REVIEW OF THE NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES STUDY (2000-2050) AND FORMULATION OF NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES POLICY FINAL REPORT AUGUST 2011 VOLUME 1 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY VOLUME 2 - WATER RESOURCES GOVERNANCE. VOLUME 3 - ENGINEERING STUDY VOLUME 4 - ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY VOLUME 5 - POTABLE WATER SUPPLY IMMEDIATE WORKS VOLUME 6 = WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FRAMEWORK VOLUME 7 + PERLIS VOLUME 8 - KEDAH VOLUME 9 ~ PULAU PINANG VOLUME 10 ~ KELANTAN VOLUME 11 + TERENGGANU VOLUME 12 + PAHANG VOLUME 13 - PERAK VOLUME 14 = SELANGOR, FEDERAL TERRITORY OF KUALA LUMPUR AND PUTRAJAYA VOLUME 15 - NEGERISEMBILAN [VOLUME 1677 cy MELAKA Sag VOLUME 17 - JOHOR VOLUME 18 - SABAH VOLUME 19 - FEDERAL TERRITORY OF LABUAN VOLUME 20 = SARAWAKREVIEW OF THE NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES STUDY (2000-2050) AND FORMULATION OF NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES POLICY FINAL REPORT VOLUME 16- MELAKA AUGUST 2011 ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION 4.0 INTRODUCTION 141 4.4 BACKGROUND 141 1.2 COVERAGE OF THIS REPORT 14 1.3. SUMMARY OF KEY FACTORS - WATER DEMAND AND AVAILABILITY 12 ‘SECTION 2 ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY 2.0 ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY 2 24 MALAYSIAN ECONOMICS ANALYSIS 2 244 Overview of Malaysia Economy 2000 - 2010 a 24.14 Gross Domestic Product Performance, 2000 = 2010 24 2.14.2 GDP Performance by Major Economic Activities, 2000 ~ 2010 2 24.2 GDP Projection 2011 - 2020 25 24.3 GDP Projection 2020 - 2050 27 2.4.3.1 Overall Projection 27 2.4.32 Projection by Economic Sector 28 244 Comparative States GDP Performance 28 2.1.41 GDP Performance by States 2000 - 2010 2.4.42 Manufacturing Sector GDP Performance 2005 - 2008 by States 2.1.43 Services Sector GDP Performance 2005 - 2008 by States 2.4.44 Agriculture Sector GDP Performance 2005 - 2008 by States 2.1.4.5 __ GDP Performance by States 2010 - 2050 Malaysia, Melaka GDP Performance 246 Projection 247 Assumption 248 2.2 DEMOGRAPHY 220 224 Current Status 220 22.4.1 Population and Density 220 22.4.2 Rate of Population Growth 220 22.2 Population Projections Up to 2050 224 2.2.2.1 Assumption for Projections 221 2222 Population Projections for Melaka and its Districts 228 SECTION 3 SURFACE WATER - HYDROLOGY 3,0 SURFACE WATER - HYDROLOGY ot ‘Wigan 60s HHRSEWAL REPORT 12VaL18MasatTOC aoe TOCA‘TABLE OF CONTENTS (Contl-) Page No. SECTION 3 SURFACE WATER - HYDROLOGY (Cont-) 3.4. INTRODUCTION a4 3.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA 32 3.24 River Basins 32 3.2.4.1 Sg Melaka Basin 32 32.1.2 Sq Kesang Basin 32 3.3 HYDROLOGICAL DATA 33 3.4 HYDROLOGICAL ANALYSIS. a4 3.4.1 Rainfall Analysis: 34 3.4.2 Evaporation Analysis 36 3.43 Low Flow Analysis 35 3.4.3.1 Derivation of 1-day and 7-day Low Flows for Key Streamflow 36 Stations 343.2 Derivation of the 1-day and 7-day Low Flows for Ungauged Sites 36 3.43.3 Derivation of 36-Month Drought Sequence 38 3.43.4 Derivation of 36-Month Drought Sequence for Ungauged Sites a7 3.44 Flood Flows Analysis 37 SECTION 4 GROUND WATER 40 GROUND WATER a4 44 INTRODUCTION at 4.2 PRESENT UTILIZATION 43 424 Agriculture, Domestic and Industrial Sectors 43 43 PREVIOUS STUDIES 43 4.34 Aquifers Identified (Ninth Malaysia Plan (2006 ~ 2010) 43 432 Ground Water Monitoring Wells ar 44° MANAGEMENT AND REGULATION a7 444° Prosent 47 4414 Licensing 47 4412 — Quantity abstracted a7 442 Proposed 47 4424 Licensing a7 44.2.2 Metering end taritt 48 SECTION 5 ALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCE, 5.0 ALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCE 54 8. INTRODUCTION 54 5.2 RAINWATER HARVESTING et 5.3 _ RECYCLING OF TREATED SEWERAGE 52 5.4 DESALINATION 52 5.8 NATURAL LAKES/ POND / WETLANDS 63 5.6 _ INTER NATION WATER 53 TTiganeaie sae NARSPWAL REPORT 1018 NaaRTOGao0 TOCdTABLE OF CONTENTS (Contl-) ‘SECTION 6 WATER DEMAND ~ POTABLE WATER, 6.0 WATER DEMAND - POTABLE WATER 61 BASIS AND CRITERIA Population Per Capital Consumption (pce) Demand Sectors Non Revenue Water Service Factors WIP designed ca ity 6.2 REVIEW OF NWRS 2000 WATER DEMAND PROJECTION 6.2.4 Basis of Water Demand Projection 6.2.2 Actual Production Versus Projected Water Demand 63 WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT 6.3.4 Water Demand Management Principles. 63.2 Tools and Techniques. 6.3.3 Water Pricing Management 8.3.4 Overseas Experiencs 64 PROJECTED WATER DEMAND SECTION 7 WATER DEMAND IRRIGATION 7.0 WATER DEMAND - IRRIGATION FOR PADDY 7.4 INTRODUCTION 7.2 PRESENT IRRIGATION SCHEMES 724 Granary Areas 7.22 Mini Granary and Minor Irrigation Schemes 7.8 FUTURE IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT 7.4 WATER DEMAND FOR IRRIGATION 7AA List Of Reference ‘SECTION 8 WATER DEMAND - NON PADDY CULTIVATION 8.0 WATER DEMAND IN MELAKA - NON PADDY CULTIVATION 8.1 AREAS OF CROPS: CURRENT AND PROJECTED 844 Pepper Industrial Crops. Herbs Flower Fruits Vegetables 8.2 CROP WATER CONSIDERATIONS. 8.3 _ ESTIMATION OF CROP EVAPORATION Page No, ent ett e12 612 613 etd TA TA TA 72 72 73 at at at a7 87 89 810 ant ent ‘reo eos HRSPRAL REPORT NTE NOGIATOD SESTABLE OF CONTENTS (Contl-) Page No. SECTION 8 WATER DEMAND - NON PADDY CULTIVATION 8.3.1 Total Water Requirement B12 84 SOURCES OF WATER 815 8.5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 815 86 REFERENCES 816 ‘SECTION 9 WATER DEMAND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY 9.0 WATER DEMAND - ANIMAL HUSBANDRY on 9.1 LIVESTOCK POPULATION on 9.11 Existing Population ot 9.1.2 Projected Population to 2050 92 9.4.3 Projected Slaughter Numbers to 2050 93 9.2 WATER DEMAND a4 . Drinking Water Demand o4 Washing Water Demand 95 Abattoir Water Demand 26 Total Livestock Water Demand 96 9.3 WATER SOURCE oT ‘SECTION 10 HYDROPOWER 10.0 HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT IN MELAKA STATE, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA 104 10.1. INTRODUCTION 10-4 10.2 STUDY OBJECTIVES AND REFERENCES 104 10.3 POWER DEMAND 102 10.4 EXISTING HYDROPOWER 102 10.5 HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL IN MELAKA 10-2 SECTION 11 SEWERAGE 11.0 SEWERAGE WA 41.4 INTRODUCTION W4 11.2 PROFILE OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM Wa 11.3 SLUDGE GENERATION 13 ‘SECTION 12 FLOOD MITIGATION 12,0 FLOOD MITIGATION 124 124 INTRODUCTION 124 ‘Gene 658 NARSEINAL REPORT 12816 MenanTOC aoe ToCrTABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont-) Page No. SECTION 12 FLOOD MITIGATION (Cont) 122 _ EXISTING AREAS AFFECTED 124 123 EXISTING FLOOD MITIGATION PROJECTS 126 124 FLOOD MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES 125 125 STRUCTURAL FLOOD MITIGATION MEASURES 125 126 _ NON-STRUCTURAL FLOOD MITIGATION MEASURES 128 127 _ FLOOD MITIGATION AND WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT 1244 128 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 1244 ‘SECTION 13 RIVER SEDIMENTATION 13.0 RIVER SEDIMENTATION 134 13.4 STATE OF MELAKA 13.2 13.2 SAND MINING 133 13.3 DEFORESTATION AND LAND CLEARING 134 13.4 DAM AND STORAGE CAPACITIES 13-6 13.8 IMPACT OF CONSTRUCTION OF DAMS, BARRAGES AND OTHER RIVER 136 ‘STRUCTURES, 13.6 CONCLUSIONS 13:7 1364 References 19-7 ‘SECTION 14 RIVER TRANSPORTATION 140 RIVER TRANSPORATION 144 141 REFERENCES 14-2 ‘SECTION 15 COASTAL ASPECTS 15.0 COASTAL ASPECTS 164 154 SHORELINE DESCRIPTION 161 152 COASTAL OUTLETS 161 153 IMPACT OF OUTLETS ON SHORELINE ADJACENT TO OUTLETS: 151 154. SALINE INTRUSION 15:2 15.4.1 References 152 SECTION 16 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 16.0 WATER RESOURCES AND THE ENVIRONMENT 164 ‘Gareth 609 NASFNAL REPORT NGLT6 NewaTODee TOCETABLE OF CONTENTS (Conti-) Page No. ‘SECTION 16 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS (Cont!) 161 INTRODUCTION 164 16.2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF MELAKA, 16.2 18.3 WATER AVAILABILITY AND DEMAND 163 16.4 POPULATION 164 46.4.1 Current Status on Population, Growth Rates ahd Density 16-4 16.42 Population Projection to 2050 165 46.5 SOCIO-CULTURAL PROFILE 166 16.51 Historical and Cultural Heritage 166 1652 Indigenous People 16-6 16.5.3 Environmentally Sensitive Aroas 166 166 — LANDUSE 169 16.6.1 Current Landuse 16.9 1662 Future Landuse 1612 16.7 PRIORITY NEEDS OF THE ENVIRONMENT 16-12 168 FOREST ECOSYSTEMS 16-13 16.8.1 Status and Spatial Coverage 16-13 16.82 Ecological Assets 16-16 16.8.3 An Important Ecological Site - Melaka State Park 16-16 16.8.4 Impacts on Water Resources and the Environment 16-18 16.8.5 Conservation Efforts in Forested System 16-48 16.8.6 Future Conservation Efforts 16-19 169 LAKES AND WETLANDS ECOSYSTEM 16-19 16.9.1 Lakes 16-19 169.2 Wetlands 16-22 16.10 SELECTED AQUATIC ECOLOGY 16-24 16.11 OVERALL ECOLOGICAL CONSERVATION STATUS 16.28 16.12 _ INLAND FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 16-26 1612.1 Aquaculture Resources 16-27 16122 Current Aquaculture Production 16-27 1642.3 Water Requirements for Aquaculture 16-29 16.124 Conservation Measures 16-30 16.13 RECREATION AND TOURISM 16-30 16.131 Tourist Consumption 16-31 1613.2 Weter-Related Tourism Sites 16-32 16.14 WATER QUALITY AND SOURCE OF POLLUTION 16-32 16.141 River Water Quality Assessment based on WO! 16-33 1614.2 Raw Water Quality Assessment at the Water Abstraction Areas 16-35 16.15 CONTRIBUTION FROM SEWAGE 18-40 18.16 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM SOLID WASTE 16-44 16.161 Impacts on Water Resources 16-43 16.17 SUSTAINING THE ENVIRONMENT 16-44 46.174 Environmental Flow 16-45 ‘Tagen S082 NRO REPORT Tate MnaIATOG See TOCS‘TABLE OF CONTENTS (Contl-) Page No. ‘SECTION 16 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS (Cont) 46.47.44 Method 4: 10% Average Annual Flow (AF) 16-45 18.1712 — Method 2: Low Flow of 70s, 70s, 70s 16-48, 16.17.13 Method 3: Tennant (Montara) Method 16-47 18.17.4.4 Method 4: Smakhtin and Eriyagema Method 16-47 18.18 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WATER RESOURCES SECURITY AND 1651 ‘SUSTAINABILITY 16.18.1 Recommendation 1 — Protection of Water Source Areat 1653 18.8.2 Recommendation 2 Integrated Lake Basin Management 16-54 1.18.3 Recommendation 3 - Biodiversity Inventory 16-55 18.184 Recommendation 4~ Establish an Environmental Flow Program 16-55 1618.5 Recommendation 5 — Carry out Capacity Building and Awareness 16-56 Programs 1818.6 Recommendation 6 ~ Landuse Zoning for Water Source Areas 1658 1618.7 Recommendation 7 — Water Quality Improvement and Pollution 10-57 Prevention Programs ‘Annex 16.1 - Solid Waste Management Reference SECTION 17 WATER RESOURCES ANALYSIS 17.0 _ WATER RESOURCES ANALYSIS - RAW WATER SOURCES DEVELOPMENT 17-4 47.4 BASIS AND CRITERIA 174 47.2° WATER DEMANDS 173 17.2.1 Potable Water 173 47.2.2 Inrigation 17-4 172.3 Agriculture 114 47.2.4 Environmental Flows 17-4 17.3 YIELDS VARIABILITY 17-4 17.4 RIVER BASINS 175 17.5 REGULATED YIELDS 10-7 17.5.1 Sq Kesang River B: 177 17.5.2 Sq Melaka River Basin 178 17.5.3 Sg Melaka and Sg Kesang River Basins Combined 17-10 17.5.4 8g Jemih River Basin 17-12 17.8 SUMMARY 1712 SECTION 18 DEVELOPMENT WORKS 18.0 DEVELOPMENT WORKS 184 18.1 DEVELOPMENT WORKS - POTABLE WATER SUPPLY 184 18.1.1 Basis 184 18.1.2 Existing Potable Water Supply System 184 48.1.2.4 Existing Source Works and Capacity 184 181.22 Treated Water Supply 182 48,1.2.3 Non Revenue Water Status 183 18.1.3 Review of Development Works In NWRS 2000 183 18.1.3. Stalus of Development Works Proposed 183 181.32 Actual Implementation 18-4 ‘Breen c08 NWAGENAL REPORT 12va:16NaakaTOGdo= TOOTTABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont-) Page No. SECTION 48 DEVELOPMENT WORKS (Cont!) 418:.4 Recommendations for Development Works and Implementation 184 Programme 18.141 Avallable Data 184 181.42 Basis for Project Formulation 184 18.1.5 Proposed Potable Water Projects 185 1816 Proliminary Cost Estimates for Proposed Development Works 187 —Potable Water Supply 182 DEVELOPMENT WORKS - IRRIGATION tet 18.2.1 Introduction 1811 182.2 Proposed Development Works 1811 182.3. List of Reference ret 183 DEVELOPMENT WORKS - GROUND WATER ren 184 DEVELOPMENT WORKS - FLOOD MITIGATION 1844 18.4.1 Existing Flood Mitigation Schemes With Potential for Surface Water 18-14 Resources Development 484.41 Flood Detention Ponds 18-14 18442 Disuse Mining Ponds 1614 18443 Swamps andWellnds 19-14 184.2. Flood Forecasting 1e14 184.3 Flood Management 19-15 1 Ensure a Partcipatoy Approach 18416 integrate Land and Weater Management 10-16 Manage the Water Cyto 2s a Whole 1817 Adopt a Best-Mix of Strategies 18417 ‘Adopt Integrated Hazard Management Approaches 8-17 ‘Adopt Environmental Enhancement 1818 Integrated Water Resources Management (WRN) 1818 lood Mitigation Works 18-19 ‘SECTION 19 ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF IDENTIFIED IMMEDIATE WORKS PROJECTS 19.0 ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF IDENTIFIED IMMEDIATE WORKS 194 PROJECTS 194 INTRODUCTION 104 192 LOCATION 19.2 193 OBJECTIVES 192 19.4 SCOPE OF WORK 193 19.8 DEVELOPMENT COMPONENTS 193 19.6 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS, RELEVANT ACTS AND REGULATIONS 19-4 19.7 RELEVANT GUIDELINES 196 19.8 MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND IMPACTS 19.9 19.1 Ecological tssues 19-10 19.8.2 Social Issues 19-10 19.8.3 Water Quality and Flow 19-14 19.8.4 Other Issues 19-12 19.9 RAPID IMPACT ASSESSMENT MATRIX (RIAM) 19-12 "anal 0 ARSENAL REPORT 1G 16 MaaTOC doe ToCs‘TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont!-) Page No. ‘SECTION 19 ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF IDENTIFIED IMMEDIATE WORKS PROJECTS (Cont) 19.91 Jernih Dam 19-44 19.10 RIAM SUMMARY 19-20 Revision Description ‘Originator Reviener ‘Approval Date 4 Tesued to Cliont Koy Team TAM CML “August Members 2011 ‘Gana eo WWRSFNAL REPORT TaVLNGHaaLaTOD dee TosREVIEW OF THE NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES STUDY (2000-2050) AND FORMULATION OF NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES POLICY FINAL REPORT VOLUME 16 - MELAKA AUGUST 2011 LIST OF TABLES SECTION 4 INTRODUCTION Table 1.1 Avallable Rainfall in Malaysia Table 1.2 Water demand for various sectors in Molaka Table 1.3, Total Water Resource Demand in Melaka (mm rainfall per year) ‘SECTION 2 ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY Table 2.1 Economic Performance 2000 ~ 2010 — GOP Malaysia (Value at constant 2000 prices) Table 2.2 Economie Performance 2000 ~ 2010 ~ GDP Malaysia Value in RM milion at constant 2000 prices Table 2.3, GDP 2010-2020, Malaysia Table 2.4 GDP Projection 2016 ~ 2050, Malaysia Table 2.5, Assumed Sectors Contribution to GDP, 2020-2050 Table 2.6 GDP Projection by Sactor 2020 - 2050, Malaysia Table 2.7 GDP by States, 2000 ~ 2010 (value in RM milion) Table 2.8 GDP by States, 2000 - 2010 Table 2.9 GDP by State ~ Manufacturing, 2005 ~ 2008 (Value in Constant year 2000 prices) Tabie 2.10 GDP by Stato ~ Services Socior 2005 - 2008 by States (Value in Constant year 2000 prices) Table 2.11 GDP by State ~ Agrioulture Sector 2005 - 2008 by States (Value in Constant year 2000 prices) Table 2.12 Projected GDP by States, 2010 — 2050, Malaysia Table 2.13 Melaka GDP By Sector 2005 - 2010 (Constant year 2000 prices) Table 2.14 Melaka State GDP Projection, 2010 ~ 2050 by Sector Table2.18 Melaka State GDP Distribution by Sector, 2010 — 2050 Table 2.16 Basie Population by Districts, 2010 Table 2.17 Population Size and Averege Annual Rate of Population Growth by States 1991, 2000 Table 2.18 Projected Urbanissation Level in Melaka by District in Percentage, 2000-2050 Table2.19 Percentage Distribution of Workers by Industrial Groups by District in Melaka, 2000 Table 2.20 Percentage Distribution of Workers by Industrial Groups by District in Melaka, 2010-2050 Tablo2.21 Population Projections (000) under High, Mediu and Low Variant Assumption for Motaka Table 2.22 Estimated Urban end Rural Population (000) Based on the High Variant Projection Table 2.23 Estimated Urban and Rural Population (000) Based on the Mecium Variant Projection Table 2.24 Estimated Urban and Rural Population (000) Based on the Low Variant Projection ‘SECTION 3 SURFACE WATER - HYDROLOGY Table 3.4 Reinfall Stations Used In Analysis. Table 3.2 ‘Long Term Mean Monthly, Annual Rainfall and Drought Monthly Rainfal Table 3.3, Evaporation Station Used in Analysis, "PLENAME p HiGeneaiR 002 NASR REPORT 12.16 Mesa OF Toon oeTable 3.4 Tablo 3.5 Table 3.6 Table 3.7 Table 3.8(a) Table 3.8(0) Table 3.9 Table 3.10 Table 3.11 LIST OF TABLES (Conti-) Long Term Mean Monthly and Annuat Evapotranspiration ‘Stroamfiow Stations Used in Low Flow Analysis ‘Streamflow Stations Used in Drought Sequence Analysis 1-day and 7-day Low Flow at Key Streamflow Stations ‘S-year 36-Month Drought Sequence at Key Streamflow Stations 0-year 36-Month Drought Sequence at Key Streamflow Stations Flood flows of various Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) Result of The 5 and 50 Year 1-Day and 7-Day Low Flow at the Key Streamflow Stations ‘The 60 Year 36-Month Low Fiow Sequence at the Key Streamflow Stations, ‘SECTION 5 ALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCE Table 5.1 Possible Alternative Water Source ‘SECTION 6 WATER DEMAND POTABLE WATER, Table 6.4 Table 6.2 Table 6.3, Table 6.4 Table 6.5 Table 6.6 Table 6.7 Table 6.8 Table 6.9 Table 6.10 Table 6.11 Table 6.12 Table 6.13 Table 6.14 Table 6.15 Table 6.16 Population Projections for Melaka Domestic Demand — per Capita Consumption (Uh/d) PCC per Manufacturing Worker ~ Industrial Water Demand Industrial Demand - Litre per manufacturing Worker par Day (wid) NRW Rates: Non Revenue Water Status Non Revenue Water (NRW), % Components of Loading Factor Production Figures in Melaka NWRS 2000 Demand Projections Versus Actual Demand Production Figures in Melaka and Demand Projected to Year 2050 NWRS 2000 Demand Projections Versus Actual Demand ‘Water Demand Projections for Melaka (Mi/d) ‘Water Demand Parameters for Melaka Tengah ‘Water Demand Parameters for Alor Gajan Water Demand Parameters for Jasin, SECTION 7 WATER DEMAND IRRIGATION Table 7.4 Table 7.2 Table 7.3 Table 7.4 Inigaion Efficiencies Adopted in Water Demand Projection Estimation of Irigation Water Demand for 2 Planting Schedules for Direct Wet Seeded Rice Melaka Mini Granary Scheme Estimation of Irgation Water Demand for 2 Planting Schedules for Direct Wet Seeded Rice Melaka Minor Irigation Scheme Irrigation Water Demand Projection in Melaka State SECTION 8 WATER DEMAND NON-PADDY CULTIVATION Table 8.1 Table 8.2 Table 8.3 Table 8.4 Table 8.5 Table 8.6 Table 8.7 Table 8.8 CCrop Areas in Melaka Projected to 2060 (ha) Projected Oil Palm Areas by State, 1995 - 2050 (hectares) Projected Rubber Areas by State, 1995 ~ 2060 (hectares) Projected Cocoa Areas by Stato, 1995 — 2060 (hectares) Projected Tobacco Areas by Sate, 1995 2050 (hectares) Pepper Areas by State, 1995 ~ 2050 (hectares) Projected industrial Crop Areas by State, 1995 ~ 2050 (hectares) Projected Herb Areas by State, 1895 ~ 2050 (hectares) ‘WiGeneai 088 NARSEINAL REPORT YO T6 waain OTe oe 7LIST OF TABLES (Conti-) Table 8.9 Projected Flower Areas by State, 1995 - 2060 (hectares) Table 8.10 Fruit Areas by State, 19952050 (hectares) Table 8.11 Projected Vegetable Areas by State, 1995 - 2060 (hectares) Table 8.12 ‘Mean Monthly Rainfall (mm) and Evaporation (mm/day) for Melaka Table 8.13 ‘Monthly Weter Requirements for Non-Paddy Crops in Melaka 2007 - 2050 ‘000 m*) Table 8.14 Monthly Water Requirements by Crops in Melaka in 2007 - 2060 ‘SECTION 8 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY Table 8.4 Poultry Population in Melaka (2008) Table 9.2 Ruminant and Pig Populations by Districts in Melaka (2008) Table 9.3 Percentage Changes in Livestock Populations in Melaka, Table 9.4 Projected Livestock Populations in Melaka Table 95 Projected Poultry Populations in Melaka Table 96 Projected Slaughtered Animals in Melaka per Annum Table 9.7 Projected Slaughtered Poultry in Melaka per Annum Table 98 ‘Typical Drinking Water Requirement for Animals Table 9.9 Projected Orinking Water Demand for Livestock in Melaka (myear) Table 9.10 Projected Drinking Water Damand for Poultry in Melaka (m°/year) Tables. 11 Wash Weter Requirement under Malaysian Condition (Lihead/day) Table 9.12 Projected Wash Water Demand for Livestock in Melaka (mn) Table 9.13 Projected Wash Water Demand for Poultry in Melaka (m/year) Table 9.14 Abattoir Water Requirement under Malaysian Condition Table 9.18 Projectad Abattoir Water Requirements in Melaka (mn‘/year) Table 9.16 Total Livestock Water Requirement for the State of Melaka (m*/year) Table8.17 Acceptable Drinking Water Quality for Non-Ruminants Table 9.18 Acceptable Drinking Water Quality for Ruminants ‘SECTION 11 SEWERAGE Table 11.1. Sewerage faciities and Population Equivalent served (PE) in Melaka (March 2010) Table 11.2 Sewerage faclities and percentage Population Equivalent (PE) served by Local Authority (Melaka) Table 11.3 Annual Estimated Sludge Quantity Generated from all Sewerage Facil (year 2006, Malaka) Table 11.4 _Listof STPs with Population Equivalent 2,000 and above ‘SECTION 12 FLOOD MITIGATION Table 12.1. Flood Prone Areas with respect o Land Use Table 12.2 ‘Flood Prone Areas in River Basins Table 12.3. Major Flocd Mitigation Projects Under RMK-9 Table 12.4 Key Component OF Proposed Flood Mitigation Works ‘SECTION 13 RIVER SEDIMENTATION Table 13.1. Average Suspended Sediment Loadings at the Streamflow Gauging Stations ‘SECTION 16 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS Table 16.1 River Basins of Melaka Table 16.2 Waler Demand for Melaka (mm rainfall per year) Table 16.3 Projected Water Availabilty for Melaka (mm rainfall per year)Table 16.4 Table 16.5 Table 16.6 Table 16.7 Table 16.8 Table 16.9 Table 16.10 Table 16.11 Table 16.12 Table 18.13 Table 16.14 Table 16.15 Table 16.16 Table 16.17 Table 16.18 Table 16.19 Table 16.20 Table 16.21 Table 16.22 Table 16.23 Table 16.24 Table 16.25 Table 18.26 Table 16.27 Table 16.28 Table 16.29 Table 16.30 Table 18.31 Table 18.32 Table 16.33 Table 16.34 Table 16.38 LIST OF TABLES (Conti-) Basic Population by Districts, 2010 ESA in the State of Molaka Current Landuse in Melaka (2005 - 2009) Projected Increases in Bul-up Landuse forthe State of Molaka 2005-2020 (ha) Total forest Areas and Classification of Permanent Reserved Forests inthe State of Melaka (2008) Forest Types and Acreages in Meleka Criteria of High Conservation Value (HCV) Classes Listof Lakes in Melaka List of Welland Areas in Melaka Mangrove and Coastal Forest Reserves in Melaka Disturbances, Threats and Conservation Measures for the Wetland Areas Freshwater Fish and Crustaceans Recorded at Rivers in Melaka Permanent Forest Reserves in Melaka High Impact Projects for Aquaculture ‘Aqueculture Production in Years 2007 and 2008, ‘Omamental Fishes and Haicheries Production in Melaka, 2007 ~ 2008 Projected Area (ha) and Water Requirements (millon m") under Pond/Tank Aquaculture No. of Hote! Rooms in 2008 by State Molaia Tourist Arivals Projected for 2010 to 2080 Projected Annual Water Demand by Foreign Visitors (2010-2050), Water Quality Siatus of River Basins Estimated Sewage Loads in Melaka Waste Generation Rate forthe State of Melaka Total Number of Listed Landfills within Melaka Total Number of Listed Landfills Within Melaka Methods Applied to Rivers in Malaysian States Water Level Station in Melaka, Station ID 2224432 “7-day low flow of Melaka Water Level Station for 1, 8 and 50 year Relum Periods Flow Regime from Tennant (Montana) Method for Station ID 2224432 River Management Class Besed on Water Quality Condlions in Melaka Rivers River Management Class Based on State Urbanisation Level Details of Recommendations 7 - Water Quality Improvement and Pollution Prevention SECTION 17 WATER RESOURCES ANALYSIS Table 17.4 Table 172 Table 173 Table 17.4 Table 17.5 Table 17.6 Table 17.7 Table 17.8 Table 17.9 Table 17.10 Tablo 17.11 ‘Water Source Requirement Paddy Irigation Water Requirement Projected Agriculture Water Demand Existing Dams in Melaka Existing Water Treatment Plants in Melaka ‘Yield studies for Sg Kesang river basin Run of river yields for the Sg Kesang river basin Yields from the Sg Melaka River Basin ‘Yields from the combined Sg Melaka and Sg Kesang river basins ‘Yield from the Sg Jemnin river basin Proposed Water Source Works and Yield ‘WiGenesiR6 65 NARSENAL REPORT 12016 asain O Tobe oe vLIST OF TABLES (Cont/-) SECTION 18 DEVELOPMENT WORKS. Table 18.4 Table 18.2 Table 18.3 Table 18.4 Table 18.5 Table 18.6 Table 18.7 Key Statistics List of WTPs in Melaka Non Revenue Water Status ‘Summary of Source, Treatment and Distribution Works, 2000 ~ 2050 (NWRS 2000) Details of Cost Components Project List and Costing for Development Work until 2050 Key Component Of Proposed Flood Mitigation Works SECTION 19 ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF IDENTIFIED IMMEDIATE WORKS PROJECTS. Table 19.4 Table 19.2 Table 193 Tablo 19.4 ‘Assessment Criteria for RIAM Range bands used for RIAM Description of Components and the Impact Categories for Jernih Dam ‘Summary of the RIAM Assessment for Jernih Dam ‘Garr 608 VWVRGINAL REPORT T2VOLTG Neat OF Tain deREVIEW OF THE NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES STUDY (2000-2050) AND FORMULATION OF NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES POLICY FINAL REPORT VOLUME 16 —MELAKA AUGUST 2011 LIST OF FIGURES SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION Figure 1.1 Water Demand by Sectors ‘SECTION 2 ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY Figure 2.1 Peroentage Distribution of Workers for Main Economic Sector in 2010 and 2050 Figure2.2 Percentage of Workforce by District in 2010 and 2050 Figure 2.3 Total Population Projection Growth for the State of Melaka SECTION 3 SURFACE WATER - HYDROLOGY Figure 3.1 Hydrological Stations Used for Analysis SECTION 4 GROUND WATER Figure 4.1 Hydrogeotogical Map of Melaka(After JMG 2008) Figure 4.2 Hardrock Dil Sites at the Melaka Zoo and at Kg Solok Duku, Masjid Tanah, Melaka (After JMG Negeri SembiianiMelaka 2007) Figure 4.3 Resistivity Profile in The Melaka Zoo (After JMG Negeri Sembilar/Me!aka 2007) Figure 4.4 Resistivity Profile at Kg Solok Duku, Masjid Tanah, Melaka (After UMG Negeri SembiianiMelaka 2007) Figure 4.5 Location of Kolej Matrikulasi Londang, Masjid Tanah (After JMG Negeri Sembitan/Melaka 2007) Figure 4.6 Resistivity Profle at Kolej Matrikulasi Londdang, Masjid Tanah {After JMG Negeri Sembilan/Melaka 2007) SECTION 6 WATER DEMAND POTABLE WATER. Figure 6.1 Water Resources in Melaka Figure 6.2 Study Population Proejctions versus NWRS 2000 report Figure 6.3. NWRS 2000 Water Demand Projections Versus Actual Demand Figure 6.4 NWRS 2000 Water Demand Projections Versus Actual Demand SECTION 10 HYDROPOWER. Figure 10.1. Existing and Identif 1d Hydropower Sites In The Peninsular Malaysia SECTION 11 SEWERAGE Figure 11.1. Percentage of Population Equivalent served by type of Sewerage Facilites Figure 14.2 Percentage of sewerage coverage based on Local Authority (Melaka) Figure 11.3 Location of Existing Sewage Treatment Plants together with Location of Water Treatment Piants (WTP) and Dams ‘Hicarerains cS? WWROFNAL REPORT Tal 76 muskan OFPgaes oeLIST OF FIGURES (Cont/-) SECTION 12 FLOOD MITIGATION Figure 12.1 Flood Areas in Melaka during the December 2006 floods (Master Plan Study for the State of Melaka Flood Mitigation Project October 2008) Figure 12.2 Structural Flood Mitigation Measures Figure 12.8 Flood Forecasting and Flood Routing ~ Concept Flow Chart Figure 12.4 Deily Average Flow of Sg Perak at Kuala Kangsar SECTION 13 RIVER SEDIMENTATION Figure 13.1 Annual Series of Sg Kesang @ Chin Chin streamflow station CAs 161 Figure 13.2 Annual Series of Sg Melaka @ Pantai Belimbing streamfiow station ‘CA= 360 km? SECTION 14 RIVER NAVIGATION Figure 14.1. Sg Melaka River Improvertent Works [Phase 1] ‘SECTION 16 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS Figure 16.1 Districts of Melaka Figure 16.2 Total Population Projection Growth for Malaka Figure 16.3 ESA in the Stato of Molaka Figure 16.4 Current Landuse of the State of Melaka Figure 16.5 Map shows the Locations of Melaka Forest Reserves. Figure 16.6 Locations of Wetlands in Melaka Figure 16.7 Trend Analysis for WO! for the Melaka Basin (2003 ~ 2008) Figure 16.8 Trend Analysis for WAI for the Duyong, Kesang, Meriimau, Tuang and ‘Seri Melaka Basins (2003 - 2008) Figure 16.9 Percentage of Samples that Comply/Exceed the Benchmark for Total Coliform (1998 - 2009) Figure 16.10 Percentage of Samples that ComplylExceed the Benchmark for Turbidity (1998 - 2008) Figure 16.11 Percentage of Samples that Comply/Exceed the Benchmark for BOD (1998-2009) Figure 16.12 Percentage of Samples that Comply/fxcead the Benchmark for COD (1888 ~ 2009) Figure 16.13 Percentage of Samples that Comply/Exceed the Benchmark for Ammonia (1998 - 2008) Figure 16.14 Percentage of Samples that ComplyllExceed the Benchmark for Nitrate (1998 - 2009) Figure 16.15 Percentage of Samples that Comply!Exceed the Benchmark for Mercury (1888 - 2009) Figure 16.16 Assumptions Used in Waste Generation Projection Figure 16.17 Locations of Landill Sites in Melaka that are Upstream of River Intake Points for Water Treatment Plants Figure 16.18 Distribution of Daily Flow at Station ID 2224432 Figure 16.19 Flow Duration Curves for Station ID 2224432 Figure 16.20 National Water resources Vulnerability Index (NWRVI) by States SECTION 17 WATER RESOURCES ANALYSIS Figure 17.1 Existing and Proposed Dams In Melaka Figure 17.2 Schematic diagram of Sg Kesang River Basin Figure 17.3 Schematic diagram of Sq Melaka River Basin Figure 17.4 Schematic diagram of the combined Sg Melaka and Sg Kesang river basins Figure 17.5 Schematic diagram of the Sg Jemih river basin TRIGanwh 602 NWO NAL REPORT 1G, Te oa Figen oe iiLIST OF FIGURES (Cont/-) ‘SECTION 18 DEVELOPMENT WORKS Figure 18.1 Figure 18.2 Figure 18.3 Figure 18.4 Figure 18.5 Location of Water Treatment Plants in Melaka Supply and Demand Planning Curve for Melaka Location of Proposed Batang Melaka Dam Hydrogeological Map Of Melaka (After JMG 2008) Integrated Flood Management Model (GWP and WMO, 20044) ‘SECTION 19 ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF IDENTIFIED IMMEDIATE WORKS PROJECTS Figure 19.1 Figure 19.2 Figure 19:3 Location of the Proposed Jernih Dam Comparison of Positive and Negative Impacts ‘Summary of the RIAM AssessmentABE AE AAGR AKSB AN ARI BAKU BCM BKSA BLS BoD BRH cop CAPEX CORPRI NI COAG cst DAINET DBKL DID Do DOA DOE DSA Dss Dvs ECER ECM EIA EMP EPU EQA EscP Eto LIST OF ABBREVIATION Annual Average Flow Actual Evaporation Average Annual Growth Rate Air Kelantan Sdn Bhd ‘Ammoniacal Nitrogen Average Recurrence Interval Bekalan Air Kelantan Utara Billion Cubic Metres Badan Kawal Selia Air Pahang /State Water Regulatory Body Barat Laut Selangor Biochemical Oxygen Demand Beram River Headworks Chemical Oxygen Demand Capital Expenditure Corporatization/Privatization, Critical National Information Infrastructure Council of Australian Government Centralised Septic Tanks Development Alternatives Information Network Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur Depertment of Irigation and Drainage / Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran Dissolved Oxygen Department of Agriculture Department of Environment / Jabatan Alam Sekitar Drought Sequence Analyses Decision Support System Department of Veterinary Services Malaysia Eastern Corridors Economic Region Energy Commission of Malaysia Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Management Plan Economic Planning Unit (Federal) Environmental Quality Act Erosion and Sediment Control Plan Evapo-transpirationFAO FR FIPP FTWwcR FTWRD FWRD GDP GEV cis GNP Gwh Gwhia Gwe ha HEP IADA, 1ADP. Icom lez lowe IFM FR LBM INWwas IPP IREM Ist IsRWT IUCN Wk WRM IWRSNR, JAS BA LIST OF ABBREVIATION Food and Agriculture Organisation Forest Reserves Federal Territory / Wilayah Persekutuan, Fair Trade Practices Policy Federal Territories Water Resources Council Federal Territories Water Resources Department Federal Water Resources Division Gross Domestic Product General Extreme Value Geographical Information System Gross National Product Gigawatt-hour Gigawatt-hours per annum Global Water Partnership hectare Hydro-electric Project Integrated Agricultural Development Area Integrated Agricultural Development Project Integrated Catchment Management Integrated Coastal Zone Management International Conference on Water and the Environment Integrated Flood Management In-Flow-Requirement Integrated Lake Basin Management Interim National Water Quality Standard Intellectual Property Independent Power Producer Integrated River Basin Management Individual Septic Tanks Inter-State Raw Water Transfer International Union for the Conservation of Nature Indah Water Konsortium Sdn Bhd Integrated Water Resources Management IWRS - Northern Region of Peninsular Malaysia Jabatan Alam Sekitar / Department of Environment Jabatan Bekalan Air / Water Supply Department ‘WaSenraR 008 NOROFWAL REPORT Tin Atv coe iJICA JKR JMG JPS JPSPN KeTTHA KKM. km kw Kwa, kWh, LAP LPPP Uicld oF tod wid of wd LNG LN2P LN3P LSAN LUAS LUAN MADA MAF MAM. MAR MARDI cal McM MD ME MHLG Mi Mid LIST OF ABBREVIATION Japanese International Cooperation Agency Jabatan Kerja Raya / Public Work Department Jabatan Mineral dan Geosains / Department of Minerals and Geo-Science Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran / Department of irigation and Drainage Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara Kementerian Tenaga, Teknologi Hijau Dan Air Malaysia / Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water Malaysia Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia / Ministry of Health Kilometre kilowatt Kuching Water Board kilowatt-hour Lembaga Al Perak Laporan Penyiasatan Pengeluaran Padi lites/capitalday litres/workerlday Liquefied Neturel Gas Log-normal 2- parameter Log-normal 3-perameter Lembaga Sumber Air Negeri Kedah Lembaga Urus Air Selangor / Selangor Water Management Authority Lembaga Urus Air Kedah / Kedah Water Resource Board Muda Agricultural Development Authority Mean Annual Flood Mean Annual Minimum Mean Annual Catchment Rainfall Malaysian Agricultural Development institute Malaysian Criteria & Indicator Million Cubic Metres Maximum Demand Multiple Effect Ministry of Housing and Local Government Million Litres Million Litres Per DayMD MNC MNMP ‘MOH MoNRE/NRE MP MSF MSMA MVvA Mw m3is NAHRIM NAM NATIP NCER NDwasP NERC NGO NIPP. NLC NREO NRW NWI NwMs Nwoms NwRC NWRD NWRL NwRP NWRS Nwsc arc OPP3 PAAB PCCipce PDMP LIST OF ABBREVIATION Malaysian Meteorological Department / Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia Multinationa's Company Malaysian National Medicine Policy Ministry of Health Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Malaysia Malaysia Plan Multi-stage Flash Manual Saliran Mesra Alam Manufacturing Value-added Megawatt Cubic metres/second National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia Non-aligned Movement National Timber Industry Policy Northern Corridors Economic Region National Drinking Water Quality Surveillance Programme National Environment Research Council Non Government Organisation National Intellectual Policy National Land Council Natural Resources and Environment Ordinance Non Revenue Water National Water Initiative National Water Market System National Water Quality Management Strategy National Water Resources Council National Water Resources Department National Water Resources Law National Water Resources Policy National Water Resources Study National Water Services Commission Organization of Islamic Conference Third Outline Perspective Plan Pengurusan Aset Air Berhad Per capita consumption Power Development Master Plan "Gene aR 62 NNASFWAL REPORT Hint OF Abbreaen coe wPE PFR PGMS PMF PMP PPA PsP SAINS AIP SALCRA SAMB sBoP SCORE spe SESB SESCO SEB SFMLA SFZ SITEXT SMI SPAN ssMP sTIDC sTP sws, sWR ‘SWRA ‘SWRC ‘SWRD LIST OF ABBREVIATION Population Equivalent Permanent Reserved Forests Pacific Garbage Management Systems Probable Maximum Flood Probable Maximum Precipitation Power Purchase Agreement Power Systems Development Master Plan Pejabat Tanah dan Gelian / Land and Mines Department Public Works Department / Jabatan Kerja Raya Rotating Biological Contractor Reinforced Concrete Regional Development Corridor Regional Demand Zone Reverse Osmosis ‘Syarikat Air Negeri Sembilan Sdn Bhd ‘Sabah Agro-Industrial Precinct ‘Sarawak Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Authority ‘Syarikat Air Melaka Berhad Sabeh Agricultural Policy ‘Sapangar Bay Container Port ‘Sarawak Corridors of Renewable Energy ‘Sabah Development Corridor ‘Sabah Electricity Sén Bhd Sarawak Electricity Supply Company Sarawak Energy Bethad Sustainable Forest Management License Agreement Sapangar Free Zone Sandakan Integrated Trade Exchange Terminal Small And Medium Industry Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara / National Water Services Commission Sabah Shoreline Management Pian Sarawak Timber industry Development Corporation Sewage Treatment Plant Sibu Water Board State Water Resources State Water Resources Agency State Water Resources Council State Water Resources Department TRiGenwNAB 02 NWFSFWAL REPORT Li FAB doe vSWRTC. SYABAS. Tom TEM TNB Tonnesiha TOR Tss UNDP UPEN URS ve WAMCO. wom Wr WHO we wal war WRP WRDMC Wsia WTP wwe LIST OF ABBREVIATION State Water Resources Technical Committee Syarikat Bekalan Air Selangor Sdn Bhd Total Catchment Management Transient electromagnetic Tenaga Nasional Berhad Metric tons per hectare Terms of Reference Total Suspended Solids United Nations Development Programme Unit Perancang Ekonomi Negeri / State Economic Planning Unit Conduct a User Requirements Study \Vapour Compression Water Asset Management Company Water Demand Management Water for the Future World Health Organization Wilayah Persekutuan / Federal Territory Water Quality Index Water Quality Improvement Plan Water Resources Plans Water Resources Development and Management Corporation Water Services industry Act 2006 Water Treatment Plant World Water CouncilREVIEW OF THE NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES STUDY (2000 - 2050) AND. FORMULATION OF NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES POLICY FINAL REPORT, VOLUME 16 ~ MELAKA AUGUST 2011 SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION1.0 44 12 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND Melaka is a historical State covering a land area of 1,664 km? located in the mid southwest of Peninsular Malaysia, bordered by Negeri Sembilan in the north and Johor in the south. It comprises three (3) administrative districts of Alor Gajeh, Jasin and Meleka Tengah. Historically, Melaka was the centre of maritime trade, capitalizing on the Straits of Melaka, which was and still is the main shipping gateway between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The topography is generally lat to undulating with large coastal plains. The hilly terrain is at the easter part of the State fringed by the tapering end of Titiwangsa, the main mountainous range that runs enchelon from southern Thailand to northern Johor, ending south of Gunung Ledang. Tourism is the main economic activity in the State, followed by the manufacturing sector which produces mainly processed food products. In recent years, the State is attracting high technology industries such as high-tech weaponry and automotive components, fabrications of composites for the aero industiies, wafer production and electronic assembly. In terms of the environment, the relatively urbanized nature of the State with population ‘concentrations in Melaka City and the immediate hinterlands, much of the natural forests have long since gone and today, it is one of the States where natural forest coverage is only slightly above 3%. Because of low forest coverage, lack of water is one of the main issues in the State. This problem is exacerbated by water pollution from sullage, sewage and industrial wastes, most of which end up in Sg Melaka, a very historical and heritage river in the State. There has been a concerted effort by DID, DOE and the State Government to clean and rehabilitate the Sg Melaka in the late 1990's with success but at a high financial cost. Today ‘Sg Melaka is sufficiently clean to support boating and other water sport activities and is @ reat tourist attraction for the tourists. ‘The subsequent sections will provide an overview of the background profiles pertaining to the ‘engineering and environmental components that wil culminate in recommendations for development projects in water resources, in particular, for potable water supply through the exploitation of surface and groundwater and finding alternative sources of water to augment overall water to satisfy demands. COVERAGE OF THIS REPORT This State report will cover the engineering and environmental aspects with the contents shown below: Section 1 - Introduction Section2 —- Economic and Demography ‘Genes 60s NARSENAL REPORT Y2VL,@ Nao inrirton doe 4BPEMEE view ofthe Notional Water Resources (2000 - 2080) and Formulation of National Water Resources Policy = Volume 18 Metaka, Final Report, August 2071 INTRODUCTION = Ranh Consuting Sn Bhd~ Section3 = -—_‘Surface Water Hydrology Section4 = Groundwater Section5 --—Alternative Water Source Section6 = _—- Water Demand - Potable Water, Section? = Water Demand - Irigation Section8 - Water Demand - Non Paddy Cultivation Section9 =~ Water Demand - Animal Husbandry Section10 - Hydropower Section 11 = Sewerage Section 12 - Flood Mitigation Section13 - —_—_—River Sedimentation Section 14 - River Transportation Section15 = —_ Coastal Aspects Section 16 - Environmental Aspects Section 17 = Water Resources Analysis, Section 18 = Development Works Section 19 - Environmental Evaluation of Identified Immediate Works Projects 1.3 SUMMARY OF KEY FACTORS ~ WATER DEMAND AND AVAILABILITY ‘A summary of the water demand and the availabilty of water resources within the State provides an overall insight of the degree to which the water resource is being regulated in the State. It will provide an indication of whether there is a need to import raw water from neighbouring States. ‘A key element in water resources is the accurate estimation of water demand by various water use sectors to strategically plan water projects in the State. Water demand is measured in various units, milion litres per day (MLD) for potable water supply, acre-feet for irrigation, or alternatively as million cubic metres per annum (MCM). It maybe convenient for water resources planning to simplify and rationalise all water demands in the form of the commen denominator of rainfall. With this, it would be convenient to regard water demand in a particular State in terms of *how much rain that falls in 2 particular State is required to satisfy the total and sectoral water demands’ and how to balance this demand with water availability, to answer questions such as, how dependent the State is on inter-state water transfer to meet its requirement if there is a shortfall in water availabilty Table 1.4 shows the water resources in terms of available rainfall for the various States, of which the State of Melaka is highlighted. ‘Widener Rl 62 NWS WAL REPORT 20616 Mla roatan oe 7-2PERTEREE ‘eview of the National Water Resources (2000 - 2050) and Fermulation of National Water Resources Policy PIM ~ Volume 15 Melaka, Final Repert, August 2011 INTRODUCTION. ~ Ranhil Consulting Sén Bh Table 1.1 - Available Rainfall in Malaysia Fed | eae see [Sect | “am. | Eperfon | Renae | Rena Pale esa | san [an iKedch aso | zai | aso 130 | 70 P Pinang 1,048 2,350 1,430 120 800 Perak 21,035 2,480 1,320 170 990 sear soe | aro | tae) we) ge obi ee eae Te Rs. Pahang 4,260 420 1100 | ‘Terengganu 4470 150 4690 | ron wena | 2500 | ao |e Watayle | “ones za | vasa | vere “sero Saar Tass 2sa0_| 0 [te [0 Sak rau | seo [tas [a0 | zam Fan e [awe [seo [ eta Eaavan | voarta | aasna | vars [mana [ana Walon | stoane | aoe | tama | rove | tame The water demands for the various sectors of potable water, irrigation, non-paddy agriculture crops, animal husbandry and fisheries are tabulated in Table 1.2. They are expressed in MCM and mm per year so that a comparison can be made with the available rainfall in the State. Table 1.2 - Water demand for various sectors in Melaka zo1e | 2020 | 2030 | 2040 [2050 | 2010 [2020 | 2030 | 2040 [2080 feane Water Demand MCM per year [Water Demand mm rainfall per year Paw — |e | aoa | 220 | 201 | | ova [rats| tana] to00 | 1702 imigetod Paaty | 86 | 08 | 62 | e2 | 2 [st7|s17|a7a| ora [ara INon-Paddy Crops | 080 | 700 | 700 | 710 [710 | 415] «21 | «21 aor | aor Livestock 60 | a1 | 11a | 4 [220] 26 | 40 | 66 | 3 | 192 Tal eonsumpve| sr07| ae63 | a7e0 | 404 |42n.2| 229] 720] 2050] 2460 | 2604 Prisheres ea | 705 | 72 | 664 | 064 | 204 | aa | 450 | 17 [ara Total demand | 3805 | 490. | 4599 | 4958 [539.3] 2923 | 2625] 2720] za70 | 3205) Considered 6s nor-consumpive use Table 1.3 shows the total water demand in mmiyear of rain as compared with the available rainfall less runoff. "Genes 6s NWRSERAL REPORT 1216 MseaEaN inoaisendoe 3POMTARI eview ofthe National Pater Resources (2000 - 2050) and Fomulaton of National Water Resources Policy = Volume 16 Melaka, Final Report, August 2011 INTRODUCTION. Ranhil Consuling Sdn Bhd Itis estimated that about 70% of the runoff is loss to the sea by way of flood discharge. Of the remaining 30% about half of it (15%) can be considered available for use for all sectors and hence “effective rainfall’. The full 30% is not adopted as the last river intake is not located at the river mouths and hence not able to capture the total amount. Another is the impact of salinity intrusion that makes abstraction of raw water not feasible, “Effective Rainfall” is used as an index and not as an absolute amount. the index indicate the state of affairs with regard to the availability of unregulated flows without dams that can capture part of the high flows. Table 1.3 — Total Water Resource Demand in Melaka (mm rainfall per year) Veer | _funot | EMInateZavaloble | Teleosunetve | pgp 2010 370 65.5 1939 | ~—_(1084) 2020 570 655 z204 (134.8) 2030 570 85.5 225.9 (140.4) 2040 570 Ce 246.0 (160.5) 2050 570 85.5 263.4 (177.9) It can be seen that Melaka has a large deficit in water which is of concern. There is a need to plan and develop its own water resources such as import water from the neighbouring States of Johor or Pahang which have surplus water. It has also to find alternative sources of water land to prudently consider water demand management to reduce water deficits in the State. Figure 1.1 shows the water demand in various sectors as compared with the available water in the State. Only demand in mm is shown for potable water and irrigated paddy against the water avallabilty Water Demand for Various Sector and Availability for Melaka 250.0 [= Potable Water Demand Sa gated Padi a Non-Paddy Crops Livestock —— Fisheries =-2-~ vallable effective Rainfall 200.0 - a7p2 1500 100.0 509 Water Demand (mm rainfall per year) Figure 1.1 - Water Demand by SectorsREVIEW OF THE NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES STUDY (2000 - 2050) AND FORMULATION OF NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES POLICY FINAL REPORT, VOLUME 16~MELAKA ‘AUGUST 2011 SECTION 2 ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHYECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY 2.0 ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY 24 MALAYSIAN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 2.4.1. Overview of Malaysia Economy 2000 - 2010, 2.4.4.4 Gross Domestic Product Performance, 2000 — 2010 Table 2.1 shows Malaysia economic performance between 2000 and 2010. The figures are in RM milion at constant 2000 price. Like other economies, the Malaysian economy during the past decade was also affected by the adverse world economy. During the same period, the Melaysian GDP experienced a low growth of 0.6% in 2001, a high growth of 8.9% in 2003 and negative growth of 1.7% in 2009. The national average annual growth rate (AAGR) over the 10-year period was 4.2%. ‘Table 2.1 - Economic Performance 2000 ~ 2010 — GDP Malaysia (Value at constant 2000 prices) Year Value (in RM billion) ‘Average Growth Rate(%) 2000) 356.4 = 2001 358.4 087 2002 366.6 227 2008 309.4 896 2004 4265, 678 2005 449.3 5.33 2006 4785. 585. 2007 504.9) 6.18 2008 528.3 463 2009 519.3) AT 2010 535.9) 32, ‘AAGR (2000 ~ 2010), = 42% Source: Annual Economie Repo, Treasury (2000-2070) Department of Staistcs, Malaysia Note: 1. For 2008, the figure was based on the Prime Miristers' statement and Bank Negara Media Statements 2.2010 Figure was reviewed baced on the latest statement by the Prime Minister on new target for ‘Meaysia GDP growth rate (Le. rom Inia 2.53% to 5.5% [an average of 5% and 8% target) 2.1.1.2 GDP Performance by Major Economic Activities 2000 ~ 2010 Table 2.2 shows Malaysia GDP performances by mejor economic sectors between 2000 and 2010. The 2010 figures are the Treasury estimates as reported in the 2009/2010 Economic Reports and the 2008/2010 National Budget. ‘Wigan 60 NWRSFIAL REPORT 1218 MasknEaR2 EatDenopaphy oe 2-1EERIE view ofthe National Water Resources (2000 - 2060) and Formulation of National Water Resources Policy PARAM ~ Volume 16 Melaka, Final Report, August 2017 ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY Table 2.2 - Economic Performance 2000 ~ 2010 ~ GDP Malaysia = Ranh Consulting Sdn Bhd ~ Value in RM billion at constant 2000 prices Ray essai! 2000 2006 2010 AAGR Sectors RMbi | % | RMbI | % | RMbI] % | (%) Aaieuture sos| 06] 77] 79| seal ral 26 Wining & Quarying | s76| s06| 420| sa] axl 70] 1A Manufacturing woo] soe] 72 | aoo| vrs] zs7| 22 Consracton v0] 39] _4e| 3a] ve7| an] 10 Services 1757 | 493] zara 82 | sora] s7a| 58 Usies| wo7|__2|__s| sa] ws] 20 0 Wholesale &Reiai_| 400| 2} sel 1s{ 707] v32| 50 ‘Accommodation & Acoommod ao| 22[ 17] 22] 15] 25] s4 Transport and Storage ws] se] wa] a7] 200] a7] a8 Communication wo] sa, 7a] o7| 230| 43] 76 Finance &tneurance | 22.6] 92] 426] 102) 621] 116) 67 Real Este & Reatesiies | s57| 44] 227] 40] 20a] 5a] 6 Other Senices ma} _s|_22| 57] s34| 62] 45 Goverment Sovernm z6| 63| a4] 7] a10| 77 62 Miscellaneous (14.5) | 3.2 (43.1) 28 (7.2) 43) 44 UnaeribaedFsm | 473/40] 1a4{ a0] 16] 26| a4 impor Dues (*) se| te] sap aa] 6a aA en ee 42 oer 1. Annual Economic Reports, Teasury 2008-2010 2, Department of Statistic, Malaysia (for 2000 and 2006) Note: _FISIMA= Financial Intermediation Services Indreclly Measured ()— Agricutture The agriculture sector continues to record dectining average annual growth rate (AAGR) of 2,6% between 2000 and 2010. It contribution to the GOP also continues a declining trend from 8.6% in 2000 to 7.4% in 2010. In 1990, this sector contribution was much higher at 16.3%. The main agriculture activity contributor to the GDP" is palm oll, This sector contribution accounts for 32% of the agriculture sector contribution to GDP. In 2009, oll palm was greatly affected by the significant drop in production due to low yield although palm price remain stable. The contribution of rubber remains low, dropped from 5.5% in 2008 to 4% in 2009 due to continued deciine in price. Whilst planted land area for palm oil record an 1 Based on 2009 periormance ‘Witenes 802 NARSEWAL REPORT 12a. 18 MalhlEGI2EeotDaraahy.coeReview of the National Water Resources (2000 - 2050) and Formulation of National Water Resources Policy ‘Volume 16 Melaka, Final Report, August 2011 ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY = Ranhil Consulting Sdn Shs ~ ii) ii) increase, land area for rubber has reduced significantly to 1.237 millon hectares from almost 1.6 milion hectares in 1990, Planted land area for palm oil in 2008 was 4.575 million hectares compared to 0.8 million in 1990. Forestry contribution is also significant, contributing about 17% to the agriculture sector. However, this sector records a decline over the last 2 years; 6.6% in 2008 and 14.3% in 2009. Fisheries contribution accounts for ‘about 18% in 2009 compared to 16% in 2008, Two significant factors are increased landing (marine produces) and aquaculture produces. Other agriculture produces include paddy, vegetable, commercial fruits, tea, flowers and tobacco, Mining and Quarry This subsector records a low average annual growth at only 1% between 2000 and 2010. Its contribution to the GDP also drops from 10.6% in 2000 to 8.8% in 2006 and 7.8% in 2010. The main contributor is oll and gas. Two factors that affect this sector is lower production due to lower demand by ‘major importers and generally low average market price. The impact of the price hike in 2006 and 2007 did not generate significant impact on output due to reduced demand. In fact even the consumption of liquefied natural gas (LNG) by USA, China and India increased significanty, the price drops to its lowest of the decade to USD31 per barre! in 2008. Manufacturing ‘The impact of economic slowdown on manufacturing sector is shown by the low average annual growth rate of 2.2% between 2000 and 2010. This sector was worst hit in 2009 and recorded a huge drop of 12.1% compared to 2008. The sharp decline in performance was due to deterioration in especially export oriented industries. This sector contribution to GDP also recorded significant drop from average 30% to 26.4% in 2009 and 25.7% in 2010. Despite the declining export, Malaysia manufacturing sector does not experience major shift in importance with the contribution of the domestic- oriented industries increase slightly from 45.0% in 2000 to 46% in 2010 (45.8% in 2008) while the export-oriented industries drops from 55% to 54%, This indicates Malaysia manufacturing sector's continued dependence on ‘export market and parallel impact on the domestic-oriented industries. ‘Three main manufacturing activities that remain the threshold of the sector are electrical and electronic products and petroleum products on the export- oriented subsector and chemical and chemical products on the domestic oriented subsector. The three contribute about 57% of total manufacturing output. Other export oriented industries include textile, apparel and foot ware, wood and wood products, rubber products, machinery and equipment and medical, optical and scientific equipment. On the domestic-orianted "RiGens RB S02 NOROFWAL REPORT 72016 alkane Edney doe 2-3IEEE Reviow of the National Wator Resources (2000 - 2050) and Formulation of National Water Resources Policy ‘Volume 16 Melaka, Final Report, August 201% ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY ~ Ranhll Consulting Sen Bhd ~ Ba industries, the activities include plastics product, food product, transport equipment, off-estate processing and fabricated metal products. Impact of manufacturing dependence on export market is having a toll on Malaysia manufacturing sector. Cheap labor elsewhere is making production cost in Malaysia more expensive. Option for cheap labor to high produetivity {is due to the fact that cost of intial investment on high productivity operation {s relatively higher when return is on long term. Thailand has become more attractive since labor is not only cheap but productivity in manufacturing is considered as relatively at par to Malaysia. Similarly, in certain industries such as electronic, Malaysia does not hold advantage to India (iv) Construction The construction sector is among the economic activities badly hurt by economic slowdown. This sector recorded @ relatively low average growth rate of 1.8% for this decade. Between 2004 and 2006, this sector record negative growth for 3 consecutive years. Only after this the construction sector managed to improve slightly with significant growth rate of 4.7% in 2007.To assist this sector, the Government exercises two stimulus packages in 2008 and 2009 and subsequently this sector menage to record annual growth exceeding 3% for 2009 and 2010. The Government spent more than RM 14 billion in 2009 to implement 84,730 projects that include low and medium-cost housing, public sector building and roads. Construction sector performance is parallel to economic development. This sector performance between 1990 and 1997 was at its peak when the Malaysian economy was at its peak. And the construction sector always need public sector stimulus when the economy slows over more than 2 years while recovery takes @ longer period ) Services Malaysia is experiencing a shift in economic dependence from agriculture to manufacturing and now to services sector. Between 2000 and 2010, the services sector saw a significant increase in its contribution to Malaysia GDP; from 49.3% to 57.3%. This shift in economic sector performance is in line with the general trend that developed countries economic structure is largely dependent on services sector’, Since Malaysia is heading toward @ developed nation by 2020, the probabilty is Malaysia economy will further shift to higher contribution of the services sector; current target Is 62.5% of national GDP. This element has to be given a thought by the consultant when projecting future water demandiconsumption due to the different population equivalent for manufacturing and services activities. 2 This ie the general assumption by tho respective head of states in Malaysia through various reports by thelr consultants an Develop State status. Refar fo reports on Selangor Maju 2005 and Melaka Maju 2010. This is also bhiight os 9 precondition for Maleysia Moju 2020. ‘Widener 60 NARS WIL REPORT 1.16 MORESIGEeotOamopraphy dm 2-4