray:rSm arG;zGm;
vmavawmh
you want to work that land... 'DajryJ vkyfpm;csifawmhwmyJ/
Nightfall comes here ... 'Da'orSm n usa&mufvmw,f/
swift and harsh and deep ... jrefjref&ufpufMurf;MuKwf?

eufeuf&Idif;&Idif; (nus a&mufwwfw,f/)
but 'gayr,fh ('DvdkMurf;wrf;wJUnusa&mufvmNyD jzpfayr,fh)
garish flames of lightning show up xdefxdefnD;nD; vQyfrD;vQHwkdUu
jyvdkuf w,f (vQyfa&mifxJrSm jrif&wmuawmh)

torn cheap clothing barely patched rzmEdkifrax;Edkif pkwfjywfaewJU
taygpm; t0wftpm; (0wfxm;wmudk vQyfa&mifxJrSm jrif&w,f/)

and NyD;awmh
'Dae&mrSm 'kwd,tydk'f qkH;oGm;w,f/ pmom;t"dyÜm,fuawmh

rqkH;ao;bl;/ aemufwwd,tydk'fqD ul;oGm;w,f/
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a face patterned by living toufarG;0rf;ausmif;tvkyfu ykHazmfay;

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Every sharp line of this etching 'DykHxJu xif;aewJU ta&;taMumif;
wdkif;[m (jrefrmvdkrSmawmh ]ykH}yJ ajymEdkifygw,f/ etching qdkwmu owåKjym;ay:

oHcRefeJU a&;jcpfxm;wJUykHudk ajymwm/ 'Dawmhb0u xkaxmif;xm;wJU
'Pf&m'Pfcsuf ta&;taMumif;udk o&kyfazmf&mrSm tifrwef tm;aumif;wJU
edrdwfykH jzpfoGm;ygw,f/)
has the mark of struggle &kef;&uef&wJU b0&JU trSwftom;udk
aqmifaew,f/
To the eye jrif&oltzkdUawmh? Munfh&wmuawmh
unyielding bleak earth acgif;rmvSwJU ajrBuD;yvm[m
(unyieldingqdkwm rvdkufavsmwwfbl;? acgif;rmw,fvdkUt"dyÜm,f&w,f/

bmrSr&SdwJUajrBuD;u bmrS rxGufwmudkyJ acgif;rmwJU ajrBuD;vdkU ajymwmyg/)
has brought her close to famine olUudk iwfwJUem;xd

aqmifusOf;ay;cJU w,f? iwfrwwfjzpfapcJUw,f/
yet 'gayr,hfvdkU
through this wild of a dark ckvdk tarSmifxk&dkif;&dkif;

pdkif;pdkif;qif;oufvmpOf? 'DtarSmifxJrSm
this woman dares to walk, and sing 'Drdef;r vrf;avQmuf&J?

oDcsif;qdk &Jyavw,f....wJU/
uAsmwpfyk'fvkH;udk zwfNyD;wJUtcg tqkH;em;rSm tarSmifxJ rdef;r

vrf;avQmuf&J? oDcsif;qkd&Jayw,fqdkwm wu,fvrf;ay:rSm jrif&wmudk
ajymwmvm;? wifpm;NyD; ajymaewmvm;? pOf;pm;csifcsif jzpfvmw,f/ &dk;&dk;
]vrf;avQmuf}wmudkwif Munfhajymae wmr[kwfbJ qif;&JrGJawrIqdkwJU
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tarSmifb0xJ c&D;Murf;ESifaewmudkrsm; qdkvdk&dyf&Sdav a&mhvm; pOf;pm; rdvm&

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tck jrefrmvdkcsnfh uAsmudk a&;csMunfhMu&atmif-

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vmaumAD,udk oGm;&mvrf;
'g &Snfvsm;? tEå&m,frsm;wJU vrf;? 0g;yif

a*godu ckH;jrifhBuD;atmuf usOf;ajrmif;?
rmausmwJU uwå&mvrf;uav;/
rdef;rwpfa,muf jzpfuwwfqef; vSnf;av; qGJoGm;?
apGapmif;rdk;xJ? rdk;csKef;oHxJrSm/
zdeyfrpD;wJU rdef;rydefydefwpfOD;/
'g qef tJvdZbJw? tvkyfvkyf&wm

cufcJwJUt&yfy? 'gayr,fh ajray: arG;cJU&awmhvJ?
'Dajray:yJ tvkyfvkyfcsifwmaygh/
n jrefjref? Murf;Murf;? eufeuf usw,f? vQyf&JU
rD;vQH&J&JwdkU xGef;jyvdkufMu&JU- rzmax;
EdkifwJU pkwfjywft0wftpm;? NyD;awmh

0rf;pma&;u ykHazmfxm;wJUrsufESm/ 'DykH&JU
ta&;taMumif; xif;xif;wdkif;[m &kef;uef&wm&JU
trSwftom;/ Munfh&wmawmh acgif;rmvSwJU
AvmajrBuD;[m olUudktiwfab;em; ac:cJUNyD/
'gayr,fh 'D&dkif;pdkif;tarSmif usqif;aewJUxJ
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TIME AND MOTION STUDY
Slow down the film. and You see that bit.
Seven days old. and no work done.
Two hands clutching nothing but air,
Two legs kicking nothing but air.
That yell. That's wasted energy there.
No use to himself, no good for the firm.
Make a note of that.
New film. Now look, now he's fourteen.
Work out the energy required
To make him grow that tall.
It could have been used
It could have all been used
For the good of the firm and he could have stayed small.
Make a note of that.
Age thirty. And the waste continues
Using his legs for walking. Tiring
His mouth with talking and eating. Twitching.
Slow it down. Reproducing? I see.
All, I suppose, for the good of the firm.
But he'd better change methods. Yes, he'd better.
Look at the waste of time and emotion.
Look at the waste. Look. Look.
And make a note of that.
om
Adrian Mitchell
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&kyf0g'orm;&JU&Iaxmifh
uAsm&JUacgif;pOf Time and Motion Study qdkwmu ]tcsdefeJUa&GUvsm;rI

avhvvmcsuf}vdkUjzpfw,f/ odyÜHokH;EIef;xm;wmyJvdkU em;vnfvdkuf&w,f/ uAsmudk
qufzwfMunfhMu&atmif/
Slow down the film zvifudk aES;vdkufygwJU/ trdefUay;aewmjzpfw,f/
wpfpkH wpfOD;u &kyf&Sifjypufudk udkifaew,f/ tJ'DvludkvSrf;NyD; trdefUay;

vdkufwmvdkU cefUrSef;& w,f/
You see that bit tJ'D tydkif;tpav;udk jrifw,fr[kwfvm;wJU/ ]tydkif;
tpav;}qdkawmh oufrJU&kyf0w¦KwpfckvdkU xifrdcsifp&mjzpfw,f/

Seven days old ckESpf&ufom;
and no work done bmtvkyfrS rNyD;ajrmufbl;/ 'Dyk'fpk ESpfckvkH;rSm o'´g
enf;t& 0gust*Fgrajrmufwmudk owdjyKyg/ He is seven days old, no work

has been done vdkU o'´genf;usus &Sdoifhw,f/ tckvdk twdkcsKH;ajymaewJU
oabmu rSwfpkoabmaqmifw,f/ tcsdefodyfrjzKef;vdkbl;/ vdk&if;yJ wdkwkd&Sif;&Sif;

ajymcsif w,fvkdU em;vnf&w,f/ atmufrSmvJ tvm;wlajymwmrsm;
awGUygvdrfhr,f/
Two hands clutching nothing but air vufESpfbufu avuvJGvdkU
bmrS r&Sdwmudk qGJudkifaew,f/
Two legs kicking nothing but air ajcESpfacsmif;u avuvJGvdkUbmrS
r&Sdwmudk uefausmufaeMuw,f/
That yell tJ'D wtm;[pfatmfidkvdkufwJU toH/ tckxd qufzwfvdkuf

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awmhrS olajymaewm oufrJUt&m0w¦Kr[kwfbJ uav;i,fwpfa,mufygvm;vdkU

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That's wasted energy there 'g pGrf;tifudk jzKef;wD;aewmyJ jzpfw,f
(tJovdk atmfidkaewmj[m pGrf;tifudk jzKef;wD;aewmyJjzpfw,f/)
No use to himself oludk,fwdkif twGufvnf; tokH;r0if
no good for the firm ukrÜPDtwGufvnf; tusKd;r&S d
Make a note of that 'gudk rSwfom;xm;yg/
'Dyxr wpfykd'fvkH;[m arG;uif;p uav;i,fyJvdkU odMu&w,f/
New film zviftopf
Now look a[mMunfhprf;
Now he's fourteen ol tck q,fhav;ESpfom; &SdNyD
Work out the energy pGrf;tifudk wGufcsufMunfhprf;

(bmtwGufpGrf;tifvJ qufzwf)
required to make him grow that tall olUud'

k DrQavmufxdt&yfjrifh
(xGm;usKdif;)vmatmif vkyfay;zdkU vdktyfwJU (pGrf;tifudk wGufcsufMunfhprf;)
It could have been used 'gudk ('DpGrf;tifudk)okH;cJUEdkifayvdrfhr,f
It could have all been used 'gtm;vkH;udk okH;cJUEdkifayvdrfhr,f

(b,fvdkokH;cJU rSmvJ? qufzwf)
For the good of the firm ukrÜPD&JU tusKd;twGuf (okH;cJUEdkifay;vdrfhr,f)
and he could have stayed small olao;ao;auG;auG;yJ aecJUEdkifom;yJ
(t&yf xGm;&mrSm okH;cJU&wJU pGrf;tifawGudk ukrÜPDtusKd;twGuf okH;cJU&if

&om;yJ? oluawmh rxGm;awmhbJ ykuGuGav;yJ aecJU&rSmayghav)
Make a note of that 'gudkrSwfom;xm;yg/
'kwd,tydk'fuawmh 14 ESpfom;zGJUjzpfygw,f/
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Age thirty toufokH;q,f
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And the waste continues jzKef;wD;rI qufvufjzpfaew,f/

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Using his legs for walking vrf;avQmufzdkUtwGuf
olUajcaxmufawGudkokH;wm
Tiring his mouth with talking and eating pum;ajymum
tpmpm;um eJU olUyg;pyfudk armyef;apwm/
Twitching wGefUvdrfh&IHUwGae
Slow it down aES;vdkufprf;
Reproducing? rsKd;jyefUyGm;a&;vkyfaewmvm;
I see ? 'Dvdkudk; [kwfNyD/
All, I suppose, for the good of the firm

tm;vkH;[mukrÜPDtusKd;twGuf yJvdkU xifw,f/
But he'd change methods 'gayr,fh olUenf;pepfawGudk
ajymif;&ifydkaumif;r,f/
Yes, he'd better [kwfw,f? (ajymif;&if)aumif;r,f
Look at the waste of time and emotion tcsdefawG? pdwfvIyf&Sm;rI
awG jyKef;wD;vdkuf&wm MunfhygOD;

Look at the waste jyKef;wD;vdkuf&wmMunfhygOD;
Look. Look. MunfhygOD;/ MunfhygOD;/ (awmfawmhfudk ESmarsmwordykHudk

ay:vGif apcsifvdkU pum;vkH;awGudk xyfausmhxm;w,f)
And make a note of that 'gudk rSwfom;xm;ygOD;
udkif;-tck uAsmwpfyk'fvkH;udk jrefrmvdk csa&;MunfhMu&atmif/

rl&if;uAsmu acwfay:uAsmwdkU wHxGm? rMwmpepf? um&efpepfudk rokH;bJ
vGwfvyfuAsm (Vers libre) ykHpHjzpfygw,f/ 'Dawmh 'Dtwdkif;a&;csMu&kHygyJ/

toHoGm; toHvmudkawmh qifjcif &wmayghav/
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tcsdefeJUa&GUvsm;rIavhvmcsuf
zvifudk aES;vdkufprf;? tJ'DOpömav; jrifw,fr[kwfvm;/
ckESpf&ufom;&SdNyD;? bmtvkyfrS rNyD;bl;/
vufESpfbuf avuvGJ bmrSr&Sdwmudk vSrf;qkyfae/
ajcESpfacsmif; avuvGJ bmrSr&Sdwmudk uefausmufae/
tJ'DatmfidkoH/ 'g pGrf;tif jyKef;wD;wmyJ/
oludk,fwdkiftzdkU tokH;r0if/ ukrÜPDtwGufvJ tusKd;r&Sd/
tJ'gudk rSwfom;/
zvifopf/ a[mMunfh? a[m q,fhav;ESpf&SdNyD/

ol 'Davmuf xGm;vmzdkU vdktyfwJU
pGrf;tifudkwGufMunfh/
ukrÜPt
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tukef okH;EdkifcJUwmyJ?
ol ao;auG;aecJUvdkU &Edkifom;yJ/
tJ'gudk rSwfom;/
toufokH;q,f/ jyKef;wD;rI qufNrJ/

vrf;avQmufzdkU ajcaxmufawGokH;ae/ pum;ajymum
tpmpm;wmeJU yg;pyfudkanmif;ap/ wGefUvdrfh&IHUwGae/
aES;vdkufprf;/ rsKd;jyefUyGm;a&;wJUvm;/ [kwfNyD/
ukrÜPt
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'gayr,fh enf;pepfajymif;&ifaumif;r,f/ ajymif;&r,f/
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tptqkH; awmufavQmuf zwfMunfhvdkufw,fqdk&ifyJ? &kyf&Sifjy&if;

wpfpkHwpfOD;u pum;ajymaew,fqdkwmudk odomygvdrfhr,f/ &kyf&Sif&kHxJrSm
jywmr[kwfbJ tcef;wpfcef; (pnf;a0;cef;r)rSm oD;oefUjyaewmvdkUvJ odr,f/
aES;apcsifwJUtcg ]aES;vdkufprf;}vdkU trdefUay;aewm awGU&wmudk;/ ukrÜPDqdkwJU
pum;udkvJ rMumrMumawGU&awmh ukrÜPD vlBuD;awG pnf;a0;&if; avhvmp&m
taMumif;t&mwpfckudk jypufi,fav;eJU &kyf&SifjyNyD; aqG;aEG; avhvmaeMuwm
jzpfr,fvdkU cefUrSef;Edkifao;w,f/ ukrÜPr
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wpfOD;ucsnfh a0zefokH;oyfjyaeykHyg/ ( Firm qdkwJU t*Fvdyfpum;vkH;udk
]ukrÜP}D vdkU tvG,fokH;vdkufygw,f/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;ponfvkyfwJU ]tzGJU}vdkU
jyefvJ&rSmyg yJ/)
olwkdU Munfh&IokH;oyfaeMuwJU &kyf&Sifum;wdkav;u vlwpfa,muf&JUb0udk
&dkuful; xm;wJU um;yg/ t"du okH;ydkif;cGJxm;w,f/ (1) uav;? (2) vli,f? (3)
vlvwf&,fvdkU jzpfw,f/ wpfydkif;rSm a0zefokH;oyfcsuf wpfckus uAsmokH;ydk'f
zGJUxm;wmygyJ/
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vufuav;awG eJU vSrf;qGJ? ajcaxmufuav;awG uefum? ausmufumeJU/
'gudkyJ yk*¾dKvfBuD;u ]bm tvkyfrS vkyfrNyD;bl;}vdkUrSwfcsufcsw,fav/ uav;u
tl0Jtl0JeJU pl;pl;&S&S atmf[pfidk a<u;vdkufawmhvJ ]pGrf;tifjyKef;wD;wmyJ}vdkU
a0zefw,f/ uav;udk,fwdkiftzdkUvJtokH; r0if/ ukrÜPDtwGufvJ tusKd;r&Sd
ygbl;wJU/ 'Dyk*¾dKvfBuD;&JUtjrifrSmolwkdU pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; atmifjrifa&;qdkwJU ta&;
udpöwpfckyJ &Sdaew,fqdkwmudk odMu&w,f/
'kwd,jyuGif;u 14 ESpfom;t&G,f vkvifi,faoG;&JUykH jzpfygw,f/
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aumif;rvJwJU/ tJovdkpGrf;tifawGudk ukrÜPDltusKd;twGufokH;cJU&if oli,fav;
awmh rBuD;xGm;bJ aecJUrSmayghav/ ao;ao; auG;auG;yJ &Sdyapaygh/ &om;yJ
vdkUrSwfcsufcsygw,f/
'DvkdeJU qufjyvdkufwm wwd,jycif;rSm uRefawmfwkdU Zmwfvdkuf[mtouf
30 t&G,fa&mufvmygNyD/ olUvIyf&Sm;rIawGudk MunfhNyD;yk*¾dKvfBuD;u ]jyKef;wD;rIawG
qufvkyf aew,f}vdkU a0zefw,f/ vrf;avQmufoGm;&if; ajcaxmufawGudk
okH;aewm? pum;ajym &if;? tpmpm;&if; yg;pyfudkanmif;atmif vkyfaewmawG[m
pGrf;tifudk jyKef;wD;rIawGyJ wJU/ 'Dvdk a0zefaewkef; Zmwfvdkuf&JU wGefUvdrf
&IHUwGaeykHudk jrif&awmh pdwf0ifpm;oGm;[ef eJU zvifudk taES;cdkif;vdkufw,f/
]'gbmvkyfaewmvJ}vdkU ar;vdkufawmh? vufaxmuf okawoet&m&Sd wpfOD;u
]rsKd;jyefUyGm;a&;vkyfaewmyg}vdkU ajzvdkufykH&w,f/ 'gaMumifh ]rsKd;jyefUyGm;a&;
vkyfaewmvm;? [kwfNyD? oabmaygufNyD? 'gukrÜPDtusKd;yJ? aumif;w,f} vdkU
rSwfcsufcsygw,f/ NyD;awmh qufNyD;rSwfcsufcsjyefw,f/ ]enf;edosnf;udkawmh
ajymif;rS jzpfvdrfhr,f? tckenf;u tcsdefawG pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIawG jyKef;wD;
aewmyJ}wJU/ cspfolukd &SmykH? cspfa&;qdk&ykH? cspfoleJUvGJ&if pdwfqif;&J&ykH?
cspfoleJUawGUawmhpdwfvIyf&Sm;&ykHwdkUudk MunfhNyD; a0zefaewm jzpfygvdrfhr,f/
'DvdktcsdefrjzKef;bJ? pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIrjzpf&bJ vdk&if;a&mufwJU enf;r&Sdbl;vm;wJU/
odyÜHynmeJU pufrIvkyfief;wdk;wufvmwJU wdkif;jynfrsm;rSm 'D odyÜHynm
wdk;wuf a&;? pufrIvkyfief; zGHNzdK;a&;udkyJ yifr&,fvdkU jrifvmMuum tjcm;tjcm;
pdwfydkif;wefzdk; awGudk ab;csdwfvmwwfMuygw,f/ 'Dvdk odyÜH-pufrI wdk;wufa&;
tjrifoufoufudk &kyf0g' ( materialism) vdkU ac:w,f/ (uGefjrLepfawG&JU
pdwfeJUwuG b0wpfckvkH;&JU tajccH[m &kyfjzpfw,fqdkwJU t,ludkvJ
&kyf0g'yJac:w,f/ pum;vkH;wlayr,fh t"dyÜm,f wjcm;pD/ &kyf0g' tjrifBuD;xGm;
om
vmcJU&if arwåm? u&kPmpwJU vlUavmurSm tpOftvm &SifoefvmcJUwJU

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pdwfydkif;wefzdk;awG qkwf,kwfvmEdkifykHudk uAsmq&m at;'&D,efrpfcsJvf u

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oa&mfajymifavSmifvdkufwmjzpfw,f/
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CONSEQUENCES
He was good, the man, sure
as his hoe and his plough.
He didn't even have time
to dream while he slept.
He was poor to the point of sweat
He was worth a single horse.
His son today is very proud
and is worth a number of cars.
He speaks with a senator's voice,
he walks with ample step,
has forgotten his peasant father
and discovered ancesters,
he thinks like a fat newspaper,
makes money night and day
is important even asleep.
The sons of the son are many,
they married some time ago.
They do nothing, but they consume.
They're worth thousands of mice.
The sons of the sons of son
om
what will they make of the world?
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Will they turn out good or bad?
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Worth flies or worth wheat?
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you don't want to answer me.
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66
But the questions do not die.
Pablo Neruda
Translated by Alastair Read
pdk;aESmifhrdw,f
csDvDEdkifiHu uAsmq&mBuD; ygbvdk ae&l'gudk uAsm0goemygwJU jrefrm

y&dowf &if;ESD;NyD; jzpfw,f/ uRefawmf&JU ]]xif;&SL;yif&dyf}}rSm olUuAsmtcsKdUudk
bmomjyefxnfhoGif;cJUw,f/ wjcm;yk*¾dKvfrsm;vJ olUuAsmtcsKdUudk bmomjyefzl;
Muygw,f/ tck olUuAsm wpfyk'fudk t*Fvdyfvdku wpfqifh wifqufvdkufygw,f/
t*Fvdyfvdk bmomjyefolu tJvpwm &dwf'fyg/
Consequences aemifjzpfay:vmr,fh tusKd;w&m;rsm;? tusKd;qufrsm;/
He was good, the man wu,fuawmh ykHre

S fpma&;ovdk a&;&&if The
man was good vdkU&Sd&rSmjzpfw,f/ ol[m

vlawmfvlaumif;wpfa,mufjzpfw,fvdkU qdkvdkwm ygyJ/
Sure as his hoe and his plough olUaygufwl;vdk

olUx,fvdkyJpdwfcs&w,f? ydkifydkif EdkifEdkif vkyfudkifwwfw,f/
He didn't even have time tcsdefawmifr&Sdawmhbl;

(bmtwGuftcsdefr&Sd wmvJ? qufzwf)
to dream while he slept tdyfaewkef; tdyfrufrufzdkU
(tcsdefawmifr&Sdbl;)/ uRefawmfwkdUu tvkyf&Iyfwmudk
om
]],m;vdkUawmifrukwftm;bl;}}vdkU ajymMuw,f/ olu tdyfrufawmif

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rruftm;bl;qdkawmh ydkxdrdygw,f/
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He was poor to the point sweat acR;xGuf&avmufatmif qif;&J

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He was worth a single horse ol[m jrif;wpfaumifwefw,f/
olUwefzdk;u jrif;wpfaumif jzpfw,f/ (uRefawmfwUdk qDrSmawmh rdef;uav;&JU
wefzdk;udkyJ ]]odef;wefwJUar}}ponfjzifh okH;EIef;avh&Sdw,f? ausmufrsufudkvnf;
]]jynfwefwJUiarmuf}} pojzifhajymMuw,f? a,mufsm;udkawmh b,favmuf
wefw,fvdkU ajymavhr&Sdbl;)
His son today is very proud 'DaeU (acwfrSm) olUom;uawmh
tifrwef rmeBuD;aew,f/
and is worth a number of cars um;okH;av;pD;wefw,f/ (uRefawmfwkdU
qDrSm wdkufwpfvkH; um;wpfpD; wifawmif;&w,fqdkwmeJU ,SOfMunfh)
He speaks with a senator's voice ol[m qif;edwfvTwfawmftrwf&JU
avoHeJU pum;ajymw,f/ wu,fqif;edwftrwfjzpfaeNyDvm;awmh rod&?

olwkdUqDrSm aiGcsrf;omvm&if trwf0ifa&G;avh&SdMuwmygyJ?
he walks with ample step {&mr ajcvSrf;usJusJBuD;eJU
vrf;avQmufavh&Sdw,f/
has forgotten his peasant father olUtaz

v,form;BuD;udkarhypfvdkuf NyD
and discovered ancestors &SmazGod&Sd&wJU bdk;ab;bDbifwkdUudkvnf;
arhypfvdkufNyD (olwkdUqDrSm udk,fhbdk;ab;pOfqufudk rod&if okawoevkyfNyD;

&SmazGay;wJU tzGJUawG&Sdygw,f/ aiGaMu;wwfEdkifolrsm;u tJovdk t&Smcdkif;
avh&Sdw,f)
He thinks like a fat newspaper owif;pmtxlBuD;vdk

pOf;pm;awG;awmw,f (olwkdUqDu pmrsufESm 50-60yg owif;pmrsm;udk
awGUzl;ygvdrfhr,f? aMumfjimawGu trsm;pkrdkU xlaewmygyJ? a&;jyefawmhvnf;
om
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aqmif;yg;ponf[m NyD;pvG,frsKd;awGjzpfae wwfw,f/ 'gaMumifh ]]owif;pm

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txlBuD;vdk pOf;pm;w,f}} qdkwm aiG&a&;yJ pOf;pm;w,f? rav;eufbl;}}vdkU

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qdkvdkw,f)
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makes money night and day na&maeUyg 0ifaiGvrf; ajzmifhaew,f
is important even asleep tdyfaewkef;rSmawmif ta&;ygt&ma&muf
aew,f
The sons of the son are many om;&JU om;awGu trsm;BuD;/
ydkufqH&Sdawmh rdef;rawG wpfa,mufNyD; wpfa,muf ,l? om;awGtrsm;BuD;

arG;ayghav
They married some time ago olwkdU(om;awG)vJ
wavmutdrfaxmifjyKMu w,f
They do nothing olwdkUbmtvkyfrS rvkyfbl;? olaX;om;awGudk;
but they consume 'gayr,fh pm;okH;wwfw,f? okH;w,f? jzKef;w,fvdkU
qdkvdkygw,f/
They're worth thousands of mice olwkdU[m

<uuftaxmiftaomif;yJ wefw,f/ <uufqdkwmuvnf;
olrsm;vkyfudkif&SmazGxm;wJU pyg;ponfudkyJ cdk;0Sufpm; aomufwwfwmudk;
The sons of the sons of the son om;&JU om;awG&JU om;awG
('Dae&mrSm ]]ajr;jrpf}} grandsons, greatgrandsons pwJUtac:ta0:awGudk
okH;&if&om;eJU rokH;bJxm;wmudk owdjyKygav/ acgif;pOfu Consequences

vdkUwyfxm;wmeJU tnDom;u om; qif;ouftusKd;qufvmykHudk
ay:vGifapw,f)
what will they make of the world? olwkdU urÇmavmuBuD;udk
bmrsm;vkyfMu rwkef;? b,fvdkjzpfvmapMurwkef;/
will they turn out good or bad? olwkdU[m vlaumif;awGjzpfvmMu
rvm;? vlqdk;awG jzpfvmMurvm;?

om
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Worth flies or wheat? ,ifaumifyJ wefrvm;? *sKHyJ wefrvm;

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(taz&JU wefzdk; ujrif;wpfaumif? om;&JUwefzdk;u um;okH;avpD;? ajr;wefzdk;u

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<uuf? jrpfwefzdk;u ,ifaumif? wefzdk;awG ,kwfvmvdkufykHudk qifjcifygav)

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*sKHqdk&if enf;enf;yg;yg; wefao;&JU? ,ifaumifqdk&ifawmh ESpfjym; rwefbl;
ajymwmygyJ
you don't want to answer me cifAsm;(pmzwfol) usKyfudk ajzp&m
rvdkygbl;/ ('Dae&mrSm want u need eJUwlw,f/ vdktyfwmudkajymwm?

vdkcsifwmudk ajymwmr[kwfbl;/)
But the questions do not die 'gayr,fh (cifAsm;ajzzdkUrvdkayr,fh)
ar;cGef;awGuawmh toufaoroGm;bl;/ &SifoefvsufygyJwJU/
v,form;BuD;&,f olUom;olaX;&,f? olUajr; olaX;om;awG&,f?

rsKd;qufokH;quf udk o&kyfazmfvdkufNyD;wJUaemuf pwkw¦rsKd;qufjzpfwJU jrpfawG&JU
vufxufusawmh b,fvdkrsm; jzpfukefMuavrvJvdkU pdk;&drfylyefpdwfeJU uAsm
q&mu olUuAsmudk ed*kH;csKyfxm; vdkufw,f/ v,form;BuD;u tvkyfBudK;pm;
w,f/ qif;&Jw,f/ qif;&JwJUMum;uyJ om;udk ynmoifcJUawmh om;u pD;yGm;a&;
orm;? olaX;jzpfoGm;w,f/ (wavmu TV rSmwifquf oGm;wJU Rich Man,
Poor Man udk owd&p&mjzpfw,f) om;&Jom;awG (v,form;

BuD;&JUajr;awG)usawmh olaX;om;qdkNyD; bmtvkyfrSrvkyfawmhbJ
rdbydkufqHxdkifpm;wJU okH;&kHjzKef;&kHom em;vnfwJU qefukefajrav;awG
vlay:aMumhawGyJjzpfukefMuawmhw,f/ 'Dawmh uAsmq&mu pOf;pm;w,f/
'Dom;awG&JU om;awGvufxuf (v,form;BuD;&JU jrpfrsm;acwf) rsm;qdk&if
b,fvdkrsm; aevdrfhrvJ/ qefukefajrav;u arG;vdkufwJU [mawG qdkawmh
ESpfjym;rS wefygOD;awmhrvm;wJU/ 'Dtzdk;rwefvlay:aMumhawGu urÇmavmuBuD;
udk b,fvdkOD;aqmifoGm;MurSmygvdrfhwJU/
'g[m olwkdUpD;yGm;wdk;wufaewJU taemufEdkifiHrsm;rSm wu,fBudKHawGU
om
ae&wJU udpö jzpfw,f/ ygbvdk ae&l'gvdkyJ aemifa&;udkrat;rdwJU yk*¾dKvfrsm;u

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a&;Mu? ajymMuvSNyDjzpf wJUjyóemwpf&yfjzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh taemuf

cl
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EdkifiHrsm;rSmwif BuKHawGU&ifqdkifae&wJU jyóemawmh r[kwfacsbl;/ pD;yGm;a&;

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rzGHNzdK;rwdk;wufao;wJU EdkifiHrsm;rSmvJ BuKHawGUae &wmygyJ/ tenf;eJUtrsm;yJ

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uGmr,f/ ae&l'gwkdU&JU vufwiftar&du[m zGHNzdK;wkd;wufaewJU EdkifiH r[kwf
ao;ygbl;/ EdkifiHjcm;a<u;awG vufwiftar&durSm &Sdaew,f/ 'gayr,fh
csrf;omwJUvlu usdusdwuf csrf;omawmh olwkdUom;orD;awG tvkyf rvkyfcsifwJU
jyóem &SdaeNyD/
aemufwpfcg csrf;omwJU EdkifiHrsm;u olaX;om;vli,fawG&JU p&dkuf[m
qif;&JwJU EdkifiHrsm;u olaX;om;wifru qif;&Jom;vli,fawGqDudkyg a&mufvm
wwfao;w,f/ vli,fqdkwmu tifrweftwkcdk;vG,fwmudk;/ udk,feJUwefw,f
rwefw,f rcsifhcsdef? olwkdUvdkvufaMumwif;atmif rvkyfcsifbJ okH;[,f?
jzKef;[,f? 0wf[,f? pm;[,f vkyfcsifvmMuawmhw,f/ 'DrSmwif rjzpfoifh
wmawG jzpfukefawmhwmygyJ/ 'Djyóemudk wm0efod jynfolawGodjrifMuNyD;
wpfckckvkyfMuzdkUaumif;w,f/ 'gayr,fh rvkyfMubl;/ rodusKd;uRHjyKaeMuwmyJ/
'gudk uAsmq&mu pdwfysufrdykH&w,f/ 'gaMumifh ]]cifAsm;tajz ay;p&mrvdkygbl;?
ray;csifaeyg? &ygw,f? at;-jyóemuawmh 'Dwdkif;aevdkU NyD;roGm; bl;As}}vdkU
tqkH;owfrSm pdwfememeJU ajymvdkufwmygyJ/
tusKd;qufrsm;
vlawmfyJ 'Dvl? olU aygufwl;?

olU x,fwdkUudk pdwfcs&w,f?
tdyfwkef; tdyfruf rufzdkU
tcsdefawmif ol r&bl;/
ol[m acR;uswJUxd qif;&Jum?

om
jrif;wpfaumifyJ wefcJUw,f/
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'DaeU olUom; tvGefrmeBuD;?

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um; okH;av;pD; wefw,f/

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txufvTwfawmftrwf avoHeJU ajym?

{&mr ajcvSrf;eJU vrf;avQmuf?
v,form; zcifBuD;udka&m?
avhvmod&Sd&wJU bdk;ab;awGudkyg arh?
owif;pm xlxlES,f awG;awm?
aeUa&m nyg? ydkufqH0if?
tdyfaecdkufawmif ta&;yg&JU/
om;&JU om;awG trsm;BuD;?

wavmqDuyJ vyfxyfoGm;Mu?
olwkdUbmrS rvkyf? okH;&kHyJ okH;pJGMu?
olwkdU <uufaxmifaomif; wef/
om;&JU om;awG&JU om;awG

urÇmudk olwkdU bmvkyfMurwkef;/
vlaumif;awG jzpfvmrvm;? qdk;rvm;/
,ifaumifyJ wefrvm;? *sKHyJ wefrvm;/
cifAsm;usKyfudk ajzp&m rvdkygbl;/

ar;cGef;awGuawmh aoroGm;bl;/
ygbvdk ae&l'g
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72
ALONG THE RIVER
They had pulled her out of the river. She was dead,
Lying against the rhododendrons sewn with spider's thread.
An oldish woman, in a shabby dress, a straggling stocking,
A worn, despairing face. How could the old do such a
thing?
Now forty years have passed. Again I recall that poor
Thing laid along the River Leam, and I look once more.
They have pulled her out of the river. She is dead,
Lying against the rhododendrons sewn with spider's thread.
A youngish woman, in a sodden dress, a straggling
stocking,
A sad, appealing face. How can the young do such a thing?
D J Enright
trsKd;orD;ESpfOD;
t*FvdyfuAsmq&mBuD; '*s tJef&dkufwf[m xdkif;EdkifiH? puFmyl?

*syefwuúodkvfrsm; rSm 1960uae 1970xd q&mvkyfoGm;zl;wJUtwGuf olUuAsm
tawmfrsm;rsm;[m tm&S tjcif;t&mawG tawGUtBuKHawGudk a&;zGJUwmjzpfw,f/
'DtwGuf emrnfBuD;ygw,f/ tckwifqufr,fh uAsmuawmh olUtrdwdkif;jynfu
om
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tawGUtBuKHwpfckudk zGJUqdkxm;wmyg/ tawGUtBuKHwpfckvdkU qdkvdkuf&ayr,fh

sic
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jzpf&yfu ESpfckyg/ i,fi,fwkef;u awGUvdkuf&wm eJU aemifESpf 40tMumrSm

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jrif&wm ,SOfjyxm;w,f/ tJef&dkufwfu 1920rSm arG;cJUwmqdk awmh tck touf

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73ESpf&SdygNyD/
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uAsmudk zwfMunfhMuygpdkU/
acgif;pOf Along the River u jrpf&dk;wpfavQmuf? jrpf&dk;rSmvdkU

t"dyÜm,f&w,f/
They had pulled her olwkdUolUudk qGJ,lcJUMuw,f

(b,fuaeqJG,lwmvJ? qufzwf)/
out of the river jrpfxJu-wJU/ olwkdU olUudkjrpfxJu

qGJxkwf,lcJUMuw,f aygh/
She was dead olaoaeNyD/ t*Fvdyfpum; was udk owdjyKyg/
twdwftcsdefudk nTef; aew,f/ twdwfu jzpf&yfwpfcktaMumif;
ajymjyaew,fvdkU em;vnf&w,f/
Lying against the rhododendrons &dk'dk'if'&ef tyifav;awGay:rSdum
vJavsmif;&if; (aoaew,f)? 0gusu rqkH;ao;yg/
sewn with spider's thread yifhul&JU csnfrQifeJU csKyfoDxm;wJU

(&dk'dk'if'&ef tyifuav;rsm;ay:rSDum vJavsmif;&if; aoaew,f/)
tyifuav;awG&JU t&GuftyGifh awGrSm yifhulu tdrfvkyfxm;wmudkyJ yifhulrQifeJU
csKyfoDxm;w,fvdkU zGJUwmyg/
An oldish woman odyfrtdkvSao;wJU rdef;rBuD; wpfa,muf/ oldish
qdkwm old avmuf rtdkao;wm a little old udkajymwm? tdkwdkwkd? rtdkUwtdk

pojzifhvJ ajymEdkifyg vdrfhr,f/
in a shabby dress a[mif;EGrf;pkwfjywft0wftpm;eJU/
a straggling stocking royfr&yf udk;&dk;um;&m; ajctdwfeJU/
A worn despairing face EGrf;vsarmyef;aewJU? pdwfysufaewJUrsufESm?

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arQmfvifhcsuf ukefcef;aewJU rsufESm/

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How could the old do such a thing? b,fvdkvkyfNyD;awmhrsm;
touft&G,f tdkrif;olrsm;[m 'DvdktvkyfrsKd; (udk,fhudk,fudk udk,fowfao

wmrsKd;)udk vkyf&wmygvdrfh/
'Dyxrwpfykd'fvkH; o'´goabmt& past tense eJUa&;xm;w,f/

twdwfu jzpf&yfqdkwmudk t*Fvdyfpum;rSm ay:vGifaew,f/
Now forty years have passed ckESpfav;q,f ukefvGefcJUNyD/ (tcku
pNyD; present tense okH;ygNyD/)
Again I recall that poor thing tJ'Doem;p&m rdef;rBuD;udkigjrifa,mifrd
jyefw,f/ t*Fvdyfpum;rSmawmh thing vdkUokH;vdkufwmyJ/ pum;pyfMunfhNyD; olUudk

ajymwmvdkU odwwf&w,f/) 0gusrqkH;ao;/
Laid along the River Leam vdrf; jrpf&dk;ay:rSmcsxm;wJU (oem;p&m
rdef;rBuD; udkjrifa,mifrdw,f/)
and I look once more ig wpfcgxyfNyD;Munfhrdw,f/ Munfhvdkufawmh
bmjrif ovJ/ wwd,tydk'f qufzwf/
They have pulled her out of the river olwkdU olUudkjrpfxJu
qGJxkwfcJUMu w,f/ (yxrtydk'fueJU pum;vkH;awG qifygw,f/ t*FvdyfrSmawmh

had u have ajymif; oGm;NyD; jrefrmrSmawmh jyp&mr&Sd/)
She is dead olaoaeNyD/ (yxrtydk'fwkef;u was okH;cJUw,f/)
Lying against the rhododendrons sewn with spider's thread

yifhul&JU csnfrQifeJU csKyfoDxm;wJU &dk'dk'if'&eftyifuav;rsm;ay:rSDum
vJavsmif;&if; (aoaew,f/) (pum;vkH;awGwrifwlatmif vkyfxm;wmu
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udk,fhudk,fudk udk,f owfao ykHcsif;wlwmudk txl;jyKvdkufwm jzpfw,f/)

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A youngish woman i,fao;w,f qdk&r,fh rdef;rwpfa,muf ('DrSmyJ

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oldish eJU youngish uGJw,f/)

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in a sodden dress a&&TJ&TJpdkaewJUt0wfeJU (rdef;rBuD;udk o&kyfazmfpOfu
shabby okH;cJUw,f/ tck tJ'gudk rokH;yJ soddenudk cGJokH;vdkufawmh rdef;rBuD;vdk
olqif;&Jr r[kwfbl;vdkU od&w,f)

a straggling stocking royfr&yfudk;&dk;um;&m; ajctdwfeJU
(tzGJUcsif;wlxm; w,f/ a&epfavawmh ajctdwf[m royfr&yf udk;&dk;um;&m;
jzpf&wmcsnf;)
A sad appealing face 0rf;enf;aMuuJGaewJU pGJrufp&m acsmarmvSywJU
rsufESm ('DrSm tbGm;BuD;tzGJUeJU uGJw,f)

How can the young do such a thing? b,fvdkvkyfNyD;awmhrsm;
touf t&G,fEke,f i,f&G,folrsm;[m 'DvdktvkyfrsKd;udk vkyf&wmygvdrfh/ (could

eJU can, old eJU young yJuGmw,f/)
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(pkwfjywf a[mif;EGrf;)? worn (EGrf;vs)? despairing (arQmfvifhcsuf uif;rJUae)
pwJU pum;vkH; awGu 'Dtjcif;t&mqDudk nTefjyaeMuw,f/ rdef;rysKdav;eJU
ywfoufvdkUuawmh qif;&J rGJawrInTef;wJU pum;vkH;rygbl;/ tJ'gawGtpm; sad
(aMuuGJ0rf;enf;)eJU appealing (wpfzufom;udk qGJaqmifEdkifpGrf;&SdwJU)

pum;vkH;wkdUudkyJ okH;xm;w,f/ 'Dawmh olUb0udk tqkH;pD&ifwm[m qif;&JrGJawrI
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jzpfaew,f/ 'gjzifh bmaMumifh owfao&ovJ/ tajzudk youngish
(i,fao;w,f) appealing pum;vkH;wkdUrSm &Sm&kHyJjzpfygw,f/ t&G,fuvJ i,f?
&kyfuvJ pGJrufp&mqdkawmh sad jzpfp&mtaMumif;u &SdaeNyD/ jrefrmpum;

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wmrsm;udk zwfzl;Muygvdrfhr,f/ aqmif;yg;wpfyk'fa&;aewmom jzpf&ifawmh
'DtaMumif;w&m;wGudk pkHEdkiforQpkHatmif avhvmpkaqmif;a&;&ayvdrfhr,f/ tck
tJef&dkufwfuawmh uAsma&;aewmjzpfwJUtwGuf 'gawGudk aqG;aEG;p&mrvdkbl;/
aumufcsufqGJjyp&mvJ r&Sdbl;/ olUuAsmudk um&efygwJU aqmif;yg;tjzpfrcHEdkifbl;/
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uAsmudk jrefrmvdka&;&mrSm olUrl&if;0g' t&SnfBuD;twdkif;rvdkufawmhbJ
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LORE
Job Davies, eightyfour
Winters old, and still alive
After the slow poison
And treachery of the seasons.
Miserable? Kick my arse!
It needs more than the rain's hearse,
Winddrawn, to pull me off
The great perch of my laugh.
What's living but courage?
Paunch full of hot porridge,
Nerves strengthened with tea,
Peatblack, dawn found me
Mowing where the grass grew,
Bearded with golden dew.
Rhythm of the long scythe
Kept this tall frame lithe.
What to do? Stay green.
Never mind the machine,
Whose fuel is human souls,
Live large, man, and dream small.
R.S.Thomas
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toufuav;&,fwJU &Snfapvdk
t*FvdyfuAsmq&mBuD; &-q axmrmhpf[m wuúodkvfu bJGU&NyD;aemuf

olUZmwd a0ve,fxJrSmyJ c&pf,mefbkef;BuD; vkyfaecJUolyg/ 'D&mpk&JUt"du
a0ve,fom;uAsm q&mBuD;wpfOD;jzpfygw,f/ a0ve,fom;wdkU&JU trsKd;om;
tarGtESpf? trsKd;om;p&dkufwkdUudk tBuD;tus,fvIHUaqmfol? tm;ay;olvJjzpfw,f/
a&S;rmhpf a[eD&JU uAsmrsm;[m tdkif,mvefjynf&JU aemufcHeJU tdkif,mvefjynf&JU
0ef;usifudk ay:vGifapovdk olUuAsm rsm;[mvJ a0ve,f&eHU oif;ysHU
aewwfw,f/ rsm;aomtm;jzifhaus;vufudk tajccHavH &SdNyD; a'oudkomru
'Da'ouvlawGtaMumif;? 'DvlawG&JU b0rSm vTrf;rdk;aewJU cHpm;rI awGtaMumif;
avhvmwifjyxm;wmawGygyJ/ bkef;BuD;qdkawmh xm0&bk&m;ocifeJU vlom;
taMumif;vJ a&;wwfoy/
tck wifqufr,fh uAsmrSm awmom;BuD;wpfa,muf&JU taumif;jrif0g'?
cyfMurf; Murf;aewwfwJU b0vrf;pOfwkdUudk azmfusL;xm;ygw,f/
acgif;pOf Lore qdkwm obm0Oya'o? ed,mr? bmom"avh&,fvdkU
t"dyÜm,f &w,f/ uAsmudk zwfMunfhMupdkU-
Job Davies a*smh a';AD;Zf? vlemrnfjzpfw,f/
eightyfive winters old &Spfq,fhig;aqmif;&SdNyD/ touf&Spfq,fhig;ESpf&SdNyD
vdkUajymwmyg/ jrefrmpum;rSm ]ESpf}tpm; ]rdk;}udkokH;ovdk (]okH;ESpfokH;rdk;} qdkwmrsKd;)

olwkdUu ]ESpf}tpm; ]aqmif;}udkokH;wmygyJ/
and still alive touf&Sifwkef;yJ (0gusrqkH;ao;yg? atmufrSmqufzwf)
After the slow poison jznf;jznf;tqdyfoifh&jcif; (0gusrqkH;ao;)

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And treachery of the seasons &moDwdkU&JU opömazmufrI?

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'DaemufqkH;ESpfyg'aygif;vdkufawmh Owk&moDwdkU&JU azmufvTJazmufjyefrI?
tqdyfoifhaprIwdkUaemufrSm (touf&Sifwkef;)vdkU&r,f/
Miserable? pdwfqif;&Jw,f[kwfvm;/ 'DupNyD;

uAsmq&muar;wJUtwGuf tbdk;BuD;ujyefvnfajzMum;[efa&;xm;ygw,f/
Kick my arse/ awmom;yDyD? qJa&;wdkif;xGmvdkufwJUpum;jzpfygw,f/

twdtus bmomjyef&&if ]]ighwifudk ajcaxmufeJU uefausmufvdkufyg}}
vdkUjzpfw,f/
It needs more than xufru vdktyfw,f? bmxufruvJ/ qufzwf
the rain's hearse winddrawn av(rkefwdkif;)u (jrif;ozG,f) qGJvmwJU
rdk;&JU tokb,mOfxufru vdkr,f? rdk;udk tokb,mOfeJU EIdif;w,f? avrkefwdkif;udk

jrif;eJU EIdif;w,f? &lyutvuFmjzpfw,f/
to pull me off ighudkqGJcszkdU(vdkr,f)? b,fuqGJcsrSmvJ? qufzwf
The great perch of my laugh igh&JU &,farmjcif;qdkwJU

tdyfwef;BuD;uae ighudk qGJcsr,fqdk&if rkefwdkif;jrif;qGJwJUrdk; tokb,mOfxufru
vdkr,f/ (avrdk;avmufeJUawmh ighudk ighpHeef;uqGJcsvdkUr&bl;/) olUudk,fol
iSufeJUEIdif;w,f? &,farmjcif;udk opfudkif;eJUEIdif; w,f/
What's living but courage? touf&Snfjcif;qdkwm owådyJr[kwfvm;/
Paunch full of hot porridge qefjyKwfylylaEG;aEG;jynfhaewJU AdkufylBuD;/
AdkufylBuD;xJrSm qefjyKwfylylaEG;aEG;jynfhaew,f? aomufxm;w,faygh/ (vG,ful
atmif ]qefjyKwf}vdkU a&;vdkufwmyg/ Porridge qdkwm oat qdkwJU rka,m*sKHudk

EdkUuav;eJU cyfyspfyspf jyKwfxm;wmyg/)
Nerves strengthened with tea vufzuf&nfeJU

cGeftm;jznfhxm;wJUtm&kH aMumrsm;? eAffaMumrsm;? vufzuf&nf[m
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Peatblack opf&Gufap;vdk rnf;eufaewJU (vufzuf&nf)/ 'DrmS vJ
cyfvG,f vG,f ]opf&Gufap;}vdkUjyefvdkufwmyg/ a&xJ ESpf&Snfvrsm; epfjrKyfaevdkU
aqG;jrnfhaewJU t&GufaqG;ud k peat vdkUac:w,f/ xif;tjzpf rD;qdkufw,f/

obm0 ajrMoZmtjzpfokH; Muw,f/
dawn found me t&kPfOD;u ighudkawGUw,f/ ]t&kPfOD;rSm

ig'Dvdk&Sdaew,f} qdkwmudk t*Fvdyfpum;rSm 'DvdkokH;ygw,f/ b,fvdkawGU&ovJ?
aemuftydk'f qufzwf
Mowing where the grass grew jrufawG aygufa&muf&mrSm

jruf&dwfaewmudk (t&kPfOD;u awGUw,f)
Bearded with golden dew a&Ta&mifESif;puf rkwfqdwfarT;eJU (jrufawG)
Rhythm of the long scythe (jruf&dwf&mrSmokH;wJU) wHpOf&SnfBuD;&JU
&pforfu
Kept this tall frame lithe a[m'Dt&yf&Snf&Snf udk,fcE¨mudk
(olUudk,folajym wm jzpfw,f) oGufoGuf vufvuf&Sdaeapw,f/ jruf&dwfvdkU
vloGufoGuf ayghyg;ae w,f/
What to do? bmvkyf&rvJ[kwfvm;? uAsmq&mu ar;vdkufvdkU
awmom;tbdk; BuD;uyJ yJUwif[yfvdkuf[ef a&;xm;wmygyJ/
Stay green pdrf;pdrf;vef;vef;aeyg/ t*FvdyfrSm pum;vkH;ESpfvkH;wnf;eJU
wmoGm; oavmuf jrefrmvdkrSm pum;tydkawGeJU jznfhpGufajymrS&r,fh

pum;rsKd;jzpfw,f/ opfyif pdrf;pdrf;awGMum; vIyf&Sm;oGm;vm vkyfudkifaexdkifyg
vdkUqdkvdkw,f/
Never mind the machine puf,Eå&m;udk ta&;rrleJU/ v,fxGefpuf
pwmawG[m b,favmuf jrefjrefqefqef vkyfudkifEdkifw,f? vludk tvkyf

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oufomapw,fqdkayr,fh pufudktm;rudk;eJU? vludk,fwdkifvkyfrS usef;rmoefpGrf;

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Whose fuel is human souls 'Dpuf,Eå&m;awGrSm okH;&wJUavmifpm[m
("mwfqD r[kwfbl;) vlU0dnmOfjzpfw,f/ pufuavmifpmtjzpf vlU0dnmOfudk

okH;w,fvdkUqdkvdkw,f/ t"dyÜm,ftrsKd;rsKd;aumufEdkifwJUtxJu wpfckuawmh
pufudkokH;aeawmh vlUpdwf[m wkH;oGm;w,f/ rxufjrufawmhbl;vdkU jzpfvdrfhr,f
Live large, man BuD;BuD;rm;rm;aeyg? udk,fhvl/ 'gvJ

t*Fvdyfpum;rSmwdkwdkeJU xdrdoavmuf jrefrmvdkrSmawmh csJUxGifajym&r,fh
pum;rsKd;jzpfw,f/ tvkyfrsm;rsm;vkyf? tpm;rsm;rsm;pm; ponfjzifhajymwmjzpfw,f
and dream small ao;ao;i,fi,f tdyfrufruf/ odyfpdwful;r,OfeJU?
arQmfrSef;csuf awG xm;raeeJU/ &wmeJU a&mifh&Jwif;wdrfygvdkU qdkvdkw,f/
uAsmq&m[m a0ve,fu awmifoltbdk;BuD;wpfOD;qD oGm;NyD; pum;

qdkav[ef? olUqDrSm touf&Snf&m temrJUaMumif; enf;aumif;vrf;aumif;
av;rsm; ajymjyygvdkU ar;jref;Munfhav[ef a&;zGJUxm;ygw,f/ wu,fhtawGUtBuKH
udk a&;zGJUxm;ovm;vJ rajymwwfbl;/ tbdk;BuD;trnfu a*smhbf a';AD;Zf?
toufu 84 ESpf&SdNyD/ oefwkef; jrefwkef;? rdk;xJavxJvkyfudkifvIyf&Sm;aewkef;yJeJU
wlygw,f/ 'ghaMumifh &moDOwk azmuf vTJazmufjyef jzpfaewm? &moDOwku
vludk tqdyfcwfovdk a&m*gay;aewmawmif raobl;? touf&Sifwkef;yJvdkU
zGJUw,f/
tbdk;BuD;udk ]tb? ckvdk rdk;awGavawGeJU tb 'ku©ra&mufbl;vm;}vdkU
ar;vdkuf w,feJU wlygw,f/ 'DwGif tbdk;tdku ]eifhtar? 'Drdk;
'DavavmufeJUawmh igraoao;bl; uG}vdkU jyefNyD; ajzvdkufygw,f/ 'gudkyJ
uAsmxJ jyefwifjyawmh uAsmtokH;tEIef;eJU ]ighudk &,f&,farmarmaewJU
b0uae jzKwfcsr,fqdk&ifawmh avrkefwdkif;qdkwJU jrif;uwJU rdk;tokb,mOf
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'Dae&mrSm ]&,farmjcif;qdkwJU ightdyfwef;}qdkwmav;u oltouf&Sifa&;
rSDcdkae& wm &,farmjcif;jzpfw,fvdkU t"dyÜm,f&w,f/ jrefrmpum;ykH ]aysmfaysmfae
aocJ}udk owd&p&mjzpfw,f/
tbdk;BuD;u qufajymygw,f/ ]b0qdkwm owåd&SdzkdUyJuG? igawmhtdyf&mu
xvm w,fqdk&if rka,mpyg;jyKwf w0BuD;aomuf? vufzuf&nfaomufNyD;
wHpOfBuD; cyf&Snf &Snfwpfacsmif;eJU jrufawG&w
d fawmhwmyJ? t&kPfwufvm&if
igtJovdkjruf&dwf tvkyf Murf;vkyfaewm awGU&r,f? &Trf;&Trf;-&Trf;&Trf;eJU
wHpOft&SnfBuD; wpftm;vTJvTJ&dwfaevdkU ig tckvdk zswfvwfayghyg;aewm? 'Dawmh
opfyifpdrf;pdrf;awGMum; vIyf&Sm;oGm;vmaeaygh uG? pufudkokH;awmh vlayghysuf
oGm;wm ayghuGm? puf&JUavmifpmtjzpf rif;&JU pdwf0nmOf udk auR;ae&wmyJ
jzpfoGm;vdrfhr,f? vlaysmhNyD; pdwfwkH;oGm;wmayghuGm? ta&;BuD;wmu rsm;rsm;pm;?
rsm;rsm;vkyfyJ udk,fhvla&? pdwful;awmhvJ odyfr,OfeJU? BuD;BuD;us,fus,fvJ
rarQmfvifheJU? a&mifh&Jwif;wdrfwm okcyJuG,fh} ygwJU/
pufrIeJU ywfoufeJU tbdk;tdk&JU t,ltqudk axmufcHcsifrS
axmufcHcsifMuvdrfh r,f/ wdkif;jynftwGuf vkyfaewmqdk&ifawmh pdkufysKd;a&;rSm
pufrI okH;&rSmayghav/ 'g jiif;p&m rvdkygbl;/ 'gayr,fhrdrdusef;rma&;twGuf
udk,fusef; pdwf&Tifa&;twGuf pdkufwmysKd;wmqdk&ifawmh olajymovdk
rdrdudk,ftm;udk tokH;cswmyJ avhusifhcef;rnfay vdrfhrnf/ &-q axmarmhpf[m
uRefawmfwkdU jrefrmaus;vufu awmifolv,form;BuD; awGtpOftvm ,kHMunf
vufcHvmMuNyD;jzpfwJU Moumoavmuudk cspfjrwfEdk;pdwf? opfyifoD;ESHawGMum;?
rdk;aveJU eyrf;vkH;&if; cdkifrmoefpGrf; pdwf"mwfMunfvifwJU tavh? aysmfaysmfae
aocJqdkwJU cH,lcsuf? a&mifh&Jwif;wdrfjcif;qdkwJU rGefjrwfwJU oDvwkdUudkyJ
a0ve,fom;wkdU&JU &dk;&m&Iaxmifhuae zGJUqdkxm;w,fvdkU qdk&vdrfhr,f/
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a*smhbf a';AD;Zf? &Spfq,fhav;

aqmif;&SdNyD?l &moDwkdU&JU
azmufjyefwm? jznf;jznf;tqdyfauR;wm
aemuf touf&Sifwkef;om/
pdwfqif;&Jp- [kwfvm;? eifhtar?
igh &,farmoH tdyfwef;uae
ighudk qGJcszkdU? av qGJwJU
rdk; romvSnf;ru vdkruG,fh/
touf&Sifw,fqdkwm owådyJ r[kwfvm;?

rka,mjyKwf jynfhaewJU Adkufylum;?
t&GufaqG;rnf;euf vufzuf&nfeJU
tm;jynfhtm&kHaMumawGeJU ighudk t&kP[
f muG,fh
a&Ta&mifESif;pufrkwfqdwfeJU jrufawG
ayguf&mrSm jruf&dwfaewm awGU&ay/
wHpOf&SnfBuD;&JU &pforfu
'Dt&yf&SnfcE¨mudk oGufapoAs/
bmvkyf&r,f [kwfp? pdrf;vef;ap?

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SONNET
The winter deepening, the hay all in
The barn fat with cattle, the applecrop
Conveyed to market or the fragrant bin,
He thinks the time has come to make a stop
And sinks halfgrudging in his firelit seat.
Though with his heavy body's full consent.
In what would be the posture of defeat.
But for that look of rigorous content.
Outside, the night dives down like one great crow
Against his castoff clothing where it stands
Up to the knees in miles of hustled snow.
Flapping and jumping like a kind of fire
And floating skyward its abandoned hands
In gestures of invincible desire.
Richard Wilbur
v,form;eJU aqmif;
aqmif;&moDrSm v,f,mvkyfudkifolwkdU csrf;csr;fpD;pD;xJ tvkyfvkyfudkif&ykH?

aexdkif&ykHwdkUudk zGJUwJU uAsmawG jrefrm uAsmxJrSm trsm;tjym;&Sdygw,f/ Oyrm
]]aqmif;OD;umv ESif;usaom tcg? awmifydkifxJudk wufNrJ EGm;wpf&m/
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tck tar&duefjynfaxmifpk&JU vuf&Sd awmf0ifpmqdk ( Poet Laureate)
&pfcs'f 0dvbm&JU aqmif;&moDzGJUuAsmudk zwfMunfh&atmif/ uAsmudk oD;jcm;
acgif;pOfay;rxm;? Sonnet vdkUyJ wyfxm;w,f/ Sonnet qdkwm a'G;csKd;?

av;csKd;? aw;xyfqdkovdk t*Fvdyf uAsm ykHoP²mefwpfck&JU trnfrQ jzpfw,f/
The winter deepening aqmif;&moD[m euf&Idif;onfxuf

euf&Idif;vmaevsuf/
The hay all in jrufajcmuftm;vkH; trdk;tumatmuf oGif;,lNyD;

jzpfvsuf (olwkdUqDrSm aqmif;&moDqdk&if jrif;? EGm;? wd&pämefwkdUudk
trdk;tumatmuf xm;&ovdk? olwkdU&JU pm;p&m jrufajcmufudkvJ
trdk;tumatmuf oGif;xm;&ygw,f/ ywf0ef;usifrSmu ESif;zwfawGcsnfhudk/)
The barn fat with cattle pyg;usD(wif;ukyf)[m uRJEGm;wkdUeJU 0vsuf?
uRJEGm;awGeJU jynfhazmif;vsuf/
the applecrop &dyfodrf;NyD; yef;oD;awGud k
Conveyed to market aps;udk o,faqmifNyD;NyD? ydkUaqmifNyD;NyD/
or the fragrant bin &eHUoif;wJU odkavSmifcef;xJ (o,faqmifNyD;NyD)
He thinks olu xifw,f(b,fvdkxifovJ)
the time has come to make a stop &yfem;orIjyKzdkU

tcsdefusa&mufcJUNyDvdkU (olu xifw,f)/ 'DrSm yxrwpfykd'f qkH;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh
pmom;uawmh rqkH;ao;bJ 'kwd,tydk'fudk qufoGm;ygw,f/ t*FvdyfuAsmwdkU
xkH;pHygyJ/
And sinks xdkifcsvdkufw,f (twdtusuawmh ]rdrd&JUcE¨mudk,fBuD;udk

ESpfcsvdkufw,f}&,f vdkU jzpfygw,f)
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in his firelit seat rD;zdk&JU tvif;a&mif jzmcaewJU
xdkifckHay:(xdkifcsvkdufw,f)
Though with his heavy body's full consent «tJovdkxdkifcsrSmudk
pdwfurygvSayr,fh) av;vHwJU (0zdkifhzdkifh) olUcE¨mudk,f&JU tjynfht0

axmufcHrIeJUygyJ? xdkifcs&rSmudk pdwfurygayr,fh 0NzD;wJU cE¨mud,
k fuawmh
axmufcHygowJU»
In what would be the posture of defeat (olxdkifcsvdkufwJU ykHyef;u)
t&IH; ay;wJU? vufavQmhwJUykHyef;rsKd;jzpfw,f/ (tvkyfudkrEdkifawmhvUdk vufajrSmuf

t&IH;ay; olrsm; 'Dvdk xdkifcsypfwwfw,f)
But for that took of rigorous content pdwftm; xufoefjyif;jywJU
auseyfrI toGiftjyifom r&SdcJU&if (pdwfysuf t&IH;ay;olxdkifcsykHrsKd; jzpfvdrfhr,f/

ckawmh 'DauseyfrI toGifaMumifhtvkyfudk t&IH;ay;wmvdkU ajymvdkUr&awmhbl;)
Outside jyifbufrSmawmh/
the night dives down n[m 'dkifAifxdk;NyD; usqif;vmw,f (&kwfw&uf
nusa&muf vmwmudkyJ 'dkifAifxdk;qif;vmw,fvdkUzGJUygw,f)

like one great crow {&mrusD;uef;wpfaumifES,f (neJU usD;uef;udk
EIdif;,SOfyg w,f)
Against his castoff clothing ol&JU pGefUypfxm;wJU t0wftpm;qD
('dkifAifxdk;cs w,f)
where it stands tJ'Dt0wftpm;cRwfypfxm;&mqD

('dkifAifxdk;qif;vmw,f)
Up to the knees 'l;qpfjrKyfwJUtxd
in miles of hustled snow wGef;xdk;cH ESif;zwfwdkU rdkifaygif;rsm;pGm

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(pkykHae&mqD) (ESif;zwfawGudk avu wdkufxkwfypfvdkU? ajrBuD;ay: [dka&TU'Da&TU

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Flapping and jumping awmifyHcwfum ckefqGckefqG vkyfumeJU
like a kind of fire rD;wpfrsKd;vdk (ESif;zwfqdkwJU tat;"mwfudkyJ rD;qdkwJU
tyl"mwfeJU EIdif;w,f)
And floating skyward aumif;uifqD arsmvGifhapw,f
(bmawGudkarsmvGifhapovJ? qufzwf)
its abandoned hands pGefUypfxm;wJU vufawGudk
(aumif;uifqDvGifharsmapw,f)
In gestures of invincible desire csKd;ESdrfr&wJU tmom&r®uf&JU

[efyefrsm;eJU (vufawGudk aumif;uifqD vGifharsmqefUwef;aeapw,f)
uAsmudk tydkif;ESpfydkif;cGNJ yD; a&;zGJUxm;w,f/ yxrydkif;u v,form;BuD;
&JUtaMumif;? 'kwd,ydkif;u jyifyrdk;av&JUtaMumif;? v,form;BuD;u jrufajcmuf
awGvJ trdk;tumatmuf a&mufNyD/ EGm;awGudkvJ wif;ukyfxJoGif;NyD;NyD/
yef;oD;awGudkvJ aps;ydkUwefydkU? usDusxJxnfhodrf; wefwm odrf;NyD;NyDvdkU awG;rdum
tm;&auseyfpGmeJU tem;,lawmhr,fvdkU xdkifcsvdkufw,fwJU/ "ed,okwfxJu
"ed,EGm;ausmif;om;&JU awG;awmykHuav;eJU wlyifwlao;awmhw,f/ "ed,
EGm;ausmif;om;u ]]xrif;csufNyD;NyD? þr[Djrpfurf;yg;ü taygif;toif;wkdUESifh
igae\? wif;ukyf udkrdk;NyD;NyD? rD;udknSdNyD;NyD? &Gmvdk&Gmavmh? rdk;ewfom;}}vdkU
a<u;aMumfcJUw,f/ EGm;awGudk wif;ukyfxJ oGif;wmeJU("ed,uawmh)tjyifrSm
BudK;csnfxm;cJUwm? wpfa,mufu aqmif;ESif;? wpfa,muf urdk;udk
BuKHBudKuf&wmcsif;yJ uGmjcm;&JU/ tJ-"ed,ujrpfpGmbk&m;eJU awGUNyD; o&P*kH
wnfoGm; cJUwmvJ uGmjcm;rIyJyav/
'kwd,tydk'frSm jyifyrdk;avudk zGJU&mrSm aqmif;&moDrdkU ESif;zwfawG
usoGef;aeykHudk xl;jcm; atmif a&;zGJUxm;w,f/ ESif;zwfawG[m ajrjyifwpfvTm;rSm
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'l;qpfjrKyfavmufatmif usaew,f/ 'gudkyJ avuwtm;wdkufaeawmh ESif;zwf

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edrdwfykHwpfykHjzpfoGm;w,f/ 'geJU rNyD;ao;bl;/ avw[l;[l; wdkufae&mrSm
t0wfpkwfawG[m awmifyHcwf[ef? ckefqGckefqG vkyfae[efl xif&w,f/
'Davmufat;jrwJU tcg&moDrSm rD;vQHawG avmifuRrf;aewmeJU wlyifwlao;
awmhowJU/ t0wfpavvGifhaeykHu csKd;ESdrfr&wJU qE´&r®ufeJU rdk;qD vufajrSmuf
aeykHeJU wljyefowJU/
'DwGif uRefawmfwdkU awGU&wmu 'D 'kwd,ydkif;rSm jyifyavmut0dnmPu
ESif;zwfeJU nudkzGJUaew,fvdkUxifaewm vludkzGJUaewmygvm;&,fvdkU oabmayguf
rd&wmygyJ/ apmapmu v,form;BuD;[m tvkyfeJU vufeJU rjywfol? em;&rSmudkyJ
wGefUwdo
k lvdkU zwfcJU&NyD/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh b0wPSmjyif;xefolvdkU rSwfcsufcs
&rSmaygh/ tckaemufqkH;tydk'frSm olvTifhypf xm;wJU t0wfpkwfudkuyJ avwdkufvdkU
vIyfvGifhae&mrSm b0wPSmjyif;jyaeav[ef awGUMu&jyef w,f/ b0wPSmqdw
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touf&Sif&yfwnfa&;twGuf &kef;ueftm;xkwfwJUaZmygyJ/ v,form; BuD;[m
b0&yfwnfa&;? toufqufa&; wdkufyGJtwGuf b,favmufawmif xufoef
aew,f qdkwmudk tifrwefxufjrufwJU edrdwfykHeJU azmfusL;xm;wmyJ jzpfyg
awmhw,f/
]aqmEéwf}vdkU acgif;pOfwyfxm;wJUtwdkif;? rl&if;uAsma&;zJGUykHu wpfyg'
(wpfaMumif;rSm) tu©&m 10 vkH;ygw,f/ £,rÁrMwmudk okH;xm;w,fav/
wpfyg'jcm; um&ef,lxm;w,f/ yg' 14ckyg0ifw,f/ bmomjyefrSmawmh
olUenf;pepftwdkif; rvdkufEdkifawmhygbl;/ jzpfovdkyJ vGwfvyfuAsm ykHpH
wifqufvdkufygw,f/
aqmEéwf
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rD;zdktvif;c ckHay: ESajrmwpf0uf xdkifcsrd?

av;vH olUud,
k f&JU cGifhjyKcsuf tjynfheJUy?
tm;avQmhvdkufwJU taetxm;rsKd;ygay?
jyif;xefauseyfrI toGifaMumifhom r[kwf&if/
jyifbufrSm n[m {&mrusD;wpfaumif

pGefUypf t0wfqDES,f 'dkufAifxdk;cs?
wGef;xdk;cH ESif;zwf rdkiftrsm; 'l;xd epf&my/
awmifyHacwf ckefqG? rD;wpfrsKd;ES,f?

vTifhypf vufawG rdk;qD vGifharsm?
tEdkifrcH &r®uf&JU vuf[efrsm;/
&pfcs'f pDvbm
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92
A STRANGE WIND
A strange wind is blowing, dust fills our eyes;
We turn and walk the unintended way.
We press our sore eyes and reopen them
to expanded horizons, to a new day.
The narrow circle of our cherished experience breaks,
our trusted gods dissolve and ghosts vanish,
disembodied voices announce the world news
we see the hidden side of the moon;
the dead man's eye transfers to the living;
the atom splits and the nightingale croaks;
economics opposes charity,
law protects wizards and forbids justice;
the small nation shouts, and the big one brags;
futile raids cease, and global wars commence;
and the rude son strikes the father......
Timothy Wangusa
(Uganda)
umvajymif;jyef
rEåav;acwf&JU aw;uAsmrsm;eJU uRrf;0ifolwdkif; tJ'Dacwfu

u0dtausmftarmfrsm; jzpfMuwJU pavOD;ykn? tcsKyfwef;q&maz polwkdU&JU
uvd,k*fzGJU uAsmrsm;qdkwmudk NyKH;rdMuzl; r,f/ ckacwfBuD;rSm (olwkdUwpfawG&JU
om
acwfBuD;rSm) a&S;&dk;pOfvmawG ysufjym;um vmu uajymif;ujyefawG

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jzpfukefMuNyD jzpfaMumif;? arsmufuvludk ajcmufumolcdk;u vlvl[pfNyD;

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]bl;awmif;epfvdkU apmifcsrfay:}&NyD jzpfaMumif;pwJU tzJGUrsm; jzpfygw,f/

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olwkdUacwfu acwfpm;wJU aw;xyfeJUa&;zGJUMuwmrsm;w,f/ erlemtjzpf
q&mpav&JU aw;xyfwpfydk'frSm-
]umvES,f qdk;ygbd?
olcdk;u vlvl?
awmavhayguf eef;rl?
tdrfoludk {nfhapmif;?
olaumif;udk ouú&mZfwif?
awmif,m&Sif arsmuf vdkufvdkUarmif;?
av;wpf&mqD rSefvQif
a&eHavmuf raumif;}
pojzifh a&;xm;wmrsKd;/
aw;wyftjyif pmwrf;? av;csKd;BuD; ponfwkdUeJU uvd,k*fzGJU
a&;Muwmrsm;vJ awGU&ao;w,f/ zdk;olawmfOD;rif;? usnf;uef&SifBuD;? ipOfhyg
q&mawmfpolwkdU a&;zGJUMuwmawGygyJ/ pmqdkawG[m udk,fa&mufaewJUacwfudk
tjypfjrifMuNyD; a&S;a&S;acwfuvdk r,Ofaus;bl;/ a&S;&JUaumif;jrwfwJU tpOftvm
awG uG,fyukefNyDvdkU acwfwdkif;rSm nnf;cJUMuw,feJU wlygw,f/ rEåav;acwf?
tr&yl& acwfwifrubl; onfhxufwufoGm;vJ 'Dwdkif;awGU&rSmyJ/ 'gaMumifh
bk&m; vufxufu aumovrif;BuD; tdyfrufqdkwm &SdcJUwmaygh/
'Dtcsufudk urÇmhEdkifiHwdkif;rSm awGU&w,f/ &SdwfpyD;,m;&JU pmtrsm;pk[m
uvd,k*fnnf; csif;awGygyJ/
tck tmz&duwdkuf ,l*E¨mEdkifiHu uAsmq&m&JU uvd,k*fzGJU

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aw;uAsmwpfyk'fudk azmfjyvdkw,f? uAsmtrnf-

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A strange wind wJU/ avxl;avqef;? xl;qef;wJU rkefwdkif;?

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avpdrf;pojzifh qdkvdk w,f/

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A strange wind is blowing avxl;avqef;? olpdrf;qefwJU

avrkefwdkif;? wdkufae usr[kwfwJUav? wdkufcwfaew,f/
dust fills our eyes igwkdU rsufpdawGudk zkefjynfhukefaygh?
rsufpdxJzkef0ifaygh/
We turn and igwdkUvSnfhum
walk the uninterided way &nf&G,f&if; r[kwfwJUvrf;udk

avQmufMu&aygh
We press our sore eyes emaewJU rsufpdawGudk (vufeJU)zdum
and reopen them rsufvkH;awGudk zGifhMunfhvdkuf&ifawmh

(bmawGudkjrif&ovJqdk&if)
to expanded horizons wdk;csJUxm;wJU rdk;ukwfpuf0dkif;awG
to a new day acwfopf (wdkUudk jrif&w,f)
rSwfcsuf/ / t*Fvdyfvdk a&;xm;ykHu ]wdk;csJUxm;wJU

rdk;ukwfpuf0dkif;awGqD? acwfopf qD rsufpdrsm;udk jyefzGifhvdkufw,f}vdkU jzpfw,f/
jrefrmjyef&mrSm 'DtpDtpOfudk ajymif;ypfvdkuf w,f/
The narrow circle of our cherished experience

igwkdUjrwfEdk;wJUtawGUtBuKH puf0dkif;usOf;usOf;/ igwkdU&JU a&S;&dk;pOfvm todynm
A[kokw[m r<u,f0vSygbl;? 'gayr,fh igwkdU jrwfEdk;w,f/ ckawmh a&S;&dk;pOfvm
A[kokwynmav;[m....
breaks usKd;aygufcJU&NyD (acwfopfynm A[kokw<u,f0wmaMumifh

a&S;&dk;pOfvm todynmqdkwmawG tvum; jzpfukef&NyDvdkU qdkvdkw,f/)
our trusted gods dissolve igwkdU ,kHMunftm;xm;cJUMuwJU ewfawGvJ
om
uG,fcJU&NyD/
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wapäawGvJ aysmufuG,f&NyD/ 0dnmOfac:rI

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and ghosts vanish

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disembodied voices udk,fcE¨mrJUwJU toHawGu
announce the world news urÇmhowif;udk aMunmaeNyD (a&'D,dku
owif; aMunmwmudk ajymwm)

We see the hidden side of the moon v&JU uG,faewJUbuf
(rjrif&wJU [dkbufwpf jcrf;)udkigwkdU jrifMu&NyD/

the dead man's eye aool&JUrsufvkH;u
transfers to the living ouf&SdvlqD ajymif;a&TUoGm;NyD (rsufvkH;tpm;xdk;
wyfqif wmudk qdkvdkw,f)

the atom splits tufwrfuGJwm (tPkjrLpGrf;tm; xkwfvkyfrI)?
tufwrf&JU EsLudvd ,mpfudk cGJvdkufawmh pGrf;tifwpfykHwpfacgif; xGufvmwm?
EsLuvD,m zpf&Sifudk ajymwm/
and the nighthingale croaks Edkufwifa*;vfqdkwJU

tifrweftoHomwJU iSufuzm;vdk tkHUtif-tkHUtifvdkU atmfawmhw,f/
'gvJuaeUacwf ZD0aA' prf;oyfrI&JU atmifjrifcsufwpfckyg yJ/
economics opposes charity abm*aA' 'geudk qefUusifaew,f/
law protects wizards pkef;ua0(arSmfq&m) wkdUudk Oya' u

umuG,faew,f/
and forbids justice w&m;rQwrIudk wm;jrpf[efUwm;aew,f/
the small nation shouts EdkifiHi,fuav;u (tr,fav;)

atmfae&w,f/
and the big one brags EdkifiHBuD;uawmh 0g<um;aeavw,f/
futile raids cease tcsnf;ESD;0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufrIrsm; &yfpJNyD/

a&S;wkef;uawmh wpfe,fuwpfe,f usL;ausmf0ifa&mufwmawG &SdcJUw,f/
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wdkufcdkufNyD; udk,fht&yf udk,fjyefMuwmyJ/ e,fajrpdk;rdk;wm&,fvdkU r&SdcJUbl;/

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96
and global wars commence urÇmhppfyGJawG pwifukefNyD/
and the rude son rdkuf&dkif;wJUom;
strikes the father tazudk &dkufNyD
a&S;&dk;tpOftvmudk jrwfEdk;ol tmz&dwdkufom;wpfOD;u odyÜHynm

xGef;um;aewJU uaeUacwfopfBuD;udk uajymif;ujyefacwfBuD;&,fvdkU jrifum
nnf;nLvdkufykH a&;zGJUxm;wmyJ jzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh odyÜHynm wdk;wuf
vmwmwifrubJ vlrIa&;? ,Ofaus;rIawGyg a&S;eJUrwl azmufjyefvmwmudkvnf;
nnf;wGm;oGm;ao;w,f/ uAsmudk a&;zGJUykHu [moqefqefuav;rdkU uRefawmf
wkdUwpfawG yxrawmh NyKH;rdMu&ao;w,f/ aemufrS ajym&if;ajym&if;
av;eufvmNyD; olajymwm t[kwfom;ygvm;vdkU todw&m;0ifum ausmcsrf;oGm;
rd&awmhw,f/
avxl;avqef; wdkufaew,fqdkwm ywf0ef;usif tajctae ajymif;vJae
wmudk qdkvdkwm jzpfygw,f/
acwftajctaeudk olUvdk a&S;&dk;orm;u r0ifqHUaewmudk avaMumifh
rsufpdxJ zkef0if& w,fvdkU a&;zGJUygw,f/ a&S;&dk;twdkif; rvdkufEdkifawmhwmudk
&nf&G,f&if; r[kwfwJUvrf; vdkufae& w,fvdkU zGJUw,f/ acwfopfrSm
todynme,fy,f? pD;yGm;a&;e,fy,f? vlrIa&;e,fy,fus,fvm wmudk wkd;csJU
vmwJU rdk;ukyfpuf0dkif;awGvdkU qdkvdkwmyg/ 'DawmhbmjzpfovJ/ olwkdUa&S;&dk;pOfvm
vufqifhurf;vmMuwJU todynmav;eJU rjzpfawmhbl;/ olwkdU&JUa&S;&dk;todawG
acwfrSdefukefMu&NyD/ ewfudk;uG,frIawGqdkwm &,fp&mjzpfukef&NyD/ 'Dwif odyÜHynm
wdk;wufykHudk Oyrmjyygw,f/ cE¨mudk,frygbJ urÇmo
h wif;vTifhowJU/ rjrif&wJU
vwpfbufjcrf;udk tmumo,mOfxJu "mwfykH &dkufjyowJU/ vlaorsufvkH;eJU
om
vlaumif;rSm tpm;xdk;wyfqifay;owJU/ tufwrfudk cGJjyowJU/ aw;oDiSufudk

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zm;oHatmfatmfvkyfjyowJU/
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NyD;awmhrS (odyÜHynmpGrf;yum;udk &,fp&mvdk ajymjyNyD;umrS pD;yGm;a&;?

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EdkifiHa&;wkdUudk qufajymygw,f/ pD;yGm;a&;tjrift& axmufyHUulnDa&;qdkwm

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rjzpfEdkifygbl;wJU (iwfaewJU EdkifiHawGudk ulnD&r,fhtpm; *sKHawGudk rD;&IdUypfwmrsKd;
Oya'u pkef;ua0 (rw&m;jyKol)awGudk umuG,fay;aeowJU/ w&m;rQwrI
r&Sdbl;wJU/ EdkifiHi,fawG'ku©a&muf/ EdkifiHBuD;awG <um;0g aeowJU/
e,fcsif;0ifvkwmrsKd;r&SdawmhbJ urÇmppfawG jzpfukefowJU/ om;rdkufu zatudk
&dkufowJU/ 'DrSmwif uRefawmfwkdU rsufvkH;jyL;&awmhwmyJ/ olajymaewm
[kwfom;ygvm;/ 0dyÜwåd acwfBuD;ygvm;vdkU vefUzsyfoGm;rd&awmhw,f/
'gayr,fh 'gtxufem;u axmufjycJUovdk ckacwfrS jzpfwmawmh
r[kwfacsbl;/ ya0 a&S;uwnf;u 'DvdkjrifcJU? nnf;nLcJUMuwmcsnfh/ acwf
tqufquf'Dvdktqdk;awGeJU taumif; awG wGJaewmcsnf;/ ckacwfrSm urÇmppf
qdkwmvJ ESpfBudrfjzpfNyD;aemuf xyfrHjzpfzdkU r&Sdao;ygbl;/ om;u zatudk
&dkufwmvJ &Sm;rS &Sm;rQom/ &dkufwmrajymeJU owfwmrsKd;awmif ya0a&S;uvnf;
tZmwowf vufxufu &SdcJUao;wmyJ/
jrefrmvdk uAsmjyefa&;MunfhMu&atmif
avxl;avqef;
avtqef;wdkufae? wdkUrsufvkH; zkefjynfh?

vSnfhNyD;? r&nf&G,fwJUvrf; avQmufrdMu?
rsufpdemudk zdxm;? jyefzGifhvdkufawmh
wkd;csJUrdk;ukyfpuf0dkif;rsm;? acwfopf/
jrwfEdk;wJU tawGUtBuKH? puf0dkif;usOf; uGJ&?
udk;pm;&m ewfwdkU uG,f? wapäwdkU aysmuf?
udk,frJUtoHrsm;u urÇmo
h wif; aMunm?
om
v&JU uG,faewJU tjcrf;udk jrifMu&/

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tufwrf uGJ? Edkufwifa*;vf tkHUtifatmf/

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abm*aA'u 'geudkqefUusif?
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Oya' ua0udk umuG,f? w&m;udk jrpfwm;/
EdkifiHi,fu atmf? EdkifiHBuD;u <um;/
tcsnf;ESD;0if&dkufyJG Nidrf;? urÇmppfwkdU p/
om;rdkuf zcifudk &dkufESufaygh ....
wif;roD 0ef*kq
(,k*E¨m)
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99
TWO GIRLS SINGING
It neither was the words nor yet the tune.
Any tune would have done it and any words.
Any listener or no listener at all.
As nightingales in rocks or a child crooning
in its own world of strange awakening
or larks for no reason but themselves.
So on the bus through late November running
by yellow lights tormented, darkness falling,
the two girls sang for miles and miles together
and it wasn't the words or tune. It was the singing.
It was the human sweetness in that yellow,
the unpredicted voices of our kind.
Ian Crichton Smith
oDcsif;av;waMumfaMumf
oDcsif;qdkw,f? wl&d,mypönf;wpfckck wD;rIwfw,f? uAsmpyfw,f? yef;csD

qGJw,fqdkwJU tEkynmtvkyfqdkwm olrsm;twGuf jzpfEdkifovdk b,folUtwGufrS
r[kwf rdrdwpfOD;wnf; twGufvJ jzpfEdkifao;w,f/ ysif;vdkUaysmfvdkU oDcsif;uav;
nnf;rd? [pfrdw,f/ wpfudk,fwnf;rdkU *pfwmav; acgufaerdw,f/ pdwfajy
om
vufaysmuf a&aq;um;av;wpfum; a&;aerdw,fqdkwm rdrdwpfOD;wnf;twGuf

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vkyfwmyJaygh/ jrefrmpum;rSm ]a&csKd;cef;rif;om;}qdkwm &Sdygw,f/ vla&SU ola&SUrSm

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b,feHa&m tcgurS oDcsif;wpfyk'f rqdkzl;wJUol? a&csKd;cef;xJa&mufawmhrS

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wHcg;tvkH ydwfNyD; tm;&yg;& oDcsif;[pfawmhwmrsKd;udk &nfnTef;wmjzpfygw,f/

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olUMunfEl;rIol&SmaewmyJy/ tvm;wl awmifay:wuf&if;? v,fuGif;xJqif;&if;
oli,fcsif;wpfpk aw;aMumfwwfMuwm[m vJ tJ'Dtwdkif;yJ jzpfw,f/
'Dvdk b,folUudkrS r&nfpl;? udk,fhbmomudk,f wpfa,mufwnf; 'grSr[kwf
udk,fhtaygif; toif;eJUudk,f wpfpkwnf; aw;qdkMuwm[m aumif;csifvJ
aumif;r,f? raumif;csifvJ raumif; aybl;/ avhusifhxm;wJU tqdkawmf
rSr[kwfwm/ raumif;zdkU ydkrsm;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh aumif; aumif; raumif;aumif;
tEkynm? twwfynm &IaxmifhurMunfhbJ ajym&&if MunfEl;p&m?
aysmfp&maumif;wmuawmh trSefyJjzpfw,f/ 'DtaMumif;udk uAsmq&m
tD,efu&dkufwef prpfofu uAsmav;wpfyk'f a&;zGJUjyxm;w,f/ zwfMunfygbd/
acgif;pOfu Two Girls Singing rdef;uav;ESpfa,muf oDcsif;qdkMujcif;-

wJU/
It neither was the words (oDcsif;pmom;)pum;vkH;awGvJ r[kwfygbl;/
(pmom;u aumif;aewm r[kwfbl;)

nor yet the tune oDcsif;aw;oGm;tvdkufvJ r[kwfygbl;/ (oDcsif;tvdkuf
uav;u om,mvdkUvJ r[kwfbl;)

any tune would have done b,fvdk aw;oGm;tvdkufyJjzpfjzpf
tvkyfjzpfrSmyg yJ/ (aumif;rSmygyJ)
any listener em;axmifwJUol &Sd& Sd
or no listener at all em;axmifwJUol vkH;0r&Sd&Sd (aumif;rSmygyJ?

aumifrav; awGuqdkMurSmygyJ)
As nightingales in rocks ausmufaqmifawGxJu
Edkufwifa*;vfiSufrsm;vd k
or a child crooning uav;i,fav;wpfa,muf aw;nnf;aeovdk

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(0gusrqkH; ao;? b,fvdkaw;nnf;aewmvJ? qufzwf)

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in its own sorld of strange awakening tqef;wMu,f

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Edk;xvmcJU&wJU olUudk,fydkifurÇmav;xJrSm (vlBuD;rsm;tzdkUawmh

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urÇmavmuBuD;[m bmrSrqef; awmhygbl;? uav;i,frsm;tzdkUrSmawmh
urÇmavmuBuD;[m topftqef; BuD;jzpfaew,f? tcsdefra&G; 0ef;usifudk
Munfhrdwdkif; urÇmavmuBuD;[m opfqef; aeNyD; 'Dopfqef;wJU urÇmavmuxJ
tdyf &mu Edk;vm&ovdk uav;rSm cHpm;&ygw,f/ 'gudk
]tqef;wMu,fEdk;xvmwJU urÇmavmu}vdkU zGJUxm;wmyg)
or larks bDvkH;iSufrsm;vd k
for nor reason bmtaMumif;aMumifhrS r[kwfbJ
but for themselves olwkdUtwGufolwkdU? rdrdwdkUtwGufyJ olwkdU

(aw;oDMuw,f)
So tJovdk (Edkufwifa*;vfiSufrsm;vdk uav;i,fvdk? bDvkH;iSufrsm;vdk)
on the bus bwfpfum;ay:rSm
through late November Edk0ifbmv aESmif;ydkif;xJrSm

(Edk0ifbmvqdkpat;ygNyD/ Ekd0ifbmvaESmif;ydkif;qdkawmh awmfawmhudk at;vmNyDaygh/
tJ'D Edk0ifbmvaESmif;ydkif;&JU at;pdrfh wJU ntcgxJrSmvdkU qdkvdkw,f)
running ajy;aewJU (bwfpfum;&JU emr0daooe jzpfygw,f/

aygif;vdkuf&if ]Edk0ifbmvaESmif;ydkif;xJrSm ajy;aewJU bwfpfum;ay:rSm}vdkU
qdk&r,f)
by yellow lights tormented 0g0gxdefxdeftvif;wkdU&JU
nSOf;qJjcif;udkcH&vsuf (bwfpfum;&JU rD;a&mifawGu Edk0ifbmn&JU &Icif;udk
aESmifh,Sufaew,f)
darkness falling tarSmifxkusqif;vmaevsuf (tJovdktcsdef?

tJovdk0ef;usiftajctae xd ajy;aewJU bwfpfum;ay:rSm- bmjzpfovJ?
qufzwf)
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the two girls sang aumifrav;ESpfa,muf oDcsif;qdkMuw,f/

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for miles and miles together pkpkaygif;rdkifawG-rdkifawG

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tajrmuftjrm;rSm (wpfavQmufvkH; aw;qdkMuw,f)/ ('DvdkqdkvdkufwJUtwGuf

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102
bwfpfum;qdkwm &efukefNrdKUwGif;ajy;wJU bwfpfum;rsKd;r[kwfbJ &efukefeJU rEåav;?
&efukefeJU yk*HanmifOD;vdk ta0;BuD;oGm;wJU ta0;ajy;bwfpfum;vdkU uRefawmfwdkU
em;vnfvdkuf&w,f)
and it wasn't the words pmom;pum;vkH;awGaMumifhvJ r[kwfbl;/
or tune aw;oGm;tvdkufav;aMumifhvJ r[kwfbl;/
It was the singing oDcsif;qdkMuw,fqdkwmav;udku

(aumif;aewmjzpfw,f? Munf El;p&mjzpfw,f)
It was the human sweetness in that yellow tJ'g

0g0gxdefxdeftvif;xJrSm vlqefqef omom,m,m MunfEl;p&muav;jzpfw,f/
the unpredicted voices of our kind uRefawmfwdkU rsKd;EG,fwl

vlom;rsm;&JU cefUrSef;rxm;rdwJU toHrsm;yJ jzpfygw,f/ ('Dvlom;rdef;uav;awGrSm
'DvdktoHrsKd; &Sdvdrfhr,fvdkU BudKwifrod&SdMu&ygbl;/ ck oDcsif;qdkoHudk
Mum;&awmhrSyJ olwkdU toHudk Mum;zl;Mu&wm/ 'gaMumifh ]cefUrSef;rxm;rdwJU
toHrsm;}vdkUa&;w,f)
uAsmq&m[m bwfpfum;pD;NyD; c&D;a0;wpfckudk oGm;aeygw,f/ tcsdefu
aqmif;&moD Edk0ifbmv&JU aESmif;ydkif;? naeae0if&Doa&m at;pdrfhpdrfhtcsdef/
0ef;usifwpfckvkH; wdwfqdwf arSmifrnf;vdkUaew,f/ tvif;qkdvdkU bwfpfum;&JU
a&SUrD;awG&JU 0g0gxdefxdef tvif;a&mifawGyJ &Sdw,f/ tJovdk nnf;aiGU
acsmufcsm;zG,f tajctaersKd;rSm bwfpfum;ay:u b0wlc&D;onfrdef; uav;
ESpfOD;&JU waMumfaMumf aw;qdkvdkufMuoH xGufay:vmw,f/ rdef;uav;awG[m
rdkifaygif; rsm;pGm c&D;&SnfwpfavQmufvkH; aw;qdkvdkufygvmMuwmjzpfw,f/
oif;uav;wkdU&JU aw;oH[m uAsmq&mtzkdU MunfEl;ESpfNcdKufp&m jzpfoGm;
awmhw,f/ bmudkMunfEl;rdwmvJ/ oDcsif;pmom; pum;vkH;awGvm;? oDcsif;
om
aw;oGm;av;udkvm;/ r[kwfygbl;/ qdkaewJU rdef;uav;awGuvJ olrsm;awG

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em;axmif&atmif[JUqdkNyD; oDcsif;aumif;aumif;av;awGudk a&G;NyD; ususee

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qdkaewm r[kwfygbl;/ Edkufwifa*;vf iSufuav;awG aw;oDovdkvkd? uav;

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i,fwpfOD; olUbmomMunfEl;NyD; aw;nnf;ovdk? bDvkH;iSufrsm; aw;oDaMumf

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ovdk? bmtwGuf&,fr[kwf udk,fh[mudk,f aw;oDaeMuwmyg/ olwkdU
oDcsif;qdkwmudk em;axmif&wmudku MunfEl;rdw,fqdk&rSmyJ/ pmom; pum;vkH;
awG[m EkvdkU? vSvdkU? aw;oGm;tvdkufav;u om,mvGef;vdkUr[kwfygbl;/ oDcsif;
qdkw,fqdkwmudkuyJ MunfEl;p&m jzpfaewmyg/ oDcsif;qdkw,fqdkwm vlqefwm
yJjzpfw,f/ udk,fhb0wl vlom;awGrSm 'Dvdkom,mwJU aw;oHawG &Sdw,fqdkwm
em;vnfoabmayguf&wm? vlom;tcsif;csif;rSm olUrSm 'Dvdkom,mwJU
toHrsKd;&Sdyguvm;vdkU od&Sd&wm? 'guyJ MunfEl;p&m jzpfvm&wmygwJU/
rl&if;uAsmrSm yg'okH;aMumif;udk wpfydk'fEIef;eJU tydk'fav;ydk'f yg0if
zGJUpnf;xm;ygw,f/ wpfyg'rSm tu©&mq,fvkH; (wpfcgwavq,fhwpfvkH;)
yg0ifw,f/ rMwmpepfudk rokH;? pum;ajym &pforfudkokH;xm;w,f/ cyfqifqif
jrefrmvdk csa&;MunfhMur,f/
rdef;uav;ESpfa,mufaw;oD
pmom;vJ r[kwf? aw;oGm;vJ r[kwfbl;/

b,ftoGm;rqdk jzpfrSm? b,fpmom;rqdkyg/
em;axmifol &Sdcsif&Sd? em;axmifol r&Sdcsifae/
ausmufaqmifu Edkufwifa*;vfvdk? olydkif

xl;qef;Edk;x urÇmxJ aw;nnf;wJU uav;vdk?
bD;vkH;iSufwkdUvdk? bm&,fr[kwf? udk,fhbmomyJ
Edk0ifbmaESmif;xJ ajy;aewJU bwfpfum;ay:rSm?

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t0ga&mif&JU nSOf;qJcHum? tarSmifxk uspOf?

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rdkifawG rdkifawGaygif; trsm;rdef;uav;ESpfOD; aw;oD&JU/

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104
pmom;aMumifh? aw;oGm;aMumifhr[kwf/ aw;qdw
k mygyJ/
tJt0gxJu vlqefwJU MunfEl;zG,fuav;?
wdkUrsKd;EG,fpk&JU rarQmfvifhrdwJU toHawG/
tD,ef u&dkufwef prpfpfof
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MIIRROR
I an silver and exact. I have no preconceptions.
Whatever I see I swallow immediately.
Just as it is, unmisted by love or dislike.
I am not cruel, only truthful
The eye of a little god, fourcornered.
Most of the time I meditate on the opposite wall.
It is pink, with speckles. I have looked at it so long
I think it is a part of my heart. But it flickers.
Faces and darkness separate us over and over.
Now I am a lake. A woman bends over me,
Searching my reaches for what she really is.
Then she turns to those liars, the candles or the moon.
I see her back, and reflect it faithfully.
She rewards me with tears and an agitation of hands.
I am important to her. She comes and goes.
Each morning it is her face that replaces the darkness.
In me she has drowned a young girl, and in me an old woman
Rises towards her day after day, like a terrible fish.
Sylvia Plath
rSefMunfh&if idkcsifygbd
acwfa[mif;uAsmpmqdkwpfOD;u Z&mtaMumif;udk zGJUcJU&mrSm ....

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t&ifrl [efr&Sdyguvmh
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106
rSefMunfh&if idkcsifygbd
udk,ft*Fg,Gif;
&,fvdkU qdkxm;w,f/ tjcm;tvm;wl Z&mqdkwJU tdkrif; &ifha&mfrI
taMumif;zGJUwJU *Eå0if jrefrmuAsmawG 'keJUa';yg/ tif;0acwf &Sifr[moDv0Ho
wkdUuae acwftqufqufrSm &wk[ef? ysKdU[ef? a'G;csKd;-av;csKd;[ef? aw;xyf
[ef trsKd;rsKd;ygyJ/ Ak'¨bmom0if rsm;jzpfMuavawmh Zmwd? Z&m? r&PtaMumif;
uAsmawG? oHa0*aw;awG zGJUjzpfMuay wmaygh/ acwfay:uAsmq&mawGuaum
Z&mudk b,fvdkzGJUMuygovJ/ tck NAdwdefEdkifiH&UJ awmf0ifuAsmq&mr jzpfaewJU
wuf'f[,lZf&JU uAsmav;udk zwfMunfhapcsifygw,f/ uAsmu Z&mzGJUvdkU
trnfrcHayr,fh Z&meJU ed*kH;csKyfxm;wmudk awGU&ygvdrfhr,f/ zwfMunfhygbd/
uAsmacgif;pOfu Mirror vdkUjzpfygw,f/ ]aMu;rkH}aygh/ uAsmudka&;zGJUykHu
a&S;acwfuav;rsm; pum;xmzJGUMuwJU [efrsKd; jzpfw,f?
I am silver ig[m abmf(aiG)jzpfw,f/
and exact wdusw,f/
I have no preconceptions ighrSm BudKwif qkH;jzwfxm;wm r&Sdygbl;/
(taMumif;udpö wpfckudk BuKHawGUodjrif&wm r&Sa

d o;cifu BudKwifNyD; raumif;bl;?
aumif;&JU rSwfcsufcsxm;wJU bmoma&;? EdkifiHa&;? vlrsKd;a&;tjrifrsKd;udk
]BudKwifqkH;jzwf csuf}vdkU ac:ygw,f)
Whatever I see igjrif&orQud k
I swallow immediately ig csufcsif;rsKdcsypfw,f/ (0gusu rqkH;ao;?
qufzwf)
just as it is oljzpfaewJU twdkif;yJ (rsKdcsypfvdkufw,f) (0gusurqkH;ao;?
qufzwf)
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unmisted by love or dislike tcspfwkdU? trkef;wkdUaMumifh 0dk;0g;roGm;bl;?

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tcspftrkef;qdkwJU jrLrif;vGif zkH;uG,fjcif;r&Sdbl;/ cspf&if wpfrsKd;jrif rkef;&if

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I am not cruel ig&ufpufwm r[kwfygbl;/ (rSefu t&kyfqkd;wmudk
t&kyfqdk; aMumif;jywm[m &ufpufwm r[kwfygbl;/)
only truthful opöm&SdwmyJ jzpfygw,f/ trSefudktrSeftwdkif; jyaewmyJ
jzpfygw,f/
The eye of a little god ewfuav; wpfyg;&JU rsufvkH;yg/
fourcornered axmifhav;axmifh &Sdw,f/
Most of the time tcsdeftrsm;pkydkif;rSmawmh? rsm;aomtm;jzifhawmh...
I meditate on the opposite wall ig[m rsufESmcsif;qdkif eH&HudkyJ
ur®|mef;&Iaew,f/ (rsufESmcsif;qdkifeH&HyJ rSefxJrSmvmxifaew,f/)
It is speckles tpuftajymufawGeJU (oeyfcg;puf? a&arT;pufwdkU

pGef;xifaewm jzpfygvdrfhr,f/)
I have looked at it so long ig 'DeH&Hudk MunfhcJUwm MumvSNyDrdkU...
I think it is a part of my heart ighESvkH;om;&JU wpfpdwfwpfydkif;jzpfaeNyD
vdkU igxifrdw,f/
But it flickers 'gayr,fh olvIyfa&GUwwfw,f? rwnfNrJacsbl;/
Faces and darkness separate us over and over rsufESmawGeJU
tarSmifwkdUu igwkdUudk (rSefeJU eH&Hudk) cPcPcGJae&apw,f/
Now I am a lake ckawmh ig a&tdi

k fwpftdkif jzpfcJUNyD/
A woman bends over me rdef;rwpfa,muf ightay: ikHUudkif;vdkufw,f/
Searching my reaches for what she really is ol

wu,fhwu,fb,fvdk&Sdw,f qdkwmudk igha&jyifwpf0ef;rSm &SmazG&if; (ikHUudkif;
vdkufw,f/) rSefom;jyifrSm olU&kyfoGifudk &SmMunfhwmudk ajymwm/
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Then she turns to those liars, the candles or the moon 'Daemuf
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awmh olvlvdrfvlnmawGomjzpfMuwJU za,mif;wdkifrsm;eJU vqD vSnfhoGm;awmh

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w,f/ (rSefuom rdrd&kyfoGifudk trSeftwdkif;jyEdkifw,f/ za,mif;wdkifu? vu
rjyEdkifbl;/ 'gaMumifhza,mif;wkdifeJU vudk vlvdrfvlnmvkdU ac:xm;w,f/)
I see her back ig olUausmjyifudk jrif&w,f/
and reflect it faithfully tJ'D ausmjyifudk opöm&Sd&SdyJ

xif[yfjyvdkufygw,f/
She rewards me with tears and an agitation of hands olu
ighudk rsuf&nfawGeJU? vufa0SU,rf;umeJU qkcsygw,f/
I am important to her ig[m olUtzdkU ta&;BuD;ygw,f/
She comes and goes olvmvdkuf oGm;vdkufyJ? tcef;xJ0ifvmvdkuf?
xGufoGm; vdkufyJ/
Each morning reufwdkif;rSm? wpfreuf wpfreufqDrSm
it is her face that replaces the darkness tarSmifxkae&mrSm
tpm;0ifvm wm olUrsufESmygyJ/
In me she has drowned a young girl ightxJrSm ol[m
uav;rav;wpf a,mufudk a&ESpfowfcJUNyD/
and in me an old woman rises towards her day after day
ightxJrSm tr,ftdkBuD;wpfa,muf olUqD a&S;&IxvmaeNyD/ wpfaeUNyD; wpfaeUyJ/
like a terrible fish aMumufzG,f ig;wpfaumifvdk
(tr,ftdkBuD;olUqDa&S;&Ivm aeNyD/)
uAsmacgif;pOfudk ]aMu;rkH}vdkU wyfxm;vdkUom uRefawmfwkdU vG,fvG,f

ululeJU ola&;zGJUaewm aMu;rkHygvm;vdkU od&wmjzpfw,f/ tJovdk r[kwfbJ
]pum;xm}vdkUom qdkcJU&if (uAsmwpfyk'fudkawmh tJ'Dtwkdif;yJ ]pum;xm}vdkU
om
qDvAD,m yvmhof wyfxm;zl; w,f/) uRefawmfwdkU pmzwfolawG tawmfuav;

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OD;aESmufajcmuf&OD;rSm/ uAsmudkaMu; rkHu ajymjyav[ef a&;zGJUxm;w,f/

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ol[m abmfaiGjzpfw,fwJU/ olUrSm b,folUuda

k wmh b,fvdkoabmxm;
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r,fqdkwJU BudKwifqkH;jzwfxm;wmrsKd; r&Sdygbl;wJU/ cspfol rkef;olr[l t&Sdudk

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t&Sdtwdkif; xif[yfjy vdkufwmyJ/ &ufpufwmawmhr[kwfygbl;/ trSefudk
trSeftwdkif; xkwfazmfwwfwm? opöm &SdwmygyJwJU/ olUudk axmifhav;axmifheJU
ewfuav;wpfyg;vdkU qdkEdkifw,f/ wpfaeUvkH;&JU tcsdefrsm;&mydkif;rSm wpfzufu
eH&HudkyJMunfhae&wmygyJ/ eH&Huyef;a&mif? tpuftajymuf awGeJU/ (oeyfcg;puf?
a&arT;puf pwmwkdU ayusHaewm&ifvJ jzpfr,f/ tpuftajymuf awGeJU
'DZdkif;azmfxm;wJU eH&HuyfpuúL (wallpaper) uyfxm;wm&ifvJjzpfr,f/) 'DeH&HudkyJ

wpfaeukefwpfaecef; Munfhae&vGef;awmh eH&H[m olUESvkH;om;&JU wpfpdwf
wpfydkif;awmif jzpfae&NyD/ 'gayr,fh eH&H[m tNrJoleJUcsnf;rsufESmcsif;qdkifae&wm
r[kwfbl;/ olwkdUESpf a,mufMum; vlrsufESmawGu ay:vmvdkuf? tarSmifu
usvmvdkufeJUygyJwJU/
tJ'Daemuf aMu;rkHu olUudk,fol a&tdi
k fwpftdkifES,f wifpm;vdkufjyefw,f/
rdef;r wpfa,muf olUtay:ikHUudkif;vdkufNyD; olwu,fhwu,f b,fvdk&SdaevJ?
olU&kyfykH b,fvdk vJqdkwmudk odcsifvkdU aMu;rkH&JUa&jyifrSm &SmazGMunfhaew,fwJU/
rSefMunfhaewmudkyJ zGJUae wmjzpfygw,f/ tJ'Daemufawmh rSefqDuae zJcGmum
za,mif;wdkifawGeJU vudkai;Munfh aejyefawmhowJU/ za,mif;wkdifwkdU? vwdkU
qdkwmu tvif;a&mifay;Muayr,fh &kyfoGifudk xif[yfjyEdkifpGrf; r&SdMuygbl;/
'gaMumifh olwkdUudk vlvdrfvlnmawGvdkU ac:vdkufw,f/ aMu;rkH[m olUqdu
vSnfhxGufoGm;wJU rdef;r&JUausmjyifudk a&mifjyef[yfvdkufw,f/ 'gudkyJ rdef;ru
rsuf&nfawG? vuf,rf;jywmawGeJU qkvmbfcsvdkufw,f/ olUykHudk rxif[yfygeJU
awmhayghav/ 'gayr,fh aMu;rkH[m olUtzkdUta&;BuD;ygw,f/ aMu;rkHxm;&m
tcef;xJ 0ifcsnfxGufcsnf vkyfaewmyg/ wpfnvkH; xifcJU&wJU
tarSmif&dyf&JUae&mrSm reufwdkif; 'Drdef;r&JUykH&dyfu tpm;xdk;0ifa&mufaeus?
'DaMu;rkHqdkwJU a&tdi
k fxJrSm 'Drdef;r[m rdef;r ysKdav;wpfa,mufudk a&ESpf
om
owfcJUNyD/ rdef;rysKdav;&JU ykH&dyf[m aMu;rkHxJu xGufrvm awmhygbl;/ olUtpm;

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tbGm;tdkBuD;wpfa,mufyJ rSefxJuaeNyD; 'Drdef;rudk ajcmufvSefUjy aeygawmhowJU/

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aMumufp&maumif;wJUtr,ftdkBud;/ t&kyfqdk;qdk;ig;wpfaumifeJUyJ wlao;awmh

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uAsmq&mr qDvAD,myvmhof[m 1963ckESpfu i,fi,f&G,f&G,feJUyJ
olUudk,fol owfaocJUygw,f/ ol tJovdk rdrdudk,frdrdtqkH;pD&ifoGm;wm[mjzifh
olUuAsmxJrSm ygwJUtwdkif; rSefMunfhvdkufwdkif; i,fEkvSywJUvkHrav; xGufrvm
awmhbJeJU t&kyfqdk;qdk; ig;BuD; wpfaumifES,f tbGm;tdkBuD;wpfa,mufyJ rSefxJu
xGufjyvmwmudk vefUzsyfNyD;vkyfoGm; cJU&Smwmrsm;vm;/
tckuAsmudk jrefrmuAsm jyefMunfhMur,f.....
aMu;rkH
ig[m abmf? ighrSm BudKwifqkH;jzwfxm;wmr&Sd/

igjriforQudk csufcsif;yJ rsKdcsw,f/
&SdaewJU twdkif;yJ? tcspftrkef; jrL rvTrf;/
ig r&ufpufbl;? opöm&SdwmyJ jzpfw,f/
ewfav;wpfyg;&JU rsufvkH;? axmifhav;axmifheJU/
tcsdeftrsm;pk wpfzufeH&Hudk &IrSwfaew,f/
yef;Eka&mifyg? tpufawGeJU? Munfh&wm MumordkU
ighESvkH;&JU wpfydkif;jzpfNyD? 'gayr,fh rwnfbl;/
rsufESmawGeJU tarSmifu wkdUudk xyfcgxyfcgcGJ&JU/
tck ig a&tdkif? rdef;rwpfa,muf ighay: ikHU/

ol wu,f b,fvdkqdkwm igh a&jyifrSm &Sm/
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aemuf za,mif;wdkifawGeJUv? vlvdrfawGqD vSnfhoGm;/

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ig olUausmudk jrif? opöm&Sd&Sd xif[yfrd/

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rsuf&nfawG vuf,rf;wmawGeJU qkcs/

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olUtzdkU ig ta&;BuD;om;? ol vmcsnf oGm;csnfom/
reufqdk tarSmifudk tpm;xdk;wm? olUrsufESmy/
ightxJ vkHrav;udk olESpfowf? ightxJu tr,ftdk
aeUpOfeJUtrQ olUqDxGufvm? aMumufzG,f ig;ES,fom/
qDvAD,m yvmhof
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LONE DOG
I'm a lean dog, a keen dog, a wild dog, and lone;
I'm a rough dog, a tough dog, hunting on my own;
I'm a bad dog, a mad dog, teasing silly sheep
I love to sit and bay the moon, to keep fat souls from sleep.
I'll never be a lap dog, licking dirty feet,
A sleek dog, a meek dog, cringing for my meat,
Not for me the fireside, the wellfilled plate,
But shut door, and sharp stone, and cuff, and kick, and hate.
Not for me the other dogs, running by my side,
Some have run a short while, but none of them would bide.
O mine is still the lone trail, the hard trail, the best,
Wide wind, and wild stars, and the hunger of the quest.
I. R . Macleod
wpfa,mufwnf;aecsifw,f
owå0gtrsm;pk[m ttkyftzGJUeJU aeavh&Sdygw,f/ vl? acG;? jcaoFh? qif?

orif? '&,futp? yk&Gufqdwftxd/ usm;pwJUowå0gtenf;i,fuawmh tkyfzGJU
aeavhr&Sdbl;/ tkyfzGJUaeavhaex&SdwJU owå0gxJrSmvJ tkyfxJrSmrae? wpfOD;wnf;
aewJU owå0g&,fvdkU &Sdwwfw,f/ vlxJrSmudkyJ vlysKdBuD;? tysKdBuD;wkdU? awmaysmf
om
&aoh&[ef;wkdU &SdaywmyJ/ usrf;*efrsm;rSm wpfOD;wnf;aeum w&m;usifh&wm

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({upm&D)csrf;omokc&SdvSaMumif; (ta[mokcH) zGJUEGJUa&;om;xm;wmawG trsm;

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tjym;yJ zwf&IEdkifw,f/
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jrefrm edAÁdE´ uAsmqdkwm 'DtusifhrsKd;udk trTef;wifwJU uAsmrsKd;jzpfw,f/
EdkifiHjcm; uAsmrsm;rSmvJ wpfudk,fwnf;ae&wm pdwfcsrf;omykH? vGwfvGwf
vyfvyf&SdykHawG a&;zGJUMu wmawG 'keJUa';/ tckwifjyvdkufwJU acwfay:uAsmuvJ
'DtaMumif;udk acG;&Iaxmifh uae wifqufxm;wmyg/
acgif;pOf Lone Dog u]wpfaumifwnf;acG;}aygh/
I'm a lean dog ig[m ydefyg;yg; acG;wpfaumifjzpfw,f/
a keen dog pdwftm;xufoefwJU acG;wpfaumif (jzpfw,f)
a wild dog awm&dkif;acG;wpfaumif (jzpfw,f)
and alone wpfaumifwnf; (jzpfw,f)
«a&SUqkH;u am udk ajymNyD;wJUaemuf aemufxyfrajymawmhbl;»

I'm a rough dog ig[mMurf;wrf;wJU acG;wpfaumif jzpfw,f/
a tough dog rmausmwJUacG;? axmifusus jym;usus cHEdkif&nf&SdwJUacG;
(jzpfw,f)
hunting on my own ighbmom igtrJvdkufw,f? vlarG;wJU acG;rsm;vdk
tkyfpkeJU rvdkufbl;? 0HykavGrsm;vdk tkyfpkzGJU trJrvdkufbl;/
I'm a bad dog ig[m acG;qdk;wpfaumifyg/
a mad dog &l;rdkufrdkuf acG;wpfaumifyg ('Dae&mrSm mad [m

]acG;&l;}a&m*g &Sdwmudk ajymwmr[kwfbJ &l;&l;rdkufrdkufaewwfwJU
oabmobm0udk qdkvdkw,f)
teasing silly sheep tlwlwl tww odk;awGudk aemufajymifwwfw,f/
(odk;qdk wm &dk;twJUowå0gvdkU qdkprSwfjyKMuw,f? olUvdak cG;rsKd;udk wjcm;owå0gqdk

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b,frIvdrfh rvJ/ odk;awGuawmh olUudkyJaMumufwm? olu vdkuf[efjyK&if;

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ajy;Muwm/ 'gaMumifh &dk;tt okd;awGvdkUajymwm/ 'Dodk;awGudkyJ olu

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tysif;ajyaemufajymifajcmufvSefUavh&Sd ygowJU/)
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I love to sit and bay the moon igu xdkifNyD; vudkMunfhum a[mif
&wmudk odyfobmuswm (vom&if acG;rsm;a[mifwwfygw,f/) bmvdkUvJ

qdkawmh-
to keep fat souls from sleep 0wJUvlawG tdyfvdkUr&atmif
(a[mif&wmudk oabmuswm)
'DrQxdqdk&ifyJ 'DacG;[m odk;awGudk wu,fvJ rudkufbJeJU vdkufpvdkuf?
0wJUvlawG tdyfa&;ysufatmif vudkMunfhNyD; a[mifvdkufeJU? awmfawmf
aysmfwwfyg;wwfwJU acG;yJvdkU uRefawmfwkdUodMu&NyD/ 'Dvdk aysmfaysmfae wwf
avawmh-
I'll never be alap dog ig[m b,fawmhrS vlawGcspfpEdk;arG;wJU

acG;uav;vdk rsKd; rjzpfEdkifbl;wJU/
licking dirty feet (vlawG&JU)npfywfaya&wJU ajcaxmufawGudk
vQmeJUvsuf ay;&wJU (acG;uav;rsKd; rjzpfEdkifbl;wJU)
sleek dog (tarG;trSif)El;nHUwJU acG;wpfaumif
meek dog (trlt&m) odrfarGUaysmhaysmif;wJU acG;wpfaumif
cringing for my meat (ocifu auR;r,fh) tom;twGuf

atmufusKdUwwf wJU (acG;wpfaumif) rjzpfEdkifbl;wJU
Not for me the fireside rD;zdkab; (auG;&a&;qdkwm) ightwGuf
r[kwfbl;? igu rD;zdkab;vJ rauG;csifygbl;? (acG;rsm;vlUqDvmaeMuwm[m
tpmauR;vdkU&,f t&dyftm0g oay;vdkU&,fjzpfw,f/ at;wJUa'orsm;rSm tdrfxJ
rD;zdkeHab; auG;&wmudkacG;rsm; tvGef ESpfNcdKufygw,f/)
the wellfilled door 'gayr,fh (tJovdk yef;uefjym;eJU tjynfh

xnfhauR;xm;ayr,fh tjyifrxGuf&bJ tdrf) wHcg;ydwfxm;wm (igtvdkr&Sdbl;)
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and sharp stone (tcefUroifh&if) cJcRefcRefeJU (ypfaygufvdkufwmrsKd;)

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igrcHEdkif bl;/
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and cuff vuf0g;eJU &dkufwm (rcHEdkifbl;/)

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and kick ajcaxmufeJU uefwm (tvdkr&Sdbl;)
and hate (ocifu cspfOD;awmh wjcm;vlrsm;u)rke;fMuwm (tvdkr&Sdbl;)
Not for me the other dogs, running by my side ighab;em;u
ajy;vsuf wjcm;acG;rsm;[mvJ ightwGufr[kwfbl;/ (ighab;em;u wjcm;acG;awG

twl,SOfajy;wmvJ igtvdkr&Sdbl;)
Some have run a short while wcsKdU(acG;rsm;)
cPwpfjzKwfajy;cJUMuw,f/
but none of them would bide olwkdUxJu b,ftaumifrS ZGJebJawmh
r&Sdacsbl;/ Mum&SnfrcHbl;/
'DESpfyg'u &Gmom;rkqdk;rsm; arG;xm;wJU trJvdkufacG;rsm;udk nTef;ajym

aewmjzpfygw,f/ ol[m tJ'DtrJvdkufrkqdk;&JU acG;rsm;xJrSm wpfaumiftjzpf
yg0ifNyD; olwkdUeJUtwl rajy;Edkifbl;wJU/ olwkdU[m olUajcudk rDMur,f r[kwfbl;/
tvum;acG;awGvdkUqdkw,f/
O mine is still the lone trail tdk igh(b0)c&D;vrf;u wpfaumifwnf;
vrf;rQom
the hard trail cufcJwJU vrf;rQom
the best taumif;qkH;vrf;rQom/
(ol&JU wpfaumifwnf; c&D;vrf;[m cufcJw,f/ 'gayr,fh taumif;qkH;

vrf;yJwJU) bmaMumifhvJ
Wide wind us,fjyefUwJU av (tdrfxJ? tcef;xJ usOf;usOf;ajrmif;ajrmif;
wdkuf&wJU avrsKd; r[kwfbJ awmxJawmifxJ vGifjyifxJtqD;twm;r&Sd

wdkufaewJUavrdkU us,fjyefU wJUavvdkUqdkw,f)
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and wild stars t&dkif;tpdkif;Mu,fawG (aumif;uifjyifus,frSm

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vGwfvGwfvyfvyf oGm;vmaeMuwmrdkU Mu,fawGudk ]&dkif;pdkif;}w,fvdkU ac:xm;

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w,f/ oluvJ awm&dkif; acG; qdkavawmh oleJUb0wlawG jzpfukefwmaygh)

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and the hunger of the quest &SmykHawmf&JU rGwfodyfrI (&SmykHawmfqdkwm
qkH;w,fudk r&Sdawmhbl;/ wpf&Smwnf;&Smae&wm/ 'gudkyJ&Sm&olu t&om

awGUaewm/ 'gaMumifhvJ pGefUpm;olrsm;[m &SmazGa&;c&D;udk xGufMuwmy/ 'DpGefUpm;
olwkdU&Jupdwf"mwf udk]&SmykHawmf rGwfodyfrI}vdkU ac:w,f)
uAsmudk wpfaumifwnf;acG;u ajymjy[ef a&;zGJUxm;ygw,f/ 'DvdkacG;rsKd;
&SdEdkif wmygyJ/ 'gayr,fh uAsmwpfyk'fvkH;udk zwfNyD;wJUtcg 'gacG;wifr[kwfbl;/
vludkvJ ajymEdkifwmyJ&,fvdkU oabmaygufvmayvdrfhr,f/
yxr yg'av;ckrSm zGJUxm;wmawGuawmh acG;eJUqdkifwJU taMumif;t&m
awGvdkU qdkEdkifygw,f/ yg' 5u pNyD;]ig[m npfywfwJU ajcaxmufawGudk
vsufay;wJU acG;uav; rsKd; r[kwfbl;} bmnmeJUajym&mrSmawmh vlUavmueJUyg
tusKH;0ifvmNyDvdkU qdk&ygvdrfh r,f/ vlawGxJrSmvJ ]zm;}w,fqdkwm 'grsKd;udk
ajymwmyJ r[kwfvm;/ tJ'Daemuf qufajymwmrsm;[m ]olUqefpm; &Jap}qdkwJU
pum;ykHtwdkif; olUay;pmurf;pmudk pm;rd&if olUudk&dkusKd;&? aMumuf&?
rsufESmvkyf&wmawGudk ajymaewmyJ jzpfw,f/ vlU*kPo
f du©r&Sd? ]ajcokwfykqdk;?
a>rpG,fusKd;odkU}jzpfae&wmawGudk o&kyfazmfaewmyJ jzpf&w,f/
'DuAsmxJu acG;&JUpdwf"mwf[m ]olUuRefrcH}vGwfvGwfvyfvyfaevdkwJU
owå0g&JU pdwf"mwfrsKd;jzpfw,f/ taESmiftzGJUtcsKyftcs,fudk rkef;wD;wJU tEkynm
orm;ppfppfwkdU&JU pdwf"mwfrsKd; jzpfw,f/ 'Dvdkb0rsKd;[m qif;&Jyifyef;wmawmh
trSefyJ (the hard trail) 'gyar,fhcspfwwfolrsm;tzkdUawmh taumif;qkH;b0vrf;yJ
(the best) jzpfw,f/ ]xrif; wpfvkwfawmhjzifh? xif;ckwfawmh[JU} qdkolrsm;&JU

pdwf"mwfrsKd;aygh/ 'DtaMumif;udk aemuf qkH;yg'rSm ]Wike wind, and wild
stars, and the hunger of the quest} vdkU a&;zGJUxm;wmu nTefjyaew,f/
tu©&m 12 vkH;pDygwJU wpfyg'eJUwpfyg'tqkH; um&efnDxm;wJU tjyif

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(aabbcc pojzifh)? twGif;um&efav;awGvJ ,lum (lean/keen,

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rough/tough, bad/mad pojzifh) uAsmudk zGJUxm;w,f/ a&S;&dk;rMwmpepfudk

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rokH;bJ wpfyg'rSm *&koHav;ck yg&ifNyD;a&mqdkwJU pum;ajym&pforfudk

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okH;xm;w,f/ bmomjyefrSm twGif;um&efudkvdkuf&if pum;vkH;awG ajymif;ypf
&rSmrdkU (Oyrm-acG;ydef? acG;vdrf vkyfypf&r,f)rBudK;pm;awmhbl;/ yg'qkH;um&efyJ
,lawmhr,f/
wpfaumifwnf;acG;
ig[m acG;ydef? acG;xuf? acG;&dkif;? wpfaumifwnf;&,f?

ig[m acG;Murf;? acG;rm? ighomom trJvdkufw,f
ig[m acG;qdk;? acG;&l;? odk;tawGudk p&JU/
ig xdkif? vudk tl? vl0awG tdyfysufapwm cspfouG,fh/
ig[m ajcnpfawG &ufay;wJU acG;ysufr[kwf/
tom;twGuf atmufusKdUwJU acG;aysmh? acG;nHUr[kwf/
rD;zdkvJ ig rvdk? tpmjynfhcGufvJ ig rvdk?
wHcg;ydwf? cJeJUayguf? &dkuf[,f? uef[,f? rkef;[,f rvdk/
ighab; wjcm;acG;awG ajy;wm ighzdkUr[kwfoy?
wcsKdU cPajy;? wpfaumifrS BuHUBuHUrcHEdkifMu/
tdk ighc&D; wpfaumifwnf;c&D;? c&D;Murf; taumif;qkH;aygh/
us,fajymwJU av &dkif;wJU Mu,f? &SmykHawmf&JU rGwfodyfrIom/
tD-&-ruvDa,mh'f
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POMEPEII
Markets, temples, warehouses and wide
paved streets, treeshaded squares where stood
bombastic statues of dead magnates, showed
a laudable and decent civic pride;
while on the sloping, fertile mountain side,
farmsteads and vineyards studded on the rich
dark soil displayed those selfsame virtues which
had made the city wealthy, dignified
with public buildings, opulent white
marble terraces and glittering domes;
the brothels, barracks, and the sprawling slums
kept decently secluded, out of sight.
A thriving city, careful, prosperous;
but in the mountain's throat red lava rose.
David Holiday
NrdKUBuD;wpfNrdKU&JUordkif;
*syefrSm? zdvpfydkifrmS rD;awmifaygufuGJrIowif;awG tckwavm zwf&?

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yGrfay,Dqdkwm uaeUacwf £wvDjynf ADqkAd,mhpf(AqkA,kpf) rD;awmif
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awG[m a&mrEdkifiHawmfom;rsm; jzpfoGm;Mu&um om,m0ajym pnfum;wJU
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ivsif'PfaMumifh NrdKUwpfpdwfwpfa'o ysufpD;cJU&NyD; co79rSm awmh AdqkAD,mhpf
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vkH;0aysmufuG,foGm; cJU&NyD; 1748 ckESpfrSm wl;azmfMuawmhrS
olUemrnfxif&Sm;vmcJU&jyefw,f/ taqmufttkH awG? trGrf;trHawG[m
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yGrfay,DNrdKUBuD;taMumif; aqmif;yg;awG pmtkyfawG a&;vdkufMuwm
axmifaomif;csD aeygNyD/ &kyf&SifvJ &dkufzl;NyD/
tckacwfay:uAsmq&m a';Apfa[mvda';&JU ]]yGrfay,D}}uAsmudk
zwfMunfhMu& atmif/
Markets, temples, warehouses and aps;awG? 0wfausmif;awG?

*dka'gifawGeJU
wide paved streets us,f0ef;wJU ausmufcif;xm;wJU vrf;awG
treeshaded squares opfyifawGeJU t&dyftm0goaumif;

&&SdwJUyef;NcHBuD;awG (&ifjyifBuD;awG)
where tJ'Dyef;NcHBuD;awGrSm
stood bombastic statues of dead magnates uG,fvGefavNyD;ol
yk*¾dKvfBuD;rsm;&JU crf;em;x,f0g &kyfxkBuD;rsm; wnf&Sdw,f/ (magnate qdkwm

uaeUacwfrSm {&mr pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;ydkif&SifBuD;awGudk ac:wm jzpfaeygNyD/ acgr
a&mr acwfuawmh acgif;aqmifBuD;awGudkac:wJU pum;vkH; jzpfygw,f/ magna
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showed jyoaew,f ('DBud,m&JU uwåm;[m txufrSmqdkcJUwJU

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a laudable and decent civic pride csD;usL;zG,fjzpfwJU
oifhjrwfrSefuefwJU rdrdwkdUNrdKUudk rdrdwkdU*kP,
f lMuwmudk (azmfjyaew,f)
while wpfcsdefwnf;rSm
on the sloping fertile mountain side qifajcavQmjzpfaewJU ajrMo
ZmxufoefwJU awmifapmif;rSm
farmsteads and vineyards v,f,mtaqmufttkHrsm;eJU pyspfNcHrsm;
studded on the tich dark soil MoZm"mwf<u,f0wJU ajrrnf;ay:rSm
pDjc,fxm; wJU ('Dpum;pku emr0daooeyk'fpkjzpfw,f/ txufu emrfrsm;udk

txl;jyKaew,f/ aygif;vdkuf&if ]]MoZm"mwf <u,f0wJU ajrrnf;ay:rSm
pDjc,fxm;wJU v,f,mtaqmuf ttkHrsm; pyspfNcHrsm;u}}vdkU&r,f)
displayed the selfsame virtues *kPfyk'fawG t&nftcsif;awGudk
azmfjyae w,f/
which had made the city wealthy NrdKUBuD;udk
csrf;om<u,f0vmapcJUwJU (t&nf tcsif;rsm;)
dignified with public buildings trsm;jynfol taqmufttkHawGeJU
*kPfa&mifajymif (vmapcJUwJU t&nftcsif;rsm;)
opulent white marble terraces x,f0gvSwJU ausmufjzLavSum;wef;
rsm;)
glittering domes ta&mifwzdwfzdwf taqmufttkH acgifrdk;
ckH;ckH;BuD;rsm; ('gawGtm;vkH;[m ]dignigfioed with}eJU wGJvsuf&Sdw,f/ 'gawGeJU

*kPfa&mifajymifvm apcJUwJU t&nftcsif;rsm;vdkU qdkvdkw,f)
the brothels jynfhwefqmtdrfrsm;
barracks ppfwef;vsm;rsm;
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out of sight vlolrjrif&atmif (yxkwfz,fxm;wJU
qif;&Jom;&yfuGufrsm;)
a thriving city 0ajymom,mwJU NrdKUBuD;
careful *&kwpdkufjyKpkxm;wJU (NrdKUBuD;) (owd&SdwJUNrdKUBuD;vdkU

ajym&ifvJ&Edkifyg w,f)
prosperous BuD;yGm;atmifjrifaewJU (NrdKUBuD;)
but 'gayr,f h
in the mountain's throat awmif&JU vnfrsKdrSmawmh
red lava rose eD&J&Jacsmf&nfawG jrifhwufvmaeavNyD/
uAsmudkNcKHMunhfvdkuf&if NrdKUzGJUuAsmwpfyk'ftjzpf awGU&r,f/ yGrfay,DNrdKUBuD;

om,m0ajymykH? BuD;us,fcrf;em;ykHwkdUudkyJ OD;pm;ay;zGJUxm;wm jzpfw,f/ aps;awG?
0wfausmif;awG? *dka'gifawG? vrf;us,fBuD;awG? &kyfxkBuD;awG wcrf;wem;
pdkufxlxm;&m yef;NcHBuD;awGu NrdKUom;awG olwkdUNrdKUudk olwdkU*kPf,lMuykH azmfjy
aew,fwJU/ 'Dvdk*kP,
f l wwfMuwm[mjzifh csD;usL;p&m oifhjrwfrSefuefwJU udpö
ygyJwJU/ wpfcsdefxJrSm pDjc,fxm; ovdk jzpfaeMuwJU v,f,m taqmufttkH
awG pyspfNcHawGuvJ csrf;om<u,f0wJU NrdKUBuD;? trsm;jynfol taqmufttkH
awG? ausmufom;jzLjzL avSum;wef;awG? 0if;0if; ajymifajymiftrdk;ckH;ckH;awGeJU
crf;em;wJU NrdKUBuD;jzpfvmatmif vkyfay;cJUwJU t&nftaoG; udk azmfjyaew,f/
'ghtjyif a&S;acwfNrdKUBuD;wdkUt*Fg&yfeJU nDnGwf&wJUtwdkif; jynfhwef qmtdrfawGvJ
&Sdw,f/ NrdKUapmifhwyfppfonfawG&JU wef;vsm;awGvJ&Sdw,f/ qif;&Jom; &yfuGuf
awGvJ &SdwmygyJ/ 'gayr,fh vlolrjrifatmif NrdKUjyifwpfae&m&mrSm oD;oefUxkwf
xm;w,f/ om,m0ajymwJUNrdKUBuD;? owd0D&d,&SdwJUNrdKUBuD;? wdk;wuf<u,f0aewJU
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NrdKUBuD;ygvm;qdkwJU tHUMotm;uszG,f cHpm;rIawGudk pmzwfolqD aqmifusOf;
ay;aew,f/ tJ'Dvdk ay;NyD;cgrS tqkH;ESpfyg'rSm ADql;A,mhpfawmifBuD;&JU vnfrsKdrSm
acsmf&nfeDeDawG ysKdUwufvmaeNyD qdkwmav;udk tqkH;owfuyfNyD; xnfhay;
vdkufw,f/ rsm;rsm;pm;pm; csJUxGifajymraeawmhbl;/ csJUxGifajymae&if Zmwfarsm
oGm;rSmy/ 'Duavmufrxdrdawmhbl;/ rD;awmifBuD; aygufuGJum wpfNrdKUvkH;
ysufpD;cJU&wmudk uRefawmfwdkU pmzwfolawG odNyD;om;yJ/ bmvdkU ajymae
awmhrvJ/ tckvdk rD;awmifaygufuGJawmhrSmav;udkwif t&dyft>rufuav;
tcsuf jyNyD; uAsmudk &yfvdkufwJUtwGuf uRefawmfwkdUrSm &ifarmusef&pf
&awmhw,f/ [,f-'Davmufcrf;em;BuD;us,fwJUNrdKUBuD; tjzpfqdk;eJUBuKH&
awmhrSmygvm;qdkwmudk txdwf wvefUeJU ESmarsmwordoGm;apw,f/
t*Fvdyfpum;eJUajym&&ifawmh Suspense jzpfoGm;apw,faygh/
tMurf;zsif;wpfcsuf vTm;Munfhvdkuf&if uAsm[m emrfyk'fawGwef;pDpm&if;
jyKxm; wmyJvdkU awGU&r,f/ aps;awG? 0wfausmif;awG? *dka'gifawG pojzifh
tm;vkH;[m ae&mawG csnfhyJ/ uaeUwl;azmf&&SdwJU yGrfay,DNrdKUBuD;uvJ
ae&mawGyJjzpfavawmh? wpfaeU 'DvdkrSm jzpfrSmudk uAsmu edrdwfxdk;jyxm;ovdk
jzpfaeygw,f/ vleJU vlUvIyf&Sm;rIudk zGJUwm wpfckrS rygbl;/ 'guvJ
aemifwpfaeUrSmjzpf&rSmudk edrdwfxdk;jyxm;wmygyJ/ 'gayr,fhae&mawGrSm pdppfjy
xm;ykHu vlawGudk t&dyft>rufjyaeygw,f/ aps;awG (aps;onfawG aps;0,f
awGeJU aygh) 0wfausmif;awG (0wfjyKvmolawGeJUaygh) vrf;rBuD;awG (vrf;oGm;
vrf;vmawG &Iyf&SufcyfvdkUaygh).....
uAsmq&m[m wl;azmf&&SdwJU yGrfay,DNrdKUa[mif;BuD;udk (udk,fwdkifoGm;
wmr[kwf awmif "mwfykHudk) MunfhNyD; 'Dae&mawGrSm wpfcsdefu vlawGvIyf&Sm;
oGm;vm touf0if aecJUrSmygvm;vdkU pdwful;,OfMunfhcJUrdayvdrfhr,f/ olUvdkyJ
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vrf;us,fawG? opf&dyf& &ifjyifawG? 'DrSm
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csD;usL;zG,f? aumif;jrwf? NrdKUae *kPf,lzG,frsm;/
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ajreufay: pDjc,fwJU v,f,mwJpk/
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taqmufttkHrsm;? ausmufjzLavSum;wef;BuD;rsm;
trdk;ckH; zdwfzdwfrsm;eJU *kPfajymifapjim;
t&nftcsif;wkdUudkyJ azmfxkwfjyaeoa,mif/
jynfhwefqmtdrf? ppfwef;vsm;? vlrjrifatmif
pepfwus z,fxm;wJU vlrJG&yfuGufrsm;/
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a';Apf a[mvda';
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124
A PIECE OF PAPER
I saw this blank piece of paper
And it looked
Kind of lonely,
Like it needed someone
To talk to.
So I started to talk.
I told it about
Schools and trivial things,
And my need
For someone to talk to.
And in return
It told me about trees
And Autumn
And where it and come from.
The paper looked sad
When it told me about the
Wind in the trees
And the coming of man
Who had felled the tree,
And I felt ashamed.
om
Then I got angry,
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I tore up the paper
I tore up myself.
Julia Biggs
puúLpav;&JU tw¦KyÜwåd
ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf; apmifha&Smufa&;[m uaeUacwfrSm urÇmwpf0ef;u

tm;pdkufcGefpdkuf vIHUaqmfaqmif&Gufae&wJU udpöjzpfw,f/ uRefawmfwdkU EdkifiHrSm
vnf; &Srf;&dk;r? &cdkif&dk;rpwJU awmawmifa'oawGrSm c&D;oGm;&if opfawmXme&JU
opfawm xdef;odrf;a&; owday;EId;aqmfpm qdkif;bkwfuav;awGudk vrf;ab;
0J,mrSmtvQKdtvQKd awGU&ayvdrfhr,f/ vl[m awmqDu opf? 0g;? toD;?
t&Guf? yef;refpwJU awmxGuf ypönf;rsKd;pkHudk&ygw,f/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyJ awm[m
urÇmajr&JU &moDOwkudk jyKjyifae w,f/ ajrNydKjcif;? a&wdkufpm;jcif; pwJU
ab;awGudkvnf; umuG,fay;aew,f/ 'gaMumifh awmudk tokH;jyKa&;eJU awmudk
xdef;odrf;jyKpka&;udk rQrQwwjzpfatmif pDrHvkyfudkifEdkifzkdU BudK;pm;Mu&w,f/
acwfay:uAsmq&mrsm;[m awmawmifa&ajrqdkwJU ywf0ef;usif xdef;odrf; apmifh
a&Smufa&;taMumif; uAsmawG tajrmuftjrm;a&;zGJUavh&SdMuw,f/ wcsKdUudk
pkaygif;NyD; pmtkyfawG xkwfMuw,f/ ta&SUtaemuf 0g'pJG jyif;xefcsdef [dk
wpfacwfu urÇmppf wm;qD;a&;uAsmawG a&;zGJUMuwJU twdkif;ygyJ/ tck
vli,fuAsm q&mrav;wpfOD;jzpfwJU *sLvD,m bpf*fZf&Ju uAsmwpfyk'fudk
wifjyvdkygw,f/ zwfMunfh Mu&atmif/
uAsm&JU acgif;pOfu A Piece of Paper jzpfw,f/ ]puúLwpfp}vdkU
t"dyÜm,f &w,f/ puúLwpfpvdk aeUpOfjrifawGUaeus omreft&m0w¦Kav;uae
uAsmq&mudk tawG;trQifawG wef;oGm;apykHudk avhvmMunfhoifhw,f/
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I saw this blank piece of paper iga[m'D AvmpuúLpav;udk

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And it looked kind of lonely puúLpav;[m txD;wnf;
tm;i,fvGrf;aqG; aeykHay:aew,f/
Like it needed someone to talk to pum;ajymp&m tazmfwpfa,muf
vdkaeykHygyJ/
So I started to talk 'geJU igpwifpum;ajymrdygawmhw,f/

(puúLpav;udk pum;ajymwmaygh/)
I told it ig olUudk ajymjyw,f/ (bmtaMumif;awGudkvJ)
about school and trivial things ausmif;taMumif;? tao;tzGJU udpö
awGtaMumif;
And my need for someone to talk to ighrSm pum;ajymp&mwpfpkH
wpfa,muf vdkaeykHtaMumif;rsm; (ig olUudkajymjyw,f/)
And in return (igu tJovdkajymjyawmh) twkHUtjyefoabmeJU
It told me about trees olu ighudk opfyifawG&JU taMumif;&,f?
And Autumn o&'&moD (aqmif;&moDrwdkifrD&moD)&JU taMumif;&,f

(taemufEdkifiHrsm;rSm o&'&moDtcg opfyifwkdUuaeopf&GufawG a<uMuw,f
qdkwm owdjyKygav/)
And where it had come from ol b,fu vmcJUw,f

qdkwJUtaMumif;&,f (ajymjyw,f) (ae&mtwdtusudk azmfjyrxm;ayr,fh
puúLpav;[m awmxJu opfyif qDu vmcJUw,fqdkwm uRefawmfwdkUtm;vkH;
odNyD;om;jzpfw,f/)
The paper looked sad puúLpav; 0rf;enf;aMuuGJoGm;ykH ay:vmw,f/
(0gusu rqkH;ao;? b,fawmh 0rf;enf;oGm;wmvJ? qufzwf)

When it told me ighudk ajymjywJUtcg (0rf;enf;oGm;w,f? bmtaMumif;
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about the wind in the trees opfyifawGxJ (0ifa&mufwdkufcwfavh

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&SdwJU) avtaMumif; (opfyifawGxJ avwdkufcwfawmhopfcuf opfudkif;awG

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a0SU,rf; uckefaeMuovdkyJaygh/ MunfEl;zG,fb0wpfuGufudk o&kyfazmfvdkufwm
jzpfw,f/)
And the coming of man vla&mufvmwJU taMumif;?
Who had felled the tree 'Dvlu opfyifudk ckwfvSJcscJUwJUtaMumif;
(wdkUudkajymjy&if; eJU puúLpav; 0rf;enf;vGrf;qGwfoGm;&Smawmhw,f/)

And I felt ashamed 'Dawmh ig&Sufrdw,f/ (opfyifudk ckwfvSJwmu
vlqdkavawmh vljzpfwJU uAsmq&mu &Sufrdwmjzpfw,f/)
Then I got angry tJ'Daemufawmh ig pdwfqdk;rdw,f/

(bmaMumifhpdwfqdk;oGm;& wmvJ? qufzwf)
I had problems enough ighrSm jyóemawG wpfykHwpfyif &SdaeNyD;om;?
without Guilt jypfrIwpfck usL;vGefrdw,fqdkwJU vdyfjymroefUp&mudpö

rygbJeJUudk (ighrSm jyóem&SdaeNyD;om; jzpfw,f/ udk,fhjyóemeJUudk,f
pdwf&Iyfaeygw,fqdk wJUtxJ opfyifckwfrdavjcif;qdkwJU vdyfjymroefUp&mudpöu
ay:vmao;w,fvdkU qdkvdk w,f/)
I tore up the paper puúLpav;udk ig qGJqkwfypfvdkufygawmhw,f/
I tore up myself ighudk,fudk ig qGJqkwfypfvdkufawmhw,f/

(opfyifeJUvl[m obm0&JU om;ajr;csif;twlwlrdkU opfyifuvmwJU puúLudk
qkwfypfwm[m rdrdukd,frdrd qkwfypfwmwdkU qdkvdkw,f/ wpfenf; puúLudk
a'goeJU qkwfypfvdkufwm[m rdrd&JU a'greópdwfawGudk taumiftxnf
azmfaewmrdkU rdrdudk,frdrdqkwfypfwmvdkU a&;wmvJ jzpfEdkifygao;w,f/)
uAsmq&m[m puúLpav; wpfpudk Munhfvdkufw,f/ puúLpav;[m
wpfudk,f wnf; a,mifcsmcsmjzpfaeykHyJ/ pum;ajymp&m tazmfvdkaeovdkvdkyJ/ 'geJU
uAsmq&mu puúLpav;eJU pum;pajymw,f/ ausmif;taMumif;wkdU? tjcm;
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ta&;rygvSwJU omref udpöav;awG taMumif;wdkU? rdrdrSmvJ pum;ajymp&m

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tazmfr&SdbJ jzpfae&ykHtaMumif;wdkU? bmwkdUnmwdkUayghav? ol pum;ajym vmwm

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taMumif;? opf&GufawG ajrc&wJU o&'&moDtaMumif;? opfawmxJ
vla&mufvmNyD; opfyifvSJcsypfykHtaMumif;? tJ'DtaMumif;awGajym&if; puúLp
av;[m aMuuJG0rf;enf;ykH aygufvmw,f/ rdrdwkdUvlom;awG&JU opfyifav;[m
aMuuGJ0rf;enf;ykHaygufvmw,f/ rdrdwdkUvlom;awG&JU opfyifwdkUtay: &ufpufykHudk
pOf;pm;qifjcifrdNyD; uAsmq&m &Sufrdawmhw,f/
tJ'DaemufrSmawmh uAsmq&m pdwfwdkoGm;w,f/ rdrdrSmu vlrIudpöjyíem
aomif;ajcmufaxmifeJU/ pdwfat;&w,fudk r&Sdbl;/ 'DtxJ puúLu olU vGrf;Zmwf
udk vmajymaejyefNyD/ rdrdwdkU vlom;awG&JU &ufpufykHudk od&Sd&um vlom;
rdrdrSmvnf; tjypf&Sd aeykHudk vdyfjymroefUjzpf&jyefNyD/ 'Davmuf 'ku©vmay;wJU
puúLpav;udk qGJqkwfypfrd awmhw,f/ tJovdk puúLpav;udk qkwfypfjcif;[mjzifh
rdrdudk,frdrd qGJqkwfypfaerdovdk ygyJwJU/
uAsm&JU qdkvdkcsufuawmh 'gygyJ/ uAsm[m ywf0ef;usif xdef;odrf;
apmifha&Smufa&; 0g'jzefUuAsmwpfyk'f jzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh0g'jzefUrqef? Mo0g'
qefykHudk owdrloifhw,f/
tck 'Dt*FvdyfuAsmav;udk jrefrmuAsmtjzpf jyefvnfa&;om;MunfhMur,f/
puúLpwpfp
'D AvmpuúL wpfpudk ig jrifrd

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txD;usefovdkvdk
pum;ajymp&m
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tao;tzGJU taMumif;t&mwkdU
ighrSm pum;ajymp&m
wpfa,mufa,muf vdkaeykHwdkU ajymrd/
tjyeftvSeftaeJU
olu ighudk opfyifwdkU
o&' &moDwdkU
ol vmcJU&mwdkU ajymjyw,f/
opfyifawGMum;u avwkdU?
vl a&mufvmNyD;
opfyif vSJcsykHwkdU
ighudk ajymjy&if;
puúL 0rf;enf;ykHay:vm?
ig &Sufrdaygh/
'Daemuf ig pdwfqdk;oGm;cJU?
tjypf&Sdaewm
rygbJeJUudk
ighrSm jyóem wpfykHwpfyifeJU[m/
ig puúLudk qkwfypfrd?
ighudk,fudk ig qkwfypfrd/
om
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130
GEOGRAPHY LESSON
When the jet sprang into the sky,
it was clear why the city
had developed the way it had,
seeing it scaled six inches to the mile.
There seemed an inevitability
about what on ground had looked haphazard,
unplanned and without style
when the jet sprang into the sky.
When the jet reached ten thousand feet,
it was clear why the country
had cities where rivers ran
and why the valleys were populated.
The logic of geography
that land and water attracted man
was clearly delineated
when the jet reached ten thousand feet.
When the jet rose six miles high,
it was clear the earth was round
and that it had more sea than land,
But it was difficult to understand
that the men on the earth found
causes to hate each other, to build
walls across cities and to kill
om
From that height, it was not clear why.
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Zulfiker Ghose
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rmygap urÇmom;
urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;qdkwm urÇmom;wdkif; awmifhwMuwJU t&mjzpfw,f/

awmifhw ayr,fhvnf; r&Muygvm;/ vuf0J-vuf,mtkyfpkawGawmh urÇmrSm
csKyfNidrf;cJUNyD/ 'gayr,fh vlrsKd;a&;? bmoma&; ppfyGJawGuawmh t&Sdefrowfao;bJ
wdkufaumif;Mu wkef;? aoaumif;Muwkef;qdkwmudk &kyfjrifoHMum;rSm urÇmo
h wif;
apmifhMunfhavh&Sdolwdkif; od&SdMuw,f/ urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;udk awmifhwwJU uAsm
rsm;vnf; bmompum;rsKd;pkHeJU oef;csDay:cJUygNyD/ tcktywfawmh ta&SUwdkif;om;
wpfOD; t*Fvdyfvdk a&;wJU Nidrf;csrf;a&; uAsmudk azmfjyvdkygw,f/
uAsmacgif;pOfu Geography Lesson wJU/ ]yx0D0if oifcef;pm}aygh/

When the jet sprang into the sky *sufav,mOfBuD; aumif;uifxJ
xdk;wufoGm;wJUtcg
it was clear &Sif;ygw,f/
(bm&Sif;wmvJ? qufzwf)
why the city had developed the way it had bmaMumifhNrdKUBuD;
ckzGHUNzdK;wdk; wufaeovdk zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufae&ovJqdkwm (&Sif;ygw,f)

seeing it scaled six inches to the mile ajcmufvufr
wpfrdkifpau;qdk avawmhum (&Sif;oGm;wmaygh) (av,mOfay:uae NrdKUBuD;udk
MunfhvdkufwJUtcg ajcmufvufr wpfrdkifpau;eJU qGJxm;wJU ajrykHBuD;vdk
jrif&wmrdkU NrdKUBuD; crf;em;BuD;us,f aeykHudk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;jrif&wmudk
qdkvdkw,f/)
There seemed an inevitabillity rvGJraoG jzpf&rSmyJvdkU xif&w,f/
om
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(0gusrqkH;ao;? qufzwf)
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about what on ground had looked ajrBuD;ay:rSm xif&wmuawmh?

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ykHay:aewmuawmh (0gusrqkH;ao;? b,fvdkykHay:aewmvJ...)

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132
haphazard z&dkz&J
unplanned tpDtpOfrJU
without style (tEkynm)[efrJU
aygif;vdkufawmh-
ajrBuD;ay:rSmwkef;u z&dkz&J? tpDtpOfrJU? [efrJUvdkU ykHay:aewm?
(av,mOfay: uae MunfhvdkufawmhrS) 'Dvdk(zGHUNzdK;wkd;wuf[efay:vm&rSm)
rvGJraoG rkcsygvm;vdkU xifjrifrdapawmhw,f/
aemufwpfydk'f-
When the jet reached ten thousand feet
*sufav,mOfBuD;aywpfaomif; tjrifh a&mufoGm;wJUtcg
it was clear &Sif;oGm;w,f/ (bm&Sif;oGm;ovJ? qufzwf)
why the country had cities wdkif;jynfrSm NrdKUBuD;awG&Sdae&ovJ?

(b,frSm &SdwmvJ? qufzwf)
where the river ran jrpfpD;oGm;&mrSm
ESpfyg'aygif;vdkufawmh-
bmaMumifh jrpfpD;qif;oGm;&mrSm NrdKUBuD;awG &Sdae&ovJqdkwm
&Sif;oGm;w,f/
and why the valleys were populated bmaMumifh jrpf0Srf;a'orsm;rSm
vlawGaeMuwJUtaMumif;[mvnf; (&Sif;oGm;w,f)
The logic of geography yx0D0if&Ju ,kwådaA' (bmudkajymwmvJ?
&Sif;jyvdrfh r,f/ qufzwf)
that land and water attracted man ajreJUa&u vludkqGJaqmifw,f
qdkwJU (yx0D0if&JU ,kwådaA'[m)

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was clearly delineated &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; o&kyfay:vmawmhw,f/

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when the jet reached ten thousand feet *sufav,mOfBuD;aywpf

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aomif; a&mufoGm;wJUtcg (o&kyfay:oGm;awmhw,f)

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wwd,tydk'f-
when the jet rose six miles high *sufav,mOfBuD; ajcmufrdkiftjrifhxd
wufoGm;wJUtcg
it was clear that the earth was round urÇm vkH;w,fqdkwm&Sif;oGm;
w,f/ (urÇmvkH;aewm &Sif;&Sif;BuD; jrif&NyDudk;/)

and that it had more sea than land ukef;xuf a&ydk&SdaMumif;
(&Sif;oGm; awmhw,f)
But 'gayr,f h
it was difficult to understand em;vnfzdkUcufaew,f/ (bmudkem;vnf
zdkU cufwmvJ? qufzwf)

that men on earth urÇmajray:u vlawG[m
found causes taMumif;awG&SdaeMuwm (b,fvdktaMumif;awGvJ?

qufzwf)
to hate each other wpfOD;udk wpfOD;rkef;zdkU (taMumif;awG)
to build walls across cities NrdKUBuD;awGudkjzwf? eH&H wHwdkif;BuD;awG
aqmufzdkU (taMumif;awG) (rMumvSrDurS NydKusoGm;&wJUbmvifwHwdkif;BuD;vdk

[mrsKd;awG udk &nfpl;vdkw,f/)
to kill owfMujzwfMuzdkU (taMumif;awG) «&SdaeMuw,fqdkwmudkem;vnfzkdU
cufaew,f/»
From that height t'Dtjrifhuae (ajcmufrdkiftjrifhuae urÇmBuD;udk
Munfhrd wJUtcg)
it was not clear why bmaMumifh(vlawG ckvdkrkef;Mu?

owfMuovJqdkwm) r&Sif;bl;/
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uAsmacgif;pOfudk ]yx0D0if oifcef;pm}vdkU wyfxm;ayr,fh pmom;uawmh

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134
rdk;aumif; uifxJ ckefwufoGm;wJUtcg NrdKUBuD;bmaMumifh zGHUNzdK;wdk;wuf
vmcJU&ovJqdkwm &Sif;&Sif; vif;vif;odjrifoabmaygufvm&awmhw,f/ NrdKUBuD;udk
ajcmufvufrwpfrdkif pau;eJU ajrykHay:qGJjyxm;ovdk jrifae&wmjzpfavawmh
'gu b,ftuGuf? 'gu b,fae&m? uGJuGJjym;jym; jrifae&ygNyD/ ajrBuD;ay:rSm
ukef;uawmh bmrS tpDtpOfr&Sdovdk y&rf;ywm jzpfaewmBuD;[m ckvdk av,mOf
ay:u Munfhvdkufawmhvnf; [kwfom;ygvm;? 'Dwdkif;jzpf&rSmygvm;vdkU oabm
aygufvm&awmhw,f/
*sufav,mOf aywpfaomif; wufvmrdwJUtcgrSmawmh bmaMumifh
wdkif;jynfrSm NrdKUawG[m jrpfrsm;pD;qif;oGm;&mrSm wnf&SdMu&w,fqdkwmudk &Sif;&Sif;
vif;vif; odjrifvm rdawmhw,f/ jrpf0Srf;awGrSmyJ vlawG aexdkifMuwmyguvm;
qdkwmudk em;vnfvm&awmh w,f/ a&Munf&m jrufEk&mvdkU qdk&dk;pum; &SdwJU
twdkif; vlrsm;[m xGef,ufpdkufysKd;p&m ajr? aomufokH;&m a&&SdwJUae&mrsKd;udkom
a&G;cs,fwwfMuw,fqdkwmudk em;vnfvm& w,f/ 'gudk yx0D&JU ,kwådaA'vdkU
ac:ygw,f/ *sufav,mOfaywpfaomif;ta&muf ikHUMunfhvdkufawmhrS yx0D0if&JU
,kwådaA'[m acgif;xJ &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; jzpfoGm;ygav awmhw,f/
*sufav,mOfBuD; rdkifajcmufrdkiftjrifhu ysHoef;vm&mrSmawmh urÇmajrBuD;
vkH;aMumif;? urÇmay:rSm ukef;ajrxuf yifv,fu ydkaMumif; &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;
odjrif&ygNyD/ 'gayr,fh pOf;pm;Munfhvdkufawmh urÇmajray:rSm aexdkifMuwJU
vlawG[m wpfOD;udk wpfOD; rkef;Mu? owfMu? NrdKUwpfydkif;eJUwpfydkif; wHwdkif;cwfMu
vkyfaeMuwmygvm;qdkwm awG;rdw,f/ bmhaMumifh olUwkUd tJovdkrkef;Mu?
owfMuygvdrfhqdkwmudkawmh rdkifajcmuf rdkiftjrifhudk a&mufaewJUtcg urÇm&JU
tvSudk ai;arm&if; pOf;pm;vdkUudk r&Edkifatmif ygyJwJU/
uAsmudk vGwfvyfuAsmykHpHeJU a&;ygw,f/ yxrtydk'frSm &Spfyg'&SdwJUteuf
om
ppcsif;yg' (*suf aumif;uifxJ ckefwufcJU&m)udk tqkH;rSm jyefausmhxm;ygw,f/

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'kwd, tydk'frSmvnf; tJ'Dtwdkif;ygyJ/ (]*sufaywpfaomif;a&mufwJUtcg}udk tp

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wufvm&m}qdkwJU yg'eJU pwifNyD; ]tJ'D tjrifhuae bmaMumifhrSef; r&Sif;bl;}yg'eJU
qkH;xm;w,f/ okH;ydk'f csDykHcsykH rwlatmif cGJvdkufwmygyJ/ jrefrmvdka&;MunfhMur,f/
yx0Doifcef;pm
*suf aumif;uifxJ ckefwufcJU&m?

&Sif;oGm;&JU bmhaMumifhNrdKUBuD;
ckvdk zGHUNzdK;&wJUtaMumif;?
ajcmufvufr wpfrdkif pau;yJ/
ajrBuD;ay: udk;&dk;um;&m;BuD;?
tpDtpOfrJU [efrJUaewmBuD;
rvJG 'Dvdkjzpf&r,f ykHay:vm?
*suf aumif;uifxJckefwufcJU&m?
*suf aywpfaomif; a&mufwJUtcg?
&Sif;vm&JU bmhaMumifh wdkif;jynfrSm
jrpf pD;&m NrdKUawG &SdwJUtaMumif;?
jrpf0Srf;awG vlaeMuwJU taMumif;?
yx0D0if&JU ,kwådaA'udk
(ajreJU a&u xludk qGJaMumif;udk)
&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; o&kyfay:vm&JU
*suf aywpfaomif; a&mufvmwJUtcg/
*suf ajcmufrdkif jrifhwufvm&m?

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&Sif;oGm;&JU urÇmajr vkH;aMumif;?

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urÇmajray:u vlawG wpfOD;udk wpfOD;

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rkef;zdkU? NrdKUawGjzwf wHwdkif;wnfzdkU?
owfzdkU taMumif; &SdMuwmyJ/
tJ'DtjrifhrSm? bmaMumifhrSef; r&Sif;bl;/
Zlvzdum tCdkUpf
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137
WRONG NUMBER
Is that the vet? You said you'd fixed my cat
And now she's dead.
Wrong number
Is that the parson? Was it you who said
That God is dead?
Wrong number
Is that the hospital? My husband's got
My son my mother's got
Wrong number
Is that the fire brigade? Is that the chemist?
I've swallowed pills. The Second Coming's come.
The taps are leaking. I can hear a bomb.
Is that the plumber? God, how long you've been.
Is that the IRA? Is that the Queen?
It wasn't me. I just picked up the phone.
I've never spayed a cat. I've never done
Anything, really. Never killed a man
Or cured one either. There it goes again.
I just picked up the phone. It wasn't me.
Laurence Lerner
om
vlUbkHcef;0g vlUjynf&GmrSm
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w,fvDzkef;u w*Grf*Grfjrnf? udk,fhrSm rtm;rvyf? jzpfaewJUMum;u

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aumufudkif vdkufygw,f/ eHygwfu rSm;aea&mh/ tifrwef uRJNrD;wkdp&m udpö

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jzpfwJUtaMumif; tdrfrSm w,fvDzkef;&SdwJUolwdkif; oabmaygufMuayvdrfhr,f/
rdwfaqGBuD;wpfa,mufuawmh olUqD w,fvDzkef;rSm;vm&if ]'g t&ufqdkifu}vdkU
jyefajymavh&Sdw,f/ wpfcgwnf; [dkbufu w,fvDzkef;csoGm;a&m/ EdkUrdkUqdk&if
eHygwfrSm;aeygw,f ajymaeygvsufueJU rauseyfcsifao;bJ vQm&SnfaewwfMu
ao;wmuvm;/
'gayr,fh pdwfrwkdbJ cPavmuf atmifhtnf;onf;cHum Nidrfaevdkuf&if
pdwf0if pm;p&mawG ay:xGufvmEdkifw,f/ ajymcsifvGef;tm;BuD;eJU olUud,
k fa&;
udk,fwmawG tukef avQmufNyD; ajymawmhwmyJ/ tJovdkeJU olrsm;twGif;a&;udk
acwfay:NAdwdoQpm a&;q&m avm&JefUpfvm;em;[mvnf; tJovdk vlpm;rsKd;
jzpfykH&w,f/ olUtzdkUawmh vnf; w,fvDzkef;rSm;0ifvmwmudkuyJ udpöjrm;ajrmif
'DvlUabmifBuD;udk waphwapmif; avhvm p&m jzpfaeawmhw,f/ 'DtaMumif;
ola&;zGJUxm;wJU uAsmudk zwfMunhfygbd/
uAsm&JU acgif;pOfu (Wrong Number) vdkUjzpfw,f/ ]eHygwfrSm;?

eHygwfrSm;aeNyD} pojzifh jrefrmvdk ajym&ygvdrfhr,f/ w,fvDzkef;eHygwfrSm;BuD;
wpfa,mufwpfcGef;p ESpfcGef; pajyMuwmawGudk wef;pDrSwfwrf;wifum uAsmzGJU
xm;wmygyJ/
Is that the vet? wd&pämefq&m0efygvm;/ (wd&pämefq&m0ef&JU aq;cef;
atmufarhNyD; qufaewmjzpfw,f/ NyD;qufajymw,f)
You said you'd fixed my cat uRefr&JUaMumifudkvkyfNyD;NyDqdk/ (bmvkyf
ovJqdkwmudk aemuftydk'frsm;yg pmom;rsm;t&od&w,f/ aMumifu trqdkawmh

uav; r&atmif rsKd;Otdrfudk xkwfypfwmygyJ/ rdrdwkdUtaMumif;udk tav
rvdkufatmif? uav; r&atmif wd&pämefq&m0efqDrSm 'Dvdktvkyfcdkif;MuwJU
tavh &efukefrSmvnf; acwfpm; ygw,f)
om
And now she's dead tckawmh aooGm;NyD? aMumifaooGm;wJU twGuf

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wd&pämef q&m0efudk &efawGUaewm jzpfygw,f/

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Wrong number eHygwf rSm;aeygw,f/ (wd&pämefq&m0ef&JU w,fvDzkef;&JU

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eHygwfrSm;NyD; vSnfhaewmjzpfygw,fvdkU tdrf&Sifujyefajymvdkufwm jzpfw,f/)

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Is that the parson? q&mawmfygvm;/ (c&pf,mefbkef;BuD;qDudk
w,fvDzkef; qufaewmjzpfygw,f)
Was it you who said q&mawmfyJ ajymcJUwm r[kwfvm;/

(0gusurqkH;ao;/ bmajymwmvJ? qufzwf)
That God is dead? xm0&bk&m;ocifaoNyDvdkU (ajymcJUwmq&mawmfyJ
r[kwfvm;)
Wrong number eHygwfrSm;aeygw,f/ (q&mawmf&JU w,fvDzkef;
r[kwfygbl;)
Is that the hospital? aq;&kHuygvm;/
My husband's got uRefr a,mufsm; (wpfckck jzpfaeygw,f

vdkUqufajym&rSm jzpfw,f)
My son uRefrom; (wpfckckjzpfaeygw,fvdkU qufajym&rSm jzpfw,f/

wpfckckjzpf wJUvlu rsm;vGef;vdkU tNyD;rowfEdkifbJ &Sdaew,f)
My mother's got uRefr tar (wpfckckjzpfaeygw,fvdkU qufajymrSmygyJ)
(aq;&kHudk qufMu&rSm wcsKdUuvnf; vif bmjzpfvdkU? tar bmjzpfvdkU? trsKd;rsKd;

tzkHzkH Asmrsm;aeMuykHudk 'DESpfyg'u jynTefw,f)
Wrong number eHygwf rSm;aeygw,f/ (aq;&kHr[kwfygbl;)
Is that the fire brigade? rD;owfXmeuygvm;/
Is that the chemist? aq;qdkifuygvm;/
I've swallowed the pills aq;vkH;awGudk rsKdcsvdkufrdNyD (aq;vkH;qdkwm
rsKdcs&rSmyJ 'gayr,fh w,fvDzkef;qufykH axmufawmh aq;rSm;NyD; rsKdcsrdw,ffeJU

wlyg&JU)
The Second Coming's come 'kwd,tBudrf <ua&mufvmjcif;

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vmr,f? tJ'g[mjzifh vlom;awGudk xm0&bk&m;ocifu aemufqkH;tBudrf w&m;

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'gudkc&pf,mefrsm;u owday;avh &Sdw,f/ w&m;eJU aeMuaygh/ tJovdk
bmoma&;t,lonf;olwkdUu zkef;qufowday;ae wmjzpfygw,f)
The taps are leaking ydkufacgif;awGu a&wpufpufeJU ,kdpdrfhxGuf
aew,f/ (ydkufacgif;jyifolqD zkef;qufwm jzpfygvdrfhr,f)
I can hear a bomb AkH;aygufuJGoH Mum;&w,f (&Jpce;fudkqufwm?
olwkdUqD rSm cPcPAkH;aygufuGJavh&Sdwmudk owdjyKygav)
Is that the plumber? ydkufquform;ygvm; (ckeu ydkufacgif; a&pdrfh,kd
olyJ rSm;ac:jyefovm;rodbl;/ 'grSr[kwfvnf;aemufwpfa,muf jzpfygvdrfhr,f/

a&ydkufcRwf ,Gif;wmrsKd;uae&mwumrSm rMumrMum BuKH&wmudk;)
God, how long you've been jrwfpGmbk&m;? MumvScsnfvm;

(w,fvDzkef;vnf; rSm;qufao;? MumvScsnfvdkUvnf; tjypfwifvdkufao;)
Is that the IRA? tdkiftmat tzGJUygvm; (]tdkiftmattzGJUudak wmh

odMuygvdrfhr,f/ tdkif,mvefjynf ajrmufydkif;rSm aps;awG? qdkifawG? blwm&kHawGrSm
cPcP AkH;cGJNyD; tjypfrJUolawGaoMu&wJU tMurf;zufaomif;usef;oltzGJUaygh)
Is that the Queen? bk&ifrBuD;ygvm; (tvum;ae&if;

bk&ifreef;awmfudk zkef;qufwJU vlrsm;vnf; &Sdw,feJUwlygw,f) 'Dtydk'f
wpfydk'fvkH;[m XmetrsKd;rsKd;qDudk zkef;rSm;quf&if; olUqDa&mufvmwJU ajymoHqdkoH
awGudk uAsmq&mu pkNyKHrSwfwrf;wif vdkufwmjzpfygw,f/ vlrsKd;pkH taMumif;
t&mrsKd;pkH jzpfwmeJU trQ uaeUacwf&JU b0aMu; rkHvnf; jzpfaeawmhwmudk
owdjyKygav/
tJovdk toHAvHrsKd;pkH? jyóemrsKd;pkHudk Mum;&NyD;wJUaemuf uAsmq&mu
nnf;wGm;vdkufygw,f/ tJovdk vkyfMuajymMuwmawG[m ol r[kwf&ygaMumif;
wJU/
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It wasn't me uRefawmfrsKd;BuD; r[kwf&aMumif;yg/

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I just picked up the phone uRefawmf[m uvifuvif jrnfvmvdkU

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I've never spayed a cat uRefawmf[m b,fwkef;urSvnf; aMumifudk
om;raygufatmif rsKd;Otdrfudk z,fxkwfray;cJUzl;yg/
I've never done anything uRefawmf[m b,fwkef;urS bmwpfckrS
rvkyfcJU&aMumif;yg/
really wu,fyg/
Never killed a man b,fwkef;urS vlwpfa,mufudk (tdkiftmat

tMurf;zuf orm;vdk) rowfcJU&yg/
Or cured one either vlwpfa,mufrSvnf; (q&m0efrsm;vdk) a&m*g
aysmuf atmif ukoray;cJUzl;yg/
There it goes again vmjyefNyD? ajym&if;qdk&if;yJ w,fvDzkef;ujrnfjyefNyD/
I just picked up the phone uRefawmfw,fvDzkef;udk aumufudkif&kH
udkifvdkuf ygw,f/
It wasn't me uRefawmfr[kwf&aMumif;yg (cifAsm;ajymwJU [dkudpö

'DudpöawG vkyfw,fqdkwm uRefawmfr[kwfyg)
eHygwfrSm;NyD; w,fvDzkef;qufMuwmudk a&;zGJUxm;wm jzpfwJUtwGuf

em;vnf& vG,fygw,f/ eHygwfrSm;NyD; qufwm jzpfavawmh ajymcsifwmudk
tao;pdwfajymrjyEdkif Muygbl;/ wpfcGef;wpfpyJ uRefawmfwdkU odMu&ygw,f/
'gudkyJ wdkwdkeJUvdk&if;ajym&wmrdkU trsKd;awmfawmfpkHatmif ajymEdkifoGm;apw,f/
wdkwdkeJU uaeU urÇmBuD;rSm jzpfysufaewm awGudk axmifhpkHatmif o&kyfazmfEdkif
oGm;apawmhw,f/ tao;tzGJUqkH;jzpfwJU tdrfu aMumifudk jrKHatmifvkyfwmutp
EdkifiHtxGwftxdyfbk&ifrBuD;qD ajym&wJUudpötxd ygw,f/ wpfOD;csif; yk*¾vdu
a&;&mjzpfwJU a&ydkufqufwJU udpö? aq;vkH;rsKdrdwJU udpöuae trsm;jynfol
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eJUqdkifwJU aq;&kH? rD;owfXme? &Jpcef;wdkUqD taMumif;Mum;&wJU ta&;tcif; rsm;

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txd pkHw,f/ bmoma&;tjiif;yGm;rI? bmoma&; 0g'jzefUcsDrIrsm;? tMurf;zuf

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ur
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142
uaeU urÇmBuD;rSm vTrf;NcKHaewJU vlwdkU pdwfaomua&mufp&mrsm;udk owif;pm
zwfovdkod&Sd Mu&w,f/ uaeU urÇmBuD;&JU o&kyfouefay:vmw,f/
'gayr,fh 'gawG[m ted|m&kHawGyJ/ 'Dvdkowfwm? AkH;cGJwmrsm;udk rvkyfMu
ygeJUvdkU awmh uAsmu wdkuf&dkufrqdkbl;/ 'Dvdkvkyf&wmol r[kwf&aMumif;yg/
ol[m aMumifudk vnf; roif;? vludkvnf;rowf&aMumif;ygvdkU ol tjypfrJUykHudkyJ
vdr®myg;eyfpGm qdkvdkuf w,f/ 'Dawmh olUuAsm[m Mo0g'rqefbJeJU rodrom
ajymcsifwmav; ajymjywJU uAsm jzpfoGm;NyD; tifrwefrSvnf; xdrdvdkUoGm;w,f/
NyKH;&rvdkeJU av;eufvdkUvnf; oGm;ap w,f/
a&mifpkHpuúLav;awG trsKd;rsKd;udk jzwfnSyfum uwfjym;ay:ykHazmfwJU
yef;csDudk ]aumfvmh*sf} ( Collage) vdkU ac:ygw,f/ tvm;wl[dku'Du

taMumif;t&m tcsuf tvufrsKd;pkHudk a&m>yrf;a&;zGJUwJUuAsmrsKd;vnf; ]aumfvmh*sf
uAsm}vdkU ac:w,f/ ck uAsm[m tJovdk uAsmrsKd;ygyJ/
tck jrefrmvdka&;MunfhMuygr,f/
eHygwfrSm;aeNyD
Aufwfygvm;/ uRefr aMumifudk

vkyfay;vdkufNyDqdk
tck aooGm;NyD&Sifh/
eHygwfrSm;aeNyD
q&mawmfygvm;/
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eHygwfrSm;aeNyD
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143
aq;&kHuygvm;/ uRefra,mufsm;av
uRefr om;? uRefr tar av/
eHygwfrSm;aeNyD
rD;owfygvm;/ aq;qdkifuygvm;/
usKyf aq;vkH;awG rsKdvdkufrdNyD/
'kwd,vmjcif; vmNyD/
ydkufacgif;,dkaevdkU/ AkH;aygufuJGoH
Mum;vdkU/
ydkufq&mvm;/
jrwfpGmbk&m;? MumvScsnfh/
tdkiftmatygvm;/ bk&ifrBuD;ygvm;/
usKyf r[kwf&ygbl;/
usKyf zkef;aumufudkif&kHyg/
usKyf aMumifudk NrKHatmif rvkyfcJU/
bmudkrS
rvkyfcJUyg? wu,fyg/
vludk owfvnf; rowf
a&m*gvnf; ukray;pzl;yg/ vmjyefNyD
usKyf zkef;aumufudkifvdkufw,f/
om
usKyf r[kwf&ygbl;
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144
WILD OATS
The mud on my feet, mother,
Is from the long journey
I made, deluded that at the end
I should find wisdom and peace.
I trudged the hot red roads
And the hills that strive to touch the stars,
And came upon a clear river
In the folds of a valley.
I watched how it overcame the hills
By curling around their feet.
And stretching out on its way
To the sea. It was then
I heard the anguished cry,
Mother, to come back to your breast.
Kwesi Brew
rdcif&JU&ifcGif
uAsmacgif;pOfrSmygwJU Oat qdkwm *sKHpyg;wpfrsKd;ygyJ/ uRefawmfwdkU
qDrSmawmh olUudk jyKjyifpDrHxm;wJU ]auGumtkwf} (Quaker Oats) udk

vlrrmpm;wJU tpmtjzpf vlod rsm;oaygh/ olwdkUqDrSmawmh jrif;udkvJ 'D Oats
auR;ygw,f/ Wild Oats qdkwJU uAsmacgif;pOf[m t*Fvdyfqdk&dk;pum; ‘To sow

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wild oats} u wpfydkif;wpfp jzwf,lxm;wmyg/ tdrfaxmif&ufom;us?

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twnfwus rjzpfEdkifao;cif? ay[,f? aw[,f vli,fbm0 taysmfusL;

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aewmud k To sow wild oats vdkUajymMuw,f/

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145
tJ'D uAsmxJu oli,f[m aysmf[,fyg;[,f ayawaecJUwmr[kwfayr,fh
rdcif&JU &ifcGifu xGufajy;aecJUolawmh jzpfw,f/ b,fvdkxGufajy;aecJUwmvJ?
olUuAsmudk zwfMunfhygav/
The mud on my feet uRefawmhajcaxmufay:u &THU[m
Mother tara&U (uAsmudkom;u tarudk ajymjyae[ef a&;zGJUxm;w,f)
is from the long journey I made uRefawmfxGufcJUwJU c&D;&Snfuyg
c&D;&Snf xGuf&mu &cJUwJU&THUygwJU/
deluded that xifa,mifrSm;rdvdkU (0gusu rqkH;ao;? qufzwf? bmudk
xifa,mif rSm;rdwmvJ)
at the end tqkH;rSm? c&D;&JU tqkH;rSm
I should find wisdom and peace OmPfynmeJU Nidrf;csrf;rIudk

awGU&Sdvdrfhr,f? &vdrfhr,f (xifrSwfrSm;rdvdkU c&D;&SnfxGufcJUwm ygwJU)
I trudged the hot red roads yljyif;eD&JwJU vrf;awGrSm c&D;Murf;
ESifcJUw,f
And the hills that strive to touch the stars Mu,fawGudkxdzdkU
tm;xkwfaewJU awmifawG? rdk;xdvkeD; jrifhrm;wJU awmifawG (ay: c&D;Murf;

ESifcJUw,f)
And come upon a clear river MunfvifwJU jrpfwpfpif;qDa&mufvmcJU
w,f
In the folds of a valley awmifMum;wpfck&JU csKdifhawGxJ (MunfvifwJU
jrpfwpf pif;qD a&mufcJUw,f)
I watched how it overcame the hills ol(jrpf) awmifawGudk
b,fykHtEdkif,l vdkufw,fqdkwmudk uRefawmfMunfhrdw,f

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by curling around their feet awmifajc&if;awGudk pD;ywfacG&pfum

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And stretching out on its way to the sea yifv,fqD olUc&D; udk
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qefUwef;oGm;wJUykHudk (uRefawmf Munfhaerdw,f)

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146
It was then tJ'DtcgrSmyJaygh (rqkH;ao;? qufzwf)
I heard the anguished cry ylaqG;EGrf;vswJU atmfoHudk Mum;vdkuf
&w,f (rqkH;ao;)
mother tara&U
To come back to your breast tarh&ifcGifqD jyefvmcJUzdkU (atmfac:
oHudkMum;vdkuf&w,f)
uAsmxJu vli,fu ol[mOmPfynmeJU Nidrf;csrf;rIudk c&D;qkH;rSm &vdrfhr,f

vdkU arSmufrSm;,kHMunfrdwJUtwGuf c&D;&SnfxGufcJUw,f? aeylusJusJxJrSm vrf;awG
ay:avQmuf? awmifjrifhBuD;awG ausmfwufum c&D;Murf;ESifcJUygw,fwJU/ aemufqkH;
rSmawmh awmifMum; wpfck&JU csKdifhawGxJ pD;qif;aewJU Munfvifat;jrwJU
jrpfwpfpif;qD a&mufvmawmhw,f/ jrpf[m awmifajc&if;udk acGywfum awmif
awGudk tEdkif,lvdkufNyD; udk,foGm;vdk&m yifv,fqD qefUwef;c&D;xGufoGm;wmudk
jrif&awmhw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSmyJ tarhqD jyefvmcJU zdkU ylaqG;EGrf;vsatmfac:oHudk
Mum;vdkuf&ygawmhowJU/
'guAsm&JU pmom;awGu ajymaewJU tay:,H qdkvdk&if;yg/ twGif;om;
t"dyÜm,frSm wpfckckudk wifpm;ajymqdkaew,fqdkwm odomygw,f/ c&D;&Snfqdkwm
wu,fhc&D; [kwfykH r&ygbl;/ OmPfynmeJU Nidrf;csrf;rIudk &SmykHawmfusL;cJUwmvdkU
qdkxm;wJUtwGuf ynm&&m&aMumif;? pdwåokc &&m&aMumif; tywfwukwf
cJ&mcJqpf tm;xkwfBudK;yrf;cJUwmudkyJ qdkvdk[ef&Sdygw,f/ jrpf[m awmif&JUajc&if;
udk acG&pfywf0dkufum pD;qif;&if; awmifudktEdkif,lw,fqdkwm 'Dawmifudk
jzwfausmfwufraeawmhbJ udk,foGm;vdk&m yifv,fqDudk oGm;EdkifcJUw,fvdkU
ajymwmyg/ olvJolU&Ju OmPfynmeJU Nidrf;csrf;rI&SmykHawmf c&D;rSm awmifwef;BuD;
om
ozG,f a&SUu wm;qD;aewJU tcuftcJBuD;udk ausmfvTm;p&mrvdk? ab;ua0hum

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0dkufumom vdk&mc&D;oGm;Edkifw,f? OmPfynmeJU Nidrf;csrf;rIudk &Edkifw,fvdkU ajym

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wmyg/ b,frSm &EdkifrSmvJ/ rdcif&JU &ifcGifrSmvdkU uAsmq&mu qdkxm;w,f/

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udk,fhtdk;udk,fhtdrf udk,fhZmwdrSmyJ &Edkifw,fvdkU ajymwmjzpfw,f/

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uAsmq&m oauFwjyKajymaewmudk rdrdBuKHawGUae&wJU tajctae
eJUcsdefxdk;um vdk&mzGifhqdk em;vnfEdkifayvdrfhr,f/ Oyrmwpfckuawmh awmNrdKUrSm
aeol wpfOD;u a&TNrdUawmfBuD;wufrS ynm&Sdr,f? csrf;omr,fvdkU txifa&muf
aew,f qkdygawmh/ a&TNrdKUawmfwufrS r[kwfygbl;/ udk,fhZmwd awmNrdKU awm&Gm
rSmyJ avmutaMumif; odaumif; p&mawG &Sdaeygw,f/ 'DrSmyJ ynm&Sdjzpfum
pdwfcsrf;om&m(Nidrf;csrf;rI)&Edkifygw,fvdkU qdkvdkw,f/ aiGt&if;tESD; rsm;rsm;&SdrS
csrf;omwdk;wufEdkifr,f xifrSwfaeol wpfOD;udkvJ aiG&if;r&SdvdkU pdwfysufraeygeJU?
udk,fhtajctaerSmyJ ynm&SmEdkifw,f/ pdwåokc&Edkifw,f vdkU qdkvdkygw,f/
uJ.... 'DuAsmav;udk ]pum;vkH;csif;}&Sif;jyNyD;wJUaemuf jrefrmvdk uAsm
tjzpf bmomjyefMunfhMu&atmif/ olUrl&if;uAsmu um&efpepf? rMwmpepfudk
rokH;ygbl;? uRefawmfwdkUvJ olUvdkyJ a&;csMunfhr,f/
pyg;&dkif;
uRefawmfh ajcay:u &THU[m? tara&U

c&D;tqkH;rSm ynmeJU okc
awGU&r,f xifrSwfrSm;um
xGufcJUwJU c&D;&Snfuaygh/
yljyif; eD&Jvrf;awGeJU Mu,frsm;vdk xdzdkU
tm;xkwfwJU awmifawGay: c&D;ESifcJU/
awmifMum;&JU csKdifhawGrSm
Munfvif jrpfwpfpif;qD a&muf&/
om
awmifajcawGudk &pfywfum yifv,fqD

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olUvrf; qefUwefU&if; awmifawGudk

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tarhqD jyefvmcJUzkUd
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148
ylaqG;EGrf;vs atmfac:oHudk
uRefawmf Mum;rdw,f tar/
auGqD b&l;
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149
A TIME TO TALK
When a friend calls to me from the road
And slows his horse to a meaning walk,
I don't stand still and look around
On all the hills I haven't hoed,
And shout from where I am, 'What is it?'
No, not as there is a time to talk.
I thrust my hoe in the mellow ground,
Bladeend up and five feet tall,
And plod: I go up to the stone wall
For a friendly visit.
Robert Frost
pum;vufqkH
uRefawmfhrdwfaqGwpfpk[m wpfywfwpfcg pum;0dkif;zGJUavh&Sdw,f/ xl;xl;

axGaxG ajymp&m aqG;aEG;p&m&Sdw,fvdkU&,f r[kwfygbl;/ cifrifMuolcsif; awGUqkH
NyD; pum;vufqkH us&wmudku t&omwpfck? vlUpnf;pdrfwpfckvdkU ,lqrdMu
vdkUygyJ/
pmay? EdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;qdkwmrsKd;vJ ajymcsifajymjzpfr,f/ vlUcGpm
jzpfaewJU rdwfaqGwpfa,muftaMumif; twif;tzsif; jzpfcsifvJjzpfr,f/ wpfcg
wav wwfEdkifwJUtcgrsm; usKdufxD;&dk;vdk? ppfudkif;awmifvdkawmif wyifwyef;
wufNyD; rtdyfEdkif rem;Edkif pum;ajymypfvdkufMurdao;&JU/
om
vl[m tvkyfvkyfvdkUcsnf; raeEdkifacsbl;/ tm;csdefxm;NyD; pmzwfwJU

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tcgzwf? vrf;avQmufwJUtcgavQmuf? yGJvrf;vdk azsmfajzrIwpfckck MunfhwJU

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vufzuf&nfqdkifxkdif? avyef;aezdkUom roifhawmfwm/ 'DtaMumif;udk pma&;

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150
q&m? uAsmq&mawG a&;MuvSygNyD/ uRefawmfwkdUi,fi,fuvnf; oifcJU&NyD;
tckvJ q,fwef;ausmif;om;awGtzdkU t*FvdyfpmrSm jy|mef;xm;wJU uAsmav;
wpfyk'fuvnf; tJ'DtaMumif;yJ zGJUxm;w,f (Leisure ygwJU)/ tar&duef

trsKd;om;uAsmq&mBuD; a&mbwfza&mhpfuvJ pum;ajymzdkU tcsdefqdkwm vdktyf
wJUtaMumif; uAsmwpfyk'f zGJUcJUzl;ygw,f/ 'DuAsmudk tck wifqufvdkygw,f/
yxrqkH; uAsmudk udk,fhbmom tptqkH; zwfMunfhNyD; udk,fb,favmuf
xd em;vnfovJ ppfaq;Munfhygav/ NyD;rS &Sif;vif;csufrsm;udk zwfMunfhyg/
acgif;pOf A Time to Talk qdkwm ]pum;ajymzdkUtcsdefwpfcsdef}aygh/
When ... 'Dvdk0gusud k When eJU pxm;&if 'Dyk'fpk[m b,ftxd
qdkifovJqdkwmudk &SmMunfh&w,f/ 'DrSm walk xdqdkifw,f/ jrefrmvdkrSm ]wJUtcg}

qdkwmudk tJ'DaemufqkH;rSmrS ajym&r,f/
a friend calls to me from the road rdwfaqGwpfOD;u usKyfudk
vrf;uae atmfac:
and NyD;
slows his horse to a meaning walk olUjrif;udk t"dyÜm,f&Sd&Sd

vrf;avQmufykHrsKd; aES;apvdkufwJUtcg ('DrSmrS when udkvmNyD; qufpyfay;
ygw,f/)
jrif;[m ajy;wJUtaumifrsKd;/ tJ'Dvdkajy;wJU taumifudkvrf;avQmufwJU
tqifhrsKd; xd aES;apwmudky J slows to a walk vdkU okH;xm;w,f/ 'Dvdkjrif;udk

jznf;jznf;av; oGm;apwmudku t"dyÜm,f&Sdw,f/ olUrdwfaqGeJU &yfpum;ajym
OD;r,fqdkwJU &nf&G,fcsuf aygh/ 'gudk ]a meaning walk}vdkU zGJUygw,f/
I don't .... 'DrSmvJ don't qdkwJU pum;vkH;[m b,ftxd

tusKH;0ifovJ qufzwfMunfh&w,f/ I don't stand...., I don't look...., I
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don't shout.... Bud,mokH;ckeJU tusKH;0ifaewmudk awGU&vdrfhr,f/

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I don't stand still NidrfNidrfav; &yfraeygbl;/

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On all the hills I haven't hoed usKyfrwl;qG&ao;wJU awmifukef;
tm;vkH;ay: (vSnfhrMunfhygbl;)
And (I don't) shout from where I am udk,f&Sd&muae vSrf;ratmf
ygbl;/
What is it? bmvJvdkU (vSrf;ratmfygbl;)
No.... twdtusuawmh ]r[kwfbl;}vdkUjzpfayr,fh 'Dvdkae&mrsKd;rSm
jrefrmu ][kwfuJU}vdkUyJ ajymwmudk owdjyKygav/ Oyrm-t*Fvdyfu Don't you
know it? (rodbl;vm;)vdkUar;&if No, I don't(know)vdkU ajzw,f/ jrefrmu
][kwfuJU rodygbl;}vdkU ajzw,f/
not... txufu I don't (stand, look, shout)awGudk jyefNyD;awmh not
wpfvkH;wnf;eJU nTef;wmyg/
as there is a time to talk pum;ajymzdkU tcsdefqdkwm &SdwJUtwGuf
(tJovdk rvkyfygbl; ratmfygbl;)

I thrust my hoe aygufwl;udk ypfcsvdkufw,f (pdkufvdkufw,f)
in the mellow ground aysmhaysmif;wJUajrrSm (aygufwl;udk pdkufvdkuf
w,f)
Bladeend up aygufwl;&JUtoGm;udk tay:axmifum
and five feet tall ig;aytjrifheJU (axmifvdkufw,f)
and plod av;av;wGJUwGJU vrf;avQmufvmcJUw,f/
for a friendly visit rdwfaqGtcsif;csif; awGUqkHMuzdkU «txufu

pmom;awGudk aygif;vdkufawmh ]aygufwl;udk ajrBuD;xJ pdkufxm;cJUum rdwfaqGcsif;
awGUMuzdkU vSrf;vmcJUw,f»
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'Dae&mrSm uAsmq&m v,form;BuD;[m rdwfaqG&JU ac:oHudk Mum;vdkuf&

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awmh vkyf&if;wef;vef; tvkyfawG wpfykHwpfyif&SdwmudkyJ xm;ypfcJUum (]rwl;rqG

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ao;&wJU awmifukef;awG}) rdwfaqG&Sd&m vmcJUwmudk owdjyKygav/ b,favmuf

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rsm; rdwfaqGtaygif;toif;eJU pum;ajym&wmudk cHwGif;awGUvdu
k fovJvdkU/
wdkwdkwkwfwkwf uAsmav; wpfyk'fjzpfayr,fvdkU xnfhxm;wJU tao;pdwf
tcsuftvuf wdusrSefuefykHudkvnf; rSwfom;tyfw,f/ jrif;eJUvmwJUvluvnf;
jAKef;qdkjrif;udk &yfvdkufwmr[kwfbJ rdwfaqG vifr,m;udkvSrf;ac:NyD; jrif;udk
jznf;jznf;av;yJ vrf;avQmufovdk pD;vmcJUykH? tac:cH& wJU v,form;uvnf;
NidrfNidrf&yfvdkuf&if; ]a[-bmvJ}vdkU jyefvSrf;atmfwmrsKd; r[kwfbJ wl;qGvufp
aygufwl;udk wl;qGaygif;oifaeqJrdkU El;nHUaysmhaysmif;aewJU ajrBuD;xJ ypfpdkuf
vdkufykH? pdkuf&mrSm toGm;udkaxmifNyd; pdkufykH? 'gawG[m wu,fh vufawGU
b0uom &EdkifwJU o&kyfazmfuGufawGjzpfw,f/ wu,fvJ rvkyfzl;bJeJU
pdwful;,OfNyD;a&;vdkU 'DvdkjzpfrvmEdkifbl;/ a&mbwfza&mhpf[m tdrfaxmifus
NyD;wJUaemuf v,fvkyfaecJUao;wmudk owd&ygav/
tck vkH;csif; &Sif;vif;jyNyD;om;av;awGudk jrefrmvdkjyefpDMunfhMuatmif/
bmom jyefwm rl&if;pmom;udk b,fenf;ESifhrS b,fawmhrS rrDEdkifbl;qdkwJU
qdk&dk;pum;&Sdw,f/ 'gaMumifhpmayudk t&om&Sd&Sd cHpm;csif&if rl&if;udk zwf&w,f/
xm;ygawmh... tck rl&if;udk zwfMuNyD;NyDav/ &wefoa&GU jrefrmuAsm
vkyfMunfhr,f/
pum;ajymzdkUtcsdef
rdwfaqGwpfa,muf usKyfudk vrf;ay:u ac:?

olUjrif;udk t"dyÜm,f&Sd&Sd vrf;avQmufaES;apwJUtcg?
usKyf Nidrf&yf? aygif;roif&ao;wJU
awmifukef;wpf0dkuf vSrf;MunfhwJUNyD;?
om
udk,f&Sd&mu ]bmvJ}vdkU ratmfygbl;/

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[kwfw,f? pum;ajymzdkU tcsdefqdkwm &Sdao;wmyJ/

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aygufwl;udk aysmhnHUajrrSm ypfpdkufvdkufw,f?

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toGm;udk tay:axmif? ig;ay jrifhjrifhaygh/
NyD; vSrf;cJUw,f? ausmufwkH;eH&HqD oGm;awmhw,f?
rdwfaqGcsif; awGUqkHMuzdkU/
a&mbwf za&mhpf
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MAKE BELIEVE
Say I were not sixty,
say you weren't nearhundred,
say you were alive.
Say my verse was read
in some distant country,
and say you were idly turning the pages:
The blood washed from your shirt,
the tears from your eyes,
the earth from your bones;
neither missing since 1940,
nor dead as reported later
by a friend of friend of a friend...
Quite dapper you stand in that bookshop
and chance upon my clues.
That is why at sixty
when some publisher asks me
for biographical details,
I still carefully give
the year of my birth,
the name of my hometown:
GERDA MAYER born '27, in Karlsbad,
om
Czechoslovakia.... write to me, father.
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Gerda Mayer
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&SmykHawmf uAsmwpfyk'f
jreffrmpmayrSm awmifwGif;OD;aMumh&JU &SmykHawmfuAsm (pkHeHUomNrdKif &SmykH

awmfBuD;) [m uAsmrSwfwdkif xlcJUw,fvdkUqdk&r,f/ cifyGef;onf a,mufsm;
aysmufoGm;wJU rif;orD;av; [dkawmxJa&muf? onfawmifay:a&mufeJU oem;p&m
&SmykHawmfusL;&ykHudk wcrf;wem; a&;zJGUxm;wJU uAsmt&SnfBuD;yg/ olUudkwkyNyD;
r,m;aysmuf&SmykHawmf bmnm pojzifh a&;Muao;w,f/ aemufydkif; aw;csif;awG
rSmvnf; bm&SmykHawmf? nm&SmykHawmf pojzifh wdkwdkxGmxGmay:vmcJUNyD; ]&SmykHawmf}
qdkwJU pum;vkH;[mvJ jrefrmpum;xJ wpfp wpfp 0ifa&mufvmcJUawmhw,f/
ppftwGif; aysmufoGm;&wJU vifjzpfoludk &SmykHawmfusL;wJU Zmwfvrf;udk
&kyf&Sif &dkufcJUzl;wm tifrwefatmifjrifNyD; jrefrmEdkifiHrSm vlBudKufrsm;cJUygw,f
(Sunflowers) tck wifqufr,fh uAsmuawmh zcif&SmykHawmf uAsm/
a&;ol *Ja&'g rm,J&f[m vli,fb0uyJ csufudkqvm;AD;,m; jynfuae

taemufbufodkU xGufajy;vmcJUum tckNAdwdefrSm aexdkifolyg/ 1927rSm arG;w,f
qdkawmh uAsma&;wJU 1987rSm touf 60&SdygNyD/ olUtaz tmef(v')pwdkif;[m
*smrefawG tzrf;cH&um 1939 rSm epfudk&Sd *smreftusOf;pcef;u vGwfajrmuf
xGufajy;NyD; &koQawG odrf;ydkufxm;wJU vJrfbm*fudk a&mufoGm;w,f/ 1940
aEG&moDrSm tpaysmufoGm;jyef w,f/ &koQpcef;wpfckckrSm aoqkH;oGm;cJUNyDvdkUyJ
,lqcJUMu&ygw,f/ 'gudkyJ om;jzpfolu rdrd(om;)touf 60 tbdk;BuD; jzpfvm
wJUtxd rarhwJUEdkif woojzpfum taz&SmykH awmf uAsma&;vdkufykH[m
&ifeifhp&muav; jzpfaeygw,f/
*J&'g rm,J&f[m csufvlrsKd;jzpfayr,fh i,fi,fuwnf;u taemufudk
om
a&mufvmcJUolrdkU uAsma&;awmh t*FvdyfvdkyJ a&;ygw,f/ tckuAsm[m

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oludk,fwdkif t*Fvdyfvdk a&;wJUuAsmyg/ zwfMunfhMu&atmif/

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uAsmacgif;pOf Make Believe qdkwm uav;rsm;bmvkyfwrf;nmvkyfwrf;
upm; w,fqdkovdkrsKd;? wu,fr[kwfwmudk [kwfav[ef pdwful;,Of vkyfMunfh
wmudk ajymwm yg/ jrefrmvdk ],kHwrf;}vdkUjyefvdkufw,f/
Say I were not sixty uRefawmfhtoufu ajcmufq,fr[kwfbl;qdkygpdkU?
wu,fu ajcmufq,f&SdaeNyD/ 'gaMumifh t*FvdyfvdkokH;&mrSm I were vdkU

qdk&w,f/
Say you weren't nearhundred tazhtoufuvJ wpf&meD;yg;r&Sdao;
ygbl; qdkygpdkU/ wu,fu &SdNyD/

Say you were alive taztouf&Sifaeao;w,f qdkygpdkU/ wu,f
uawmh b,ft&yfb,fpcef; a&mufaeae? toufwpf&meD;yg;&SdaerSawmh
touf&Sifvsuf&SdzkdU rvG,fawmhygbl;/
Say my verse was read in some distant country uRefawmhfuAsm
udk a0;vHwJU wdkif;jynfwpfjynfrSm zwfMuw,f qdkygpdkU/ wu,fawmh rm,J&f&JU

uAsmudk t*Fvef? tar&duef pwJU t*Fvdyfpum;ajym wdkif;jynfrsm;rSm
zwfaeMuNyDjzpfayr,fh csufudkpvdkAm;uD;,m;? &koQpwJU wdkif;jynfrsm;rSm zwfzdkU
qdkwmuawmh tJ'Dwkef;u rjzpfEdkifygbl;/ pmtkyfudk qdkifay:wifr,fawmif
r[kwfacsbl;/
And say you were idly turning the pages taz(uAsmpmtkyf)pmrsuf
ESmawGudk ysif;ysif;&d&d vSefavSmaew,fqdkygpdkU/ pmtkyfudkqdkifay:awmif rwifwm?

b,f tbdk;BuD;vufxJ a&mufvdrfhrvJ/
The blood washed from your shirt tazh&SyftuFsDu aoG;udk

aq;aMumum/ *smreftusOf;pcef;u xGufajy;vmwJU olUzcifudk pdwful;,Of
o&kyfazmfaewm jzpfw,f/
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the tears from your eyes tazhrsufvkH;awGu rsuf&nfawGudk

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(aq;aMum um)/
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the earth from your bones tazht&dk;awGu ajrBuD;udk(aq;aMumum)/
'Dyg'rSmawmh olUtazudk aoNyDvdkUyJ pdwfxJucH,lxm;vdkufykH&ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh

taz ao&mu &Sifvmw,fqdkygpdkUvdkU ,kHwrf;pum; ajymMunfhvdkufwmyg/
Neither missing since 1940 1940uwnf;u aysmufvJraysmuf/
nor dead as reported later by a friend of a friend of a friend
rdwfaqGwpfa,muf&JU rdwfaqGwpfa,muf&JU rdwfaqGwpfa,mufu aemif owif;
ay;ovdk aovJrao/ (wpfa,mufpum; wpfa,muf vufqifhurf;wmudkyJ
ay:vGifatmif ]rdwfaqGwpfa,mufudk} okH;cgxyfajymxm;yg/)
Quite dapper you stand in that bookshop prwfususeJUtaz tJ'D
pmtkyfqdkifrSm rwfwyf&yf/ (olUtaz raobJapmapmu ajymcJUwJUwdkif;jynfu

pmtkyfqdkifrSm a&mufoGm;av[ef pdwful;,OfMunfhwm/)
and chance upon my clues uREfawmf&JU oJvGefp (ay;xm;wmav;)
awGudk rawmfrqawGUoGm;w,f(qdkygpdkU)/ (uAsmq&mrm,J&f[m olUtaz

olUudkrSwfrdNyD; qufoG,fEdkifzdkU olUuAsmpmtkyfrmS tNrJoJvGefpav;awG
ay;xm;avh&Sdw,f? qufzwfMunfh)
That is why at sixty 'gaMumifhyJ toufajcmufq,ft&G,frSm
When some publisher asks me for biographical details

xkwfa0olwpfOD;u uRefawmfhudk txkyÜwåd tcsuftvufrsm;awmif;&if/
I still carefully give uRefawmftckxufxd *&kwpdkufay;wkef;yJ

(bmudkay; ovJ qufzwf)/
the year of my birth uRefawmf arG;wJUESpf&,f/
the name of my hometown uRefawmhf Zmwdcsufa<uNrdKU&JU trnf&,f/
Gerda Mayer *J&'g rm,J& f

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born'27 \(19)27rSm arG;
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in Karlsbad, Czechoslovakia csufudkpvdkAm;uD;,m;jynf?

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um;vqbmh'f NrdKUrSm (arG;)/ ('gawGu olUtazBuKHvdkU zwfrd&if od&atmif

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uAsmpmtkyfrSm olay;xm; wJU oJvGefpawGyg? 'gaMumifh-)

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write to me, father uRefawmfhqD pma&;yg tazwJU/
tckwpfyg'csif; &Sif;jy&mrSm you udk]taz}vdkUyJ a&;cJUygw,f/ 'gayr,fh

uAsmudk pzwfwJU vl[m you qdkwm b,folrSef;rod&ao;bJ aemufqkH;yg'usrS
taz rSef;od&wmyg/ 'gaMumifhtptqkH;jrefrmvdkjyefNyD; a&;wJUae&mrSm you

udk]cifAsm;}vdkUyJ okH;vdkufygw,f/ 'grS uAsm&JU wpfqifhwpfqifhwufoGm;wJU
Suspense oabmav;ay: vGifayvdrfhr,f/ udk,fhtazudk ]cifAsm;}vdkU

ac:wm[m jrefrmpum;rSm &dkif;awmh&dkif;yg w,f/ 'gayr,fh rwwfEdkifbl;?
uAsm&orysuf&atmif ]cifAsm;}yJ okH;vdkuf&ygw,f/ zwfMunfhyg/
,kHwrf;
uRefawmf ajcmufq,f r&Sdao;bl; qdkygpdkU?

cifAsm; wpf&meD;yg; r&Sdao;bl; qdkygpdkU?
cifAsm; touf&SifqJyJ qdkygpdkU/
a0;vHwJU wdkif;jynf wpfjynfjynfrSm
uRefawmfhuAsmudk zwfMuw,f qdkygpdkU?
cifAsm; pmrsufESmawGudk avQmufvSefaew,f qdkygpdkU/
cifAsm; &Syftusøu aoG;udk?

rsufvkH;awGu rsuf&nfudk?
t&dk;awGu ajrBuD;udk aq;aMumcJUum/
1940 uwnf;u aysmufvJ raysmuf?
om
rdwfaqG&JU rdwfaqG&JU rdwfaqGu

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aemif owif;ay;ovdk aovJ rao....

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prwfususeJU cifAsm; tJ'DpmtkyfqdkifrmS &yf

uRefawmfhoJvGefpawG rawmfwq oGm;awGU/
'gaMumifhyJ ajcmufq,f&G,frSm
xkwfa0ol wpfOD;OD;u uRefawmfhudk
txkyÜwåd tcsuftvufrsm;awmif;&if?
ckxd aoaocsmcsm ay;vdkufrdw,f
uRefawmfarG;wJUESpf?
uRefawmfh ZmwdNrdU trnfudk-
*J&'g rm,J&f? csufudkqvdkAm;uD;,m;jynf?

um;vqbmh'frSm? 27 ckrSmarG;... uRefawmhfqD pma&;yg? taz/
*J&'g rm,J&f
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THOSE WINTER SUNDAYS
Sundays too my father got up early
and put his clothes on in the blueblack cold,
then with cracked hands that ached
from labor in the weekday weather made
banked fires blaze. No one ever thanked him.
I'd wake and hear the cold splintering, breaking.
When the rooms were warm, he'd call.
and slowly I would rise and dress,
fearing the chronic angers of that house,
Speaking indifferently to him,
who had driven out the cold
and polished my good shoes as well.
What did I know, what did I know
of love's austere and lonely offices?
Robert Hayden
jrif;rdk&fawmifOD; ruusL;om;
rdbarwåmudk zGJUwJUuAsmawG uRefawmfwkdU wdkif;jynfa&m urÇmrSmyg

ra&rwGuf Edkifatmif rsm;jym;vGef;aeygNyD/ qufvufNyD;awmhvnf; zGJUMuqJygyJ/
'DavmuftyfaMumif; xyfaewJU t&mwpfckudk bmaMumifhrsm; zGJUMuygvdrfh/
awmfavmufNyD xifyg&JU/ uAsmzGJU w,f qdkwmtaMumif;t&m t"du r[kwf
ygbl;/ b,fvdkzGJUovJqdkwmom ta&;BuD; w,fqdkwmudk oabmayguf&ifjzifh
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'Dar;cGef;[m ar;p&m rvdkacsbl;/ taMumif;t&m xyfayr,fh a&;zJGUykHrxyf&if?

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olrsm;eJU rwl&if zGJUEdkifwmygyJ/

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tck wifqufr,fh uAsmudk Munfhav/ rdbarwåmudk zGJUxm;wmyJ

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jzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh bmrS crf;crf;em;em; BuD;BuD;us,fus,f tjzpftysufawmh

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r[kwfacsbl;/ omref rdbt&dyftm0goatmufrSm aexdkifcJU&wJUolwdkif; cyfqif
qif BuKHawGUzl;r,fh rxl;qef;vSwJU b0tuGufuav;wpfuGufudk uav;b0
udk,fawGUxJu xkwfEkwfwifjy xm;wmygyJ/ 'gayr,fh MunfEl;p&m? vGrf;qGwf
p&m? wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyJ aMuuJGp&muav; jzpfaewmudk awGU&ygvdrfhr,f/
udk,fusKd;riJUwJU rdb&JUarwåmeJU uav;i,fwkdU&JU rodqdk; &Gm;EdkifvSykHudk uAsmq&m
a&mbwfa['if olUuav;b0 udk,fawGUudk jyefajymif;owd& xm;ykHudk
zwfMunfhprf;ygbd/
acgif;pOfu Those Winter Sundays ]tJ'Daqmif;&moD we*FaEGaeUrsm;}

wJU/
]tJ'D} qdkwma0;vHwJU olUi,fpOfawmifaus;uav;b0 aeU&ufrsm;udk
nTef;aew,fvdkU em;vnf&ygr,f/ we*FaEGvdkU ajym&wmudkawmh zwfMunfh&if
oabmaygufvdrfhr,f/
yxrtydk'f-
Sundays too my father got up early we*FaEGaeUrsm;rSmvnf;
uRefawmfhtaz tapmBuD;tdyf&mxw,f/ ]vnf;}vdkU okH;xm;wJUtwGuf cgwdkif;

vnf; tapmBuD;xw,fvdkU od&w,f/ we*FaEGtm;vyf&ufvnf; rem;bl;?
apmapmxwmygyJ wJU/
and put his clothes on t0wftpm;0wfw,f/ n0wfudkcRwfNyD; aeUcif;
t0wftpm; vJwmudkajymwmyg/
in the blueblack cold eufjyma&mif tat;xJrSm (t*Fvdyfpum;rSm
at;vGef;&if rsufESmawG? vufawGjymvmw,fvdkU okH;avh&Sdw,f/ wpfcg

om
&dkufvdkUESufvdkU tndKtrnf;xifwmudkvnf; t*Fvdyfu ]teuftjymxifw,f}vdkU

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okH;jyefw,f/ teuf [mtr*Fvm t"dyÜm,fudkvnf; aqmifjyefw,f/

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'gawGudkwGJNyD; at;wmudk tjymteuf tat;vdkU zGJUvdkufwmygyJ/)

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then with cracked hands tJ'Daemuf uGJtufaewJU vufawGeJU
(tvkyfMurf; vkyfaeusrdkU vufawGrSm 'Pf&m'PfcsufawG? trm&GwfawG
jynfhaewmudk jyw,f/) 0gusrqkH;ao;? qufzwf)
that ached from labor in the weekday weather tvkyfvkyf
&ufrsm;rSm vkyf&wJU tvkyfaMumifh emusifudkufcJaewJU (vufrsm;eJU) twdtus

uawmh tvkyfvkyf &wJU &ufrsm;&JU rdk;avxJrSm&,fvdkU jzpfw,f/)
made banked fires blaze Mum&SnfcHatmif ausmufrD;aoG;rIefUponf
tkyfxm;wJU rD;udk tvQHnD;nD; awmufavmifvmatmif vkyfvdkufw,f/ (tdyf

aepOfu rD;udk Mum&SnfcHatmif tJovdkvkyfxm;wmyg)
no one thanked him b,folurS olUudk (tJovdk vkyfay;wJUtwGuf)
aus;Zl; wifpum; rqdkMubl;/
'kwd,tydk'f-
I'd wake and hear uRefawmfEdk;vmNyD; Mum;&w,f/ (bmudkMum;ovJ?
qufzwf)
the cold splintering, breaking tat;"mwf tydkif;ydkif; tpdwfpdwf
jzpfoGm;wm? NydKuGJwmudk (Mum;&w,f) (tat;"mwfavsmhyg;vmNyD; taEG;"mwf

0ifvm wmudkyJ tat;"mwfNydKuGJw,fvdkU zGJUygw,f)
When the rooms were warm tcef;awG aEG;vmwJUtcg (tdrfOD;cef;
rD;zdkBuD; u &J&JnD;rD;awG xdefvmawmh olUtcef;? udk,fhtcef;? wpftdrfvkH;rSm&SdwJU

tcef;awG aEG;vmw,f/)
he'd call olu ac:ygw,f/ (t*Fvdyfpum;rSm would udk okH;xm;wmu
tavhtxudk jyygw,f/ tazBuD;u tJovdkrD;zdkudk qGay;awmh uRefawmfvnf;

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Edk;vm avh&Sdw,f/ aemufoluRefawmfhudk ac:avh&Sdw,fvdkU jzpfoGm;w,f/)

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and slowly I would rise and dress jznf;jznf;uav; uRefawmfxNyD;

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fearing the chronic angers of that house tJ'Dtdrf&JU xm0&a'go
awGudk aMumuf&GHUvsuf ('Dvdkqdkvdkufawmh 'DtdrfBuD;[m aMumufp&mBuD;vdkU

xifp&m jzpfr,f/ 'gayr,fh xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rSmu i,fpOfuav;b0rSmawmh
tazvnf; a'goBuD;? tarvnf; rmefrJqdkqJeJU aMumuf&GHUae&wmyJ r[kwfvm;/
'DqdkqdkqJqJxJrSmyJ arwåm[m &Sdaew,fqdkwmudk BuD;umrS jyefpOf;pm;MunfhrS
oabmaygufEdkifrSm jzpfw,f/)
0gus rqkH;ao;ayr,fh uAsmwpfydk'fawmh qkH;NyD/
wwd,tydk'f-
Speaking indifferently to him olUudkbmrS rxl;jcm;ovdktrIrJUtrSwfrUJ
pum;qdkvsuf (wu,fu olvkyfay;xm;vdkU tdrfxJrSm aEG;aEG;axG;axG;&Sd&NyD/

'gudk aus;Zl;wifpum;qdkzdkU aumif;wmaygh/ tckawmh tJovdk aus;Zl;pum; rqdk?
olUaus;Zl;udk Oayu©mjyKum trIrJUtrSwfrJUyJ wjcm;udpöyJ ajymw,f/) 0gusu
rqkH;ao;/
who had driven out the cold tat;"mwfudk armif;xkwfay;cJUwJU
(olUudk aus;Zl;pum;rqdk)
and polished my good shoes as well aemufNyD;aumif;aewJU
uRefawmfh&SL;zdeyfawG udk wdkufay;xm;wJU (olUudk omrefpum;yJqdkvsuf)

What did I know uRefawmf bmodvdkUwkef; (av;eufapcsifwJUtwGuf
'gudk ESpfcg ausmhxm;ay;ygw,f/) bmudkrodwmwkef;? 0gusu rqkH;ao;?

qufzwf/
of love's austere and lonely offices arwåmw&m;&JU

Murf;wrf;cufcJwJU wpfOD;wnf;omvkyf&wJU 0wå&m;rsm;taMumif;udk
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(uRefawmfbmodvkdUwkef;) (rdbu om;orD;udkl vkyfaqmifay;wmrsKd;vdk

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arwåmaMumifh xrf;&GufwJU 0wå&m;qdkwm cufcJyif yef;w,f/ cspfoltaru

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tazu olUbmom olwpfOD;wnf;vkyfaqmif&wmjzpfw,f/ tck 'Dtbdk;Bud;udk

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Munfhav/ olUbmomwpfa,mufwnf; tdyf&mux? rD;zdkudk rD;awG awmufatmif
vkyf? om;uav;zdeyfav;awGudk wdkufyGwfay;xm;&Smw,f r[kwfvm;?
'Dtvkyf[m cufcJyifyef;w,f? tazBuD;wpfOD;wnf; csrf;csrf;pD;pD;xJ tdyf&mu
cufcufcJ cJxNyD; vkyfae&Smwm? olrsm;awGu tdyfaumif;Muwkef;)
uAsmq&m[m olUuav;b0udk jyefajymif;owd&rdw,f/ aqmif;wGif;
tapmBuD; rSm olUtaz tdyf&mu xwwfwmudk owd&rdw,f/ tdyf&mux?
t0wftpm;vJNyD; tazBuD;[m rD;zdkxJrSm wtkHaEG;aEG;omjzpfaewJU rD;awGudk
w[kef;[kef;xavmifatmif vkyfvdkufw,f/ tJ'Dawmh tdrfxJrSmat;aewmawG
aysmufNyD; aEG;axG;oGm;&awmhw,f/ 'DaemuftazBuD;u uAsmq&mavmif;vsmudk
EId;w,f/ xcJU&w,f/ olUtazu taumif;BuD;yJ&Sdao;wJU olUzdeyfudkvnf;
ajymifvufatmifyGwfwdkufay;xm;wmudk awGU&w,f/ 'gayr,fh tjcm;olrsm;
enf;wl uAsmq&mu olUtazudk aus;Zl;wifpum; wpfcGef;rqdkbl;/ 'g
vkyf&dk;vkyfpOfyJ qdkovdkrsKd;? rodvdkufrodom wjcm;pum;yJ qdkrdowJU/
(bmaMumifh uAsmq&mavmif;udk EIdif;&ovJqdkwmudk xnfha&;rxm;ygbl;/
we*FaEGaeU qdkawmhum bk&m;ausmif;oGm;zdkUEdI;wm jzpfvdrfhr,fvdkU cefUrSef;&wmyJ/
zdeyfudkvnf; wdkufay;xm;w,fqdkawmh bk&m;ausmif;oGm;zdkU jzpfEdkifygw,f/)
uAsm&JU taMumif;t&muawmh 'gygyJ/ uAsmudk 'DtaMumif;t&mudk
A[dkjyKum? tazBuD;&Ju tvkyfMurf;aMumifh Murf;wrf;aewJUvuf? tat;"mwf?
tat;"mwf ysufjy,f&ykHwdkU&Ju tzGJUtEGJUrsm;eJU rGrf;rHum okH;ydk'f&atmif zGJUxm;
w,f/ rdbaus;Zl;? rdbarwåm BuD;rm;ykHudk BuD;rm;vSygayw,fvdkU wdkuf&dkuf
rqdkbJ ]uRefawmf bmodvdkUwkef;} &,fvdkU rdrd&JU rodqdk;&Gm;ykHudkazmfjy&if;
xif&Sm;ay:vGifapw,f/ r[kwfoabmaqmifwJU ar;cGef;av;eJU t[kwfjzpf&yfudk
ydkrdkay:vGifwuf<uvmapw,fvdkU qdk&rSmaygh/
om
tck jrefrmvdk uAsmzGJUMunfhMur,f/

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tJ'D aqmif;v we*FaEGaeUrsm;
we*FaEGaeUrsm;vnf; taz apmapmxw,f?

tjymteuf tat;xJ t0wftpm;0wf?
'Daemuf tvkyf&uf rdk;a&xJ tvkyfvkyf&vdkU
udkufcJaewJU uGuftuftuf vufawGeJU
jymzkH;rD;udk nD;xdefapNyD/ b,folrS aus;Zl;rqdk/
ig Ekd;vm? tat;"mwf tpdwfpdwf uGJNydKwm Mum;&/

tcef;awG aEG;vmawmh olu ac:vdkU?
ig jznf;jznf;x? t0wftpm; vJ&aygh?
tJ'D tdrf&JU xm0& a'gorsm;udk aMumufrd/
olUudk bmrS rjzpfovdk pum;qdkrd?

tat;"mwfudk armif;xkwfcJUol?
igh zdeyfawGudkvnf; wdkufxm;ao;ol/
ig bm odrwkef;? ig bm odrwkef;
arwåm&JU cufcJ? wpfudk,fawmf 0wå&m;taMumif;/
a&mbwf a['if
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166
GRANDMOTHER AND CHILD
The waves that danced about the rock have gone,
The tide has stolen the rock as time has stolen
The quiet old lady who waited beneath the trees
That moved with a sad seasound in the summer wind.
When death was as near as the wind among the leaves
Troubling the waking fear in the heart of the child
As the wind was troubling the shadows on the sunlit lawn.
The grandmother seemed as frail as the frailest leaf.
But she sat so still in the shade of the summer trees
With the wind of death on her cheeks and her folded hands,
Her strength seemed large and cool, as the rock in the sea
Seemed large and cool in the green and restless waves.
As the rock remains in the sea. deep down and strong,
The rocklike strength of the lady beneath the tree
Remains in the mind of the child, more real than death
To challenge the child's strength in the hour of fear.
Ruth Dallas
arwåm&dyf arwåmcGeftm;
i,fpOfawmifaus; uav;b0rSmawmh udk,fhtrd? udk,fhtz? udk,fhtbdk;?

udk,fhtbGm;? udk,fhOD;BuD;? udk,fha':BuD;qdkwmrsm;[m BuD;rm;vSwJU tm;udk;&m
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BuD;awGygyJ/ 'gudk i,fb0udk jyefvnfowd&rdolwdkif; oabmaygufMuvdrfhr,f/

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tbGm;qdkwm wkefwkefcsnfhcsnfheJU tm;EGJUwJU rdef;rtdkBuD;wpfa,mufrQomaygh/

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'gayr,fh ajr;i,fuav; tzdkUrSmawmh 'DtbGm;tdkBuD;[m usm;BuD;-qifBuD;yJ

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vmvm? o&JBuD;-bDvl;BuD;yJvmvm? rkefwdkif;vmvm? rdk;BudK;vmvm?
tumtuG,fay;EdkifwJU cdkudk;&mBuD; jzpfw,f/ ausmufawmifBuD;vdk cdkifcHUum
anmifndKyifBuD;vdk t&dyftm0go at;jrw,f/ 'DcHpm;rI uav;udk uAsmq&mr
&kof 'Jvmhpfu jrwfEdk;zG,f uAsmav;wpfyk'f zGJUxm;w,f/ zwfMunfhMu&atmif-
acgif;pOfu Grandmother and Child tbGm;eJUajr; .... ygwJU/

The waves that danced about the rock ausmufaqmifwpf0dkuf
uckefMu wJU vIdif;rsm;
have gone oGm;NyD? r&SdawmhNyD/
The tide has stolen the rock 'Da&u ausmufaqmifBuD;udk ckd;,loGm;
cJUNyD? 'Da&wdkufpm;ypfvdkU ausmufaqmifBuD;r&SdawmhNyD/
as time has stolen/ The quiet old lady wdwfqdwfwJU tr,ftdkudk
tcsdefu cdk;,loGm;cJUovdk? tcsdefMumNyDrdkU tr,ftdkr&Sdawmhovdk (0gusu

rqkH;ao;? qufzwf)
who waited beneath the trees opfyifawGatmufrSm apmifhaewJU
(tr,ftdk) (0gusrqkH;ao;)
That moved with a sad seasound in the summer wind
aEG&moDavxJ rSm aMuuGJzG,f yifv,ftoHeJU vIyf&Sm;wJU(opfyifawG)
yxrtydk'f-
ausmufaqmifwpf0dkuf uckefMuwJU vIdif;rsm; r&SdMuNyD/ aEG&moDavxJrSm
aMuuGJzG,f yifv,ftoHeJU vIyf&Sm;wJU opfyifawGatmufrSm apmifhaewJU
tr,ftdkBuD;udk tcsdefu cdk;,loGm;cJUovdk ausmufaqmifudk 'Da&u cdk;,loGm;cJUNyD/
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When death was as near as the wind among the leaves
sic
aojcif;[m opf&GufawGMum;uavavmuf eD;uyfaewJUtcg-

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Troubling the waking fear in the heart of the child uav;&JU
ESvkH; om;xJu Edk;xaewJU aMumufpdwfudk 'ku©ay;vsuf (0gusrqkH;ao;?

qufzwf)
As the wind was troubling the shadows on the sunlit lawn
aea&mifc jrufcif;ay:u t&dyfawGudk avu'ku©ay;ovdk (aMumufpdwfudk
'ku©ay;ae w,f)
The grandmother seemed as frail as the frailest leaf
tbGm;tdk[m tcsnfheJUqkH; opf&GufwrQ csnfheJU[efxif&w,f/
'kwd,tydk'f-
aojcif;[m opf&GufawGMum;u avavmufeD;uyfaewJUtcg? aea&mifc
jrufcif; ay:u t&dyfawGudk avu 'ku©ay;ovdk? uav;i,f&JU ESvkH;om;xJu
Edk;xaewJU aMumufpdwfudk 'ku©ay;vsuf avavmuf (aorif;eD;uyfaewJUtcg)
tbGm;[mtcsnfheJU qkH; opf&GufwrQ csnfheJU[ef xif&&JU/
But she sat so still 'gayr,fh ol NidrfNidrfuav; xdkfifaew,f/
in the shade of the summer trees aEGopfyifawG&JU t&dyfxJrSm
(xdkifaew,f)/
With the wind of death aojcif;w&m; av
on her cheeks olUyg;ay:rSm?
and her folded hands ydkufxm;wJU vufay:rSm (aojcif;w&m;aveJU)
Her strength olUcGeftm;uawmh
seemed large and cool BuD;rm;at;jrykH&w,f/
om
as the rock in the sea yifv,fxJu ausmufaqmif

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Seemed large and cool BuD;rm;at;jrykH&ovdk?
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in the green and restless waves pdrf;wJU *PSmrNidrfwJU vIdif;awG

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wwd,tydk'f-
'gayr,fh olUyg;ay:? ydkufxm;wJU olUvufay: aojcif;w&m;aveJU
(avwdkufcwf vsuf) aEGopfyifwkdU&JU t&dyfxJrSm olNidrNf idrfuav; xdkifaew,f/
yifv,fxJu ausmuf aqmif[m *PSmrNidrfwJU vIdif;pdrf;pdrf;awGxJ
BuD;rm;at;jr[efxif&ovdk? olUcGeftm; [mvJ BuD;rm;at;jr[ef xif&&JU/
As the rock remains in the sea ausmufaqmif[m yifv,fxJrSm
qufvufwnf&Sdovdk (b,fvdkwnf&SdovJ)
deep down and strong [dk;atmufteufBuD;xJrSm cdkifcdkifcHUcHU(wnf&Sdae
ovdk)
The rocklike strength of the lady beneath the tree
opfyifatmufu rdef;rBuD;&JU ausmufaqmifES,f cGeftm;[m-
Remains in the mind of the child uav;i,f&JU pdwfxJrSm
qufvufwnf&Sd aew,f/
more real than death aojcif;w&m;xufydkNyD; wu,fhwu,fjzpfw,f/
To challenge the child's strength uav;&JU cGeftm;udk pdrfac:zdkU
in the hour of fear aMumuf&GHUjcif;(b,)eJU(&ifqdkif&wJU)tcsdefrSm.....
pwkw¦tydk'f-
ausmufaqmif[m yifv,fxJrSm atmufteufBuD;xJ cdkifckdifcHUcHU wnf&Sdae
ovdk opfyifatmufu rdef;rBuD;&JU ausmufaqmifES,fcGeftm;[m aojcif;w&m;
xufydkNyD; wu,fhwu,f jzpfum? aMumuf&GHUjcif;eJu &ifqdkif&csdefrSm uav;i,f
om
&JU cGeftm;udk pdrfac:zdkU? uav;i,f&JU pdwfxJrSm wnfwHUaeygawmhw,f/

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uAsmudk yifv,furf;pyfrSm ae&mcsay;xm;w,f/ yifv,f? vIdif;? 'Da&?

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av? ausmufaqmif? opfyif? tbGm;tdk? uav;i,f/ urf;pyfa&xJrSm

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ausmufaqmifBuD;? 'DausmufaqmifBuD; wpf0dkufrSm vIdif;awG? urf;ay:u
opfyifatmufrSm tbGm;tdkBuD;/ tckawmhausmufaqmifvnf;r&Sd/ tbGm;tdkvnf;
r&SdawmhNyD/ 'Dvdkr&SdawmhwmeJU uAsmudk pxm;w,f/ 'Dawmh (tbGm;tdk
r&SdawmhNyDqdkawmh) cktcsdefrSm tJ'Duav;awmfawmf BuD;aeNyDvdkU uRefawmfwkdU
od&w,f/ oluyJ 'DtaMumif;awGudk jyefajymaewmuvm;/ ol urf;pyf
aqmhupm;aepOf opfyifatmufu apmifhaewwfwJU tbGm;udk owd&vGrf;rdwm
rdkU opfyifxJ 0ifwdkufwJU av&JUtoHudkyJ ]aMuuGJyifv,ftoH}vdkU zGJUvdu
k fw,f
xif&w,f/
'kwd,tydk'frSm tbGm;tdk[m toufBuD;oxufBuD;um ao&r,fh&ufqD
eD;vmae wmudk nTef;xm;w,f/ aojcif;w&m;[m b,favmufeD;vmaeyvJqdk&if
opf&GufawGMum;u avavmufeD;ygw,fwJ/ tifrwefxdrdwJU edrdwfykHav;
jzpfw,f/ opf&GufMum;u avqdkwm ta0;uavr[kwfovdk udk,fhtdrfem;u
opfyifMum;uavrdkU Mum;&wm jzpfw,f/ eD;orS tdrfem;a&mufaeNyDqdkwmudk
jynTefw,f/ wpfcg 'Dvdk opfyifMum;u avwdk;oHqdkwmuvJ uav;i,ftzdkU
aMumuf&GHUp&mjzpfw,f/ avu b,favmufeD; ovJqdk&if tdrfa&SUu
jrufcif;ay:u t&dyfawGawmif (opfyif&dyfawGaygh)vIyf&Sm;ae& w,f/ 'DtcsdefrSm
tbGm;uvnf; tcsnfheJUqkH;/ opf&Gufuav;vdkU xif&w,f/ xdrdvdkuf wJU
OyrmtvFum/ tcsnfheJUqkH; opf&Gufuav;[m avwdk;&if a<uawmhr,f?
tbGm;vJ tvm;wl/
'gayr,fh tbGm;uawmh rNzKHbl;/ opfyif&dyfrSm NidrfvdkUxdkifaew,f/ olUyg;-
olUvufwkdUrSmawmh aojcif;w&m;qdkwJU av&dkufcwfxm;wmudk jrifae&NyD/
ta&wGefUaeNyD/ olUcGeftm;uawmh BuD;rm;qJ? at;jrqJ/ urf;pyfu ausmuf
aqmifBuD;vdk BuD;rm;um at;jrvdkU/ 'Dwwd,tydk'frSm twdwfu yifv,furf;
om
&Icif;udk jyefjrifa,mifvdkufw,f/
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pwkw¦tydk'frSm yxrtydk'fudk jyefaumufNyD; ausmufaqmifBuD;a&m?

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tbGm;yg r&Sdawmhwmudk wifjyvdkufw,f/ ausmufaqmifBuD;u urf;rSmom

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rjrif&awmhwm? wu,fu vkH;0aysmufoGm;wmawmh r[kwfygbl;/ 'Da&awGu

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a&eufBuD;xJ o,foGm; Muwm/ a&eufBuD;xJrSmawmh awmifhwif;cdkifcHUwkef;/
tvm;wl tbGm;r&Sdawmhaomfvnf; tbGm;&JUcGeftm;uawmh ajr;i,f&JU
ESvkH;om;xJrSm eufeuf&Idif;&Idif;0ifatmif; usef&pf w,f/ aojcif;w&m;qdkwm
b,frSm&SdrSef; rodao;bl;/ i,fao;wmudk;/ tJ'Daojcif; w&m;xuf wu,fh
wu,f vufawGUcHpm;ae&wmu cGeftm;? 'DtbGm;&JUcGeftm;[m ab;tEå&m,f
(aMumuf&r,fhtcsdef)eJU BuKHawGUwJUtcg uav;i,f&JUcGeftm;udkprf;oyf cdkif;awmh
r,f/ ]ighajr; tpGrf;jyvdkufprf;}vdkU pdefac:awmhr,fwJU/
tbGm;eJUajr;
ausmufaqmifwpf0dkuf uwJU vIdif;wkdU r&SdNyD

aEG avxJ aMuuJGyifv,f toHeJU vIyf&Sm;wJU
opfyifwkdUatmuf apmifhol Nidrfqdwf rdef;rBuD;udk
tcsdefu cdk;oGm;ovdk ausmufaqmifudk 'Da& cdk;cJUNyD/
aea&mifc jrufcif;ay: t&dyfwdkUudk av 'ku©ay;ovdk

uav;&JU ESvkH;xJ Edk;xaMumufpdwfudk 'ku©ay;wJU
opf&GufMum;u avavmuf aojcif;eD;wJUtcg
tbGm;[m tcsnfheJUqkH; opf&Gufavmuf csnfheJUykHyJ/
'gayr,fh aEGyifwkdU&JU t&dyfxJ olNidrfxdkifae&JU/

olUyg;? ydkufxm;wJU olUvufwkdUay:rSm r&P av?
*PSmrNidrf vIdif;pdrf;awGxJ yifv,fxJu ausmufaqmif
om
BuD;rm;-at;jrykHES,f? olU cGeftm; BuD;rm; at;jrykHyJ/

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ausmufaqmif[m yifv,fxJ atmufteufxJ cdkifcHUaeovdk

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opfyifatmufu rdef;rBuD;&JU ausmufaqmifES,f cGeftm;

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uav;&JU pdwfxJ wnfcJU? aojcif;xuf wu,f xif&Sm;?
aMumuf&csdef uav;&JU cGeftm;udk pdefac:r,fy/
&ko 'Jvmhpf
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173
FROGS
The storm broke, and it rained,
And water rose in the pool,
And frogs hopped into the gutter,
With their skins of yellow and green,
And just their eyes shining above the surface
Of the warm solution of slime.
At night, when fireflies trace
Lightlines between the trees and flowers
Exhaling perfume,
The frogs speak to each other
In rhythm. The sound is monstrous,
But their voices are filled with satisfaction.
In the city I pine for the country;
In the country I long for conversation
Our happy croaking.
Louis Simpson
rdw¦Dvmuefawmfatmufu
rdk;awG a0ga0g'dkif;'dkif; &GmcsNyDqdk&if tkH;tiftkH;tifeJU? b,fu ay:vmrSef;

rodwJU zm;wkdU&JU toHudk Mum;Mu&w,f/ rdk;eJUruif;olwdkUtzdkU zm;udk
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tuRrf;w0ifjzpfaewm rqef;ygbl;/ 0efBuD;ya'o&mZm&JU v,form;MuD;u

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rdk;xJv,fqif;&if; ]zm;aygifpif;}udk pm;p&mtjzpf o,fcJUw,f/ om;acsmhwJU

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rdcifuvJ ]rdwåDvmuefawmfatmufu}olUom;zkdU zm;aumufcJUzdkUrSmw,f/ cspfoludk

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vGrf;wJU a&Trif;orD;uawmh zm;udkaA'ifar;NyD; rSefcJU&if ]pHtdrfudk pdefeJU
rTrf;ygr,f}vdkU tmrcHzl;w,f/ acwfprf;pmqdk rif;ok0Pfuawmh uAsmpsef
0ifpm;aepOf uodkPf;t0ef;xJ zm;0ifvmcJUowJU/ EdkifiH&yfjcm;rSmvJ zm;udktrsKd;rsKd;
zGJUMu wJUtxJu 'DrSm vl0Dqifyqef&JU tzGJUtEJGUudk zwfMunfhMuygbd/
acgif;pOfu Frogs zm;rsm;wJU/
The storm broke rkefwdkif; pwifwdkufcwfw,f/
and it rained rdk;vJ &Gmawmhw,f
And water rose in the pool uefxJrSm a&wufvmawmhw,f/
And frogs hopped into the gutter zm;awGvrf;ab; ajrmif;xJckefcsMu
awmhw,f/
'DrSm uAsmwpfydk'fqkH;ygw,f/ 0gusuawmh rqkH;ao;ygbl;/ t*Fvdyfrl&if;rSm
aumfrmav;eJU yg'udk qkH;xm;w,f/ zm;awGudk qufvufo&kyfazmfr,fvdkU
em;vnfxm;w,f/
With their skins of yellow and green t0g tpdrf; ta&jym;awGeJU
And just their eyes shining olwkdU rsufvkH;awGom vif;vsuf/

0gusu rqkH;ao;? qufzwf
above the surface of the warm solution of slime ylaEG;aEG; &THUEGH
aysmf&nf&JU rsufESmjyif txufrSm (olwdkU rsufvkH;awGomvif;vsuf)/

«txufu tydk'feJU qufvdkuf&if zm;awGajrmif;xJckefvdkufwm? wpfudk,f
vkH; &THUEGHxJjrKyf? aMumifawmifawmif rsufvkH;uav;awGom 0if;aeMuwmudk
awGU&r,f/»
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At night nrSm
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When fireflies trace lightlines ydk;pkef;MuL;awGu tvif;wef;awGudk
aumufaMumif;vdkufMuwJUtcg? tvif;rsOf;aMumif;awGa&;qGJMuwJUtcg/ b,frSm

a&; ovJ/
between the trees and flowers opfyifawGeJU tyGifhawGMum;(tvif;
rsOf;awG a&;qGJMuwJUtcg)/ 0gusrNyD;ao;? qufzwf/

Exhaling perfume arT;&eHUrIwfxkwfwJU (yef;awGeJU opfyifawGMum;
tvif;rsOf; awG a&;MuwJUtcg)
The frogs speak to each other zm;awG wpfaumifudk

wpfaumifpum;ajymMu w,f/
In rhythm &pforfusus (pum;ajymMuw,f)
The sound is monstrous toH[m xdwfvefUzG,f? aMumufrufzG,f
jzpfw,f? o&Jobufqefw,f/
But their voices are filled with satisfaction 'gayr,fh
olwkdUpum;oHawGu auseyfrIjynfhw,f/ «t*FvdyfrSm sound &,f? voice &,f
cGJjcm;NyD;&Sdw,f/ jrefrmrSmawmh ]toH}csnfh/ sound ua,bk,soabm toH

[lorQudk ajymwm? voice u pum;ajym&mrSokH;wJU vnfacsmif;u xkwfvdkufwJU
toH» 'DrQtxdtydk'fav;ydk'feJU zm;awGudk zGJUcJUw,f/ tydk'fwpfckrSm rdk;oufrkefwdkif;
usNyD; zm;awG a&xJckefcsMuwmudk zGJUw,f/ tydk'fESpfrSm &THUa&xJu zm;wkdU&JU
rsufvkH;awG w0if;0if; jzpfaewmudkzGJUw,f/ tydk'fokH;rSm ydk;pkef;MuL;awG
wpfyifuwpfyif ul;vl;aeMuwJU ntcsdefudkzGJUw,f/ tydk'fav;rSm zm;awG tJ'Dvdk
ntcsdef atmfMuwmudkyJ pum;qdkMu [ef a&;w,f/ tJovdk zm;awGudk jrif-
Mum;-NyD;wJUaemuf uAsmq&mrSm tawG;ay:vm ykHudk tck tydk'f ig;rSm zGJUr,f/
In the city NrdKUrSmawmh
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I pine for the country aus;vufudk igwrf;wrdw,f/

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I long for conversation pum;ajym&wmudk igvGrf;rdawmhw,f/
«awmudktvnfa&mufvmNyD; wpfOD;wnf;aevdkae&? pum;ajymp&m tazmftaygif;
r&Sd jzpfaeawmhum NrdKUrSmwkef;u taygif;toif;awGeJU pum;pjrnfajymcJU&wmudk
jyefvnf awmifhwrdwmudk ajymwm/»
Our happy croaking igwkdU&JU MunfEl;zG,f wtkH;tiftif «txufyg'u
]pum;ajym&wm}udk jznfhpGufvdkufwJU pum;pkrQomjzpfw,f/ NrdKUrSm

taygif;toif;awGeJU pum;ajym&wmudkyJ wpfaysmfwpfyg; tkH;tifatmf&wmvdkU
qdkvdkufwmygyJ/ 'Dawmh txufav;ydk'fu qdkcJUwmawGeJU tcktydk'f
ig;qufpyfvdkUvJoGm;w,f/»
'Dae&mrSm uAsmykHoP²mef (Form) eJUywfoufvkdU tenf;i,f aqG;aEG;

csifw,f/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh ykHoP²mefqdk&if a'G;csKd;rSm tcsKd;ESpfck&Sdw,f/ BwdcsKd;rSm
tcsKd;okH;ck&Sd w,f/ ydk'fpkH&wkrSm tydk'fokH;ydk'f&Sdw,f/ 'DvdkyJ em;vnfMuw,f/ tck
uAsmrSmvJ tydk'f ig;ydk'fyg&Sdw,faygh/ wpfydk'frSm okH;aMumif;? 'grSr[kwf okH;yg'
yg&Sdw,faygh/ 'grsKd;[m uAsmpyfenf;eJU ywfoufwJU cGJjcm;enf;rQjzpfNyD;
tv,fwef;ausmif;om;av;awmif tvG,fwulodjrifEdkifwJUudpöyg/ ydkvdkU ta&;
BuD;wmu uAsm&JU twGif;om; ( content) udk uAsmq&mzGJUpnf;xm;ykH?
tawG;wpfckuwpfck zGHUNzdK;oGm;um olvdk&m udk qdkufqdkufNrdKufNrdKufa&mufoGm;ykH
(how the theme is developed) jzpfw,f/
'DuAsmrSmqdk&if yxr rdk;oufrkefwdkif;udk zGJUw,f/ 'Daemufzm;awGudk
zGJUw,f/ aemufqkH; uAsmq&mtay: zm;awG *,uf&dkufcwfykHudk a&;w,f/
'Dawmh tydkif;okH;ydkif; ygwJU zGJUpnf;rIvdkUem;vnf&w,f/ (tydk'fig;ydk'feJUrqdkif)
rkefwdkif;x? rdk;&Gmw,f? rdk;&Gmawmh zm;awGay:vmw,f/ zm;awGudk
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jrif&/ aemufolwkdU tjyeftvSefatmfMuwmudk Mum;& w,f/ 'Dvdkzm;awG

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atmfMuwmudk tjyeftvSefpum;ajymMuwmvdkU oabmaygufvdkufrdwJUtcg

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uAsmq&m[m NrdKUrSmwkef;u taygif;toif;awGeJU pum;vufqkHuscJU&ykHrsm;udk

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awmifhwrdw,f/ 'DvdkeJU taMumif;t&m wpfckuwpfckqD ajyajyjypfjypf OD;wnf

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qufEG,f oGm;um txGwftxdyfvdkU qdk&r,fh olUqdkvdkcsufqD qdkufqdkufNrdKufNrdKuf
a&mufoGm;awmh wmygyJ/ 'gudky J development of theme vkdUac:&wm/
'DuAsmudkvJ wellorganized poem vdkUajymEdkifwmjzpfw,f/

uAsmq&m[m zm;wdkU&JUtoHu olUtay: wkHUjyefrI (reaction) jzpfvmykH
azmfjyzGJUusL;xm;ayr,fh wcsKdU uAsmrsm;vdk aumufcsufcsrxm;wmudk owdjyKyg/
]aMom-olwkUd wd&pämefawGrSmawmif wpfOD;udkwpfOD; ac:Mu[pfMu&Sdovdk wdkUvlom;
awGrSmvJ wpfOD;udkwpfOD; ar;Mu? ac:MueJU pum;qufoG,frIqdkwm &SdMuyguvm;?
pum;qdkwm aygif;oif;qufqHa&;&JU r@dKifjzpfawmhoudk;}vdkU oabmqGJr,l?
qGJ,lcJUvQif uAsmysufNyD/
vdk&mtcsufuav;awGudk xdxdrdrdpum;vkH;awGeJU acRacRwmwmokH;um
o&kyfazmf xm;ykHudkyJ avhvmtyfw,f/ rkefwdkif;ud k The storm broke 'gyJ/
rdk;&Gmud k it rained 'gyJ/ a&awGvQHvmykHu dk the water rose 'gyJ/

zm;awGckefcsMuwmud k frogs hopped 'gyJ/ bmrStydkrcsJU/ 'gayr,fh pdppfNyD;
a&G;cs,fxm;vdkufykHu broke jzpfw,f? came r[kwf/ rose r[kwf/
rdk;&Gmwmudkawmh rained yJ/ 'Dhxufaumif;wm r&SdNyD/ it poured vdkU

okH;&if&ayr,fh rokH;bl;? a&udkv J rose taumif;qkH;? overflowed, flooded
ponfrokH;? zm;ckefcswmudkv J hopped tyDjyifqkH;/ jumped, leaped

ponfra&G;/ usefpum;rsm;udkvJ ola&G;cs,fxm;ykH avhvmMunfhygav/
nudk zGJUjyefawmh ydk;pkef;MuL;eJU opfyifyef;yif? 'gyJ,lvdkufw,f/
zm;rsufvkH;0if;0if; uae ydk;pkef;MuL; ul;ajymif;oGm;ykHudk owdjyKyg/ ydk;pkef;MuL;
awGu wpfyifu wpfyiful; w,f/ tyifqdkawmh yef;&eHUoif;ysHUwmygoGm;w,f/
awm&JUnwdkif;rSm yef;&eHUoif;NrJ? ckvdk nrSm yef;&eHYUwoif;oif;qdkawmhrS vlrSm
tawG;ydkvm&w,f/ ]rl;,pfa0}&w,faygh/ 'DawmhrS zm;wdkU&JUtoHudkyJ &pforf
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ususvdkU xifvm? (wu,fvJ ]tkH;tif tkH;tif}eJU[m &pforfajyjypfygw,f?)

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'D&pforfusustoHav;u tdyfarGUcsay;ovdkjzpfNyD; [dkvGrf;csif onfwrf;csif

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jzpfygava&m/ zm;awGudk pum;ajymaeMuwmvdkU jrifrdwJUaemufrSm udk,fwdkif

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NrdKUrSmwkef;u oli,fcsif;awGeJU pum;pjrnfajymcJU&wmudk owd&vmum
wrf;wrdoGm;awmhw,f/ 'DvdkeJU azmfvdkufwJU o&kyfuGufwdkif;[m uGif;qufuav;
awG jzpfoGm;um vdk&if;udk ydkUay;Muygawmhw,f/
zm;wGudk av;ydk'fzGJUNyD;wJUaemuf yOörtydk'f rdrdtawGUtBuKHudk a&;ygw,f/
zm;qdkwJU pum;vkH; wpfcGef;rS rygawmhbl;/ 'gayr,fh oleJUolUtaygif;toif;awG
tm;vl;zkwfMuwmudky J croaking vdkUzm;a0g[m&udk okH;NyD; o&kyfazmfvdkuf

wJUtwGuf txufu tydk'fawGeJU qufrdoGm;awmhw,f/ 'DvdkeJU olUuAsm[m
one unit jzpfoGm;yg aMumif;/
tck uAsmwpfyk'fvkH;udk jrefrmvdka&;csNyD; jrefrmuAsm zGJUMunfhMu&atmif/
«olUrl&if;uAsmrSm um&efryg? meter rokH;? pum;ajym&pforfeJU a&;xm;wm

jzpfw,f»
zm;rsm;
rkefwdkif; NydK? rdk;&Gm?

uefrSm a& wuf?
zm;awG ajrmif;xJ ckefaygh/
t0g tpdrf; ta&ajym;awGeJU?

ylaEG;aEG; &THUEGHaysmf&nf&JU
rsufESmjyifxuf rsufvkH;awGom 0if;vsuf/
ntcg? arT;&eHU&IxkwfwJU
om
yef;awG? tyifawGMum; tvif;rsOf;wkdUudk

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zm;awG wpfOD;udk wpfOD; &pforfeJU

pum;qdkMu/ toHu xdwfvefUp&m?
'gayr,fh auseyfrIjynfhwJU avyJ/
NrdKUrSm ig awmudk wrf;wrd?

awmrSm ig pum;udk awmifhwrd-
igwkdU waysmfwyg; tkH;tifoHy/
vl0D qif;yqef
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SPRING NATURE NOTES
The sun lies mild and still on the yard stones.
The clue is a solitary daffodil the first.
And the whole air struggling in soft excitements
Like a woman hurrying into her silks.
Birds everywhere zipping and unzipping
Changing their minds, in soft excitements,
warming their wings and trying their voices.
The trees still spindle bare.
Beyond them from the warmed blue hills
An exhilaration swirls upward, like a huge fish
As under a waterfall, in the bustling pool.
Over the whole land
Spring thunders down in brilliant silence.
Ted Hugthes
cgaEGqef;awmh
'DuAsma&;ol wuf'f [,l;Zf[m uaeUNAdwdefjynf&JU awmf0ifpmqdkawmf
(Poet Laureate) jzpfygw,f/ 1930zGm;qdkawmh touf 63 &SdNyD/ 60rjynfhrDu

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awmf0ifpmqdk a&G;cs,fwifajrmufcH&wmqdkawmh i,fi,feJUta&G;cH&w,fvdkU qdkEdkif

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w,f/ acwfopfuAsmq&mawGxJrSm xdyfwef;u yg0ifaeol wpfOD;aygh/

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tck wifqufvdkufwJU uAsm[m 1985u ('kwd,tBudrf)xkwfa0cJUwJU
Season Songs (&moDzGJUrsm;)xJu xkwfEkwfvdkufwmyg/ pmtkyfyguAsmawGu dk
Spring (0oEå)? Summer (*drmS e)? Autumn (o&')? Winter (a[rEå)
qdkNyD;awmh av;pkcJGNyD; pkpnf; xm;w,f? tckuAsmu Spring tkyfpkrSmygw,f/
'Dacgif;pOf (Spring Nature Notes)eJUyJ uAsm 6yk'fygw,f/ trSwf 1?2

ponfjzifh wyfxm;w,f/ tck[mu trSwf 1 yg/
acgif;pOf Spring Nature Notes rSm Spring u &moDav;ck&SdwJUteuf

yxrqkH;&moD jzpfygw,f/ jrefrmvdk aEGOD;&moDvdkUyJac:Muw,f/ wu,fawmh
rBudKufvSbl;/ 'gayr,fh 'DbmomjyefrSm ]aEGOD;}yJ okH;vdkufygr,f/ yg|dvdkawmh
0oEå&moDvdkU ac:w,f/ Nature qdkwmuvJ ]obm0}qdkwmxuf a&ajr

awmawmif MoumoavmuBuD;udk ajymcsifwm/ 'DuAsmrSm aEGOD;rSm a&ajr
awmawmif&JU tajctaeudk o&kyfazmfxm;wm awGU&vdrfhr,f/ Notes rSwfpkrsm;

aygh/ ola&;rSwfxm;wm uAsm 6yk'frdkU ]rSwfpkrsm;}vdkU okH;xm;w,f/
The sun lies aewnf&Sdw,f? usa&mufaew,f
mild and still El;El;nHUnHU-NidrfNidrfqdrfqdrf? 'Dyk'fpk[m 0daooejzpfw,f/
a&SUu aeudk nTef;w,f/
on the yard stones NcH0if;ausmufwkH;awGay:rSm/ wpfyg'vkH;aygif;vdkuf
awmh ]ae[m NcH0if;ausmufwkH;awGay: El;El;nHUnHUNidrfNidrfqdrfqdrf usa&mufae

w,f}aygh
The clue is oJvGefpuawmh? taxmuftxm;jyp&m tnTef;uawmh

(aEGOD;a&muf vmNyDqdkwmudknTef;wJU oJvGefpuawmh)
a solitary daffodil wyGifhwnf; yGifhaewJU 'Jz'dv yef;yGifhuav;ygyJ
«olwkdUqDrSm at;vGef;awmh aqmif;&moDrSm bmyef;rSryGifhMubl;/ aqmif;ukefvdkU

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aEGOD;a&mufawmhrSyJ yef;rsm;yGifhEdkifMuw,f»
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the first yxrygyJ «yxrqkH; yGifhwJUyef;ygyJ»

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And the whole air avwpfckvkH;[mvJ avxkwpfckvkH;[mvJ (avxk
atmosphere vdkU rqdkbJ av air udkyJ wpfckvkH;vdkU qdkvdkufykHuav;u

qef;aew,f/ pOf;pm;MunhfvdkufawmhvJ [kwfom;ygvm;? qdkvdkU&om;ygvm;vdkU
oabmaygufvm& w,f)
struggling in soft excitements El;nHUwJU pdwfvIyf&Sm;rI uav;awGeJU
&kef;uefvsuf (avvIyf&Gaewm)
Like a woman hurrying into her silks uAsmuoD ydk;xnfawG
0wfaewJU rdef;uav;wpfOD;vdk (avu vIyf&Gaew,f)

Birds everywhere ae&mwum iSufawGuvnf;
zipping and unzipping Zpfwyfvdkuf ZpfjzKwfvdkufeJU «rdef;rwpfa,muf
t0wftpm; 0wfaewmudk o&kyfazmfrd&mu iSufuav;awG vIyf&Gaw;oD

aeMuwmudk zGJU&mrSmvJ Zpfwyfwm ZpfjzKwfwm qufzGJUawmhw,f»
Changing their minds (ck'gvkyfr,f? ck 'grvkyfawmhbl;) pdwfawG
ajymif;vJ umeJU
in soft excitements El;nHUwJU pdwfvIyf&Sm;rI uav;awGeJU
Warming their wings tawmifyHawGudk ylaEG;apum (aeylvSef;um
aepmvIHum)
and trying their voices toHawGudk prf;oyfMunfhMuum? [dkvdkq&

dk if
aumif;Edk;? 'Dvdkqdk&if aumif;Edk;? toHudk trsKd;rsKd;prf;oyfqdkMunfhaeMuwm/
The trees still spindle bare opfyifawGuawmh (opf&GufawG

a<uusukefNyDrdkU) &pfwHvdk Avmusif;vsufyJ/ csnfwif&pf&m &pfwH[mbmrS
tcReftwufryg/ &dk;&dk;wkwf wpfacsmif;rQ jzpfw,f t&Gufuif;wJU aEGOD;&JU
opfyifawGudk&pfwHeJU EdIif;xm;w,f/
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Beyond them olwkdUudk vGefoGm;&ifawmh? opfyifawG&JU [dkwpfbuf

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from the warmed blue hills ylaEG;aeNyDjzpfwJU awmifukef; jymjymawG
qDu
An exhilaration jrL;<urIwpfck
swirls upards tay:udk a0h0dkufum wufoGm;w,f
like a huge fish ig;BuD;wpfaumifvdk (wufoGm;w,f)
As under a waterfall a&wHcGef&JUatmuf
in the bustling pool yGufavm&dkufaewJU a&tdkifxJrSm (vdk)
'Dyg'okH;aMumif;udk pkaygif;vdkufawmh awmtkyf&JUtvGef? awmifay:awGu

jrL;<uwJUtoHwpfoH xGufay:vmw,f/ toHay:vmykHu a&uefxJu ig;BuD;
wpfaumif wGefUvdrfckefaygufay:vmovdkyJwJU/ b,frSmvJ-a&wHcGefatmufu
a&tdi
k fxJrSmig;BuD; ay:vmovdkygwJU/
Over the whole land e,fwpf0ef;vkH;rSm
Spring thunders down aEGOD;[m rdk;csKef;ovdk xpfcsKef;um qif;cs
vmaeNyD
in brilliant silence awmufawmufyy qdwfNidrfjcif;eJU/ 'Dae&mrSm

]awmufyw,f} qdkwmu tjriftm&kHeJU qdkifw,f? qdwfNidrfw,fqdkwmu
tMum;tm&kHeJU qdkifw,f/ tjriftm&kHeJU ywfoufwJU a0g[m&udk tMum;tm&kH
okH;zdkUqdw
k m omrefpum; rSmxkH;pHr[kwfaybl;/ 'gayr,fh uAsmrSmawmh &dk;aeNyD/
aemufqkH;ESpfyg'udk qufpyfvdkufawmh ]a'owpf0ef;vkH;rSm aEGOD;[m

awmufywJU qdwfNidrfrIeJU xpfcsKef;vdkU qif;oufvmacsNyD}&,fvdkU jzpfw,f/
qdwfNidrfw,fvJqdkao;&JU? xpfcsKef;w,fvJ qdkao;&JU/ b,fhESmygvdrfhvdkU
atmufarhcsifp&m jzpfw,f? jzKef;ceJ tay:,HuMunfhvdkuf&if rrSefbl;?
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qefUusifbufvdkUxif&ayr,fh av;av;eufeufawG; Munfhvdkuf&if trSefjzpfwmudk

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]yg&m'gu©}(Paradox)vdkUac:ygw,f/ uAsmrSm tifrwef tokH;rsm;w,f/

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]qdwfNidrfjcif;&JUtoH (The sound of silence)? ]cg;atmifcsKdw,f} (bitter

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sweet) qdkwmrsKd;awGaygh/ odyfwdwfqdwfvGef;ae&if wdwfqdwfwJUtoHudk
Mum;Edkifw,f/ csKdvGef;&ifvJ cg;wmudkawGU&r,f/ tckvJ aEGOD;&Icif;u Nidrfqdwf
vGef;aeavawmh wdwfqdwfwJU toH[m xpfcsKef;ovdk us,fus,favmifavmif
BuD; Mum;ae& w,fwJU/
'DuAsm[m aus;vufa'o0ef;usifrSm 0oEå&moD pwif0ifa&mufvmykHudk
zGJUxm;wJU uAsmwpfyk'fjzpfw,f/ &moDzGJUqdkayr,fh Munfhp&m? jrifp&m rsm;rsm;
pm;pm; rygacs bll;/ 'Jz'dv yef;yGifhav; wpfyGifheJUt&Gufr&Sd Avmusif;aewJU
opfyifawG/ 'gyJ/ 'gayr,fh &moDopf0ifvmyku
H dk pdwfvIyf&Sm;wuf<uzG,f wifjy
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uav;awG[mjzifh uAsmrSm tc&mygyJ/ El;nHUnifom avvIyf&Sm;aewmudk
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wyfvdkuf ZpfjzKwfvdkuf a0cGJr& Asmrsm;aeykHeJU EIdif;w,f/ opfyifawG t&Guf
Avm usif;aewmudkvJ csnfr&pfxm;wJU &pfwHeJUEdIif;w,f/ ta0;awmifay:rSm
jrLcdk;vm;? awmifckd;vm;rod ay:vmwmudkvJ a&wHcGefatmuf a&tdkifxJ
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aEGOD; Moumo rSwfpk
ae NcH0if; ausmufwkH;ay: nHUEk Nidrfqdwf/
oJvGefpuawmh wpfyGifhwnf; 'Jz'dv yxrqkH; yef;
avwpfckvkH; El;nHUwJU pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;eJU &kef;uefae

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ae&mwumrSm iSufwkdU Zpfwyfum ZpfjzKwfum
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opfyifwdkU &pfwHES,f Avmusif;vsufom/

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a&wHcGefatmuf? yGufyGufnH a&tdi

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0if;yy qdwfNidrfrIeJU aEGOD; xpfcsKef; oufqif;vmcJUaygh/
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COCK_CROW
Out of the wood of thoughts that grows by night
To be cut down by the sharp axe of light,
Out of the night, two cocks together crow,
Cleaving the darkness with a silver blow;
And bright before my eyes twin trumpeters stand,
Heralds of splendour, one at either hand,
Each facing each as in a coat of arms;
The milkers lace their boots up at the farms.
Edward Thomas
vif;MuuftaqmfuGif;xufrSm
tuf'0gh'f awmrmhpfqdkwm yxrurÇmppfwkef;u (1917) wdkufyGJrSm

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acwfrSDaeqJ&SdNyD; t*FvdyfuAsmtaMumif;ajymMupdkUqdk&if olUuAsmudk xnfhajymae
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acgif;pOfu CockCrow wJU? MuufwGefcsdefaygh/

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Out of the night nxJuae/ 'g[m txufESpfyg'rSmqdkcJUwJU Out of
the wood...light qdkwmudk xyfausmhajymvdkufwmyJjzpfw,f/ 'Dawmh ]tawG;
awmtkyfxJuae? nxJuae} &,fvdkUjzpfoGm;w,f/ ]tawG;awmtkyf}eJU ]n}

twlwljzpfoGm;w,f/ nxJuae bmjzpfovJ-
two cocks toghter crow MuufzESpfaumif twlwuG wGefMuygav
a&mwJU/
Cleaving the darkness with a silver blow
tarSmifudkaiGxdk;ESufcsufeJU cGJjcrf;vdkufwm (wGefMuygava&mh)/ t*Fvdyfpum;
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jzpfw,f/ 'DrSmu MuufwGefoHudkyJ xdk;ESufcsufeJU xyfwljyKxm;wmjzpfw,f/
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And bright before my eyes ighrsufvkH;a&SUrsm awmufawmufyyeJU-

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vmrSmudk a&SUawmfajy; wHydk;rIwfay;MuwJU ppfonfawmfrsm; jzpfygw,f/ 'gudkyJ
atmufyg'rSm qufqdkw,f/
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splendour qdkwm ]ta&mift0g}qdkwmxuf ydkygw,f/ crf;em;BuD;us,fwJU

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]ta&mift0g}u olUavmufrBuD;us,f rcrf;em;bl; jzpfaew,f/
One at either hand wpfbufrSm wpfaumif
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as in a coat of arms wHqdyfawmfrSmvdk/ rif;nDrif;om;awG? bk&ifawG&JU
wHqdyf trSwftom;tjzpf 'dkif;vTm;ponfay:rSm a&;xm;wJU&kyfykH oauFwud k
coat of arms vdkUac:w,f? rsm;aomtm;jzifh jcaoFh? ,leDaumefpwJU

taumifESpfaumif rsufESmcsif;qdkifvsuf qGJxm;avh&Sdw,f/ 'gudk nTef;vdkufwmyg/
tJ'D 'dkif;vTmwHqdyfawmfxJu jcaoFhESpfaumifvdk wpfaumifeJUwpfaumif
rsufESmcsif;qdkifvsuf/ wpfbufrSmwpfaumif? aeUtvif;&Ju a&SUawmfajy; Muufz
nDaemif olUrsufpda&SUrSm 0if;0if;yy awGUjrifvdkuf&w,fwJU/
The milkers EGm;EdkUnSpform;rsm;/
lace their boots up bGwfzdeyfawG BudK;wyfMuNyD/
at the farms v,f,mpcef;awGrSm/ (v,f,mawGrSmawmh EkdUnSpform;
awG bGwfzdeyfBudK; wyfMuNyD/ EdkUnSpfwJUtvkyfpawmhr,f/ vkyfief;cGif 0ifMu

awmhr,f)
uAsmuawmh'gygyJ/ ntarSmifudk NzdKcGJzkdU MuufnDaemifwGefavNyD/
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zGJUjyoGm;w,f/ taMumif;t&m[m t"dur[kwf/ b,fykHb,fenf; zGJUw,fqdkwm
uom ta&;BuD;w,fqdkwmudk om"u xlvdkufwmvdkU qdkEdkifw,f/
ntarSmifxJuae MuufawG xwGefvdkufw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm nudk

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xm;ykHu avhvmp&myJ/ ]tawG;}vdkUqdkygw,f/ ]tdyfruf}r[kwfbl;/ Eke,folom
qdk&if nqdkwmeJU tdyfruf vdkUa&;rSmyJ/ nr[kwfbJeJUawmif tdyfruf? tdyfrufeJU
wpfrufwnf; rufaeMuwm r[kwfvm;/ wu,fpOf;pm;MunfhvdkufawmhvJ nrSm
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tdyfawmifr&awmhbl;/ aemufNyD; tdyfrufqdkwmu uav;qefw,f/ tawG;urS
vlBuD;qefw,f/
tawG;qdkwm wjznf;jznf; wpfppeJU ay:xGef;BuD;xGm;vmwm jzpfw,f/
'gaMumifh tawG;udk ]nrSm ayguf}wJUtyifvdkU EIdif;w,f/ 'DtyifawGaygufaewJU
awmudkt*Fvdyf pum;rSm grove,wood, forest, jungle pojzifh pum;vkH;awG
&SdwJUtxJu tyifpkomomrQjzpfwJU grove udkra&G;? awmBuD;rsufrnf;avmufvJ

r[kwfwef&mvdkU forest, jungle wdkUudk y,fvdkufwm taeawmf wood udk
okH;vdkufw,f/ 'Dawmtkyfudk ckwfxGif;NzdKzsufrSmuvJ "m;r[kwfbl;? ykqdefudk
a&G;vdkufw,f/ ykqdefudkyJ opfyifawGckwfvSJ&mrSm okH;Muwmudk;? tvif;[m
tarSmifudk NzdKcGif;wJU vufeufrdkU tvif;eJU ykqdefudk &lyu jyKvdkufw,f/
aemufMuufwGefoHu tarSmifudk NzdKcGif;vdkufaMumif; ajymwJU tcgrSmawmh
MuufwGefoHudk aiGxdk;ESufcsufvdkU zGJUvdkufw,f/ awmtkyf (opfyifawG)udk
ckwfxGif;pOfu cut down udkokH;NyD; tarSmifudk NzdKcGif;&mrSm cleave
udkokH;xm;w,f? pum;vkH;awGudk olUae&meJUol tH0ifcGifus okH;ykHygyJ/

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aeUtvif;a&mifqdkwJU bk&ifrif;jrwfvdkU odMu&w,f/ ae(ol&d,)&JU a&SUawmfajy;
vdkU rqkdbJ ]aeU('d0g)tvif;a&mif}&JU a&SUawmfajy;vdkU qdkvdkufykH[m omref
uRefawmfwdkU arQmfvifhrdwmrsKd;r[kwfbJ opfqef;aewm xl;jcm;aejyefw,f/
Muufu BudKqdkr,fqdk&ifvJ tvif;a&mifudk BudKqdkwm jzpfrSmygyJ/ aeudk
olodcsifodr,f/ 'Dawmh obm0usvdkUvJ oGm;jyefw,f/
MuufESpfaumifudkzGJU&mrSm 'dkif;vTm;ay:u-wHqdyfxJutaumifESpfaumifES,f
&ifqdkif&yfaeMuykH tzGJU[mvJ avsmfuefoifhjrwfvSw,f/ wHqdyfxJrSm owå0g
ESpfaumifudk a&;qGJ&mrSm cRwfpGyfwlatmif yef;csDq&mu a&;qGJxm;wm/
tJ'Dtwdkif; MuufESpfaumif[m cRwfpGyfwlw,f/ 'Dawmh apmapmu ]t>rm
nDaemif}vdkUqdkxm;wmeJU qDavsmfoGm;jyef a&m/
aemufqkH; vlqdkwJU v,form;udk zGJU&mrSmawmh wpfyg'yJ okH;xm;w,f/
'DvdkvkyfvdkufwJUtwGuf txufu qkdcJUNyD;orQ ckESpfyg'vkH;vkH;[m oleJUvJ
qdkifw,f/ 'gaMumifh xyfrqdkwmvdkU qdkvdk&musw,f/ nrSm tawG;opfyif
awGaygufwmvJ olyJ? ntarSmifudk NzdKcGif;csifwmvJolyJ? aeUtvif;udk
c&D;OD;jyKwmvJ olyJ? ol[m Muufenf;wl Moumo avmu wpfOD;rQomygyJvdkU
qdkNyD;om;jzpfw,f/ aeUa&mufvmrS olb0qufvufa&; twGuf tvkyfvkyf
&r,fav/ tvif;pwifa&mufvmr,fvJqdka&m tvkyfcGif0ifzdkU zdeyf BudK;csnf
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uAsmwpfyk'f&JU om"u jzpfaejyefw,f/
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tvif; a&SUawmfajy;awG
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tuf'0gh'f awmarmhpf
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192
BUT THOSE UNHEARD
From where I sit I see a patch
Of sky, but chiefly trees;
A lovely thing to view their green
Within the windowframe;
Not only green of varying tone
Beneath the dominant blue,
But blossoms burning in the green
Chanting their secret song.
Along the lignumvitae shine
Clusters of tender mauve;
Above, against the sky, bright stars
Of frangipani glow,
And scarlet bougainvillea throbs
From out the deepest green.
A lovely thing to see all this
Within the windowframe
The long blue archway of the sky,
The music of the trees,
To let the senses sink within
This silent symphony.
Frank Collymore
rMum;&wJU aw;*Dw
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aeolurIwf? AkHwD;olu wD;aewmudk jrif&w,f/ 'Dawmh uAsmq&mu olwkdU
wD;rIwfMur,fh aw;*Dwudk ]pdwf}em;eJU em;qif Munfhum
Mum;&wJU aw;oHrsm;[m csKdw,f? 'gayr,fh rMum;&wJU aw;oHrsm;u
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av;vdk jzpfoGm;w,f/ tck wifqufxm;wJU uAsm&JU acgif;pOfu 'Dudwfpf&JU
yg'xJu pmom;udk ,lxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ Heard melodies are sweeet, but
those unheard are sweeter qdkwJUtxJu but those unheard

udk,lxm;wmyg/ tckb,fvdkem;eJU rMum;&wJU aw;oHawGvJ zwfMunfhMu&atmif/
from where I sit igxdkifaewJU ae&muae «uAsmq&m[m tcef;xJrSm
xkdifae ykHygyJ»
I see a patch of sky aumif;uif&JU wpfydkif;wpfpudk igjrif&w,f/
But chiefly trees 'gayr,fh t"du yifr (jrif&wmawGuawmh)

opfyifawGyg yJ/
A lovely thing MunfEl;p&myJ/
to view their green olwkdU&JU (opfyifawG&JU)tpdrf;a&mifudk &IMunfh&wm
(MunfEl;p&myJ)/
within the windowframe jywif;aygufabmiftwGif;rSm

(olwkdUtpdrf;udk &IMunfh&wm MunfEl;p&myJ/) uAsmq&m&JU tcef;jywif;ayguf
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Not only green of varying tone wkef;trsKd;rsKd;eJU jzpfaewJUtpdrf; wGif
r[kwfao; «ta&miftEk? t&ifhtrsKd;rsKd; jzpfaewmudk ]wkef;}trsKd;rsKd; jzpfaew,f

vdkU yef;csDpum;eJU qdkw,f»/
but blossoms burning in the green tpdrf;xJrSm avmifuRrf;aewJU
tyGifhrsm;vnf; ygao;w,f/ «t&Gufxktpdrf;a&mifxJrSm yef;yGifhawG pdrfh0if

a&m,Suf oGm;ykHudkyJ ]avmifuRrf;0ifaew,f}vkdU zGJUxm;w,f/»
Chanting their secret song (tyGifhuav;awG[m) vQKdU0Sufaw;udk
oDqdkum (avmifuRrf;aeMuw,f)? ]rMum;&wJUaw;oH}u 'DrSmpygNyD/ yef;yGifhav;

awG aw;oDwmudk rHoem;eJU rMum;&yg/ pdwful;em;eJUom Mum;&wmjzpfygw,f/
Along the lignumvitae vpf&erfAdkifwD;yif (opfrmyifwpfrsKd;)wpfavQmuf
rSm?
shine clusters of tender mauve r&rf;a&mifEkEk t>ywftpkrsm;

0if;yae Muw,f «opfcGyef;awGudk qdkvdkykH&w,f/»
Above, against the sky tay:rSm? rdk;aumifeJU,SOfum? rdk;aumif;uifudk
aemufcHjyKum
bright stars of frangipani glow w&kwfpHum; Mu,fawG vif;vufae
Muw,f/ «w&kwfpHum;yef;eJU Mu,fudk &lyujyKxm;w,f/»

And the scarlet bougainvillea eD;apG;apG; puúLyef;awG/
throbs from out the deepest green teuf&Idif;qkH; tpdrf;xJuae
zdkvIdufaeawmhw,f/
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MunfEl;p&mygyJ «0gusu rqkH;ao;? atmufutcsufawGygygw,f? olwkdUudkvnf;
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The long blue archway of the sky &Snfvsm; jymvJUvJU
aumif;uifrkwfckH; (jywif;aygufxJu jrif&wJU opfyifwkdUtxufu aumif;uif
wpfpGef;wpfp[m rkwfckH;ckH; BuD;ES,f xif&w,f/)
The music of the trees opfyifwdkU&JUaw;*Dw (wu,fuawmh
jrif&kHyJjrif&wm yg/ 'gayr,fh tpdrf;xJrSm r&rf;Ek? teD&ifh? t0ga&mifpkH xkd;azmuf
jzwfqif;aeykH[m &pforfusw,f? 'gaMumifh *DweJU EIdif;vdkufw,f/ rjrif&wJU
*Dwaygh)
To let the senses sink within this silent symphony 'DtoHwdwf
qifzeDwD;0dkif;&JU *DwxJ tm&kHcHpm;rIawGudk ESpfypfvdkuf&wm (MunfEl;p&m
aumif;ygbdw,f) (txufem;u A lovely thing [m 'Dtxd tusKH;0ifw,f)

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I SHALL RETURN
I shall return again, I shall return
To laugh and love and watch with wonder eyes.
At golden noon the forest fires burn,
Wafting their blueblack smoke to sapphire skies,
I shall return to loiter by the streams
That bathe the brown blades of the bending grasses.
And realize once more my thousand dreams
Of waters rushing down the mountain passes.
I shall return to hear the fiddle and fife
Of village dances, dear delicious tunes
That stir the hidden depths of native life,
Stray melodies of dimremembered runes.
I shall return. I shall return again
To ease my mind of long, long years of pain.
Claude Mckay
a&TjynfXme a0;aomfaMumifh
a0;ajr&yfjcm;udka&mufwJUtcg udk,fhZmwdajrudk vGrf;qGwfwrf;w wwfMu

wm vlom;wdkU"r®wmayyJ/ rJZma&muf trwfBuD;u olUa&TNrdKUawmfudk wrf;w
cJUw,f/ ]]onfqD a&TNrdKU? onfodkU apwD? onfqDa&Tef; ajzmifhwef;awmhrnf
pdwfu&nfonf....}}/ EdkifiH&yfjcm;udk ynmoifoGm;cJU&wJU jrefrmpmqdkuvnf;
]]rvmjzpfEdkifbl; igacwfwpfcg ukefawmh? rD;a&mifpkH uRwfoDwif;udkv &ifwGif;u
om
ylqmqm}}eJU vGrf;rdygw,f/
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rau;uvJ olUZmwdajr *sarum;udk vGrf;wrdaMumif; uAsmawG a&;zGJUcJUw,f/
tck uAsm[m olUvGrf;uAsmwpf yk'fyg/ zwfMunfhygbd/
acgif;pOf I shall return ]]igjyefvmr,f}}ygwJU/ uAsmpmudk,fudkvJ

'Dpum;eJUyJ zGifhygw,f/ pmudk,ftwGif;rSmvJ xyfumxyfum ausmhxm;wm
awGU&vdrfhr,f/ b,favmufawmif jyefcsifpdwf? vGrf;wpdwf jyif;xefaeovJ
qdkwmudk tav;teuf azmfusL;jyxm;wmygyJ/
I shall return again igxyfNyD; jyefvmr,fwJU/ again vdkUqdkxm;
wJUtwGuf apmapmuvJ jyefzl;NyDaygh/
I shall return igjyefr,f «'DrSm 0gusrqkH;ao;ygbl;? bmvdkUjyefrSmvJ
qufzwf...»
to laugh and love and watch &,farmrdkU? cspfzdkU? MunfhzdkU
«oabmusNyD; &,fr,f? cspfr,f? NyD;awmh Munfhaer,fwJU? pum;vkH;okH;vkH;udk
a&G;cs,fpDpOfxm;ykH[m rSwfom;avmufp&m jzpfw,f/ bmudk oabmusrSmvJ?
MunfhrSmvJ qufajymygvdrfhr,f»
with wonder eyes wtHUwMo rsufvkH;awGeJU «'DrSm bmomjyefu
rl&if;udk vdkufrrDbl;/ t*Fvdyfpum; wonder u]]tHUMo}}wmtjyif MunfEl;yDwd

jzpf&wmudkyg qdkvdkw,f»
at golden noon a&TrGef;wnfhcsdefrSm «'Dae&mrSm ]]a&T}}u 0g0if;wJUtvif;
a&miftjyif vuf0JokE´&&JU ]]a&TNrdKU}}vdk udk,fcspfcifjrwfEdk;vdkU 0daooejyK

vdkufwJUoabm ygaqmifw,f/»
the forest fires burn awmrD;awG avmifuRrf;aewmudk «txufu
]]MunfhzdkU}}eJUpyf/ awmrD;awG avmifuRrf;wmudk Munfhr,f/ oabmusr,faygh/

'Dae&mrSm awmrD;u tEå&m,fay;wJU rD;tBuD;pm;rsKd;udk qdkvdkwmr[kwfbJ
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wafting their blueblack smoke to sapphire skies
tjymteufrD;cdk;udk eDvmaumif;uifjyifqD aqmifaoG;vsuf «awmrD;wdkU
avmifuRrf;wmudk MunfhzkdUigjyef r,f»
I shall return to loiter by the streams acsmif;wkdUeab; rcGJEdkif
rcGm&uf vrf;ovm;zkdU igjyefr,f/ «0gusrqkH;ao;bl;/ acsmif;zGJU 0daooevmr,f»

That bathe the brown blades of the bending grasses
udkif;nTwfaewJU jrufyifwkdU&JU &GufndKwkdUudk a&yufjzef;ay;wJU «acsmif;rsm;»
And realize once more wpfcgxyfrH taumiftxnfay:apr,f
«bmudkvJ»
my thousand dreams ig&JUtdyfrufwpfaxmifudk «taumiftxnf
ay:apr,f/ bmtdyfrufvJ»
Of waters rushing down the mountain passes
awmifMum;awGuae wpf[kefxdk; ajy;qif;vmMuwJU a&vsOfawGtaMumif; «ig
tdyfrufwpfaxmif rufcJU&wmudk taumiftxnfay:apr,f/ 'Dawmifusacsmif;
awGudk MunfhcsifvGef;vdkU tdyfruf ruf aecJU&wm tBudrfwpfaxmif ruNyD/ ckvdk
jyefa&mufvmrS acsmif;ab; vrf;ovm;&if; tm;&yg;&&Ipm;um tdyfrufudk
taumiftxnfazmf&awmhr,fvdkU qdkvdkw,f»
I shall return to hear em;qifzkdU jyefr,f «bmudkem;qifrSmvJ»
the fiddle and fife of village dances aus;&Gm tuawGeJUwa,moH
yavGoHudk «em;qifzdkU jyefr,f»
dear delicious tunes cspf&wJU t&om&SdvSwJU aw;oGm;awG
That stir the hidden depths of native life wdkif;&if;om;wkdUb0&JU
zkH;uG,f aewJU euf&Idif;rIrsm;udk vIHUaqmfay;wJU «aw;oGm;rsm;/ wdkif;&if;om;

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Stray melodies of dimremembered runes 0dk;w0g;owd&MuwJU
tif;tdkif rEå&m;wkdU&JU [dkwpfp 'Dwpfp aw;oHrsm; «rune qdkwm a&S;a[mif;

puef'DaeAD;,m; t*FvqufqefwkdU&JU tu©&mvdkUvJ t"dyÜm,f&w,f/ tif;csw,f
qdkwJU arSmfuu
G fawG udkvnf; a[mw,f/ a&S;uAsmawGudkvJ qdkvdkw,f/
a&S;uuAsmqdkwm arSmftwwfeJU a&maxG;aewwfwmudk owdjyKygav»
I shall return igjyefr,f
I shall return igjyefOD;r,f
to ease my mind of long, long years of pain &Snfvsm;vSNyDjzpfwJU
ESpfawG&Ju 'ku©a0'emuae ighpdwfudkoufom&m &apzdkU «ig jyefOD;r,f»

uAsmudk wpfyg'rSm tu©&mq,fvkH;? v[k*&k twGJqdkwJU £trÁ*dkPf;
5*dkPf;? yg' 14ck? ucuc*C*Cipipqq um&ef,lum zGJUqdkxm;w,f/
'DvdktzGJUrsKd;udk aqmhEéwfvdkUac:w,f/ tu©&mvkH;a&eJU um&efudkyJ bmomjyefrSm
tokH;jyKxm;w,f/
igjyefr,f
ig aemufwpfacguf jyefOD;r,f/ ig jyefr,f/

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a&TrGef;wnfhcsdef awmrD;wdkU avmifwmudkuG,f
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awmifMum;u wpftm;qif;wJU a&vsOf&JU
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av;awG&ifvJ jzpfr,f/ olUZmwdajrudk o&kyfazmf&mrSm tyDjyifqkH;? txif&Sm;
qkH;vdkU ol,lqwJU &Icif;uav;awG &SdvdkU&ifvJ jzpfr,f/ (1) awmrD;? (2)awmifus
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ukef&if Nidrf;oGm;wwfwJU rD;rsKd;uawmh tEå&m,fr&SdwJUtjyif pdrf;vef;pdkjynf
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bufuae nnta&SU&Srf;awmifawGqD vSrf;Munfh&if 'D awmrD;wkdU&JU tvSudk
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armarmyef;yef;eJU awmifwuf vmoltzdkU pdefvufvuf prf;a&udk jrif&uwnf;u
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aus;vufjynfolwkdU&JU &ifxJu cHpm; csufawG arQmfac:csufawG yDjrnfaew,f/
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aew,fvdkU okawoDrsm; avhvmokH;oyfjyxm;csufawG&Sdaew,f/ 'gaMumifh
aus;vuftueJU aw;oH[m &dk;pif;wmeJUtrQ ESpfvdkzG,faumif;aewmvJ jzpfw,f/
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PRUNING TREES
Trees growing right in front of my window;
The trees are high and the leaves grow thick.
Sad alas! the distant mountain view
Obscured by this, dimly shows between.
One morning I took knife and axe;
With my own hand I lopped the branches off.
Ten thousand leaves fall about my head;
A thousand hills came before my eyes.
Suddeny, as when clouds or mists break
And straight through, the blue sky appears,
Again, like the face of a friend one has loved
Seen at last after an age of parting.
First there came a gentle wind blowing;
One by one the birds flew back to the tree.
To ease my mind I gazed to the SouthEast;
As my eyes wandered, my thoughts went far away.
Of men there is none that has not some preference;
Of things there is none but mixes good with ill.
It was not that I did not love the tender branches;
But better still, to see the green hills!
Po ChuI
Translated by Arthur Waley
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vSwJU tmoma0vD&JU t*Fvdyfbmomjyefuae jrefrmjyef&rSm jzpfygw,f/
tmoma0vD[m rl&if;w&kwftmabmfudk opöm&Sd&Sd o,faqmifay;um t*Fvdyf
pum; acsmacsmarGUarGUeJU wifqufEdkifwJUtwGuf emrnfBuD;wmjzpfygw,f/
bmomjyefenf;awGudk azmfxkwfnTefMum;avh&SdwJU bmomjyefynm&SifvJ jzpfw,f/
acgif;pOfrSmygwJU prune qdkwmopfyifudk? csKHudk vSywifhw,fatmif?

ydkrkd&Sifoef BuD;xGm;atmif tudkif;t&Guf pwmawG vSD;jzwfnSday;wmudk
ajymwmyg/
Trees growing tyifawG aygufaeMuw,f? &SdaeMuw,f/
Right in front of my window ighjywif;aygufa&SU wnfhwnfhrSm (tyif
awGaygufaeMu? &SdaeMuw,f)
The trees are high tyifawGu jrifhw,f/
and the leaves grow thick t&GufawG xlyde;f odyfonf;aew,f/
Sad alas! tvdkav; aMuuGJzG,f
the distant mountain view ta0;u awmifjrifuGif;? ta0;u

awmifwef;udk jrif&wm
Obscured by this 'gaMumifh (tyifawGt&GufawGaMumifh) 0dk;w0g;om
jrif& awmhwJU (awmifjrifuGif;[m)
dimly shows between Mum;rSm rIef0g;0g;jyoaew,f? rIef0g;0g;yJ

jrif&awmh w,f (awmifudk rIef0g;0g;yJ jrif&w,f)
One morning wpfreufawmh
I took knife and axe "m;eJU ykqdefudk igxkwfcJUw,f/
With my own hands ig&JUvufawGeJUyJ
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I lopped the branches off opfudkif;awGudk igcsKdifcsvdkufw,f/

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ten thousand leaves opf&Gufwpfaomif;
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A thousand hills awmifukef;wpfaxmif
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came before my eyes ighrsufpda&SUrSm ay:vmMuawmhw,f/ (awmifawG
udk igjrif&NyD)
Suddenly &kwfw&uf? jAKef;ueJ
as when clouds or mists beak wdrfwkdU ESif;wdkU uGJoGm;MuwJUtcgrSmvd k
And straight through azmufxGif; yGifhvif;um
the blue sky appears aumif;uifjym ay:vmaygh
Again aemufNyD; (xyf Oyrmay;&&if)
like the face of friend rdwfaqGwpfOD;&JU rsufESmvdk (0gusurqkH;ao;)
on has loved rdrdcspfwJU (rdwfaqGwpfOD;)
seen at last after an age of parting wpfacwf (=tMumBuD;) cGJae&
NyD;aemuf aemufqkH;rSm jrifawGU&wJU? (rdrdcspfwJU rdwfaqGwpfOD;&JU rsufESmudk

wpfacwf cGJcGmae&NyD;aemuf aemufqkH;rSm jrifvdkuf&ovdkygyJ)
First yxr
there came a gentle wind blowing nifomwJUav wdkufcwf

vmw,f/
One by one wpfaumifNyD; wpfaumif
the birds flew back to tree iSufawG opfyifqD jyefvnfysHoef;vmMu
awmhw,f
To ease my mind ighpdwf oufomapzdkU pdwfylyifaomu a&mufaewm
rsm;udk ajzazsmufzdkU
I gazed to the SouthEast ta&SUawmifbufqD igai;Munfhrdw,f/
(awmif awGu ajrmufbufrSm &Sdwmjzpfygvdrfhr,f)

As my eyes went far away ightawG;awGvJ ta0;qD
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a&mufoGm;awmhw,f (opfyiftudkif;jzwfwJUudpöeJU rqdkifwmudk awG;aerdw,f)

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there is none wpfa,mufrSr&Sd (b,fvdkvlr&SdwmvJ 0gusurqkH;ao;)

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that has not some preference (wpfckckudk tjcm;wpfckckxuf)
ydkBudKufwm r&SdwJUol (wpfa,mufrS r&Sdbl;)
Of things t&m0w¦Krsm;rSm? t&m0w¦Krsm;teuf
there is none wpfckrSr&Sd? (0gusrqkH;ao;)
But mixes good with ill aumif;wmudk qdk;wmeJU a&maewmuvGJvdkU
(wpfckrSr&Sd)= aumif;wmudk qdk;wmeJU a&mMuwmcsnfh? ra&mwmr&S d
It was not r[kwf&ygbl; (bmr[kwfwmvJ)
that I did not love the tender branches opfudkif;EkEkwkdUudk igrcspf
wm(r[kwf&ygbl;)
But better still 'gayr,fh (ig)ydkrdk (cspfrd)wmu
to see the green hill awmifukef;pdrf;pdrf;awGudk jrifzdkUygyJ/
uAsmq&m&JU tcef;jywif;ayguf a&SUwnfhwnfhrSm opfyifawG &Sdaew,f/

opfudkif;awGuvJ a0pnfygbdoeJU/ 'Dtyif 'Dtudkif;awGaMumifhl ta0;u
awmifwef;udk yDyDoo rjrif&awmhbl;/ 0dk;w0g;yJjrif&w,f/ 'geJUwpfreufawmh
"m;eJUykqdefudk ,lum opfudkif;awG udkckwfcsvdkufawmhw,f/ opfudkif;opf&GufawG
a<uusukefwmeJU twl qDD;ESif;jrLwdrfwdkU uGJoGm;MuwJUtcgrSm aumif;uifjymBuD;udk
&Sif;&Sif;xif;xif; jrif&awmhovdk tckjrif&ygawmhw,f/ ESpf&Snfvrsm;uJGuGmae&wJU
cspfcif&ol rdwfaqGrsufESmudk jrifvdkuf&ovdkygyJ/
opfudkif;awG uG,faewm r&SdawmhNyDrdkU avjynfavnSif;uav; okwfjzL;
vmwm udk yxrqkH; cHpm;vdkuf&w,f/ 'Daemufawmh aus;iSufwdkUvnf; apmapm
u vefUajy;cJU Mu&mu tckopfyifqD jyefvnfysHoef;vmMuygawmhw,f/
opfudkif;awG ckwfcsrdwm rSm;rsm;oGm;yvm;? rSefwmudkyJ vkyfrdwmvm;?
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pdwfxJrSm 'Gd[oHo,awG cHpm;&w,f/ 'geJU pdwfajyvufaysmuf ta&SUawmif

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bufqD ai;Munfh Munfrdw,f/ [dkonfrsufvkH;upm;avQmufMunfh&if; pdwfuvJ

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ydkrBudKufwJUvlr&Sdygbl;/ t&m0w¦K qdk&mrSmvJ aumif;wmeJU qdk;wm'GefwJG
aeMuwmcsnfh/ 'Dawmh opfudkif;awGudk ckwfcsvdkufrdwm[m olwkdUudk rcspfvdkU
r[kwf/ olwkdUxuf cspfjrwfEdk;wJU awmifpdrf;pdrf;awGudk jrif&a&;twGuf ckwfvdkuf
&wmyguvm;vdkU ajzomoGm;awmhw,fwJU/
'g uAsm&JU qdkvdk&if;ygyJ/ rl&if; t*FvdyfuAsmudk zGJUpnf;xm;ykHu
um&efryg/ wpfyg'rSm tu©&m 10vkH; 9vkH;? *&koHudk wpfyg'rSm av;oHEIef;?
rMwmpepf rokH;bJ zGJUxm;wmyg/ uRefawmfwkdU jrefrmuAsm jyK&mrSmawmh vkH;a&eJU
*&koHwdkUudk tvsOf;oifh ovdkyJ ,lNyD;a&;csoGm;ygr,f/
opfudkif;jzwfnSdkjcif;
igh jywif;ayguf a&SUwnfhwnfhrSm opfyifawG?

tyifawG jrifhrm;? t&GufawG xlxJ?
tvdk? rIef0g;oGm;&wJU ta0;u awmif
0dk;w0g;om Mum;rSm &Ijrifom&JU/
wpfreuf igh "m;eJU ykqdef xkwfcJUw,f?
ighvufawGeJU tudkif;awGudk csKdifcsvdkufw,f/
opf&Gufwpfaomif; igh acgif;wpf0dkufa<uus
awmifwpfaxmif igha&SUrSm ay:vmaygh/
jAKef;qdk? wdrfawG ESif;awG uGJwJUtcgES,f
azmufxGif; yDjyif rdk;jym ay:vmawmhw,f/
wpfacwf cGJcJU&NyD;wJU aemufqkH; jrifvdkuf&wJU
cspfcif&ol oli,fcsif;&JU rsufESmES,fy/
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vlawGrSm wpfckudkydkBudKufwm r&Sdol r&Sdbl;/
t&mwdkUrSm taumif;-tqdk; ra&mwm r&Sdbl;/
opfudkif;EkEkwdkUudk ig rcspfvkdU r[kwfyg/
'gayr,fh ydkcspfrdwmu- awmifpdrf;pdrf;awG &IzdkU/
ydkufcsLtD
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210
AUTUMN GROVE AFTER RAIN, BY WEN TIEN
Adrift in space,
The mountain's bare outline,
And a lower mountain's
Rocky waterfall a white
Cleft on white mist
With here a few
Slopes of pines,
And there a fall
Of mossy stones
That tumble soundlessly
Into a whiteness
That is either lake
Or sea or mist,
Or nothing
On which a grove of trees
Floats away on flat rocks,
With a thatched summerhouse
And a tiny man
Fishing
From only
Half a bridge.
James Kirkup
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awmifcdk;ESifhwdrf
t*FvdyfuAsmq&mBuD; *sdrf;Zf um;uyf pydefjynfrSm tvnftywf

a&mufaepOf rdwfaqGwpfOD;u w&kwfyef;csDpmtkyfwpftkyf vufaqmifay;cJUyg
owJU/
yef;csDum;awGudkMunfhNyD; uAsmpsmef0ifvmordkU um;uyf uAsmawG a&;cs
vdkufw,f/ uAsmpkudk ]w&kwfjynfu yef;csDum; ckESpfum;}vdkU trnfay;w,f/
1958 'DZifbmvxJrSm a&;cJUwmyg/ uAsmq&mudk,fwdkifajymjywmuawmh
'DuAsmawG[m
w&kwf&IarQmfcif;yef;csDu xl;jcm;vSwJU a0;eD;edrfhjrifhoabmudk o,faqmif
ay;zdkU BudK;pm;xm;wm jzpfw,f/
{&mrtjrifheJU ta0;wkdU&JUoabm/ awmawGvGifjyifBuD;awG&JU BuD;rm;
us,fjyefUrI xJrSm vleJU olUvuf&m[m ao;i,foGm;&wJUtaMumif;ygyJ
vdkUjzpfw,f/
tckwifqufvdkufwJU uAsm[m tJ'DuAsmckESpfyk'fxJu eHygwf 7
jzpfygw,f/ uAsm&JU acgif;pOfu Autumn Grove After Rain, by Wen Tien
qdkawmh jrefrmvdk ]0efwdef a&;qGJwJU rdk;&GmNyD;aemuf o&'NrdKif} vdkU jyefqdk&
ayvdrfhr,f/ zwfMunfh Mu&atmif/
Adrift in space tmumoxJrSm ([if;vif;jyifBuD;xJrSm) vGifharsmvsuf
The mountain's bare outline awmif&JU AvmaumufaMumif; (yef;csD
q&m[m wpfpkHwpf&mudk qGJawmhr,fqdk&if yxr aumufaMumif;ykHudk rD;aoG;eJU

jcpfqGJyg w,f/ NyD;rS tqmyvmawGxnfhygw,f/ tJovdk trGrf;trHawG bmrS
xnfhrxm;ao;wJU awmifykH aumufaMumif;)
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And a lower mountain'/Rocky waterfall NyD;awmh (ckeu

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awmifxuf) edrfhwJU awmifwpfawmif&JU ausmufom; a&wHcGef/ 'Dausmufom;

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A White/Cleft on white mist jzLjzLazG;azG; ESif;ay:u jzLjzLazG;azG;
tufaMumif;wpfckyg/
With here a few/Slopes of pines 'DrSm xif;&SL; qifajcavQm
tcsKdU(xif;&SL;yif awG aygufaewJU awmifapmif;qifajcavQmrsm;vdkUqdkvdkw,f)
And there a fall of mossy stones [dkrSm a&nSdwufaewJU

ausmufwkH;awG&JU a&wHcGefwpfck ('gvnf; wu,fha&wHcGefudkajymwm r[kwfbl;/
ckeu ]ausmufom;a&wHcGef} vdk ausmufwkH;awGuae a&wHcGefES,fjzpfaewmudk
ajymwm)
That tumble soundlessly (tJ'DausmufwkH;a&wHcGef[m) toHrjrnfbJ
NydKvJ qif;oGm;w,f/ b,fudkvJ

Into a whiteness jzLqGwfrIwpfckqDodkU (NydKvJqif;oGm;awmhw,f)/
0gusu rqkH;ao;bl;/ b,fvdkjzLqGwfrIvJ
That is either lake (tJ'DjzLqGwft&m[m)uef&ifvJ jzpfr,f/
Or sea yifv,f&ifvJjzpfr,f
Or mist ESif;jrL&ifvJ jzpfr,f
Or nothing bmrS r[kwfwm&ifvJ jzpfr,f/ 'DaemufqkH;ajcmufyg'udk
olUt*Fvdyf0guszGJUxkH;twdkif; jyefqdk&&if ][dr

kd Sm ausmufwkH;a&wHcGefwpfck[m
uef&ifvJ jzpfEdkif? yifv,fvJjzpfEdkif? ESif;jrLvJjzpfEdkif? bmrSr[kwfwmvJjzpfEdkifwJU
jzLqGwfqGwft&m wpfckqD toHrJUrJUeJU? NydKqif;oGm;awmhw,f}vdkUqdk&r,f/
On which tJ'Day:rSm
a grove of trees opfyifpkwpfck (NrdKif)[m
Floats away on flat rocks ausmufaqmifjym;jy m;awGay:rSm arsmygoGm;
w,f
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With a thatched summerhouse oufi,frdk; aEG&moD (aep&m)

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And a tiny man NyD; vlao;ao;av;wpfa,muf

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Fishing ig;rQm;aew,f
From only/Half a bridge wHwm;wpf0ufqDuae (ig;rQm;aew,f)
olU0guszJGUxkH;t&uawmh ]wHwm;wpf0ufqDu ig;rQm;aewJUvlao;ao;av;

wpfa,muf}&,fvdkU jzpfw,f/
uAsmuawmh 'gygyJ/
uAsmq&m *sdrf;Zf um;uyf[m w&kwf &IarQmfcif; yef;csDum;wpfum;udk

MunfhNyD; 'DuAsmudk a&;aewm jzpfw,fqdkwmudk owd&ygav/
yef;csDum;udk MunfhvdkufwJUtcg olyxrqkH; owdjyKrdwmuawmh
awmifBuD;wpfawmif&JU aumufaMumif;ykHygyJ/
bmrGrf;rHjc,fvS,frIrS rygwJU aumufaMumif;oufouf/ 'Dawmif
aumufaMumif; [m tmumoxJrSm vGifharsmae[ef xif&w,f/
'DaemufrSmawmh 'kwd,awmif wpfawmif/ yxrawmifxuf edrfhw,f/ 'D
'kwd, awmifrSm txufatmuf wef;aewJU tjzLpif;wpfckawGU&w,f/
a&wHcGefvdkvdkyJ/ a&wHcGefawmh r[kwfbl;/ ausmufaqmif ausmufom;yJ
qdkwm odomw,f/
awmifeH&Hu tufaMumif;BuD;wpfck jzpfrSmyJ/ 'DjzLjzLtufaMumif;[m
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'Daemuf yef;csDum;udk tao;pdwf qufNyD; MunfhjyefwJUtcg [dkae&mrSm
opfyif pdrf;pdrf;eJU awmifqifajcavQm wpfck/
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tyifawGu xif&Sl;yifawG/
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NydKqif;NyD; tjzLa&mifwpfckqD a&mufoGm;Mu[ef awGUjrif&w,f/
tJ'D jzLjzLt&m0w¦Kuawmh uefvJ jzpfEdkif&JU/ jrLESif;vJ jzpfEdkif&JU/
yifv,fvJ jzpfEdkif&JU/ bmrS r[kwfwmvJ jzpfEdkifwmygyJ/
tJ'D uefvm;? yifv,fvm;? jrLESif;vm; bmrSef;rod&wJU [may:rSmrS
ausmufcsyf jym;awG &SdaeMuum tJ'Day:rSm wpfzefopfyiftkyfawG vGifharsmae
ovdk a&;xm;w,f/
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wpfck/
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yef;csD&Icif; udk jrifa,mifvmrdMuw,f/
txufem;u uAsmq&mudk,fwdkifu &Sif;jyxm;wJUtwdkif; olUuAsm&JU
vkyfief;u ESpfydkif;jzpfw,f/
yxrwpfydkif;u w&kwfyef;csDrSm azmfjyxm;wJU eD;a0;edrfhjrifhoabmukd
xyfqifh azmfjyygw,f/
awmifBuD;[m tmumoxJ vGifharsmae[ef? tjcm;awmif? awmif
qifajcavQm? awmifcsKdifhvQKdajrmifwkdUta0;rSm wu,fvdkvdk jrLESif;vdkvdk [dkvdkvdk
'Dvdkvdk xifrSwfrSm; &[efwkdUudk pum;vkH; yef;csDqGJjyxm;vdkufykHudk wu,fudk
uRefawmfwkdUrSm eD;a0;edrfhjrifh oabmudk aMumufcref;vdvd cHpm;vm&apw,f/
('guawmh ykyÜm;awmifvdkawmifjrifh jrifhBuD;awG wufzl;olwdkUrS pmemcHpm;
wwfEdkifrSm jzpfayw,f/)
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awmifjrifhBuD;? NyD;awmh awmiftvwfpm;? NyD;awmh awmifqifavQm?
NyD;awmh awmiftvwfpm;? NyD;awmh ausmufwkH;a&wHcGefwkdUuae awmifatmuf
ajc? tJ'DrSmrS wJuav;eJU vlao;ao;uav;/
yef;csDum;xJrSm vl&JUao;i,fykHudk ay:vGifatmif jyxm;w,f/
'gudkyJ uAsmq&muvJ pum;vkH;eJU xyfqifhazmfjyum olUuAsm&JU
ed*kH;csKyfydkif;rSm xnfhvdkufw,f/
uRefawmfwdkU uAsmzwfolrsm;&JU &ifxJrSm vl&JU ao;i,fykH? ork'´&m
urf;ajcu oJwpfyGifhomjzpfykH tawG;av;[m usef&pfygawmhw,f/
uAsmvdk jrefrmvdk csa&;MunfhMupdkU/
rdk;aemuf o&'NrdKif
tmumoxJ arsmvsuf?
awmif&JU AvmaumufaMumif;
cyfedrfhedrfh awmif&JU
ausmufa&wHcGef.... jzLazG;
ESif;ay:u jzLazG; tufaMumif;....
'DrSm xif;&sL;yifawGeJU awmif

qifajcavQm tcsKdU?
[dkrSm a&nSdwuf ausmufwkH;
a&wHcGef wpfck
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'Dtay:rSm opfyiftkyf wpftkyf

ausmufaqmif jym;jym;awGay: arsmoGm;?
oufi,frdk; aEG&moDwJ wpfwJ?
vlao;ao;av; wpfa,muf
ig;rQm;ae
wHwm; wpf0uf
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*sdrf;Zf umhuyf
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217
DAYBREAK
Birds drip from the trees.
The moon's little goal
over there on the hill;
dawn, as blue as her milk,
fills the sky's tin pail.
The air's so cold a gas station
glitters in an icecube.
The freeway hums like a pipe
when the water's on.
Streetlights turn off their dew.
The sun climbs down from a roof,
stops by a house and strikes
its long match on a wall,
takes out a ring of brass keys
and opens every door.
Bert Meyers
rdk;aomuf t&kPfusif;csdef
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jzpfw,f)
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b,frSmrqdkjcpfvdkU&w,f/ tckaeu eH&Hay: rD;jcpfqH&Snfudk jcpfvdkufw,fqdkwm
tdrfeH&Hay: aea&mifjzmcvmwmudk a&;zGJUwm jzpfw,f)
takes out a ring of brass keys aMu;0gaomh wpfwGJudk

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ukef;ay:u qdwf? t&kPfudkqdwfEdkU&nf? aumif;uifudk EdkU&nfxnfhwJU
oHjzLykH;&,fvdkU zGJUvdkufw,f/
at;wmuawmh at;wkef;yJ/ ESif;zwfawGuvJuswkef;/ 'gaMumifh
"mwfqDqdkif uav;udk ESif;zwfjzLjzLazG;azG; vTrf;aewmu a&cJwkH;uav;eJU
wlao;awmhw,f/ "mwfqDqdkifrSm xGef;xm;wJU tvif;ua&cJwkH;xJuae
vif;wvufvuf jzpfaew,f/ "mwfqDqi
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vdkwJUtcg qDjznfhEdkifatmif vrf;rBuD;wpfavQmuf aqmufxm;wJU qdkifuav;awG
xJu wpfqdkifygyJ/ t&kPfusif;vmNyDqdkawmh vrf;rBuD;vJ um;awG wpfpD;NyD;
wpfpD;pwifajy;vmMuNyDrdkU touf0ifvIyf&Sm;vmygawmhw,f/ aeUv,f aeUcif;
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a&wifwJUtcg a&ydkufrsm;vIyf&GvmNyD; wpDDpDjrnfp jyKvmwmeJU EIdif;xm;ygw,f/
nwkef;uawmh vrf;rD;wdkifawGrSmvJ ESif;zwfawG oJoJrJrJusordkU
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qD;ESif;puftqifhyJ &Sdawmhw,f/ 'gav;awGudkyJ rD;wdkifwkdUu cvkwfydwf ypfvdkuf
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THE PEBBLE
The pebble
is a perfect creature
equal to itself
mindful of its limits
filled exactly
with a pebbly meaning
with a secret which does not remind one of anything
does not frighten anything away does not arouse desire
its ardour and coldness
are just and full of dignity
I feel a heavy remorse
when I hold it in my hand
and its noble body
is permeated by false warmth
Pebbles cannot be tamed
in the end they will look at us
with a calm and very clear eye
Zbigniew Herbert
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tokH;jyKMuvdrfhr,f/ iSufypf&mrSm tokH;jyKMur,f/ vlBuD;wcsKdUvJ yef;tdk;xJ
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udkifMunfhNyD; wav;wpm; avhvm okH;oyfqifjcifMunfhMuvdrfhr,f r[kwfacsbl;/
uAsmq&m ZApf*nL; [m;Awf(ydkvefjynf)uawmh ausmufp&pfcJuav;
wpfcJudk udkifMunfhNyD; okH;oyfqifjcif Munfhzl;ygw,f/ tJovdk ausmufp&pfcJ
uav;eJU awGUBuKHrd&mu olqifjcifrd? aumufcsufcsrdwmudkvJ uAsmwpfyk'f
a&;zGJUvdkufygw,f/ olqifjcifovdk aumufcsufcsrdovdk qifjcifrdygap/ MunfhMu
&atmif/ t*Fvdyfbmomjyefudk zwfMunfhMu r,f/
The pebble is a perfect creature ausmufp&pfcJ[m NyD;jynfhpkHwJU
zefqif;csuf (vuf&m) wpfckygyJ/ pMu0VmteEårSm &Sd&SdorQt&mwdkU[m c&pf,mef

t,lt& xm0&bk&m;ocif&JU zefqif;csuf? odyÜHorm;wdkUtzdkU obm0w&m;&JU
zefqif;csuf csnfhygyJ/ zefqif;csufqdk&mrSm ouf&Sda&m? oufrJUa&m yg0ifw,f/
equal to itself oludk,fwdkifeJUyJ nDrQw,f/ ol[m b,foleJUrSrwlbl;/
oleJU wlwm olyJ&Sdw,f/

mindful of its limits olU&JUuefUowfcsufrsm;udk owd&Sdw,f/
t&m&mwdkif;rSm udk,fpGrf;Edkifwm? rpGrf;Edkifwm&,fvdkU &Sdwmcsnf;yJ/ 'gudk
uefUowfcsufvdkU ac:ygw,f/ udk,fhuefUowfcsufudk udk,fodem;vnf&w,f/ 'gudk
ausmufp&pfcJu odygowJU/
filled exactly with a pebbly meaning olUrSm ausmufp&pfcJt"dyÜm,f
twdtus jynfhaeygowJU/ t&m&mwdkif;rSm t"dyÜm,fudk,fpD &SdMuw,f/ vlrSm

vlUt"dyÜm,f ausmufp&pfcJrmS ausmufp&pfcJ t"dyÜm,f/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh ta&;
ygrI? b0 &nf&G,fcsuf pojzifh ajymEdkifygao;w,f/
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with a secret which does not remind one of anything

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does not arouse desire vdkcsifavmbudk vIHUaqmfay;rSm r[kwfwJU
(vQKdU0Sufcsuf&Sdw,f)? pdefwkdU ywåjrm;wdkUrSm avmbudk vIHUaqmfEdkifpGrf;&Sdw,f/

ausmufp&pfcJrSm tJovdk vIHUaqmfEdkifpGrf;r&Sdbl;/
its ardour and coldness olU&JUxufoefrI? at;pufrIwdkU[m
(ausmufp&pfcJ rSmvJ wpfckck aqmif&GufvdkwJU pdwftm;xufoefrI&SdwmygyJ?
vkyfray;csifwJU at;pufrIvJ &SdwmygyJ/)
are just and full of dignity w&m;rQww,f? *kPo

f du©mjynfh0w,f/
(ausmufp&pfcJ&JU xufoefrI? at;pufrIwdkU[m w&m;w,f? *kPfodu©m
jynfh0w,f/)
I feel a heavy remorse ig av;vHwJU aemifwudk cHpm;&w,f?

tvGeftrif; aemifw ylyefrdw,f/ (b,ftcgrSmvJ? 0gusrqkH;ao;? qufzwf)
when I hold it in my hand olUudk ighvufxJ udkifxm;rdwJU tcg
(ausmufp&pf cJav;udk udkifxm;&if; ighrSmaemifwylyefjcif; jzpfrdw,f/)
and its noble body olU&JU jrifhjrwfwJU udk,fum,[m
is permeated by false warmth rrSefuefwJU taEG;"mwf

vTrf;oGm;awmhw,f/ (vlom;uAsmq&mu ausmufp&pfcJav;udk udkifxm;ordkU
vlUudk,faiGU taEG;"mwf[m ausmufp&pfcJudk vTrf;oGm;w,f/ ausmufp&pfcJ&JU
e*dkrlvu tat;yg/ vluudkifxm;vdkU cPaEG;oGm;wmjzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh
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[efaqmifwwfw,f/ 'gaMumifhvJ vlUqDu&wJU taEG;udk ]rrSefuef wJU
taEG;}vdkU zGJUwmvdkU rSwf,lEdkifw,f/)
Pebbles cannot be tamed ausmufp&pfcJrsm;udk ,Ofaus;atmif

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with a calm and very clear eye NidrfqdwfwJU tvGefMunfvif
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wpfaeUwdkif usKyfwdkUudk NidrfqdwfwJU? tvGefMunfvifwJU rsufvkH;eJU
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ouf&SdoufrJU b,ft&mrqdk vSygw,f/ pdefwkdU? ywåjrm;wdkU vSovdk
ausmufp&pfcJav;vJ vSayom;yJvdkU a&;csifvJa&;vdrfhr,f/ cyfayghaygh tay:,Hu
&SyfNyD;awG;r,f? Mum;zl;em;0uav;awGudkl oHa,mifvdkufum a&;csvdkufr,f?
'gyJaygh/ 'grsKd;udk wdrfw,f/ euf&Idif;rI ( depth) r&Sdbl;vdkU qdk&wmygyJ/

av;av;eufeufqifjcif awG;awmw,f? euf&Idif;rI&Sdw,fqdkwm tck 'DuAsmrSm
ZApf*nL;[m;Awf awG;jyxm;wmrsKd;jzpfw,f/ olrsm;awG awG;NyD;om;tawG;awG?
zefw&mawaeNyDjzpfwJU 'óeawG wpfckrS rygbl;/ opfopfvGifvGif tawG;?
eufeuf &Idif;&Idif;qifjcifrIudk vG,fuloefUpifwJU pum;vkH;eJU azmfusL;xm;wmudk
awGU&vdrfhr,f/
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ausmufp&pfcJav;[m NyD;jynfhpkHwJU zefqif;csufuav;jzpfw,f/ oleJUwlwm
olyJ&Sdw,f/ olUrSm pGrf;Edkifwm rpGrf;Edkifwm&Sdw,f/ olUuefUowfcsufudk olowd
&Sdw,f/ olUrSm ausmuf p&pfcJtESpfom&? ausmufp&pfcJt"dyÜm,fyJ twdtus
&Sdw,f/ tydktvdkr&Sdbl;/ olUudk MunfhNyD; pdefwdkU? ywåjrm;wdkU pwJU b,ft&meJUrS
,SOfp&mrvdkbl;/ b,ft&mudkrS owd&p&m r&Sdbl;/ ol[m b,folUudkrS
aMumufvefUxGufajy;aprSm r[kwfovdk b,folU udkrSvJ vdkcsifwyfrufpdwf
om
jzpfay:vmatmif qGJaqmifEdkifvdrfhr,f r[kwfacsbll;/ olU&JU pdwftm;xufoefrI?

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olU&JU at;pufrIwdkU[m w&m;enf;vrf;usw,f? *kPo

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vufu taEG;"mwf[m ausmufp&pfcJuav;udk vTrf;xkH&pfywfoGm;w,f/ 'DtaEG;
[mwu,fh taEG;r[kwf? acwåcPtaEG;? rrSefuefwJU taEG;rQyguvm;/
ausmufp&pfcJuav;&JU jrifhjrwfwJU udk,fum,udk olU&JU azmufjyefwJU taEG;u
&pfywfaewmygvm;/ 'gudk0rf; enf;rd? aemifw&rdwmvJ jzpfEdkifw,f/ NyD;awmh
aumufcsufcsvdkufw,f/ ausmufp&pf cJrsm;[m tjcm;wd&dpämefrsm;? oufrJUt&m
rsm;udkvl u,Ofaus;atmif jyKjyifovdk jyKjyif vdkUr&yguvm;/ olwdkU[m
tqkH;wpfaeUtxd cyfwnfwnfat;at;wnfNidrf? &Sif;vif; jywfom;wJU
tMunfheJU igwkdUvlawGudk qufvufMunfhaeMuawmhrSmyJwJU/
rl&if;uAsmudk um&efryg? rMwmrokH;? vGwfvyfuAsmeJU a&;zGJUxm;wm
jzpfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh pum;vkH;awGudk wdkwefwmwdk? &Snfwefwm &Snfapum
yg'cGJxm;wJUtwGuf tav;teuf qifjcifawG;awm[ef jznf;aES;wJU &pforfudk
jzpfay:apw,f/ olUtwdkif; wwfEdkiforQ jzpfatmif jrefrmvdk BudK;pm;MunfhMur,f/
ausmufp&pfcJ
ausmufp&pfcJ[m
jynfhpkHwJU zefwD;csuf
oleJU olyJ nDwlw,f
rdrd uefUowfcsufudk odw,f
ausmufp&pfcJ t"dyÜm,f
twdtus jynfhaew,f
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olUxufoefrI at;pufrI
w&m;w,f *kPfodu©m&Sdw,f
olUudk igh vufxJ wif&if;

aemifwav;vH ig cHpm;rd
olUjrifhjrwfwJU udk,frSm
azmufjyef taEG;"mwf ysHUoGm;
ausmufp&pfcJrsm;udk ,Ofatmif rvkyfEdkif

tqkH;wdkif igwkdUudk MunfhoGm;vdrfh
Nidrfqdwf tvGefMunfwJU rsufvkH;eJU
ZApf*nL; [m;Awf
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230
THE WINDS
Flowing edge to edge
their clear edges meeting
the winds of this northern March
blow the bark from the trees
the soil from the field
the hair from the heads of
girls, the shirts from the backs
of the men, roofs from the
houses, the cross from the
church, clouds from the sky
the fur from the faces of
wild animals, crusts
from scabby eyes, scales from
the mind and husbands from wives.
Wiliam Carlos Williams
avrsm;
wu,fuawmh 'DuAsm[m 0guswpfaMumif;wnf;eJU oDzGJUxm;wmjzpfw,f/

uwåm;u the winds? Bud,mu blow. 'gygyJ/ avuwdkufvTifhypfw,faygh/ tJ-
avu wdkufvTifhypfvdkufwJU ypönf;awG (o'´gt& uHyk'fawG) trsm;BuD;
wef;pDjyxm;vdkU 0gust&SnfBuD; jzpfaewmyg/ 'gudkyxrqkH; em;vnfxm;vQif
olUt"dyÜm,fudk em;vnfzdkU vG,fNyD/ tck wpfyg'csif; MunfhMu&atmif/
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flowing edge to edge tpGef;(wpfck)uae tpGef;(wpfck)pD;qif;vsufwJU-

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their clear edges meeting olwkdU&JU &Sif;vif;wJU tpGef;awG

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bmawG&JU tpGef;awGvJ/ 'gudk odzdkUtwGuf wwd,yg'udk qufzwf&
vdrfhr,f/
the winds of this northern March 'Dajrmufydkif; rwfv&JUavrsm;
....wJU/
'DawmhtpGef;wpfcku tpGef;wpfckqD pD;qif;aeMuw,f/ tpGef;csif;
qkHMuw,fqdkwm avudkajymaewmvdkU em;vnfMu&w,f/ avrSm tpGef;&Sdw,f
qdkawmh qef;oGm;rSm aygh/ avqdkwmrjrif&ayr,fh &kyfj'yfawmh&Sdw,f r[kwfvm;/
&kyfj'yfqdkvQif tpGef;vJ&Sd& rSmy/ udk,fhudk avvmNyD; xdcyfw,fqdkwm av&JU
tpGef;uxdcyfwmyg/ a&pD;qif;ovdk tmumoxJrSm avtpdkiftcJawG pD;qif;
aewmudk jrifa,mifMunfhEdkifygvdrfhr,f/ avpdkifwpfck&JU tpGef;&JUaemuf avpdkif
wpfck&JU tpGef;wdkUxdrdMuwmudkvJ jrifa,mifygvdrfh r,f/
blow the bark from the trees tyifawGqDu tacgufudk wdkufcwfypf
w,f? tyifawGuae tacguf uGmusatmif wdkufvTifhypfw,fwJU/ wdkufvTifhypf

wm av qdkwmudkawmh txufrSm axmufjycJUNyD/
the soil from the field v,fuGif;qDu ajrBuD;udk....wJU/

'DupNyD;yk'fpkwdkif;rSm ]wdkufvTifhypfw,f}qdkwJU Bud,mudk xnfhNyD; zwfyg/
v,fuGif;qDu ajrBuD;udk wdkufypf w,faygh/
the hair from the heads of girls aumifrav;awG&JU acgif;uae
qHyifudk (vGifhoGm;atmif)wdkufypfw,fwJU..../
the shirts from the backs of the men a,mufsm;awG&JU ausmay:
uae &SyftusøawGudk (wdkufvTifhypfw,f)wJU/
roofs from the houses tdrfawGuae acgif;rdk;awGudk (wdkufvTifhypf
w,f)wJU/
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the cross from the church bk&m;&Sdckd;ausmif;uae vuf0g;uyfwdkifudk

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(wdkufvTifhypfw,f)wJU.../
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clouds from the sky aumif;uifuae wdrfawGudk (wdkufvGifhypf
w,f)wJU/
the fur from the faces of wild animals awm&dkif;wd&pämefawG&JU
rsufESmu tarT;awGudk (wdkufvTifhypfw,f)wJU/ 'Dae&mrSm awm&dkif;wd&pämefawG&JU

udk,fay:uvdkU rajymbJ rsufESmuvdkU ajymwmudk owdjyKygav/ avwdkufvQif
wd&pämefu rsufESmeJU &ifqdkif&rSmudk;/ rsufESmu tarG;awGyJ uRwfxGufrSmaygh/
uAsmq&m&JU tao;pdwfxd wdusykHudk jyaew,f/
crusts from scabby eyes taz;wufrsufvkH;u temaz;awGudk

(wdkufvGifh ypfw,f)wJU/
scales from the mind pdwfuae temaz;zwfawGudk (wdkufvGifhypf
w,f)wJU/
'DrSmav;eufvmygNyD/ rsufpdtem;u temaz;awGudk avuwdkufvGifhypfwm
&Sif;w,f? &dk;&dk;avyJ/ 'geJUqufvsuf ]]pdwfu temaz;awGudk}}vdkU qdkvdkufawmh
uRefawmf wdkU pOfpm;&NyD/ rsufpdemawmh rsufacs;awG yGpdwufvmovdk pdwfrSmvJ
tema&m*g&aeNyD rdkU temaz;awG wufaeyguvm;vdkU odvm&w,f/
'DrSm t*Fvdyfpum;rSm tD'D,rf tokH;&Sdwmu ]]olUrsufvkH;u taz;awG
uGmusNyD}} qdkwm oltrSefudk jrifwwfvmNyDvdkU qdkvdkw,f/ ]]olUrsufvkH;u
taz;awG z,f&Sm;w,f}} qdkwmuvnf; olUudk tjrifrSef&vmapw,fvdkU
t"dyÜm,f&w,f/ 'gaMumifh rsufvkH;u temaz;awGudk uGmusatmif wdkufcwfwJU
av[m &dk;&dk;avrS [kwfuJUvm;vdkU qifjcifvm&w,f/ tajctaerSefudk oabm
aygufvmapatmif vIyf&Sm;wuf<uvmwJU tjzpf tysuftaMumif;tcsufwpfckck
jzpfrSmyJvdkU awG;rdvm&w,f/ qufzwfvdkufawmhvJ....
and husbands from wives r,m;awGqDu vifawGudk
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(wdkufvGifhypfw,f)wJU/ vifr,m; uGJukefMu&NyDaygh/ txufyg'u qdkcJUwmawGeJU

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qufpyfvdkufvQif tjzpftysuf wpfck? tajctaewpf&yf ay:aygufvmw,f/

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tJovdkjzpfvmvdkU rsufvkH;utemaz;awG? pdwfutemaz;awG uGmusukefw,f?

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'DtajctaersKd;rSm 'DvifeJU 'Dvifr,m; qufaygif;vdkUr&awmh NyDqdkwm od&vdkU
wrifoufouf uGJMuovm;/ rvJTomra&Smifom uGJMu&ovm;qdkwm awmh
twdtusrod&bl;/
uAsmwpfyk'fvkH;udk NcKHMunhfvdkufawmh avtjyif;txef wdkufcwfaew,f/
avaMumifh opfyifu opfacgufuGm? v,fuGif;xJu ajrawG vGifhpOf?
aumifrav;awG acgif;uqHyifvGifh? a,mufsm;awGausmu tusøawG uRwf?
tdrfu acgif;rdk;jyKwfxGuf? bk&m;ausmif;u vuf0g;uyfwdkifjyKwf? rdk;ay:u
wdrfawGvGifh? awmaumifrsufESmu tarG;uRwf? rsufpdu temaz;awGvGifh?
pdwfu temzwfawG vGifhuGm? r,m;qDu vif vGifhpOf jzpfukefMu&w,fwJU/
awmaumifrsufESmu tarG;uRwfwJUtxd qdkvQifawmh av&dk;&d;yJvdkU qdkEdkifw,f/
aemufqkH;em;rSm qdkxm;wmav;awGaMumifh omrefav r[kwf bl;vdkU
odMu&w,f/ 'gjzifh bmvJ/ tajctaewpf&yf/ tjzpftysuf wpfckvdkUqdkcJUygNyD/
b,fvdktajctaevJ? b,fvdktjzpftysufvJqdkwmuawmh udk,foef&moef&m
jznfhpGuf pOf;pm;MunfhMuygukef? uAsmzwf&wJU t&omqdkwm tJovdk
awG;uGufuav;awG ay;xm;wJUtwGuf wNrKHUNrKUH awG;&awm&jcif;?
pdwftvkyfvkyf&jcif;vJ taMumif; wpfaMumif;yg0ifygaMumif;/
avawG
wpfpGef;uae wpfpGef; pD;qif;

jywfom; tpGef;awG qkHawGU-
'Dajrmufydkif; rwfv&JU avawG-
wdkufypfaygh tyifawGuae tacgufawG
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aumifrav;awG&JU acgif;uae
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qHyif? a,mufsm;awG&JU ausmuae

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trdk;wG? bk&m;ausmif;uae
vuf0g;uyfwdkif? aumif;uifuae wdrfawG
awm&dkif;wd&pämefrsm;&JU rsufESmrsm;uae
tarG;? taz;wuf
rsufvkH;rsm;uae taz;awG? pdwfuae
temaz;awG ZeD;onfawGqDuae vifawGudk/
0DvsH um;avmhpf 0DvsHZf
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TO SOME BUILDERS OF CITIES
You have thrust Nature out, to make
A wilderness were nothing grows
But forests of unbudding stone
(The sparrow's lonely for his boughs);
You fling up citadels to stay
The soft invasion of the rose.
But though you put the Earth in thrall
And ransack all her fragrant dowers,
Her old accomplice, Heaven, will plot
To take with stars your roofs and towerls;
And neither stone nor steel can foil
That ambuscade of midnight flowers.
Stanley Snaith
NrdKUwnfaqmufoltcsKdUodkU
uAsmacgif;pOfu ]]to Some Builders of Cities}} NrdKUwnfaqmufol
tcsKdUodUk -wJU/
uAsmudk a&S;&dk;rMwmpepft& zGJUpnf;xm;w,f/ wpfyg'rSm tu©&m&SpfvkH;?
ESpfvkH; £,rÁwpf*dkPf;qdkawmh wpfyg'rSm av;*dkPf;aygh/ (v=v[k? *=*&k)
You have/thrust Na/ture out/to make
v * v * v * v *
'gayr,fh 'kwd,tydk'fudkMunfhvQif 'kwd,? wwd,eJU pwkw¦yg'wkdUrSm
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tu©&m 9vkH;pD ygaewmudk awGU&r,f/ *dkPf;uawmh wpfyg'rSm av;*dkPf;ygyJ/

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And ran/sack all/her frag/rant flow/ers
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Her old/accom/plice Hea/ven will/plot
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To take/with stars/your roofs/and tow/ers
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wpfydk'frSm yg'ajcmufckygw,f/ 'kwd,? pwkw¦? qXryg'rsm;
um&ef,lxm;w,f/ oauFweJU jy&vQif abcbdb aygh/ uAsmzGJUpnf;ykHua&S;&dk;
rMwmpepf jzpfwJUtjyif pum;vkH;tokH;tEIef;udku ayg&mPawG (citadels,

thrall, dowers ambuscade) jzpfaew,f/ acwfopfrSma&;wm jzpfvsufeJU
bmaMumifh a&S;&dk;ykHpHeJU pum;udk okH;&ovJ/ uAsmudk zwfMunfhvdkufvQif

olajymaewmu acwfopf&JU aqmufvkyfa&;udk rESpfNrdKUwm jzpfaMumif; awGU&vdrfh
r,f/ 'DawmhtaMumif;t&meJU vdkufavsmnDaxGatmif pm[efudk wrifa&S;qefxm;
w,fvdkUqdk&r,f/
uJ-olUuAsmpmom;udk zwfMu&atmif/
You have thrust Nature out cifAsm;wkdU[m obm0w&m; (a&ajr
awmawmif)udk wGef;xkwfcJUNyD-wJU/ acgif;pOfu ]NrdKUwnfaqmufolrsm;okdU} vdkU
wyfxm; avawmh You ]cifAsm;wdkU} qdkwmacwfopfNrdKUjy wnfaxmifolrsm;udk

ajymwmvdkU em;vnfEdkifw,f/
to make a wilderness where nothing grows bmrSraygufa&mufwJU
uEåm&awmBuD;vkyfzdkUwJU/
But forests of unbudding stone rzl;yGifhwJU ausmufwkH;awmrsm;rS
wpfyg;-wJU/ jrefrmvdk ydkif;jyefjyaeawmh tquftpyfaysmufoGm;Edkifw,f/

yxryg'uae tck wwd,yg' txdrS 0gusu wpfaMumif;wnf;jzpfw,f/
]ryGifhrzl;wJU ausmufwkH;awm rsm;rSwpfyg; bmrSraygufa&mufwJU uEåm&BuD;
jyKvkyfzkdU cifAsm;wkdU[m obm0w&m;udk wGef;xkwfcJUNyD}vdkU qufNyD;zwfEdkif&r,f/
]ryGifhrzl;wJU ausmufwkH;}qdkwm tifrwefxdrdwJU edrdwfykHwpfckjzpfw,f/ yGifhzl;
a0qmwJU opfyifyef;ref&JUae&mrSm a&mufvmwJU wdkufwm tdrfajcudk ajymwmaygh/
'Dawmh olrsm;awGajymaeus ]uGefu&dawm} (concrete jungle) xuf

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The sparrow's lonely for his boughs opfudkif;awG (r&SdawmhvdkU)
pmuav; aqG;&NyD-wJU/ opfyifr&Sdawmh pmuav;em;p&mtodkuf r&Sdawmh

bl;av/
You fling up citadels cifAsm;wkdUu &JwdkufawG vGifhxlcJUMuw,f/
&Jwdkufqdkwm ayg&mPpum;eJU uaeUacwf wdkufwmawGudkajymwmyg/
to stay the soft invasion of the rose ESif;qD&JU aysmhaysmif;wJU
usL;ausmfrIudk [efUwm;zkdU...wJU/ 'gudkvnf; txufyg'eJU qufpyfvdkufrS

]ESif;qD&JU aysmhaysmif;wJU usL;ausmfrIudk [efUwm;zdkU cifAsm;wdkU[m &JwdkufawG
vTifhxlcJUMuw,f}vdkU wpf0gus&r,f/ cifAsm;wkdU wdkufawG wnfvdkufMuwm
ESif;qDyef;yif raygufa&mufEdkifawmhbl;vdkU ajymwmygyJ/ 'gayr,fh edrdwfykHav;awG
vSyvdkufykH t&omudk wpdrfhpdrfh cHpm;Munfhoifhw,f/ ]aysmhaysmif;wJU
usL;ausmfrI}wJU/ ESif;qDyef;av;[m aysmhaysmh aysmif; aysmif; EGJUEGJUaESmif;aESmif;eJU
vlUavmurS tvSqifvm&SmwmudkyJ rvdkwrmeJU usL;ausmfrI &,fvdkU
ac:vdkufwm? yef;uav; tvSqifcGifh r&awmhwmudk u&kPma'gaomeJU
ajymvdkufykH[mjzifh wmoGm;ygbdawmhw,f/
But though you put the Earth in thrall 'gayr,fh cifAsm;wdkUu
urÇmajrudk uRefjyKum.....
And ransack all her fragrant dowers olU&JUarT;ysHUysHU

vufaqmifypönf;awG (yef;refawG)udk vk,lcJUMuayr,fvdkU
Her old accomplice, Heaven olU&JU BuH&myga[mif;

aumif;uif[m....
will plot to take with stars your roofs and towers cifAsm; wkdU&JU
wdkufacgifrdk;awG? arQmfpifawGudk odrf;ydkufzkdU Mu,fawGeJU BuHpnfygvdrfhr,f

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aumif;uifudk ajrBuD;&JU ]BuH&myga[mif;}vdkU ajymvdkufykHuav;ludk t&om
cHMunfh ygav/ rdk;eJUajrqdkwm urÇmay:OD;uwnf;u twljzpfwnfcJUMuwm
r[kwfvm;/ 'Dawmh aumif;uif[majrBuD;&JU &Jabmfa[mif;BuD;aygh/ tck urÇmajr
uRefjyKcHae&awmh (yef;awG ryGifh&? tyifawG rayguf& jzpfaeavawmh)
olU&JabmfBuD;aumif;uifu rcHbl;? Mu,fawGudk ppfulawmif;um wdkufwmawGudk
0ifcsMuawmhr,f.....wJU/
And neither stone nor steel b,fausmufwkH; b,foHrPdrS (wdkuf
wnfxm;wJUausmufeJU oHrPd)....
can foil that ambuscade of midnght flowers oef;acgif,Hyef;wkdU
(Mu,frsm;)&JU tJovdk &kwfw&uf0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufMuwmudk ysufjym;atmif

ckcHEdkifvdrfhr,f r[kwfbl;-wJU/ ausmufom; wdkufBuD;awG? oHrPdwdkufBuD;awGay:
Mu,fawG xGef;y vTrf;rdk;vmrSmudkawmh z,f&Sm;Edkifvdrfhr,f r[kwfygbl;vdkU
qdkvkdw,f/tck uAsmwpfyk'fvkH;udk wef;a&;Munfh&atmif/
cifAsm;wdkU obm0udk wGef;xkwfum

rzl;a0 ausmufawmawGu vGJvdkU
bmrS raygufwJU uEåm& vkyfcJUNyD/
(opfudkif;rJU pmuav; aqG;aygh)/
cifAsm;wdkU &JwdkufawG vTifhxlum
ESif;qD&JU nHUEk usL;ausmfrI wefUaygh/
cifAsm;wdkU urÇmajrudk uRefjyKum

arT;&eHU b@mawG vkcJUMuayr,fh?
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20 &mpkukefawmhr,fh uaeUacwfrSm 0ef;usifnpfnrf;rI umuG,fa&;?
obm0a& ajrawmawmiftvS xdef;odrf;a&;qdkwm urÇm vlom;xkBuD; wpf&yf
vkH;tzdkU ta&;tBuD;qkH; wm0ef0wå&m;BuD; jzpfvmaeygNyD/ wwd,urÇmppf
wm;qD;a&;xufyJ BuD;rm;wJU ta&;awmfykHBuD;jzpfvmaeygNyD/ 'Dta&;awmfykHBuD;udk
owdrlrdolwdkif;[m 'DuAsmudk cHpm;Edkifayvdrfhr,f/ uAsmrSm npfnrf;rIudkawmh
nTef;rxm;bl;/ obm00ef;usif xdef;odrf;a&;udkyJ t"dxm;NyD; a&;zGJUxm;w,f/
NrdKUjywdkufwmawG wdk;csJUvmwmeJUtrQ opfyifyef;ref tvSawG ysufokOf;um
obm0w&m;vdkU ac:MuwJU a&ajrawmawmif (Moumoavmu) abmifusOf;
vm&wm? vlawGeJU a&ajrawmawmif uif;uGmvm&wm udkyJ uAsmq&mu
jrnfauR;xm;w,f? 'gayr,fh 'Dvdka&ajrawmawmiftvS aysmufjy,f &wmudk
wrf;wjywmuyJ vkHavmufaeygNyD/
'kwd,tydk'frSmawmh uAsmq&mu ajzodrfhuGufuav;udk xnfhay;xm;
w,f/ opfyifyef;reftvSawGr&SdawmhwJUNrdKUjyrSm aumif;uif&JU tvSudkawmhjzifh
ntcgrSm &Ipm;EdkifMuayao;vdkU awmfao;&JU-wJU/ 'gayr,fh 'gudk auseyfaewm
vdkUawmh r,lqtyfbl;/ ajrBuD;&JUtvSawG r&SdawmhwJUtqkH;? aumif;uif&JU
tvSudkyJ MunfEl; ae&ykHudk &aohpdwfajz azmfjyxm;wmvdkU ,lqEdkifw,f/ ol
t"du ajymcsifwmuawmh urÇmajr&JU obm0tvS ysufokOf;&jcif;ygyJ/ 'gudk
olUuAsm&JU a'gooHrSm ay:vGifae w,f/
'D uAsm[m edrdwfykH xdrdvGef;jcif;aMumifh xif&Sm;w,f/ NrdKUjy&JUwdkufwm
awGudk ]bmrS raygufwJU uEåm&}? ]rzl;a0wJU ausmufwkH;awm}&,fvdkU zGJUwm?
]ESif;qD&JU aysmhaysmif;wJU usL;ausmfrI}vdkU zJGUwm? Mu,fawGudk ]oef;acgifyef;rsm;}
vdkUzGJUwm? nrSm NrdKUBuD;&JUwdkufawGay: Mu,fawG 0if;yaewmudkyJ ]oef;acgifyef;wkdU
0ifwdkufwm}vdkU zGJUwm rsm;[m txl;yJ xdrdvSw,f/ wu,fuawmhvnf;
om
wpfyk'fvkH;[m edrdwfykHcsnfh/
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240
MIST
Rain, do not fall
Nor rob this mist at all,
That is my only cell and abbey wall.
Wind, wait to blow
And let the thick mist grow,
That fills the rosecup with a whiter glow.
Mist, deepen still
And the low valley fill:
You hide but taller, a higher hill.
Still, mist, draw close;
These gain by what they lose,
The taller trees and hill, the whiter rose.
All else begone,
And leave me here alone
To tread this mist where earth and sky are one.
Andrew Young
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ESif;
uAsmudk a&S;&dk;rMwmpepfeJU a&;pyfayr,fh udk,fydkifwDxGifrI jyKvkyfxm;

w,f/ okH;yg' wpfydk'fqdkwJU a&S;&d;uAsmrSm okH;avhr&SdwmrsKd;udk okH;xm;w,f?
tu©&m ta& twGufrSmvJ yxryg'rSm av;vkH;? 'kwd,yg'rSm ajcmufvkH;?
wwd,yg'rSm q,fvkH; vkyf xm;w,f/ okH;yg' tu©&m 17 vkH;,lwJU *syef
[dkuúLu tBuH&ovm; rajymwwfbl;/ rMwmu tokH;rsm;vSwJU £,rÁ
jzpfayr,fhvJ &pforf[m rMwmudktajcrcH? pum;ajym &pforfqefqef
zefqif;xm;w,f/ um&efrSmvJ tjrifum&efudk tawmfokH;xm;&JU/ (tjrif
um&efqdkwm pmvkH;aygif;omwlNyD; toHxGufrwlwmudk ajymwmyg/) Oyrm-
pwkw¦tydk'f rSm close eJU rose om um&efnDNyD; lose um&efrnDyg/

yOörtydk'frSmawmh begone, alone, one wdkUwpfck toHwpfrsKd;pDeJU
vkH;0um&efrnDMubl;/
tck pmom;t"dyÜm,fudk MunfhMu&atmif/
Mist uRefawmfwkdUwdkif;jynfu ESif;rsKd;
Rain, do not fall rdk;? rusygeJU? r&GmygeJUwJU/ rdk;[m tmvkyfpum;
jzpfw,f/
Nor rob this mist at all 'DESif;udk vkH;0ckd;,lroGm;ygeJUwJU/ rdk;&GmvdkufvQif
ESif;awG vGifhjy,f&awmhrSmudk;/
That is my only cell and abbey wall 'g[mig&JU wpfckwnf;tcef;?
ausmif;eH&Hjzpfw,f-wJU/ 'gudk axmufNyD; ajymaeol[m&[ef;vdkU od&w,f/

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qdkvdkw,f/
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Wind, wait to blow av? rwdkufygeJUOD;

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242
And let the thick mist grow ESif;xlxludk BuD;xGm;ygap/
That fills the rosecup with a whiter glow ESif;qDcGuf (cGufoP²mef
jzpfaewJU ESif;qDyef;)udk ydkjzLwJU ta&miftaoG;jznfhay;wJU (ESif;)-

ESpfyg'aygif;vdkufawmh ]ESif;qDcGufudk ydkjzLwJU ta&miftaoG;jznfhay;wJU
ESif;xlxl udk BuD;xGm;ygap}vdkU jzpfr,f/
Mist, deepen still ESif;? eufonfxufeufygav/ wpfenf;-
odyfonf;ygvdkU qdkvdkw,f/
And the low valley fill csKdifh0Srf;edrfhedrfhudk jznfhvdkufygav/
You hide but taller trees, a higher hill rif;u opfyif jrifhjrifhawG?
awmif jrifhjrifhudkomyJ zkH;uG,fay;aew,fwJU/

Still, mist, draw close 'gayr,fh ESif;&,f? tem;csOf;uyfcJUygOD;/
These gain bywhat they lose olwkdU[m qkH;&IH;&mu tjrwfxGuf
aew,f/ tJ'D ]olwdkU}qdkwm b,folvJvdkUodcsifvQif qufzwf.....

The taller trees and hill, the whiter rose tyifjrifhjrifhawGeJU
awmifjrifhjrifh? ydkjzLvmwJU ESif;qDwkdUudk ajymwmygyJ/ olwkdUwpfawG[m ESif;aMumifh

jrifuGif;rSm rjrif&bJ uG,faysmufoGm;&onfrdkU qkH;&IH;&w,fvdkU xif&ayr,fh
ESif;aMumifh tjrwfxGuf Muygw,f-wJU/ ydkvSvmMuw,faygh/
All else gegone tjcm;t&mtm;vkH; uG,fyMuap-wJU/
And leave me here alone ighudk 'DrSmwpfudk,fwnf; ypfxm;cJUav
....0gusu rqkH;ao;bl;/ qufzwf.....

To tread this mist where earth and sky are one ajreJUrdk;wpfckwnf;
jzpf&m 'DESif;udk eif;avQmufzdkU 'DESif;xJ avQmufoGm;zkdU....

txufyg'eJU aygif;vdkufawmh ]ajreJUrdk;wpfckwnf;jzpf&m 'DESif;xJ
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tck tm;vkH;udk csa&;MunfhMur,f/ 'DwpfcgrSmawmh wpfyg'pDcsa&;pOfuvdk

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o'´g taqmufttkHudk xnfhrpOf;pm;awmhbJ jrefrmvdk tqifajya&;udkom

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vkH;yrf;Mur,f/ tu©&mta&twGuf olUtwdkif; jzpfzkdUuawmh rvG,fbl;/
um&efudkawmh,lEdkifvdrfhr,f/
ESif;
rdk;? r&GmygeJU
'DESif;udk ckd;roGm;ygeJU?
igh&JU wpfckwnf; tcef;? &[ef;ausmif; eH&HyguG,fh/
av? rwdkufeJUOD;?
ESif;xlxlBuD;xGm;apOd;?
ESif;qDcGufudk ydkjzLwJU tqif; jznfhapOD;/
ESif;? euf&Idif;ap?
csKdifh0Srf;udk jznfhav?
tyifjrifh-awmifjrifhudkom rif; uG,fae/
ESif;? csOf;cJUy?
olwkdUawG t&IH;u tjrwfxGufMu?
tyifjrifh? awmifjrifh? ESif;qDjzLvGvG/
wjcm;t&mtm;vkH;uG,fap?
'DrSm ighwpfudk,fwnf; xm;cJUav?
rdk;eJUajr wpfckwnf; jzpf&m ESif;xJavQmufoGm;r,fav/
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a&ajrawmawmifobm0zGJU uAsmwpfyk'fygyJ/ Snow vdkUac:wJU tazG;oGm;

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tqkyfvdkuftqkyfvdkuf uswJU[mrsKd;u uRefawmfwkdU a'orSmr&Sdavawmh pdwful;

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eJUyJ rSef;qMunfhEdkifw,f/ mist qdkwJU ESif;uawmh uRefawmfwkdUqDrSm &SdwmrkdU

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udk,fawGeJU ,SOfNyD; cHpm;&ayvdrfhr,f/ txl;ojzifh reufcif; vrf;avQmuf
xGufavh&Sdolrsm; t&omawGUr,fh uAsmjzpfw,f/ uRefawmfwUkd qDrSm aqmif;wGif;
reuf ESif;awGus? aevJjrifhvm a&m ESif;vJ vGifhaysmufa&myJ/ olUuAsmtqdkt&
yxrESif;awG a0NyD;wJUaemuf rdk;&Gmcs w,feJUwlygw,f/ 'gaMumifh ESif;cspfolu
rdk;udk r&GmygeJUOD;vdkU awmif;yefvdkufw,f/ ESif;udk oljrwfEdk;ykHuvSvkdU oufoufrQ
r[kwf? 'DESif;uyJ olU&JUcdkvIH&m cef;ygjzpfaeygw,f -wJU/ b,fvdkvlvJ? tdk;rJU
tdrfrJU? ESif;xJavQmufoGm;ae&olvm;vdkU ar;p&mjzpfvmw,f/ tqkH;xd
zwfvdkufawmhrS ESif;u rdk;eJUajrudk wpfom;wnf;jzpfapw,f/ 'DawmhESif;yJ
olUt&dyftm0govdkU qdkwm[m urÇmajrrSm aexdkif&wmudk qdkvdkwmygvm;vdkU
em;vnf& w,f/
avwdkufvQifvnf; ESif;awG vGifhjy,foGm;&wmyJ/ 'gaMumifhavudkvJ
rwdkufygeJUOD; vkdU c,awmif;yefaew,f/ bmaMumifh ESif;udkwG,fwmae&ovJ/
'Dae&mrSmawmh ESif;&J avmuudk tusKd;jyKykHudk azmfjyvdkufw,f/ ESif;qDyef;udk
ydkrdkjzLqGwfwJU ta&miftqif; jznfhay;ygowJU/ ESif;&nfaomufokH;NyD; yef;uav;
awG vef;qef;vmwmtm;vkH;todygyJ/ 'gayr,fh 'Dae&mrSm yef;wpfckwnf;udk
ajymaewmr[kwfbl;/ ESif;qD[m tyifavmu wpfckvkH;udk uAsmqefqef
udk,fpm;jyKNyD; a&;xm;wmvdkU em;vnf&w,f/ toD;yifawG? aumufyifawG
tm;vkH;udkyg qdkvdkaMumif; ]csKdifh0Srf;edrfhudk jznfhav} qdkwm yg'ujyae w,f/
csKdifh0Srf;edrfhedrfhqdkwm awmolawmifom;wdkU xGef,ufpdkufysKd;vkyfudkif&m? &Gmwnf
aexdkifMu&mudk ac:qdkavh&SdMuwmudk;/ 'gaMumifh awmifjrifhay:rSmom a0aewJUESif;
udk awmifatmufcsKdifh0Srf;qD qif;cJUygvdkU zdwfac:vdkufwmygyJ/
a&ajrawmawmif opfyifyef;refqdkwm tvSjyzdkUyJ/ 'gaMumifhESif;awG
rIdif;qdkU ydwfaevQif tvSrjy&bJ ykef;vQKd;ae&ordkU epfemw,fvdkU ajymcsifMuw,f/
om
wu,fu olwkdUwpfawG[m ESif; qDu tusKd;tjrwfudkom&&SdMuwmyg/

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awmwef;awGa&m? tyifjrifh tyifedrfhawGa&myJ/ 'gaMumifh uAsmq&mu ESif;udk

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zdwfac:aew,f/ wjcm;t&mawG bmrSr&Sdcsif aeygap? olawmh ESif;xJrSmyJ

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avQmufoGm;aeygawmhr,f-wJU/ 'Dae&mrSm ]wjcm;t&mtm;vkH;} qdk&mrSm

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uAsmq&mu twdó,0kwåd okH;vdkufwmvJ jzpfEdkifw,f/ yumoe
taqmifta,mifawGudkyJ ]wjcm;t&mtm;vkH;}vdkU qdkvdkwmvJ jzpfEdkif&JU
BudKufESpfouf&m ,lygukef/
&Icif;tvStzGJU? &moDzGJUoufoufrQr[kwfbJ? avmu[m aecsifp&m
jzpfw,f? ae&r,fqdkwJU todudkyg azmfusL;wJU uAsmwpfyk'f/
armifomEdk;
aus;Zl;wifvTm
q&marmifomEdk;\ bmomjyefuAsmaqmif;yg;rsm;udk ae;wpfjrefrmzdk&rfwGif

pm&dkufwifay;cJYaom OD;armifudk tm; txl;aus;Zl;wifaMumif; azmfjytyfygonf/
cGswf,Gif;csufrsm;yg&dSu cGifYvTwfay;Muyg&ef/
cifrifpGmjzifY
armifykd
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246

Maung Thar Noe - English Poems

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r*¾Zif;wcsKdUrSm uRefawmfwdkU&JU taemufwdkif;uAsm rdwfqufpmrsm;udkzwfNyD;

*&koH(wjcm; tu©&mawGxuf cyfus,fus,f &Gwf&wJUtoH) (stressed

Syllable) eJU v[koH (omrefum vQHum azmhNyD;&Gwf&wJU tu©&mtoH)

(unstressed syllable) wdkUudk trsKd;rsKd;tvS,fvS,f wGJNyD; &pforfazmfusL;um

a&;zJGU&wm jzpfw,f/ a&S;uAsmrsm;rSmawmh 'D*&kv[k (0g) v[k -*&k twGJ[m

wpfajy;nDnD ykHpHcsNyD; a&;zGJU&wmjzpfw,f/ Metrical (rMwmpepf)vdkU ac:w,f/

ckacwfrSmawmh tJovdkuGufwd r[kwfawmhbJ pum;ajymovdk &pforfazmf

olokH;xm;wJU rMwmu v[k-*&kESpftu©&mudk wpf*dkP;f ,lwJU Iambus

ygaewmawGU&vdrfhr,f/ 'gayr,fh yxryg'udk jyefMunfhvQif.... I have

grown/past hate/and bit­/terness &,fvdkUtu©&mudk;vkH;jzpfaewm

ness udk*&koHeJU &Gwfp&mrvdk? wwd,yg'u can udkvJ *&koHay;p&mrvdk

qXryg'eJU tXryg'(fed eJU bread) um&efnDMuw,f/ 'Dum&ef,lenf;ud k abcd

t"dyÜm,fudk Munfh&atmif/ acgif;pOfu Nationality wJU/ ]vlrsKd;} vdkU

tMurf;zsOf; jrefrmvdkajym&rSmyJ/ 'Dacgif;pOf[m uAsmwpfyk'fvkH;&JU qdkvdkcsuf

twGuf ta&;BuD;aMumif; owdjyKygav/

vdkU ,lqEdkifygw,f/ bmudkrkef;wmvJ/ acgif;pOfu Nationality vdkU

trnfay; xm;avawmh vlrsKd;a&;t&rkef;wm? vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;tay:

I see the world as one urÇmBuD;udk wpfckwnf;vdkUyJ jrifygw,fwJU/

urÇmay: &Sd vlrsKd;toD;oD;[m twlwlyJaygh/ nDtpfudkawGcsnf;yJaygh/

though I can no longer hate ighrSm trkef;w&m; (vlrsKd;a&;rkef;wD;pdwf)

r&Sdawmhr,fvJ-wJU/ (t*FvdyfvdkrSmu hate ud k verb vdkokH;xm;wm?

My son is still my son ighom;[m ighom;ygyJwJU/

All men at God’s round table sit vltm;vkH;[m a'0

okH;Muw,f/ zefqif;&Sif a'0&JU a&SUawmfarSmufrSm vltm;vkH; twlwlygvdkU

And all men must be fed vltm;vkH;udk tpmauR;&vdrfhr,fwJU/

loaf is my son’s bread 'DaygifrkefU[m ighom;pm;p&myJjzpfw,fwJU/

tck tJovdk yg'vdkufombmjyefxm;wmudk olUrl&if; t*FvdyfeJU ykHpH

trkef; a'go ig vGefcJUNyD/

uAsmrSm teuft"dyÜm,f[m ESpfrsKd;&Sdwwfw,f/ tay:,Ht"dyÜm,feJU

rkef;wD;pdwfwkdU? tmCmwwdkU r&Sdawmhygbl;/ vlrsKd;tm;vkH; twlwlyJ/ vlrsKd;tm;vkH;

cspfcspfcifcif oifhoifhjrwfjrwf aeMu&r,fqdkwmudk oabm aygufodjrifvmygNyD/

'DvdkuAsmrsKd;udk vGwfvyfuAsm (vers libre) vdkU ac:w,f/ a&S;&dk;uAsmvdk

pum;ajymykHpHygyJ/ 'gayr,fh a,bk,sawmhedrfhjrifhoHnDvkeD; jzpfaewmudk

awGU&w,f/ t*Fvdyf pum;ajymwmuvJ tJ'Dtwdkif;ygyJ/ aemufyg'rsm;udk

uJ-tck t"dyÜm,fudk MunfhMu&atmif/

work ponfjzifh/ tck rygbl;/ wrifwdkUvdkUwef;vef;vkyfxm;w,f/ pmzwfolu

udk,fxnfhcsif&m Bud,m wpfckckxnfhNyD; cHpm;Munfh&kHyJ/ oGm;&vm&

yef;csDqGJaew,fwJU/ wu,faq;eJU ydwfum;eJUyef;csDqGJwmvJ jzpfEdkifw,f/

and called it a day's work awmfavmufNyD/

the people on a corner swarme axmifhwpfaxmifhrSm vlawGpkNyKHtkHzGJU

ydk;rTm;awG? csDwufvmaeMuwJU ydk;rTm;tajrmuftjrm;eJU twlwlygyJwJU/ 'Dae&mrSm

owdjyKyg av/ NAdwdoQt*Fvdyfpum;rSm bug qdkwmuMurf;ydk;vdknpfwD;npfywf

tdrfrSmMurf;rSm aygufzGm;wJU aoG;pkyftaumiftavS;rsm;udkomac:wm/ tar&duef

t*Fvdyfpum;rSmawmh tyifawGudk udkufpm;zsufqD;wwfwJU tif;qufydk;rTm;

Those people on the go or at a standstill oGm;vmvIyf&Sm;aewJU?

Nidrf&yfaewJU 'DvlawGwJU? 'Dyg'[m txufu yg'eJUaygif;NyD;rS wpf0gusjzpfw,f/

They were the same uae standstill txd ESpfyg' aygif;vdkufawmhrS

awmh ]tydkfif;tp} qdkwJU pum;vkH;u tm;aysmhaew,f/ splinter qdkwmu

'Da&teufawG olU0ef;usif rSmpD;qif;oGm;&mvr;fudk olxdef;ae&mrSm &JBuD;[m

I painted a long while/And called it a day's work igtMumBuD;

yef;csDqGJ aecJUwm? awmfavmufNyD? em;OD;r,fwJU/

omrefumvQHum tay:,HaMum Munfhvu

a&TNrdKUawmfrSm vlawGpnfum;aeykHudk zGJUxm;wmyJvdkUqdk&kH&SdwmyJaygh/ 'gayr,fh

olUacgif;pOfwyfxm;ykH&,f called it aday's work vdkU ESpfcgxyfausmhykH&,fudk

I painted a long while and called it a day's work...

iguomtMumBuD; yef;csDqGJcJUNyDyJ? wpfaeUwmtvkyf awmfavmufNyD? &yfOD;rS

cHpm;vm&w,f/ 'Doabmudk acgif;pOf People Who Must ujyaew,f/

Tree at my window, window tree ighjywif;aygufu opfyif?

(jywif;ayguf) em;ywfwef;udk atmufqJGcsvdkuf&w,f/

rif;eJUig b0wlawGyJvdkU qdkvdkw,f/

acgif;iHU ..... opfyifudk ac:vdkufwmvdkU od&r,f/ opfyifudkyJ owå0gvdk

Not all....profound us,fus,favmifavmif pum;qdkaeMuwJU

a&;zJGU&wm jzpfw,f/ a&S;uAsmrsm;rSmawmh 'D&kv[k (0g) v[k -&k twGJ[m

olokH;xm;wJU rMwmu v[k-&kESpftu©&mudk wpfdkP;f ,lwJU Iambus

grown/past hate/and bit/terness &,fvdkUtu©&mudk;vkH;jzpfaewm

ness udk&koHeJU &Gwfp&mrvdk? wwd,yg'u can udkvJ &koHay;p&mrvdk