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Emc The Easy Way
Emc The Easy Way
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Processing disturbed
ungrounded ungrounded
Faults
* No filtering
* Outgoing line and return line run separately
+ No screening, no high frequency grounding
Problems
* Sporadically occuring malfunctions
* Measuring devices are affected
» Communications equipment is affected
* Devices and system components fail or malfunction
» Uneven controlNoise emission Induced noise
A,
Ww
= Processing 0.k.
Checklist
1 Lines as short as possible?
1D Outgoing/return line run together?
DD Screened cable used?
( Screen flat grounded?
CO Fitters installed?
C Filters flat grounded?
Noise sources/receiversFo
7
cost f
An
—— A wv
S- Nk
Faults
+ Insulating floor coverings
+ Dry air
+ Insulating shoes
+ Non-cotton clothing
+ No grounding
+ Non-conducting product
Problems
+ Sporadically occurring malfunctions
+ Measuring devices are affected
+ Communications equipment is affected
+ Devices and system components fail or malfunction
» Uneven control
Where do these problems occur?
+ Conveyors
» Insulated belts run on metal rollers
+ Insulating materials rub together
~ Motion on insulated substrate
» Powder is ground, vibrated, transportedChecklist
0 Are overvoltage (surge) protectors used?
0 Are conductive floor coverings, work surfaces and containers used?
CO Is there sufficient relative humidity?
1D Are moving and fixed system parts grounded?
O Are metallic or conductive materials used?
( Is there provision for electrical discharge to non-critical areas
(discharge path)?
DF Suitable clothing, shoes, ESD equipment?
Noise sources/receiversPE/Grout
Usa G Uns
/_ {(constant)
Faults
Insufficient filtering
Not an EMC-compliant installation
No shielding
No high frequency grounding
Problems
Measuring devices are affected
Communications equipment is affected
Uneven control
| (variable)
High-frequency noise signals are emitted by pulsed output voltage
Frequency converters couple high-frequency noise into the power lines
Other electrical devices powered by the high-voltage lines are disturbed
High-frequency leakage currents to ground cause noise voltages
in adjacent linesFo | Filter]
Una Uso
# (constant) * (variable)
Checklist
D0 Are input power filters installed on the frequency converter (FC)?
Is the output circuit of the FC equipped with a sinewave output filter?
O Are all cables shielded and as short as possible?
O Are all components and shields flat grounded to GND/PE?
O Are filters and the FC surface attached to the same control cabinet potential?
Noise sources/receiversox
FC motor
Frequency conver
Faults
+ No filtering
+ Not an EMC-compliant installation
+ No screening and no high frequency grounding
+ Inappropriate cable routing
Problems
+ Sporadically occurring faults
+ Measuring devices are affected
+ Communications equipment is affected
+ Devices and system components malfunction or are destroyed
+ Uneven controlChecklist
(2 Suitable cable length, cable type, screening and topology?
O Termination resistors properly configured (both ends)?
( Transmission speed correctly chosen (cable length)?
( Fiber optic segments used in very noisy environment?
( Is grounding suitable for high frequency?
Q Galvanic coupling avoided (no common return lines)?
C. Ripple voltages accounted for?
O Potential equalization?
O Star arrangement of supply lines?
(2 Inductive components screened from magnetic fields?
C Sensitive lines routed separately and also protected
(bus line can also be a noise source)?
O Correct cable routing observed (distance between individual
susceptibility classes)?
Noise sources/receiversery
Energy
and control
t
>
Faults
» Not an EMC-compliant installation
+ Outgoing and return lines routed separately
* No screening and no high frequency grounding
+ Chaotic cable routing
+ No HF-compatible connection of metal housing parts
Problems
* Sporadically occurring faults
* Measuring devices are affected
* Communications equipment is affected
* Devices and system components malfunction or are destroyed
» Uneven control
* High-frequency noise signals are emitted by pulsed output voltage
* Frequency converters couple high-frequency noise into the power lines
+ Other electrical devices powered by the high-voltage lines are disturbed
+ High-frequency leakage currents to ground cause noise voltages in adjacent linessusceptible strong source
—__metal dividing wall
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Output
© © © Off choke
Display/contra pane!
98.00 kg
Free space
Motor cable
Free space routed
separately
AMC” | Free Space
former
Measuring and Power ppl
control signals Py Energy
s —
SS a
Checklist
O EMC control cabinet planning followed?
O Separate cabinets for power electronics and low-voltage signals
where possible?
(2 Dividing walls contacted all-round?
O Mounting plate EMC-compliant (not painted or anodized)?
(2 Ground rails have low ohmic connection to mounting plate?
(2 Cables from different cable groups physically separated?
(2 Noise-generating and susceptible cables crossed at right angles?
O Cable screens grounded at cabinet entry and exit and to the devices?
O Fitters correctly installed?
1 Fluorescent displays located sufficiently away from sensitive devices?
Noise sources/receiversmetallic metallic plastic
cable duct cable tray cable duct
p
\
using the screen effect -
install cables without screen near
to the corners of cable tray<
The cable screen shall be continuous
no pigtaits| from the transmitter to the receiver.
All the earthing connections should
be as short as possible. Screen
should be earthed on both ends
In case of the plastic enclosures the £
screening should continuous through an °o
adequate screen connection m
n
|~as short — earthing gland o
as possible o
Plastic Screen area Q
housing contacted around a
5
Yn
flat contact
Checklist
( Screened cables used?
(O EMC qualified cable glands?
C Metallic cable ducts for unscreened cables?
(2 Attention paid to cable path way?
C Screen of running cables earthed several times?
Not equipotential bonding over the screen!High frequency grounding
®
High frequency grounds are not equal to safety grounds
according to VDE 0100! EMC ground connectors provide only
secundary protection against dangerous contact voltages.
Typical connectors for proper
potential equalization have
aT Alor large surface areas and
maa cross-section
rot gremse- ut
insulated “tree painted
Better to use weld connections than screw connections (no cortision).
Short connections, ground straps and preferable to round wires.
Low ohmic control cabinet elements connections for high frequenciesIncorporate metal cable ducts into the ground network and connect alll
the way through
Suppression
Checklist
OQ VDE 0100 followed?
O Contact points bare and grease-free?
(1 All components tied to the same ground?
D Can HF compensation currents flow back through frame parts with low
enough resistance?
1D Are compensation currents prevented from flowing through shields?
1D Are metal cable ducts and components included in the ground network?
2 Are all electrical components routed separately (star configuration) to
the potential equalization?Ideal: Route cables in separate cable ducts
metal dividing wall
W
Alternate: Separate lines using metal rail
Cable routing plays a large role in the EMC suitability of an installation.
The cables should be divided into four groups: |, II, III and IV
Group |: Very susceptible (analog signals, instrument lines)
Group Il: Susceptible (digital signals, sensor cables, 24VDC switching signals,
communications signals, e.g. field buses)
Group Ill: Noise source (control cable for inductive loads,
unswitched power cables, motor brakes, contactors)
Group IV: Strong noise sources (output cables from frequency converters,
supply cables for welding equipment, switched power cables)GE?
Avoid ground loops
aspossble
x Shield contacted
Plastic all-round
|