Steel Joists & Girders Notes

Printed in Canada 03/2003
the
www.canamsteel.com www.canammanac.com
WELDING
N
CANADIA
BUREAU
AP
PR O VAL
Steel Plus Underwriters American

Steel Joist Canadian Canadian International
Network® Laboratories Institute of Steel
Institute Welding Institute of Steel Conference of
Inc.® Construction inc.
www.steelplus.com Bureau Construction Building Officials
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE SUBJECT
6 Quality Assurance
steel
Corporation
8 Detailing with Open Web Steel Joists
Combined Bridging Tables
Girder and Joist Connections, Bridging Details
Square Ends, Added Members, Uplift
Pages identified with a red tab Sloped Seats
or the Canam logo Field Bolted Splice, Pitched Joists, Duct Openings
as shown above are
16 Engineering with Open Web Steel Joists
Canam’s supplement to Load / Span Design, Sloped Joists, Special Loads
the Steel Joist Institute (SJI) End Moments
41st EDITION, STANDARD Standing Seam Roof, Joists Longer than SJI
Special Shapes
SPECIFICATIONS, LOAD TABLES & OSHA Highlights
WEIGHT TABLES FOR Floor Vibration
Joist Substitutes, Outriggers and Extensions, Headers
STEEL JOISTS AND Design Economy
JOIST GIRDERS,
meant to advance the easy 30 Steel Joist Institute History and General Information
2002 Revisions to Specifications
application of steel joists SJI History
in North American construction. SJI Policy, Membership, Publications
SJI Joists and Fire Resistance
37 SJI K-Series
K-Series TCX, Extended Ends
K-Series Specs Sections 1 through 6
K-Series Definition of span
K-Series Standard Load Tables
54 SJI KCS and K-Series Economy Tables

K-Series KCS joists example
K-Series KCS joists Load Table
Pages identified with the black tab K-Series Economy Table
or the SJI logo as shown above
are a reproduction of the SJI’s 62 SJI LH & DLH Series
LH-DLH-Series Specs Sections 100 through 105
41st EDITION, STANDARD LH-Series Std Load Table
SPECIFICATIONS, LOAD TABLES & DLH-Series Std Load Table
WEIGHT TABLES FOR 78 SJI Joist Girders
STEEL JOISTS AND Joist Girders Specs Sections 1000 to 1006
JOIST GIRDERS,
provided in this catalog by Canam. 86 Canam Joist Girder Tables
Conventional Girder, Wood Nailer Girder
96 Recommended Code of Standard Practice

Sections 1 through 8
Referenced Specs, Codes, and Standards
105 Appendices on OSHA regulations

Bay Length Definitions
OSHA Steel Erection Std (OWSJ)
Illustration of Bridging Terminus
Canam and Design, Red Dot Design, Murox, and Sun Steel 114 Canam Lists
Buildings are registered trademarks of The Canam Manac Joist, Joist Girder, Bridging and Accessories Lists
Group Inc. Solutions + Services is a trademark of The Take-off Sheets
Canam Manac Group Inc. Hambro is a trademark of
Mailing Addresses and Telephone
Hambro International (Structures) Ltd.
Internet Addresses, Web Site Plan
steel
Corporation
3
1
steel
Corporation
4
6
7
9
Vancouver
Calgary
Issaquah
8
Spokane Québec Saint-Gédéon Moncton
4 Sunnyside
6
Saint-Joseph
7 Boucherville
Laval
Brockville Poland Spring
Wayzata Chittenango
Gold Hill 9 Boston
Mississauga
Détroit
Madison
Chicago
Wynnewood
2 1 ■
Baltimore
Columbus
Point of Rocks
Indianapolis
5 Purcellville
Virginia Beach
Overland Park Washington Peru
Los Angeles
Cordova
Carlsbad Peoria
Lawrenceville
11
Ciudad Juárez 3 Jacksonville
San Antonio
West Palm Beach
Hypoluxo
Chihuahua Deerfield Beach
PLANTS
10
Monterrey
UNITED STATES
1 Point of Rocks, Maryland
10 2 Columbus, Ohio
3 Jacksonville, Florida
México 4 Sunnyside, Washington
5 Washington, Missouri
CANADA
6 Saint-Gédéon, Quebec
7 Boucherville, Quebec
11 8 Calgary, Alberta
9 Mississauga, Ontario
MEXICO
Plant 10 Monterrey, Nuevo León
11 Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua
Canam Sales Office
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Corporation
5
QUALITY ASSURANCE
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
• Total client satisfaction: exceptional service

•••
• Excellent relations with our personnel
•••
• First quality products: non-negotiable
•••
• Low-cost producer
•••
• Clean and orderly working environment
•••
• Good corporate citizen
•••
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Corporation
6
QUALITY ASSURANCE
PLANT AND PRODUCT CERTIFICATIONS
Over the years, we have established strict quality standards. All our welders, inspectors, and quality assurance technicians
are certified by the American Welding Society or the Canadian Welding Bureau. We do visual inspections on 100% of the
welded joints and non-destructive testing if required.
SJI: Steel Joist Institute

Plants SJI AISC CWB ISO UL ULC ICBO FM AISC: American Institute of Steel
Columbus, OH Yes Steel Deck Steel Deck Construction
United States
Sunnyside, WA Yes Yes Hambro Steel Deck Steel Deck CWB: Canadian Welding Bureau
& Plant ISO: International Organization
for Standardization
Jacksonville, FL Yes Cbd, Cbr, P Steel Deck Steel Deck UL: Underwriters Laboratories
& Hambro ULC: Underwriters Laboratories
Point of Rocks, MD Yes Cbd, P of Canada
Washington, MO Yes Cbd ICBO: International Conference
of Building Officials
Boucherville, QC Yes 9002 Steel Deck Steel Deck Steel Deck
Mex. Canada
FM: Factory Mutual

Saint-Gédéon, QC Yes Cbd, Cbr, P, F Yes 9001 Hambro Hambro Hambro Cbd: Complex Steel Building
Mississauga, ON Yes Yes Steel Deck Steel Deck Steel Deck Structures
Calgary, AB Yes Yes Steel Deck Steel Deck Cbr: Major Steel Bridges
Juarez, CHIH Yes Hambro Plant P: Sophisticated Paint
Endorsement
Monterrey, NL Yes F: Fracture Critical Endorsement
Canam has been producing open web steel joists for

the last 40 years and has developed expertise in engi-
neering and fabrication to better serve our customers
with quality products.
With five plants in the United States, three in Canada,
and two in Mexico, the Canam team can deliver all types
of joists where and when you need them from any of our
SJI certified plants.
In our search for quality, Canam has introduced a series
of small cold formed channels to provide individual web
members for most steel joists spanning over thirty feet.
These straight web members allow an easier weld with
the chord members.
PAINT ENGINEERING &

Canam’s standard shop paint is GRAY primer.
DRAFTING
Other primer colors may be available at some locations. Our engineering staff is ready and willing to help you
The typical shop applied primer that is used to coat steel with any technical matters you may have with the use of
joists and joist girders is a dip-applied, air dried paint. The open web steel joists. We have developed a taste for
primer is intended to be an impermanent and provisional technically challenging projects. We like to innovate and
coating which will protect the steel for only a short period find what’s best for our customers.
of exposure in ordinary atmospheric conditions. Canam has developed enough drafting capacity so that
Since most steel joists and joist girders are primed using 100% of our drawings are done by Canam employees.
a standard dip coating, the coating may not be uniform Canam is not using sub-contractors to perform any of our
and may include drips, runs, and sags. Compatibility of technical work. This way, we can ensure quick response
any coating, including fire protective coatings, applied time, quality, and consistency to our customers.
over standard shop primer shall be the responsibility of
the specifier and/or painting contractor.
The primer coating may require field touch-up/repair.
The joist manufacturer shall not be responsible for the
condition of the primer if it is not properly protected
after delivery.
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DETAILING WITH OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS
COMBINED BRIDGING TABLES
NUMBER OF ROWS OF BRIDGING**

K-SERIES Refer to the K-Series Load Table and Specification Section 6 for required bolted diagonal bridging.
Distances are Joist Span lengths – See “Definition of Span” on page 49.
*Section 1 2 3 4 5
Number Row Rows Rows Rows Rows
#1 Up thru 16’ Over 16’ thru 24’ Over 24’ thru 28’
#2 Up thru 17’ Over 17’ thru 25’ Over 25’ thru 32’
#3 Up thru 18’ Over 18’ thru 28’ Over 28’ thru 38’ Over 38’ thru 40’
#5 Up thru 19’ Over 19’ thru 29’ Over 29’ thru 39’ Over 39’ thru 50’ Over 50’ thru 52’
** Last digit(s) of joist designation shown in Load Table.

** See Section 5.11 of the K-Series specification for additional bridging required for uplift design.
MAXIMUM JOIST SPACING FOR HORIZONTAL BRIDGING

**BRIDGING MATERIAL SIZE
K-SERIES Round Rod Equal Leg Angles HR = Hot Rolled CF = Cold Formed
1-1/8” CF 1-3/8” CF 1-5/8” CF 1-7/8” CF 2-1/8” CF
SECTION 1/2” round 1” HR 1-1/4” HR 1-1/2” HR 1-3/4” HR 2” HR 2-1/2” HR
NUMBER* r = .13” r = .20” r = .25” r = .30” r = .35” r = .40” r = .50”
1 thru 9 3’-3” 5’-0” 6’-3” 7’-6” 8’-7” 10’-0” 12’-6”
10 3’-0” 4’-8” 6’-3” 7’-6” 8’-7” 10’-0” 12’-6”
11 and 12 2’-7” 4’-0” 5’-8” 7’-6” 8’-7” 10’-0” 12’-6”
** Refer to last digit(s) of Joist Designation
** Connection to Joist must resist 700 pounds
Certain joists require bolted diagonal bridging for erection stability for spans less than 60 feet. The chart below lists
those designations and the minimum spans at which bolted diagonal bridging is required.
All joists over 60 feet require erection stability bridging.
12K1 23 ft. 22K4 34 ft. 26K10 49 ft. 24LH03 35 ft.
14K1 27 ft. 22K5 35 ft. 28K6 40 ft. 24LH04 39 ft.
16K2 29 ft. 22K6 36 ft. 28K7 43 ft. 24LH05 40 ft.
16K3 30 ft. 22K7 40 ft. 28K8 44 ft. 24LH06 45 ft.
16K4 32 ft. 22K9 40 ft. 28K9 45 ft. 28LH05 42 ft.
16K5 32 ft. 24K4 36 ft. 28K10 49 ft. 28LH06 46 ft.
18K3 31 ft. 24K5 38 ft. 28K12 53 ft. 28LH07 54 ft.
18K4 32 ft. 24K6 39 ft. 30K7 44 ft. 28LH08 54 ft.
18K5 33 ft. 24K7 43 ft. 30K8 45 ft. 32LH06 47 ft.
18K6 35 ft. 24K8 43 ft. 30K9 45 ft. 32LH07 47 ft.
20K3 32 ft. 24K9 44 ft. 30K10 50 ft. 32LH08 55 ft.
20K4 34 ft. 26K5 38 ft. 30K11 52 ft. 36LH07 47 ft.
20K5 34 ft. 26K6 39 ft. 30K12 54 ft. 36LH08 47 ft.
20K6 36 ft. 26K7 43 ft. 18LH02 33 ft. 36LH09 57 ft.
20K7 39 ft. 26K8 44 ft. 20LH02 33 ft.
20K9 39 ft. 26K9 44 ft. 20LH03 38 ft.
On Canam’s framing plans, the erection stability bridging lines are identified with the following symbol and notation: ES
APPROVER / ERECTOR NOTE:
Except for column joists noted as “OC”, All ERECTION STABILITY bridging lines shall be installed prior to the slackening of hoisting lines.
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COMBINED BRIDGING TABLES

For KCS-Series joists, BRIDGING BOLT SIZES LH-DLH MAX. SPACING HORIZONTAL
use the tables for K-Series *SECTION OF LINES OF BRACING
with an equivalent SECTION MINIMUM NUMBER BRIDGING FORCE
section number, as shown SERIES NUMBER BOLT SIZE
lbs
in the chart below: K ALL 3/8” A307 02,03,04 11’-0” 400
LH/DLH 2 - 12 3/8” A307 05,06 12’-0” 500
BRIDGING
LH/DLH 13 - 17 1/2”A307 07,08 13’-0” 650
JOIST TABLE
or 3/8” A325 09,10 14’-0” 800
DESIGNATION SECT. NO. 11,12 16’-0” 1000
DLH 18 & 19 5/8” A307
10KCS1 1 or 1/2”A325 13,14 16’-0” 1200
10KCS2 1 15,16 21’-0” 1600
10KCS3 1 17 21’-0” 1800
12KCS1 3 18,19 26’-0” 2000
12KCS2 5 Number of lines of bridging is based on joist clear span
12KCS3 5 dimensions.
14KCS1 4 *Last two digits of joist designation shown in load table
14KCS2 6
14KCS3 6
16KCS2 6
K, LH & DLH SERIES JOISTS
16KCS3 9 MAXIMUM JOIST SPACING FOR DIAGONAL BRIDGING
16KCS4 9
16KCS5 9 BRIDGING ANGLE SIZE - (Equal Leg Angles) HR = Hot Rolled CF = Cold Formed
18KCS2 6 1-1/8” CF 1-3/8” CF 1-5/8” CF 1-7/8” CF 2-1/8” CF
18KCS3 9 JOIST 1” HR 1-1/4” HR 1-1/2” HR 1-3/4” HR 2” HR
18KCS4 10 DEPTH r = .20” r = .25” r = .30” r = .35” r = .40”
18KCS5 10
20KCS2 6 12 6’-6” 8’-3” 9’-11” 11’-7”
20KCS3 9 14 6’-6” 8’-3” 9’-11” 11’-7”
20KCS4 10 16 6’-6” 8’-2” 9’-10” 11’-6”
20KCS5 10 18 6’-6” 8’-2” 9’-10” 11’-6”
22KCS2 6 20 6’-5” 8’-2” 9’-10” 11’-6”
22KCS3 9 22 6’-4” 8’-1” 9’-10” 11’-6”
22KCS4 11 24 6’-4” 8’-1” 9’-9” 11’-5”
22KCS5 11
26 6’-3” 8’-0” 9’-9” 11’-5”
24KCS2 6 28 6’-2” 8’-0” 9’-8” 11’-5”
24KCS3 9
24KCS4 12 30 6’-2” 7’-11” 9’-8” 11’-4”
24KCS5 12 32 6’-1” 7’-10” 9’-7” 11’-4” 13’-0”
26KCS2 6 36 7’-9” 9’-6” 11’-3” 12’-11”
26KCS3 9 40 7’-7” 9’-5” 11’-2” 12’-10”
26KCS4 12 44 7’-5” 9’-3” 11’-0” 12’-9”
26KCS5 12 48 7’-3” 9’-2” 10’-11” 12’-8”
28KCS2 6 52 9’-0” 10’-9” 12’-7”
28KCS3 9 56 8’-10” 10’-8” 12’-5”
28KCS4 12 60 8’-7” 10’-6” 12’-4”
28KCS5 12
64 8’-5” 10’-4” 12’-2”
30KCS3 9 68 8’-2” 10’-2” 12’-0”
30KCS4 12
30KCS5 12 72 8’-0” 10’-0” 11’-10”
LH SERIES JOISTS
SPANS OVER 60’ REQUIRE BOLTED DIAGONAL BRIDGING
**BRIDGING ANGLE SIZE - (Equal Leg Angle) HR = Hot Rolled CF = Cold Formed
1-1/8” CF 1-3/8” CF 1-5/8” CF 1-7/8” CF 2-1/8” CF
SECTION 1” HR 1-1/4” HR 1-1/2” HR 1-3/4” HR 2” HR 2-1/2” HR
NUMBER* r = .20” r = .25” r = .30” r = .35” r = .40” r = .50”
02, 03, 04 4’-7” 6’-3” 7’-6” 8’-9” 10’-0” 12’-4”
05 - 06 4’-1” 5’-9” 7’-6” 8’-9” 10’-0” 12’-4”
07 - 08 3’-9” 5’-1” 6’-8” 8’-6” 10’-0” 12’-4”
09 - 10 4’-6” 6’-0” 7’-8” 10’-0” 12’-4”
11 - 12 4’-1” 5’-5” 6’-10” 8’-11” 12’-4”
13 - 14 3’-9” 4’-11” 6’-3” 8’-2” 12’-4”
15 - 16 4’-3” 5’-5” 7’-1” 11’-0”
17 4’-0” 5’-1” 6’-8” 10’-5”
** Refer to last two digits of Joist Designation.
** Connection to joist must resist force listed in Table 104.5.1 of the LH-Series specification.
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GIRDER AND JOIST CONNECTIONS
1-1/2” 3/4” ø BOLTS 2” 3/4” ø BOLTS

3” 3/4” ø BOLTS
5” GAGE 5” GAGE 5” GAGE
7-1/2” 7-1/2” 7-1/2”
6” 3” 1/2”
1” 1” 1”
STABILIZER PLATE STABILIZER PLATE STABILIZER PLATE
GIRDER CONNECTION A GIRDER CONNECTION B GIRDER CONNECTION C

BOLTS NOT BY CANAM BOLTS NOT BY CANAM
BOLTS NOT BY CANAM
2-1/2” 3/4” ø BOLTS

4” GA, @ “LH” & “DLH”
3” 3/4” ø BOLTS
1/2” ø BOLTS
5” GAGE HALF 3/4” ø BOLTS 3-1/2” GA, @ “K”
STD GA 4” GA, @ “LH” & “DLH”
1/2” ø BOLTS
3-1/2” GA, @ “K” 2-1/2” @ “K”
7-1/2”
5” @ “LH”
6” 2-1/2” @ “K”
5” @ “LH” 4” @ “K”
6” @ “LH”
1”
1” STABILIZER PLATE
STABILIZER PLATE
GIRDER CONNECTION D JOIST CONNECTION E JOIST CONNECTION F

BOLTS NOT BY CANAM BOLTS NOT BY CANAM BOLTS NOT BY CANAM
1-1/2” 3/4” ø BOLTS 3/4” ø BOLTS

4” GA, @ “LH” & “DLH” 2” 3/4” ø BOLTS 2-1/2 ”
4” GA, @ “LH” & “DLH”
4” GA, @ “LH” & “DLH”
1/2” ø BOLTS 1/2” ø BOLTS
3-1/2” GA, @ “K” 1/2” ø BOLTS 3-1/2” GA, @ “K”
3-1/2” GA, @ “K”
2-1/2” @ “K” 2-1/2” @ “K”
5” @ “LH” 5” @ “LH”
3” 1/2” 2-1/2” @ “K”
5” @ “LH”
4” @ “K”
6” @ “LH”
1” 1”
STABILIZER PLATE STABILIZER PLATE
1”
STABILIZER PLATE
JOIST CONNECTION H JOIST CONNECTION K JOIST CONNECTION L

BOLTS NOT BY CANAM BOLTS NOT BY CANAM BOLTS NOT BY CANAM
DLH18 and DLH19 will have girder standards.
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HORIZ. BRIDGING
GIRDER AND CUT TO FIT IN FIELD LAP TO BE 2” MIN
USE ALL DROPS.
JOIST BEARING
See page 10 for standard girder and joist connections at 2”
columns. Joists not falling directly at a column line have
to be welded and/or bolted depending on conditions. As TYP
2” 1/8” 1” MIN
per OSHA, any joists in bays over 40’ and bearing on
steel framing have to be bolted unless if the joists are
assembled on the ground into panels and then set in
place. Minimum welds are two 1/8” x 1” long fillet welds
for K-Series and two 1/4” x 2” long fillet welds for LH and
DLH-Series. K-Series joists shall bear at least 2 1/2” on
steel and 4” on masonry while LH, DLH, and girder shall
bear a minimum of 4” on steel and 6” on masonry. PLAN
BRIDGING DETAILS
TYP
1/8” 1” MIN
SEE PLAN FOR PIECE MARK
BRIDGING ANCHOR
PIECE MARK BAC = 2 1/2” x 2 1/2” x 3/16” x 2 1/2” LONG
ATTACH WITH:
1/2” EXP BOLT (NOT BY CANAM)
BRIDGING ANCHOR 1/4” 2” “LH” SERIES

PIECE MARK BAC = 2-1/2” x 2-1/2” x 3/16” x 2-1/2” LONG 1/4” 2” TYP. MIN.
ATTACH WITH: 1/2” EXP BOLT (NOT BY CANAM)
1/8” 1” “K” SERIES
1/8” 1” TYP. MIN.
WELDED-X BRIDGING
SEE PLAN FOR PIECE MARK MIN
1/8” 2”
KNEE BRACE ONLY

IF REQUIRED BY DESIGN
SEE PLAN FOR LOCATIONS
TYP 1/8” 1”
MIN
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SQUARE ENDS ADDED MEMBERS

Whenever joists are bottom chord bearing, a row of
bolted diagonal cross bridging should be installed from OF PANEL POINT
joist to joist at or near the bearing location to provide as specified
lateral erection stability. MORE THAN 3” 3/16”
OF POINT LOAD
SQUARE END
OF PANEL POINT
FIELD INSTALLED MORE THAN 3”
ANGLE BRACE, EACH SIDE
The weight of walls, signage, facia, etc. supported at NOT BY CANAM~MINIMUM OF POINT LOAD
the end of a cantilever square end must be shown on LEG THICKNESS 3/16”.
the contract drawings to be properly considered in the
joist design. TYPICAL JOIST REINFORCEMENT
AT CONCENTRATED LOADS
Joists, including KCS-Series, are not typically designed

for localized bending from point loads. Concentrated
loads must be applied at joist panel points or field strut
FULL DEPTH angles must be utilized as shown.
CANTILEVER END
Canam can provide a specially designed joist with the
capability to take point loads without the added struts, if
this requirement and the exact location and magnitude of
the loads are clearly shown on the contract drawings.
Also, Canam can consider the worst case in both the
shear and bending moment for a traveling load with no
specific location. When a traveling load is specified, the
contract drawings should indicate whether the load is to
be applied at top or bottom chord, and at any panel point,
or at any point with the local bending effects considered.
UPLIFT
Where uplift is a design consideration, the NET uplift UPLIFT BRIDGING:
value shall be provided on the contract drawings. 1 ROW OF HORIZONTAL BRIDGING
@ FIRST BOTTOM CHORD PANEL POINT
Additional lines of bridging will be required at the first ON EACH END OF JOIST AS SHOWN.
bottom chord panel points as shown. TYPICAL ALL JOISTS, ALL BAYS, IN ADDITION TO
STANDARD BRIDGING SHOWN ON PLAN.
FIRST BOTTOM CHORD

PANEL POINT
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SLOPED SEATS
The shoe depth must always be specified at the gridline. For joists on which the left and right bearings are not at the same
level (sloped joist), the exterior and interior shoe depths are determined in such a way as to respect the depth at the gridline.
Interior Shoe
Exterior Shoe
Exterior Shoe
Shoe Depth
at gridline
Shoe Depth
Depth
at gridline
Interior Shoe
Depth
Depth
Depth
Interior Shoe
Exterior Shoe
Exterior Shoe
Shoe Depth
Shoe Depth
at gridline
Interior Shoe
at gridline
Depth
Depth
Depth
Depth
The bearing depth should be increased at sloped joists to insure an adequate depth of bearing seat assembly at the inside
end or at the outside end, which depends on which bearing end (left or right) is higher.
12
x
12
x
Shoe Depth
Shoe Depth
at gridline
at gridline
IN IN
2” M 2” M
2 1/ 2 1/
A A
Reference lines (gridline) are always at center of bearing steel or inside face of wall.
MINIMUM SHOE DEPTH AT GRIDLINE (in.)
A Joist Sloped (x / 12)
(in.) 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.0
5 3.5 3.5 3.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 7.0
6 3.5 3.5 3.5 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
7 3.5 3.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 8.0
8 3.5 3.5 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0
NOTE: Calculations are based on a top chord vertical leg of 2-1/2” (all K-Series and up to LH07).
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FIELD BOLTED SPLICE PITCHED JOISTS

Field bolted splices can be provided on any joist type Canam can provide longspan joists with a variety of
when required for shipment or due to site constraints, pitched chord configurations.
such as a retrofit use.
Note that spliced joists are normally fabricated as
one complete piece in Canam’s shops, and are then
separated for shipment.
In assembling the joist, the erector must “match mates.”
The joist mates will be marked “1L” and “1R” or “2L” and TOP CHORD SINGLE PITCHED UNDERSLUNG
“2R” and so on in addition to regular joist piece marks.
Two dissimilar mates will not fit together properly. The
metal tag for the left half of the spliced joists will be
placed near the bearing end, and this end must
be placed to match the tagged end on the framing plan.
The metal tag for the right half is placed on the left end of
this half, near the splice. TOP CHORD SINGLE PITCHED SQUARE ENDS
SPLICE
TOP CHORD DOUBLE PITCHED UNDERSLUNG
JOIST TOP CHORD

SPLICE CONNECTION
TOP CHORD DOUBLE PITCHED SQUARE ENDS

1”
DUCT OPENINGS
Open web steel joists allow the passage of pipes,
conduits, and ducts through the joist. The specifier shall
JOIST BOTTOM CHORD
clearly show the size and exact location of ducts which
SPLICE CONNECTION
have a fixed location and cannot be field located around
NOTE: the joist webs.
QUANTITY AND ARRANGEMENT OF BOLTS
AND PLATES MAY VARY. To maximize the duct openings in a joist girder, the joist
ALL BOLTS ARE TO BE HIGH STRENGTH. girder can be specified as a “VG” type. By aligning the
(A325 OR A490) vertical web members of the girder with the joists it
supports, the duct opening in the girder, between the
TYP. SPLICE DETAIL
joists, is maximized.
“VG” GIRDER
DUCT
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MAXIMUM DUCT OPENINGS
DIMENSIONS OF FREE OPENINGS FOR VARIOUS JOIST AND JOIST GIRDER CONFIGURATIONS
NOTE: Since dimension P could vary with the final design, final dimensions of free openings should be verified with Canam.
P P P P
D S
S
H R H D R
S
L S
L
WEB CONFIGURATIONS (in.) OPENINGS (in.)

H P D S L R WEB CONFIGURATIONS (in.) OPENINGS (in.)
H P D S L R
JOISTS
8 10 4.5 3.5 2.5 5.5 JOISTS
10 10 6.0 4.5 3.5 7.0 18 24 13.0 10.5 8.0 16.5
12 12 7.5 6.0 4.5 9.0 20 24 14.5 11.5 9.0 18.0
14 12 8.5 7.0 5.0 10.0 22 24 15.5 12.5 9.5 19.0
16 12 9.5 7.5 5.5 11.0 24 24 17.0 13.5 10.0 20.5
18 12 10.5 8.5 6.0 12.0 26 24 17.5 14.0 10.5 21.0
20 12 11.5 9.0 6.0 12.5 28 24 18.5 15.0 11.0 22.0
22 12 12.0 9.5 6.5 13.0 30 24 19.5 15.5 11.0 23.0
24 12 12.5 10.0 6.5 13.5 32 24 20.5 16.5 11.5 23.5
36 24 22.0 17.5 12.0 24.5
40 24 23.5 18.5 12.5 25.5
When duct-opening dimensions exceed the limits above, 44 26 25.0 20.0 13.5 27.5
some web members must be removed. The shear forces 48 28 27.5 22.0 15.0 30.5
are then transferred through the adjacent web members 54 32 31.0 24.5 17.0 34.0
60 36 35.0 28.0 19.5 39.0
of the top and bottom chords. The chords will need to be
reinforced; this will limit the maximum height of the free
opening as well. The maximum opening height should WEB CONFIGURATIONS (in.) OPENINGS (in.)
be limited to the joist depth minus 8” (200 mm). If the H P D S L R
opening height cannot be limited to this value, contact JOIST GIRDERS
Canam. 30 24 17.0 13.5 10.0 20.0
36 24 20.0 16.0 11.0 22.5
Because the shear forces carried by the web members 42 24 22.5 18.0 12.0 24.5
increase along the joist toward the bearing, the location 48 24 24.5 19.5 13.0 26.5
of the duct opening is more critical near the bearings 54 24 26.0 21.0 13.5 27.5
where more shear forces must be transferred through the 60 24 27.5 22.5 14.5 29.0
top and bottom chords. For this reason, the duct-opening
center must be located away from a bearing by a distance
of at least 2.5 times the joist depth. The best location (for
economical reasons) is at the mid span of the joist.
Location must be greater than

2.5 x H
4” min.
4” min.
steel
Corporation
15
ENGINEERING WITH OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS
LOAD / SPAN DESIGN SPECIAL LOADS

As an alternate to a standard joist designation in the load
tables, Canam can design and manufacture a special
“load/span” joist for the exact uniform load requirements. PT. PT.
A load/span joist should be designated as follows: LD. LD.
ddKSPtl/ll ie. 24KSP300/175
dd = depth in inches
tl = total load in plf LIVE LOAD=
ll = live load in plf DEAD LOAD=
Live load deflection will be governed by L/360 for floors
or L/240 for roof unless noted otherwise on the contract
drawings.
A load/span joist can be used for either K, LH or PT.
DLH-Series. LD.
SLOPED JOISTS Canam’s design programs allow for the consideration of

numerous special loading conditions. Where special
loads, such as snow drifting or equipment loads, will
For sloped joists, the load and span shall be defined as be placed on a joist, the loading information can best
outlined below. This allows the use of the load tables for be conveyed by using a load diagram such as the
joists with slopes larger than 1/2 inch per foot. sample shown here.
Span: It is important for the load diagram to clearly indicate
The span of a parallel chord sloped joist shall be defined which point loads are applied at the joist top chord, and
by the length along the slope. Minimum depth, load- which are suspended from the bottom chord. And it is
carrying capacity, and bridging requirements shall be important to clearly locate mechanical loads to avoid
determined by the sloped definition of span. The delays in joist fabrication.
Standard Load Table capacity shall be the component Unless specifically instructed otherwise, it is assumed
normal to the joist. that field added strut angles will be utilized as described
Load: on page 12.
Where the design live load is applied vertically over Canam has two design capabilities which can be used to
the plan length and the design dead load is applied help accommodate variable loading conditions. First, a
vertically over the sloped length, select a joist with joist or girder can be designed with multiple loading
Load-Table capacity = LL*cos2 α + DL*cos α cases. Each element of the joist or girder is then sized to
handle the worst forces generated by any one of the
Canam will automatically design for the component of
loading conditions. For example, a joist may have a case
the load parallel to the joist which acts as a top chord
one which has a uniform snow load and will create the
axial load.
controlling bending moment. Case two might have a
LL
snow drift together with a reduced uniform snow load,
α which may be a more severe condition for shear.
α
A second capability is the ability to design for a traveling
LL * cos 2 α
load. For each element of the joist or girder, the forces
are determined for the most critical location of the load
along the joist length. Traveling loads can be specified as
being at any panel point along the top or bottom chord,
or at ANY point along the top or bottom chord. By
DL α
specifying a traveling load to be applied at ANY point,
α DL * cos α
miscellaneous loads within the specified limit can be
applied at any time during the life of the structure without
the need for reinforcement or field added members.
Canam’s engineering staff can help find solutions for
SP α
AN LOAD-TABLE almost any special loading condition.
CAPACITY
steel
Corporation
16
END MOMENTS
Tie joists (joists at column lines) or joist girders can be In addition to providing the end moment values on
successfully used as part of a moment frame in the the contract drawings, the specifier must give due
structure. The frame analysis shall be performed by consideration to the connections in order to properly
the specifier, and the resultant wind/seismic and continu- develop the end moments. At the joist or girder bottom
ity moments shall be shown on the contract drawings. chord, the connection can be made simply by welding
For purposes of the frame analysis, the moment of iner- the bottom chord directly to the column stabilizer plate
tia of a joist or joist girder can be approximated by the (see Detail B). The typical gap provided between the
formulas on page 50, 73, 76, and 78, respectively, in this bottom chord angles is one inch.
catalog. Detail A shows the suggested method of As shown in Detail C, at the top chord considerable
presenting the moment values, as well as the directions eccentricity will develop if the connection is made at the
in which they will be applied. base of the bearing seat on a typical underslung end. A
moment plate shall be used to allow direct transfer from
the top chord to the column or abutting joist, similar to
Details D and E. The specifier shall show the size of the
plate and the required welds on the contract drawings.
M M M M These moment plates are not included in Canam’s bid,
WL LL LL WL
unless specified otherwise.
DETAIL A
Canam will presume that all continuity moments are P

induced by the live load, and unless otherwise instructed
by the specifier, will presume that no dead load moment e
is present. It is Canam’s standard practice to instruct the
joist erector to complete the connection of the bottom
chords to the columns only after all dead loads are M=Pxe
applied. Thus, the joist will act only as a simply support- DETAIL C
ed truss for the dead load case.
Where end moments have been specified, Canam will
first design the joist or joist girder as a simply supported MOMENT P L TYP.
member with the full gravity loads applied. This ensures (NOT BY CANAM)
adequate strength during construction before the end
moment connection is completed, and also provides
additional redundancy to the structure in the event that
the moment connection is not successfully completed
in the field.
Canam will then apply all the appropriate combinations
of the wind/seismic and continuity moments as a sepa-
rate load case. Each chord and web member in the joist
or joist girder will be designed for the worst condition of DETAIL D
either the simple span or end moment case.
DETAIL B DETAIL E
steel
Corporation
17
STANDING SEAM ROOFS

Where a standing seam roof is attached directly to the
joist top chord, or any other instance where decking will
not provide lateral support on the top chord, Canam
will design a bridging system to provide the required top
chord lateral support, in accordance with the following
specifications of sections 5.8(g) or 104.9(g).
STANDING SEAM
ROOF SYSTEM
Ted Constant Center,

Old Dominion University,
Norfolk, VA
JOIST TOP CHORD
JOISTS LONGER THAN SJI

Canam has the capability to build joists, trusses, and joist girders with spans and depths beyond the limits of the Load
Tables. The DLH-series Load Table extends to depths of 72 inches and spans of 144 feet. Canam can fabricate special
joists with depths of over 10 feet and lengths over 200 feet.
Special consideration is required for these very large joists, and attempting to select a “standard” joist from a load table
may be an over-simplification of the true loading conditions and design requirements. Canam recommends that any joist
that exceeds the range of the DLH-series Load Table be labeled as a special joist with a load diagram provided to allow
accurate design of the joist.
The load diagram should clearly indicate if the joist self weight is included in the design loads, or if the loads shown are
only the superimposed loads to which self weight must be added. Due consideration must also be given to camber, deflec-
tion, bridging or bracing, and erection. Please consult Canam for assistance in specifying these joists.
Canam has extensive experience in providing joists beyond the range of the Load Tables, including these recent projects:
* Ford Field Stadium * Dubuque Riverfront Education

Detroit, MI Dubuque, IA
128 joists - 120 inches deep, 166 feet long, shipped 13 pieces, 168 inches deep bowstring, 150 feet long,
in 2 pieces shipped in 2 pieces
* Ted Constant Convocation Center * Idaho Sports Center
Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA Nampa, ID
17 joists, 168 inches deep, 238 feet long, shipped 11 pieces, 120 inches deep scissors, 175 feet long,
in 3 pieces shipped in 2 pieces
* Belmont University * Palm Beach County Convention Center
Nashville, TN West Palm Beach, FL
20 joists, 170 inches deep, 211 feet long, shipped 179 pieces, 80 inches deep, 150 feet long, shipped
in 3 pieces in 2 pieces
* York High School * Mohegan Sun Podium
Elmhurst, IL Uncasville, CT
37 joists, 120 inches deep, 202 feet long, shipped 43 pieces, 96 inches deep, 166 feet long, shipped
* Jordan Valley Park Expo Center * Angelo State University’s Junell Center
Springfield, MO San Angelo, TX
35 pieces, 96 inches deep, 150 feet long, shipped 33 pieces, 120 inches deep, 224 feet long, shipped
steel
Corporation
18
Junell Center,
San Angelo, TX
Junell Center,
San Angelo, TX
Junell Center,
San Angelo, TX
steel
Corporation
19
SPECIAL SHAPES
• As a minimum, the dimensions and information GABLE JOIST

shown in the sketches must be provided for joists with
special profiles.
• Special shape joists do not to need to have a standard
SJI designation. The load/span method, as described in
this section, can be utilized for special shape joists with
supplementary load diagrams, as shown in the special
loads section.
• For joist lengths over 100 feet, a field bolted splice
will likely be required for shipment in halves or thirds.
Joist depths over 8 feet will require special shippping
arrangements.
• When the total depth of the joist profile reaches 15’-6”,
it cannot be shipped as a unit and some form of SCISSOR JOIST
field assembly will be required. For any joist shipped
in halves, thirds, or pieces, it is critical that the
“match-marked” parts be joined. The parts are not
interchangeable.
• Special consideration should be given to the camber
of special joists, particularly where they are adjacent to
other framing or deck supports. If Canam
is provided with the actual design dead load, special
camber can be provided.
Idaho Sports Center,

Nampa, ID
steel
Corporation
20
SPECIAL SHAPES
• Gable joists are commonly specified as bottom BOWSTRING JOIST
chord bearing, as shown in the sketch. The specifier
should consider the use of the end walls as an
anchorage point for the joist bridging, which is critical
to provide lateral stability.
• Gable joists need not be symmetric. For any double
pitched configuration, an offset ridge can be provided.
• Note that barrel and scissor joists are modeled with
“pin and roller” supports and the truss will deflect
R=
horizontally. The specifier must make provisions to
allow for this horizontal movement. Any special limita-
tions on the amount of allowed horizontal deflection
BARREL JOIST
must be clearly shown on the contract drawings.
• To obtain the most economical design, Canam will
vary the configuration of the joist web members within
the overall profile provided in the sketch on the contract
drawings. If a particular web geometry is required
to create specific openings for mechanical needs,
R=
catwalks, or architectural reasons, these requirements
should be noted with the profile, and specific
R=
dimensions locating the joist panel points should
be provided.
Buckeye Fried Chicken,

Columbus OH
Buckeye Fried Chicken,

Columbus OH
steel
Corporation
21
OSHA HIGHLIGHTS
These pages summarize the key provisions of the revised OSHA steel erection standard, 29 CFR Part 1926.757. The
complete OSHA rule for steel joists is included as an appendix to the Steel Joist Institute Specifications in this publication.
The two most critical elements to the safe erection of steel joists are to limit or eliminate the need to “walk” un-bridged joists,
and to properly and completely install the bridging as soon as possible. Canam advocates erection methods whereby
the erector is not required to “walk” an un-bridged joist to release the hoisting cable. This can be accomplished by using
erection stability bridging, working from a man-lift or other ground support, setting the joists in pre-assembled panels, or
using a self-releasing mechanism on the crane.
JOISTS AT COLUMNS COLUMN JOIST

Joists at column lines, which are not framed in at least STABILITY
two directions by solid web structural steel members,
shall have a field-bolted connection at the joist bearing The OSHA rules require that steel joists at or near
seat. In addition, joists at column lines must also have columns that span 60 feet or less be designed with suffi-
bottom chord extensions (BCX’s). The BCX must extend cient strength to carry the self-weight of the joists and the
to a vertical stabilizer plate. The stabilizer plate is to be a weight of one erector. This allows the hoisting cable to be
minimum size of 6 inches by 6 inches, with 3 inches released without the need for erection stability bridging.
extended below the bottom chord with a 13/16 inch hole It is only possible to meet this column joist requirement if
to provide for a cable attachment. certain conditions are met, and these joists will be identi-
fied with the symbol “OC” on Canam’s framing plans to
Where a steel joist does not lie directly along the column show that they are OSHA column joists. In spite of this
line, the joist nearest the column, on each side of the requirement, Canam advocates alternate erection meth-
column, shall have field-bolted bearing seats. However, ods that allow the hoisting cable to be released without
the bottom chord extensions may be omitted where it is an erector walking an unbridged joist.
not practical to provide them near the column.
For the joists identified as OSHA column joists (“OC”)
Canam will utilize a complex formula to check the erection
ERECTION STABILITY stability. This check will conservatively assume that
bottom chord extensions are not present to allow for the
BRIDGING possibility of column joists that are near, rather than at,
column lines and may not have BCX’s. If the column joist
The “forty foot” rule no longer applies for the requirement of does not initially pass the stability check, Canam will mod-
a bolted diagonal bridging line. The spans in the shaded ify the joist design such that the joist will pass. Typically,
portions of the Load Tables require a row of bolted diagonal this will involve increasing the joist top chord size.
bridging. Note that there are many designations and spans In order for a joist to be considered as an “OC” column
of less than forty feet that are shaded and require a row of joist, it must have standard parallel chords with standard
bolted diagonal bridging. But there are also many designa- under-slung bearing ends, and must have a slope of
tions and spans greater than forty feet which are not 1/4 inch per foot or less. In addition, the erector must
shaded and do not require a bolted diagonal bridging row. secure both ends with two wrench tight bolts (or the
equivalent for ends not at steel frames) and the joist must
be placed plumb and true.
BOLTED BEARING SEATS For sloped, pitched, bottom bearing, or other special
Joists in bays of 40 feet or more shall be fabricated and column joists, it will not be possible to apply the stability
installed with a field-bolted connection from the joist bearing formula and check for erection stability. These column
seat to the steel frame. The bay length is the length from cen- joists will be identified as “DT” joists on Canam’s framing
ter to center of steel supports, or center of steel to face of wall. plans, and will be supplied with a Danger Tag hung on the
An exception to this rule is made for those cases where con- joist to warn the erector that the joist has not been
structibility does not allow the bolted connection, or where designed to support an employee without bridging
multiple joists are pre-assembled and set in panels. installed, and alternate erection methods must be used.
Typically, the field-bolted bearing seat connection will Beyond 60 foot spans, OSHA does not have special
be made with ASTM-A307 bolts in slotted holes and is stability requirements for column joists. Column joists
considered a temporary connection. The final connection that span more that 60 feet should be set in tandem with
should be made by welding or as specified by the project all bridging installed or by the erector’s alternate means
structural engineer of record. of erection.
steel
Corporation
22
OSHA HIGHLIGHTS
BUNDLE SIZES BOTTOM BEARING JOISTS

AND PLACEMENT Bolted diagonal bridging is required over or near the
support for all bottom chord bearing joists. This includes
Bridging bundles shall be limited to 1000 pounds both square-end joists, and cantilever-square-end joists.
maximum. The bridging bundle shall be placed across a
minimum of three joists, within one foot of a secured end
of the joists.
Where Canam supplies metal decking, the deck bundles
shall be limited to 4000 pounds maximum. The deck
bundles should not be placed before the joist ends are
attached and all bridging has been installed, except This is a general summary of the OSHA require-
where the OSHA rule allows the deck bundle to be ments, but is not intended to constitute legal
placed after only one row of bridging is installed and advice. Canam does not assume responsibility for
other special conditions are met. compliance with OSHA requirements.
This is a sample Danger Tag which is hung on joists This block of notes will appear on all of Canam’s
marked “DT” on the drawings. framing plans.
ERECTORS NOTE:
ALL JOISTS IN BAYS WITH CENTER OF STEEL TO CENTER
OF STEEL OR CENTER OF STEEL TO INSIDE FACE OF WALL
OF 40’-0” OR GREATER ARE TO BE BOLTED FOR ERECTION
AT STEEL BEARING ENDS. THIS REQUIREMENT MAY BE
WAIVED UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS. CONSULT THE OSHA
SAFETY STANDARDS FOR SPECIFICS. THE FINAL
CONNECTIONS ARE TO BE WELDED AS INDICATED ON
THESE DRAWINGS.
- COLUMN JOIST OR JOIST NEAR A COLUMN DESIGNATED

AS (OC), SHALL NOT BE RELEASED FROM THE HOISTING
LINE UNTIL THE JOIST IS DETERMINED TO BE PLUMB
AND TRUE AND EACH END IS SECURED WITH AT LEAST
TWO BOLTS OF THE SAME SIZE AND STRENGTH AS SHOWN
ON THESE DRAWINGS, DRAWN UP WRENCH TIGHT OR
EQUIVALENT.
- IF A COLUMN JOIST IN BAYS 60’-0” OR LESS IS

DESIGNATED AS (DT):
* THIS JOIST HAS NOT BEEN DESIGNED TO
SUPPORT AN EMPLOYEE WITHOUT BRIDGING
INSTALLED.
* THIS JOIST IS NOT AN OSHA JOIST DESIGNED
FOR STABILITY PER SUBPART R 1926.757 (3)
DUE TO ITS SPECIAL PROFILE OR SLOPED
CONDITION.
* SPECIAL ERECTION METHODS MUST BE
INCORPORATED.
* DO NOT ALLOW EMPLOYEES ON THIS JOIST
UNTIL ADEQUATELY STABILIZED.
CONSULT THE OSHA SAFETY STANDARDS FOR SPECIFICS.
- IN BAYS GREATER THAN 60’-0”, JOIST AT OR NEAR

COLUMNS SHALL BE ERECTED IN TANDEM (PAIR) WITH AN
ADJACENT JOIST. ALL BRIDGING MUST BE INSTALLED
BEFORE LIFTING AND THE PAIR OF JOISTS MUST BE
SECURED TO THEIR SUPPORT BEFORE RELEASING THE
HOISTING LINE. THIS REQUIREMENT MAY BE WAIVED UNDER
CERTAIN CONDITIONS. CONSULT THE OSHA SAFETY
STANDARDS FOR SPECIFICS.
steel
Corporation
23
FLOOR VIBRATION
Floor vibration has become a structural design issue due because of the relative lack of stiffness of such a bearing
to the increased use of longer spans, more open areas seat. The beam span is 24’-0’’ (7 315 mm) with joists
and lighter floor systems. The building structural bearing from both sides and acts as a single span.
designer must analyze floor vibration and its effect on the The floor is made of a 4’’ (100 mm) concrete slab, includ-
building end users and specify the proper characteristics ing the 1 1/2’’ (38 mm) steel deck profile. The loads are
to reduce vibration. as follows:
The behavior of two-way flooring systems has been Structural steel 5 psf (0.24 kPa)
studied using models and in-situ testing. Several Steel joists 4 psf (0.19 kPa)
simplified equations to predict floor behavior and
Deck-slab of 100 mm 38 psf (1.82 kPa)
damping values for walking induced vibration have been
established according to the type of wall partitions and Ceiling, mechanical & floor finish 10 psf (0.48 kPa)
floor finishes. These equations are now part of Steel Partitions 20 psf (0.96 kPa)
Design Guide #11, jointly published by the American and DEAD LOAD TOTAL 77 psf (3.69 kPa)
Canadian Institutes of Steel Construction in 1997. This LIVE LOAD 50 psf (2.40 kPa)
guide covers different types of floor vibrations and is one
From the SJI K-Series load table, select a joist with
of the main references on the subject.
a 30’-0’’ span to support the following loads:
The formulas shown in Steel Design Guide #11 allow the
w = 4’ x (72 + 50) = 488 plf
user to define the vibration characteristics of a floor
system: the initial acceleration produced by a heel drop A joist with a 20K10 designation will support 533 plf for
and the natural frequency of the system. These two a 30’-0’’ span and a uniform load of 336 plf will produce
parameters allow the designer to verify if the floor system a deflection equal to the span of 360 which is fine since
will produce vertical oscillations in resonance with the live load is 200 plf.
rhythmic human activities or with enough amplitude to By reducing the simple span deflection formula under
disturb other occupants. uniform load for span/360, we obtain the following
The amplitude of the vibrations will decay according to approximation of the moment of inertia:
the type of partitions, ceiling suspensions, and floor Ijoist = W360 x (span)3 / 38,000, where
finish. The decay rate will also influence the sensitivity of Ijoist = moment of inertia in in.4
the occupants.
w360 = uniform load producing a deflection equal to span / 360 in. plf
Information about the use and architectural finishes of a Span = span of joist in feet
building is not readily available to the joist supplier. The
joist supplier usually receives only the floor drawings and Ijoist = 336 x (30)3 / 38,000 = 238 in.4
general joist specifications and designation. This is the The center of gravity of the joist steel cross section can
information that is used for joist design. be assumed to be at mid depth.
Furthermore, when a project structural engineer has Ajoist chords = Ijoist / (depth / 2)2 = 2.38 in.2
predetermined the design of a joist including spacing, The beam can be chosen from the AISC selection tables
depth, span, bearing support, and dead loads, the joist as W18 x 60 with Fy = 50 ksi and a moment of inertia
design alone cannot be easily modified to reduce floor of 984 in.4.
vibration induced by walking below the annoyance
threshold for the other occupants. ALTERNATE 1:
The following example of this situation is for office floors If a slab of 5’’ instead of 4’’ is used, the dead load increas-
where the annoyance threshold is defined as a floor es and the size of the joists and beams may also
acceleration of 0.5% of the gravity acceleration and with increase.
enough partitions to provide moderate damping. For Structural steel 5 psf (0.24 kPa)
floors in a shopping mall, the threshold would be an Steel joists 4 psf (0.19 kPa)
acceleration of 1.5% of the gravity acceleration. This Deck-slab of 5” 50 psf (2.40 kPa)
higher threshold means that the occupants are less Ceiling, mechanical & floor finish 10 psf (0.48 kPa)
disturbed by vibrations produced by walking loads. Partitions 20 psf (0.96 kPa)
TYPICAL OFFICE FLOOR INITIAL DESIGN: DEAD LOAD TOTAL 89 psf (4.27 kPa)
In the example, the floor area is 90’ by 96’, the joists have LIVE LOAD 50 psf (2.40 kPa)
a 30’-0’’ (9 150 mm) span, a 20’’ (approx. 500 mm) depth,
From the SJI K-Series load table, select a joist with
and are spaced at 4’-0’’ (1 220 mm) on center. The joists
a 30’-0’’ span to support the following loads:
are bearing on beams at both ends on 2 1/2’’ (65 mm)
deep seats. The assumption is that the beams will be w = 4’ x (84 + 50) = 536 plf
only partially composite for vibration calculations
steel
Corporation
24
FLOOR VIBRATION
The same 20K10 joist will work for a 30’-0’’ and the ALTERNATE 3:
properties will be the same. Combining the changes of alternates 1 and 2, we
Ijoist = 336 x (30)3 / 38,000 = 238 in.4 evaluate a 5’’ slab on 20K10 joists spaced at 2’-0”
on center.
Ajoist chords = Ijoist / (depth / 2)2 = 2.38 in.2
Using the data of those 4 conditions, with the proposed
This time, the beam chosen from the AISC selection equations of Steel Design Guide #11 and considering
tables is W18 x 65 with Fy = 50 ksi and a moment of an open floor even if the structure is designed for a
inertia of 1,070 in.4. possible partition load, we obtain the vibration properties
ALTERNATE 2: shown in the comparison table below:
Starting from the base example, consider that the
structural engineer of the building clearly indicates that
the size of the joists should be doubled to reduce floor
vibration. Since there are no standard K-Series joists with
the same depth that are twice the size of a 20K10, we
will double up the joists by spacing the 20K10 joists
at 2’ on center.
COMPARISON OF VARIOUS ARRANGEMENTS
PARAMETERS INITIAL ALTERNATE 1 ALTERNATE 2 ALTERNATE 3

DESIGN INCREASED DOUBLE JOIST DOUBLE JOIST
THICKNESS OF SAME SIZE OF SAME SIZE
OF SLAB AND INCREASED
THICKNESS OF SLAB
Peak acceleration ao with open floor (% g) 1.11% 0.87% 0.81% 0.65%

Peak acceleration ao with some partitions (% g) 0.74% 0.58% 0.54% 0.44%
Peak acceleration ao with full height partitions (% g) 0.44% 0.35% 0.32% 0.26%
System frequency f (Hz) 4.7 4.6 5.1 5.2
Joist length (ft.) 30’-0” 30’-0” 30’-0” 30’-0”
Joist depth (in.) 20 20 20 20
Joist spacing (ft.) 4’-0” 4’-0” 2’-0” 2’-0”
Joist moment of inertia (steel) (in.4) 238 238 238 238
Deck depth (in.) 1.5” 1.5” 1.5” 1.5”
Slab-deck thickness (in.) 4” 5” 4” 5”
Slab-deck-joist dead weight (psf) 38 50 38 50
Additional participating load (psf) 20 20 20 20
Beam size W18 x 60 W18 x 65 W18 x 60 W18 x 65
Beam span (ft.) 24’-0” 24’-0” 24’-0” 24’-0”
This comparison shows that the vibration characteristics improve by adding dead weight or by doubling the joists.
One must note that the alternates 1 and 2 used did not sufficiently improve the vibration properties of the floor to lower
their amplitude to below the annoyance threshold for offices. Additional calculations shown as alternate 3 indicate that using
a 5’’ deck-slab with a 100% increase in the joist sections would lower the peak acceleration to below the annoyance
threshold of 0.5% of g.
The building designer controls the main parameters affecting floor vibration characteristics and he or she must make
the vibration calculations to find an economical solution. The information supplied in this catalog will allow the structural
engineer to evaluate the vibration properties of the floor joists during the initial design.
The project structural engineer should always specify the proper slab thickness and the minimum moment of inertia
of the steel joists to have a floor with vibration characteristics below the annoyance threshold based on the type of
occupancy. The joist designer will then verify conformance to the minimum moment of inertia required by the building
designer for the joists.
steel
Corporation
25
JOIST SUBSTITUTES
The Steel Joist Institute has introduced a joist substitute
JOIST SUBSTITUTES
series, the 2.5K series. SJI load tables and specifications
can be found on page 37 of this catalog. Joist substitutes 2.5K1 2.5K2 2.5K3
are intended to be used for relatively short spans. It is S (in.3) 0.600 0.834 1.200
more economical to use joist substitutes rather than joists Mr (k-ft.) 1.50 2.09 3.00
for spans of 10 feet and under. Canam has extended the I (in.4) 0.800 1.103 1.502
load tables to allow the specifier to make proper selection Span (ft.) ALLOWABLE LOADS (plf)
of joist substitutes. Joist substitutes are solid members
4’ 550 550 550
made of angles, channels, or tube steel.
5’ 550 / 338 550 / 465 550
6’ 374 / 189 519 / 260 550 / 354
7’ 270 / 116 375 / 160 540 / 218
8’ 204 / 76 284 / 105 408 / 143
9’ 222 / 73 319 / 99
10’ 256 / 71
The figures in red represent the maximum live load to
create a L/360 deflection. If L/240 is acceptable, these
figures can be multiplied by 1.5.
SPAN
2” DESIGN SPAN 2”
2 1/2” U.N.O.
4” MIN ON MASONRY
2 1/2” MIN ON STEEL
Joist substitutes can be used in many conditions. They can be used in combination with LH-Series joists. In these cases,
a deeper joist substitute will be supplied or seats will be installed on a regular 2 1/2” deep section as shown below.
5”
Joist substitutes can be used on sloping roofs. Seat depth for sloped joist substitutes should be selected as per the table
on page 13 of this catalog.
steel
Corporation
26
OUTRIGGERS AND EXTENSIONS

Joist substitutes are often used at building edges to OUTRIGGERS AND EXTENSIONS
create overhangs. Careful attention must be paid to the
cantilever part in selecting the proper section. The deflec- 2.5K1 2.5K2 2.5K3
tion at the end will depend greatly of the loading condition S (in.3) 0.600 0.834 1.200
of the back span. Canam does not recommend an exten- Mr (k-ft.) 1.50 2.09 3.00
sion length that will be greater than the back span. I (in.4) 0.800 1.103 1.502
Cantilever (ft.) ALLOWABLE LOADS (plf)
2’ 550 550 550
2’-6” 480 550 550
3’ 333 463 550
3’-6” 245 341 490
4’ 188 261 375
Back span Cantilever 4’-6” 206 296
5’ 240
HEADERS
Headers are to be used when an opening larger than the joist spacing is required. It is important for the specifier to
provide the magnitude of the load acting on the header as well as the loads created by the header on its
supporting members.
Loads X, Y, Z
must be provided
by the specifier.
Z KIPS
A A
X KIPS Y KIPS X KIPS
B
HEADER
SECTION A-A
JOIST
SECTION B-B
steel
Corporation
27
DESIGN ECONOMY
There are many factors that influence the most L

economical joist and joist girder selections for a
given project. Please contact any of Canam’s
sales representatives for assistance in evaluating GIRDER
or comparing design options on your project.
The K-Series Economy Table, beginning on
page 57, and the new and improved Joist Girder
Weight Tables, beginning on page 86, can be
used as an aid in making selections for
individual spans. Please be aware that the
economy table is based solely on the theoretical
1.5 x L
JOISTS
weight of the joists, and does not reflect the
labor and other expenses that would be involved
in fabricating and shipping the joists.
A number of other items for consideration
regarding design economy are offered on these
pages.
• “Deeper is Cheaper”. For a given span and
load, a deeper joist or girder will be lighter GIRDER
and cheaper. Take advantage of the available
headroom and clearance.
• An optimal rectangular bay will typically have a
• Try to use wider joist spacings. While a five foot
ratio of joist to joist girder span of about 1.5.
joist spacing is very common for roofs, the
limitations of the deck and other requirements, • Canam manufactures joists by depth. Changing
such as Factory Mutual, can often be met with a chord sizes and maintaining one depth is
spacing of five to six feet that results in one less cheaper than using many depths. For example,
joist per bay. in a skewed bay, each joist is a different length
and could be a different depth. Consider
• A “load-span” design (see page 16) is more
maintaining the typical depth halfway into the
economical than a standard “catalog” joist.
skewed corner, then change the joist depth one
Likewise, a special design joist for a particular
time for the shorter spans, and use joist subs in
load diagram is cheaper than double joists or
the corner.
KCS-series joists.
• A joist outside the red-shaded portion of the load
• Use joist girders rather than wide flange beams.
tables, which will use only horizontal bridging,
For typical loadings and configurations, a joist
will be less expensive than a joist in the
girder will be deeper, and hence lighter, than a
red-shaded area that requires a row of bolted
wide flange beam, while still allowing openings
diagonal bridging.
for electrical, mechanical, and fire protection
penetrations. • Provide moment plates or strap angles for axial
load and end moment transfer at the joist or joist
• Use joist substitutes for all joist spans under
girder bearing seats.
ten feet long.
• Limit the thickness of welded connections to
• For rectangular bays, it is generally better to run
steel joists by increasing the length of weld
the joists in the long direction and the girders
where necessary. Thicker welds may require the
in the short direction.
thickness of certain joist elements to be
increased just to match the weld thickness.
steel
Corporation
28
DESIGN ECONOMY
• For a K-series joist, a 2-1/2 inch deep seat is

most economical, but other seat depths are
readily available. It may be more economical to
mix LH-series and K-series joists with five inch
deep seats than to specify all LH-series joists
just to establish a five inch bearing seat depth.
• By default, joist top chord extensions are
designed for the same uniform load given in the
Load Tables for the designation and span.
Where the load capacity approaches the
K-series maximum of 550 plf, the selected joist
may conservatively have excess capacity.
However, designing a long top chord extension
for a load approaching 550 plf may be difficult
to accomplish, and it is recommended in these
cases that the top chord extension load tables
be used, and a specific “S” or “R” type extension
be specified.
• Extra joist load carrying capacity is cheaper than
field reinforcement for additional loads later on. • For over-sized joist spans and depths, keep the
Any field reinforcement is likely to cost more following shipping restrictions in mind:
than the cost of the entire original joist.
Lengths of over 50 feet require special
• Bolted bearing seats as required by OSHA for permits in some states.
bays of 40 feet and longer cost money. The
expense of the holes can be avoided with any Lengths of over 60 feet require escorts in
bay length less than forty feet, or by panelizing some states.
the joists for erection. Lengths in excess of 100 feet require a field
• Un-painted joists cost less than painted joists. bolted splice to allow shipment in two halves.
• Avoid joist load diagrams that depict joist web Overall depths of up to 8’-6 can ship as a
members unless a specific joist geometry standard load.
is required. The joist design will be most Beyond 8’-6, special permits and/or escorts
economical when the joist manufacturer is free may be required in some states.
to configure the joist webs.
An overall depth of more than 15’-6 becomes
• A bowstring joist, with only the top chord impossible to ship, and a “piggyback” joist
roll-formed, is considerably cheaper than a configuration must be used.
barrel joist with both chords roll-formed.
DOUBLE-PITCHED
“CAP”
TRIPLE-PITCHED
0”
JOIST
PIGGY-BACK TRUSS
steel
Corporation
29
OPEN WEB, LONGSPAN, AND DEEP LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS, AND JOIST GIRDERS
2002 REVISIONS
Page Section Change

General General Revisions Introduced For Conformance to OSHA 29 CFR Part §1926.757
31 History Added 2002 Paragraph
32 Publications Revised Pricing. Added Technical Digest #11, The 75-Year Manual, Specifying Steel
Joists with LRFD, and the SJI Video for the Safe Erection of Steel Joists.
LRFD Removed one page Conversion Method (Refer to SJI GUIDE for Specifying Steel
Joists with LRFD)
33 Fire-Resistance Updated listing of Assemblies Ratings
37 Joist Substitutes Added section on Joist Substitutes.
40 Section 2. Revised definition for “Yield Strength” to agree with ASTM A370.
40 Section 3.1 Revised materials listing to conform with 2001 ASTM Specifications.
40 Section 3.2 Updated ASTM materials listing
41 Section 3.3 Paint – revised wording.
41 Section 4.2(b) Added wording for crimped, first primary compression web.
46 Section 5.6(a) & (b) Revised wording to conform to OSHA standard.
46 Section 5.8(g) New paragraph for using joists with Standing Seam Roofing (SSR).
47 Section 5.13 New Section
48 Section 6.(a)(1) Revised to require bolts used in bolted seat connection to be tightened to a minimum
snug tight condition.
63 Section 102.1 Revised Materials listing to conform with 2001 ASTM Specifications.
63 Section 102.2 Updated ASTM Material listings.
64 Section 102.3 Updated AWS electrode listing.
64 Section 102.4 Paint – revised wording.
65 Section 103.2(d) Updated AWS electrode listing.
70 Section 104.9(g) New paragraph for using joists with Standing Seam Roofing (SSR).
71 Section 104.14 New Section
71 Section 105.(A)(1) Revised to require bolts used in bolted seat connection to be tightened to a minimum
snug tight condition.
78 JG Introduction Revised all Joist Girder seat depths to 7¹⁄₂ inches.
79 Section 1002.1 Revised Materials listing to conform with 2001 ASTM Specifications.
79 Section 1002.2 Updated ASTM Material listings.
80 Section 1002.3 Updated AWS electrode listing.
80 Section 1002.4 Paint – Revised wording.
81 Section 1003.2(d) Updated AWS electrode listing.
104 References New
105 Appendix “A” New - Steel Joist Institute “Bay Length Definitions”
107 Appendix “B” New - OSHA Steel Erection Standard 29 CFR Part 1926, Safety Standards for Steel
Erection, Paragraph §1926.757 Open Web Steel Joists.
111 Appendix “C” New - OSHA Appendix “C” Illustrations of Terminus Points.
30
THE STEEL JOIST INSTITUTE
1966 – Development and introduction by the SJI and

HISTORY AISC of the LJ-Series joists, which replaced the
Formed five years after the first open web steel joist was LA-Series Joists. Also, the development of a single
manufactured, the Institute has worked since 1928 to specification for both the LJ- and the LH-Series joists,
maintain sound engineering practice throughout our with the use of 36,000 psi minimum yield strength steel
industry. As a non-profit organization of active manufac- for the LJ-Series, and 36,000 psi to 50,000 psi minimum
turers, the Institute cooperates with governmental and yield strength steel for the LH-Series.
business agencies to establish steel joist standards. 1970 – Introduction of the LH- and DLH-Series joists
Continuing research and updating are included in to include depths through 72 inches and spans through
its work. 144 feet.
The first joist in 1923 was a Warren truss type, with top 1971 – Elimination of the number 2 chord sizes and
and bottom chords of round bars and a web formed from the addition of joist designations 8J3 and 8H3 to the
a single continuous bent bar. Various other types were load tables.
developed, but problems also followed because each 1972 (a) Adoption by the SJI and AISC of a single
manufacturer had his own design and fabrication specification for the LJ-, LH-, DLJ-, and DLH-Series
standards. Architects, engineers and builders found it joists.
difficult to compare rated capacities and to use fully the
economies of steel joist construction. (b) Adoption by the SJI and AISC of the expand-
ed specifications and load tables for the Open Web steel
Members of the industry began to organize the Institute, joists which increased the depths through 30 inches, and
and in 1928 the first standard specifications were the spans through 60 feet, plus adding chord sections
adopted, followed in 1929 by the first load table. The 9,10, & 11.
joists covered by these early standards were later
identified as open web steel joists, SJ-Series. 1978 (a) Elimination of the J-, LJ-, and DLJ-Series
joists because of the widespread acceptance of high
Other landmark adoptions by the Institute include the strength steel joists.
following:
(b) Introduction of joist girders, complete with
1953 – Introduction of Longspan steel joists, L-Series. specifications and weight tables, in response to the
Specifications and a standard load table, covering spans growing need for longer span primary structural mem-
through 96 feet and depths through 48 inches, were bers with highly efficient use of steel.
jointly approved with the American Institute of Steel
Construction. 1986 – Introduction of the K-Series joists, which replaced
the H-Series joists. The reasons for developing the
1959 – Introduction of the S-Series joists, which replaced K-Series joists were (1) to achieve greater economies by
the SJ- Series joists. The allowable tensile stress was utilizing the Load Span design concept; (2) To meet the
increased from 18,000 to 20,000 psi, joist depths were demand for roofs with lighter loads at depths from 18
expanded through 24 inches, and spans increased inches to 30 inches; (3) To offer joists whose load carry-
through 48 feet. ing capacities at frequently used spans are those most
1961 (a) Introduction of the J-Series joists, which commonly required; (4) To eliminate the very heavy joists
replaced the S-Series joists. The allowable tensile stress in medium depths for which there was little, if
was increased from 20,000 psi to 22,000 psi, based on the any, demand.
use of steel with a minimum yield strength of 36,000 psi. 1994 (a) Introduced the “KCS” joists to the K-Series in
(b) Introduction of the LA-Series joists, which response to the need for a joist with a constant moment
replaced the L-Series joists. The LA-Series Joists and constant shear. The “KCS” Joist is an alternative joist
allowed a tensile stress of either 20,000 psi or 22,000 psi, to be used in special loading conditions.
depending on the yield strength of the steel. (b) Addition of metric nomenclature for all joist
(c) Introduction of the H-Series joists, whose and joist girder Series in compliance with government
design was based on steel with a minimum yield strength and industry standards.
of 50,000 psi, and an allowable tensile stress of 30,000 psi. (c) Addition of revised stability criteria.
1962 – Introduction of the LH-Series joists, utilizing steel 2002 (a) Introduced joist substitutes.
whose minimum yield strength was between 36,000 psi
and 50,000 psi. (b) K, LH/DLH and joist girder specifications
approved as American National Standards (ANS).
1965 – Development of a single specification for both the
J- and H- Series joists by the Steel Joist Institute and (c) Revisions to K-Series Section 6., LH/DLH
the American Institute of Steel Construction. Section 105 and Code of Standard Practice for Confor-
mance to OSHA Steel Erection Standard §1926.757.
31
THE STEEL JOIST INSTITUTE
(d) Addition of Standing Seam Roof Specification – SERVICES TO NONMEMBERS

K-Series Section 5.8(g) and Longspan Section 104.9(g). The Institute’s facilities for checking the design of K-, LH-,
(e) Addition of Definition for Parallel Chord Sloped and DLH-Series Joists or Joist Girders are available on a
Joists – K-Series Section 5.13 and Longspan Series cost basis.
Section 104.14. The Steel Joist Institute does not check joist designs for
specific construction projects. Fabrication to Institute
POLICY Specifications is the responsibility of the individual manu-
facturer.
The manufacturers of any standard SJI Products shall be
required to submit design data for verification of compli- STEEL JOIST INSTITUTE PUBLICATIONS
ance with Steel Joist Institute Specifications, undergo
physical design verification tests (on K-Series only), and PREPAYMENT IS REQUIRED
undergo an initial plant inspection and subsequent A. Catalogue of Standard Specifications, Load
in-plant inspections for all products on which they wish to Tables and Weight Tables for Steel Joists and Joist
be certified. Girders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20.00
SJI member companies complying with the above B. The following TECHNICAL DIGESTS are also avail-
conditions shall be licensed to publish the appropriate able from the Institute:
copyrighted SJI Specifications and Load Tables.
#3 Structural Design of Steel Joist Roofs to Resist
MEMBERSHIP PONDING LOADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $15.00
#5 VIBRATION of Steel Joist – Concrete Slab
Open to manufacturers who produce, on a continuing Floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $15.00
basis, joists of the K-, LH/DLH-Series, and/or joist
girders, conforming to the Institute’s Specifications and #6 Structural Design of Steel Joist Roofs to Resist
Load Tables. Membership requirements differ as UPLIFT LOADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $15.00
described below. #8 WELDING of Open Web Steel Joists . . $15.00
APPLICANTS BASED ON K-SERIES JOISTS #9 HANDLING AND ERECTION of Steel Joists
The Institute’s Consulting Engineer verifies that designs and Joist Girders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $15.00
conform to the Institute’s Specifications and Load Tables. #11 Design of JOIST GIRDER FRAMES. . . $15.00
This comprises an examination of: (1) Complete engi-
(Set of Digests #3, #5, #6, #8, #9, & #11) . . . .
neering design details and calculations of all K-Series
$75.00
joists, bridging and accessories for which standards have
been adopted; (2) Data obtained from physical tests of a C. 75-Year Steel Joist Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 75.00
limited number of joists, conducted by an independent D. Computer Vibration Program . . . . . . . . . . . $125.00
laboratory, to verify conclusions from analysis of the E SJI Video #1 – Introduction to Steel Joists . . $35.00
applicant’s engineering design details and calculations.
F. Specifying Steel Joists With LRFD. . . . . . . . $15.00
An initial plant inspection and subsequent periodic inspec-
tions are required to ensure that the applicant/member G. SJI Video #2 – The SAFE ERECTION of Steel Joists
possesses the facilities, equipment and personnel and Joist Girders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $125.00
required to properly fabricate the K-Series Joists. [All prices include handling, plus either U.P.S. or 1st Class
APPLICANTS BASED ON LH- OR DLH-SERIES postage within the United States and its Possessions]
JOISTS OR JOIST GIRDERS For shipping outside USA please add $15.00 for
Designs are checked by the Consulting Engineer. shipping and handling.
Periodic in-plant inspections (but no physical tests) Visit the SJI Web Site at <steeljoist.org> for a complete
are required. listing of SJI publications and a copy of the standard
RESPONSIBILITY FOR PRODUCT QUALITY order form.
The plant inspections are not a guaranty of the quality of Send check or money order (U.S. currency only) payable
any specific joists or Joist Girders; this responsibility lies to:
fully and solely with the individual manufacturer.
Steel Joist Institute
3127 10th Avenue North
Myrtle Beach, SC 29577-6760
Phone 843.626.1995
FAX 843.626.5565
32
FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS WITH STEEL JOISTS
Hundreds of fire tests on steel joist-supported assemblies The following procedure may be used to substitute the
have been conducted at nationally recognized testing proper K-Series joist for any S-, J-, and/or H-Series joist
laboratories in accordance with ASTM Standard E119, listed in a U.L. design assembly.
ANSI A2.1/UL 263, and NFPA 251. Because of practical 1. Determine the uniform load per foot the joist is
loading restrictions and limitations of furnace dimensions, required to support.
the vast majority of these tests were run using lightweight
joists – normally from 8 inches to 14 inches deep. This 2. Select a design from the U.L. “Fire Resistance
practice was advantageous in that it established the Directory” that matches the building construction and
minimum acceptable joists at the shallow and lightweight has the required fire rating.
end of the joist load tables. 3. a) Floor Assemblies: x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
The specified minimum size joist as listed in Adjust the design load per foot calculated in
Underwriters Laboratories (U.L.) Fire Resistance step #1 for any required reduction in stress level
Designs is the joist which combines the required by multiplying the load by a factor of 30 ksi
minimum depth and minimum weight per foot. Joists, of (207MPa) divided by the specified stress level,
the same series, which meet, or exceed the specified i.e. [30/24 (207/165), 30/22 (207/152) etc.].
minimums may be used provided the accessories are b) Roof Assemblies: x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
compatible. The dimension from the bottom chord of Adjust the design load per foot calculated in
joists to the ceiling, whether given or calculated, is step #1 by multiplying by the factor of 30/26
a minimum. (207/179), or a greater factor if the particular
K-Series Joists, LH Series joists and joist girders assembly design requires a lessor stress level.
specified in floor- or roof-ceiling assemblies, shall be 4. Enter the K-Series Economy Table and select the
designed and manufactured in accordance with the Steel proper joist for the calculated load requirement.
Joist Institute’s Specifications adopted November 4, 5. Insure that the K-Series joist selected has a depth
1985, revised to May 1, 2000. and load table weight per foot equal to, or greater
Many of U.L.’s Fire Rated Assemblies now specifically list than, the S-, J- and/or H-Series joist listed in the
K-Series joists. When a K-Series joist is specified in a U.L. Design. Joists used in roof assemblies must
particular U.L. assembly the K-Series joist shall have its have a minimum depth of 10 inches (254 mm).
design stress limited only if the assembly specifically So that the proper K-Series joist can be selected for
limits the design stress of the K-Series joist. U.L. Designs not presently containing a K-Series
K-Series joists may be substituted for S-, J-, and/or designation the weights of various S-, J-, and H-Series
H-Series joists specified in U.L. floor-, or roof-ceiling joists used in the U.L. Fire Resistance Designs are
designs as follows: listed below:
Floor-Ceiling Assemblies:
Load Table Load Table
K-Series steel joists of equal or greater depth Joist Joist
Weight Weight
weight per foot may be substituted for any S-, J-, Designation Designation
lbs./ft. lbs./ft.
and/or H-Series Joist in any floor-ceiling design 8S2 4.0 14J5 7.3
which employs a structural concrete floor and 10S3 5.0 14J7 9.7
suspended membrane ceiling.
Roof-Ceiling Assemblies: 8J2 4.2 8H2 4.2
K-Series steel joists of equal or greater depth and 10J2 4.2 8H3 5.0
weight per foot may be substituted for any S-, J-, 10J3 4.8 10H2 4.2
and/or H-Series Joists in any roof-ceiling design with 10J4 6.0 10H3 5.0
the following restrictions: 12J2 4.5 10H4 6.1
a) Minimum Nominal Depth = 10 inches (254 mm) 12J3 5.1 12H4 6.2
b) Maximum Tensile Stress = 26 KSI (179 MPa) 12J4 6.0 12H5 7.1
12J5 7.0
Any stress limitation specified in a U.L. floor or roof fire
rated assembly containing S, J and/or H Series Joists 12J6 8.1
shall remain applicable when a K-Series joist is
substituted. Also, certain U.L. assembly designs contain
restrictions regarding minimum allowable joist member
sizes, areas of steel, and/or bridging material sizes.
These restrictions remain applicable when a K-Series
Joist is substituted and it is the responsibility of the
specifying professional to list all such restrictions on
the contract drawings.
33
FLOOR-CEILING ASSEMBLIES WITH MEMBRANE PROTECTION
CONCRETE FLOOR
FORM DECK
STEEL JOIST
MEMBRANE
PROTECTION
Primary Support
Restrained Type of Concrete Minimum Maximum Member U. L.
Assembly Protection Joist Size Joist Spacing Min. Depth & Wt. Design
Rating System Thickness See Note #3 & #4 See Note #2 See Note #3 Number
Above Deck Type
20G @14.0 plf.
NW 10K1 72" Min. Area Top & G256
Exposed 2 1/2 " Bottom Chord
1 Hr. 1.12 Sq. Inch
Grid
LW, NW 12K1, 18LH02 Unrestricted ---
D216
Exposed 2 1/2 " NW 10K1 48" 20G @13.0 plf. G228

Grid 2" NW 10K1 48" 20G @13.0 plf. G229
2 1/2 " NW 10K1 48" 20G @13.0 plf. G243
Gypsum Brd. 2" LW, NW 12K1 48" ---- G502
1 1/2 Hr.
2 1/2 " LW, NW 16K6 Unrestricted 20G @20.0 plf. G701
Cementitious Min. 3/4" dia. web
Sprayed 2 1/2 " LW, NW 16K6 Unrestricted 20G @20.0 plf. G801
Fiber Min. 3/4" dia. web
Concealed 2 1/4" NW 10K1 48" 20G @13.0 plf. G023

Grid 2 1/2" NW 8K1, 10K1 48" 20G @13.0 plf. G031
2 1/2" NW 10K1 48" 20G @13.0 plf. G036
NW 10K1 48" W6x12 G213
NW 10K1 48" W8x31 G227
Exposed 2 1/2 " NW 10K1 48" 20G @13.0 plf. G228
Grid NW 10K1 48" 20G @13.0 plf. G243
NW 10K1 72" 20G @14.0 plf. G256
Min. Area Top &
Bottom Chord
1.12 Sq. inch
LW, NW 12K1, 18LH02 Unrestricted ---- D216
2 Hr. 2" NW 10K1 48" ---- G505
20G @14.0 plf.
NW 10K1 48" Min. Area Top & G514
Gypsum Bottom Chord
Board 1.12 Sq. inch
2 1/2"
NW 10K1 48" 20G @ 13.0 plf. G253
LW,NW 10K1 48" 20G @ 13.0 plf. G529
NW 12K1 Unrestricted 20G @ 20.0 plf. D502
16K6
Cementitious 2 1/2" LW, NW Unrestricted 20G @ 20.0 plf. D701
Min. 3/4" dia. web
Sprayed 16K6
2 1/2" LW, NW Unrestricted 20G @ 20.0 plf. D801
Fiber Min.3/4" dia. web
Concealed 3 1/2" NW 10K1 48" 20G @ 13.0 plf. G033

Grid 3 1/2" NW 10K1 48" 20G @ 13.0 plf. G036
3 1/2" NW 10K1 48" W6x12 G213
3 Hr. 3 1/2" NW 10K1 48" 20G @ 13.0 plf. G229

Exposed
Grid NW 10K1 48" 20G @14.0 plf. G256
Min. Area Top &
3 1/2" Bottom Chord
1.12 Sq. inch
NW 12K1, 18LH02 Unrestricted ---- D216
Gypsum 3" NW 10K1 48" 20 G @ 13.0 plf. G523
Board 2 3/4" LW, NW 10K1 48" 20 G @ 13.0 plf G529
34
ROOF-CEILING ASSEMBLIES WITH MEMBRANE PROTECTION
ROOF COVERING ROOF COVERING
RIGID INSULATION RIGID INSULATION
ROOF DECK ROOF DECK
STEEL JOIST STEEL JOIST
MEMBRANE MEMBRANE
PROTECTION PROTECTION
Primary Support
Restrained Type of Built Up Roof Minimum Maximum U. L. Design
Member
Assembly Protection Joist Size Joist Spacing Number
Rating System Type of Metal Deck Min. Depth & Wt.
See Note #3 & #4
Insulation Min. Size See Note #3
26 Ga. 10K1 48" 20G @ 20.00 plf. P211
22 Ga. 12K3 72" 20G @ 13.0 plf. or P214
28 Ga. 12K3 48" W8x18
Rigid 22 Ga. 12K1 72" 20G P225
Insulation
24 Ga. 12K3 48" ----- P227
26 Ga. 12K3 72" 20G P230
1 Hr. Exposed 26 Ga. 12K5 or 14K4 48" W6x12 P250

Grid
22 Ga. 10K1 72" W6x12 P254
20G @ 14.0 plf.
26 Ga. Min. Area Top &
12K1 72" P231
Bottom Chord
1.12 Sq. Inch
Insulating 28 Ga. 10K1 72" 20G @ 13.0 plf. P246
Fill
28 Ga. 12K1 72" 20G @ 13.0 plf. P251
28 Ga. 10K1 72" W8x15 P255
28 Ga. 12K1 72" 20G @ 13.0 plf. P261

Gypsum Insulating 26 Ga. 12K3
Fill 60" W8x24 P509
22 Ga 12K1 72" 20G @ 13.0 plf. P225

Rigid
24 Ga. 12K3 48" ----- P227
Insulation
26 Ga. 12K5, 14K4 48" W6x12 P250
Exposed 20G @ 14.0 plf.
1 1/2 Hr. Grid Min. Area Top &
26 Ga. 12K1 72" P231
Insulating Bottom chord
Fill 1.12 Sq. Inch
28 Ga. 12K1 72" 20G @ 13.0 plf. P251
Metal Rigid 22 Ga. 12K5, 14K3 72" ----- P404

Lathe Insulation
Insulating 28 Ga. 12K1 72" 20G @ 13.0 plf. P251

Exposed Fill
Grid
Rigid 24 Ga. 10K1 72" W6x12 P237
Insulation
2 Hr.
Metal Rigid 22 Ga. 12K5, 14K3 72" ----- P404
Lathe Insulation
Gypsum Rigid 22 Ga. 10K1 48" 20G @ 13.0 plf. P514

Board Insulation
3 Hr. Metal Insulating 28 Ga. 10K1 48" ----- P405

Lathe Fill
35
FIRE-RESISTANT RATINGS WITH STEEL JOISTS
ROOF-CEILING ASSEMBLIES WITH DIRECT APPLIED PROTECTION
ROOF COVERING ROOF COVERING

RIGID INSULATION INSULATING FILL
ROOF DECK FORM DECK
STEEL JOIST STEEL JOIST
FIRE FIRE
PROTECTION PROTECTION
Restrained Type of Built Up Roof Minimum Maximum Primary Support

Assembly Protection Joist Size Joist Spacing Member U. L. Design
Type of Metal Deck Number
Rating System Insulation Min. Size See Note #3 & #4 See Note #5 Min. Depth & Wt.
Rigid 22 Ga. 14K4 or LH Unrestricted 20G @ 13.0 plf. P701
Cementitious Insulation 22 Ga. 14K4 Unrestricted 20G @ 13.0 plf. P711
22 Ga. 12K3 Unrestricted 20G @ 13.0 plf. P801
1 Hr. Sprayed Rigid
22 Ga. 10K1 Unrestricted 20G @ 13.0 plf. P815
Fiber Insulation
22 Ga. 12K3 Unrestricted ----- P816
1 1/2 Hr.
22 Ga. 14K4 96" 20G @ 13.0 plf. P902
2 Hr. Cementitious 24 Ga. 12K5, 14K3 96" ----- P907
and Insulating 24 Ga 12K5, 14K3 96" ----- P920
Sprayed Fill 24 Ga. 12K5 96" 20G @ 13.0 plf. P921
Fiber 24 Ga. 10K1 96" ----- P922
24 Ga. 10K1 96" 20G @ 13.0 plf. P923
NOTES:
1. The UNDERWRITERS LABORATORY FIRE 4. Some U.L. Fire Assembly Designs stipulate an
RESISTANCE DIRECTORY lists hundreds of allowable maximum joist design stress level less
assemblies and their fire ratings. As a convenience a than the 30 ksi (207MPa) used in the K-Series Joist
selected number of assemblies are listed on 3 pre- Specifications.
ceding pages. This listing is intended as a guide only It is the responsibility of the specifying professional
and the specifying professional must refer to the U.L. to apply the proper stress level reductions (if requi-
Directory for complete design information. red) when selecting Joists and/or Joist Girders.
2. The maximum joist spacing shown for Floor-Ceiling To adjust the stress level of K-Series Joists or Joist
Assemblies may be increased from the spacing Girders multiply the design load by the required
listed in the U.L. Directory to a maximum of 48 inches factor [30/26 (207/179), 30/24 (207/165), 30/22
on center, provided the floor slab meets the structural (207/1520)], and then using this increased load,
requirements and the spacing of hanger wires select a Joist or Joist Girder from the load and/or
supporting the ceiling is not increased. weight tables.
3. Some U.L. Design Assemblies stipulate minimum 5. Some U.L. Roof-Ceiling Design assemblies using
size materials for steel joist and joist girder direct applied protection limit the spacing of the joists
components, and/or bridging. It is the responsibility for certain types and gages of metal decking - refer
of the specifying professional to show all special to the U.L. Directory for this information.
requirements on the Structural Drawings.
36
OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS, K-SERIES
There are no restrictions on the types, sizes or heights of

INTRODUCTION buildings in which joists can be used. They can be found
in the roof of the neighborhood convenience store as well
as in the mammoth Mall of America near Minneapolis,
Open Web Steel Joists, K-Series, were primarily devel- Minnesota.
oped to provide structural support for floors and roofs of
buildings. They possess the following advantages and
features which have resulted in their wide use and
acceptance throughout the United States and other
JOIST SUBSTITUTES
countries.
First and foremost, they are economical. For many types Joist substitutes are 2.5 inch deep sections intended for
of buildings, no other products or methods for supporting use in very short spans (less than 8 feet) where Open
floors and roofs can compete with steel joists. The advan- Web Steel Joists are impractical. They are commonly
tages listed in the following paragraphs all contribute to specified to span over hallways and short spans in
the overall economy of using Open Web Steel Joists. skewed bays.
K-Series Joists are light in weight – they possess an Joist substitutes are fabricated from material conforming
exceptionally high strength-to-weight ratio in comparison to Steel Joist Institute Specifications. Full lateral support
with other building materials. Coupled with their low price to the compressive flange is provided by attachments to
per pound, they contribute significantly to lower building the deck. Caution must be exercised during erection
costs. An additional economy stemming from their light since joist substitutes exhibit some degree of instability.
weight is the fact that the structural materials supporting After erection and before loads of any description are
the joists, such as beams and Joist Girders, columns, placed on the joist substitutes, the ends must be attached
and the foundations themselves, can therefore be lighter, to the supports per SJI K-Series specifications and the
thus leading to even greater economies. deck installed and attached to the top flange.
Open Web Steel Joists represent unitized construction.
Upon arrival at the job site, the joists are ready immedi- 2.5 Inch K-Series Joist Substitutes
ately for proper installation. No forming, pouring, curing,
or stripping is required. Furthermore, their light weight
makes the erection procedure simple and fast. Designation 2.5K1 2.5K2 2.5K3
K-Series Joists are standardized regarding depths, Span (ft) Allowable Uniform Load (plf)
spans, and load-carrying capacities. There are 64 sepa- 4 550 550 550
rate designations in the Load Tables, representing joist 5 550/338 550/465 550
depths from 8 inches (203 mm) through 30 inches
(762 mm) in 2" (51 mm) increments and spans through 6 374/189 519/260 550/354
60 feet (18,288 mm). Standard K-series Joists have a 7 270/116 375/160 540/218
2¹⁄₂ inch (64 mm) end bearing depth so that, regardless 8 204/76 284/105 408/143
of the overall joist depths, the tops of the joists lie in the
same plane.
The open webs in the joists permit the ready passage
and concealment of pipes, ducts and electric conduits 64 mm K-Series Joist Substitutes
within the depth of the floor. In high rise buildings this can
result in a lesser overall building height, which translates Designation 2.5K1 2.5K2 2.5K3
into considerable cost savings. As soon as the joists are
erected and bridged, with ends fixed, a working platform
Span(mm) Allowable Uniform Load (kN/m)
is available for the immediate follow-up of allied trades; 1219 8.02 8.02 8.02
this allows field work to progress rapidly and efficiently. 1524 8.02/4.93 8.02/6.78 8.02
In combination with other materials, joists can provide fire 1828 5.45/2.75 7.57/3.79 8.02/5.16
resistive assemblies for both floors and roofs of buildings 2133 3.94/1.69 5.47/2.33 7.88/3.18
for nearly any hourly rating required. The preceding
pages on Fire Resistance Ratings with Steel Joists 2438 2.97/1.10 4.14/1.53 5.95/2.08
provide detailed information on this subject. The figures shown in red are the uniform live loads which
Steel joists produce a permanent support system; they produce an approximate deflection of 1/360 of the span.
will not rot, nor can they be damaged by vermin.
37
TOP CHORD EXTENSIONS AND EXTENDED ENDS
Joist extensions are commonly furnished to support a non-uniform loads, a loading diagram must be provided
variety of overhang conditions. The two types are pic- by the specifying professional on the structural drawings.
tured below. The first is the TOP CHORD EXTENSION or In cases where it is not possible to meet specific job
“S” TYPE, which has only the top chord angles extend- requirements with a 2¹⁄₂" (64 mm) deep “R” type exten-
ed. The second is the EXTENDED END or sion (refer to “S” and “I” values in the Extended End Load
“R” TYPE in which the standard 2¹⁄₂, (64 mm) end Table), the depth of the extension must be increased to
bearing depth is maintained over the entire length of the provide greater load-carrying capacity. If the loading
extension. The “S” TYPE extension is so designated diagram for any condition is not shown. the joist
because of its Simple nature whereas the “R” TYPE manufacturer will design the extension to support the
involves Reinforcing the top chord angles. The specifying uniform load indicated in the K-Series Joist Load Table
professional should be aware that an “S” TYPE is more for the span of the joist.
economical and should be specified whenever possible. When TOP CHORD EXTENSIONS or EXTENDED
The following load tables for K-Series TOP CHORD ENDS are specified, the allowable deflection and
EXTENSIONS and EXTENDED ENDS have been devel- the bracing requirements must be considered by the
oped as an aid to the specifying professional. The black specifying professional.
number in the tables is the maximum allowable uniform It should be noted that an “R” TYPE extension must be
load in pounds per linear foot (KiloNewton/Meter). The specified when building details dictate a 2¹⁄₂, (64 mm)
red number is the uniform load which will produce an depth at the end of the extension. In the absence of
approximate deflection of L1/240, where L1 is the length specific instructions. the joist manufacturer may provide
of the extension. The load tables are applicable for either type.
uniform loads only. If there are concentrated loads and/or
TOP CHORD EXTENSION EXTENDED END
(64 mm) (64 mm)

SPAN L1 2¹₂" SPAN L1 2¹₂"
W W
TOP CHORD EXTENSION - S TYPE EXTENDED END - R TYPE

(only top chord angles extended) (standard 2¹₂ (64mm) end depth extended)
W = Uniform Load
L1 = Length of Extension
SPAN = See K-Series Load Table for definition of span
38
TOP CHORD EXTENSION LOAD TABLE (S TYPE)

Pounds Per Lineal Foot
"S" "I" LENGTH (L1)
3
TYPE (in ) (in 4 ) 0’6 1’0 1’6 2’0 2’6 3’0 3’6 4’0 4’6
S1 0.099 0.088 550 363 178 105
550 363 127 58
S2 0.115 0.138 550 422 207 122
550 422 200 91
S3 0.139 0.159 550 510 250 148
550 510 230 104
S4 0.160 0.172 550 550 288 170 112
550 550 249 113 60
S5 0.176 0.188 550 550 316 187 123
550 550 272 124 66
S6 0.192 0.204 550 550 345 204 135
550 550 295 134 72
S7 0.241 0.306 550 550 433 256 169 120
550 550 433 201 108 64
S8 0.266 0.332 550 550 478 283 187 132
550 550 478 219 117 70
S9 0.288 0.358 550 550 518 306 202 143 107
550 550 518 236 126 75 48
S10 0.380 0.544 550 550 550 404 267 189 141 109
550 550 550 359 192 115 74 50
S11 0.438 0.622 550 550 550 466 307 218 162 126 100
550 550 550 410 220 131 84 57 41
S12 0.494 0.696 550 550 550 526 347 246 183 142 113
550 550 550 459 246 147 94 64 45
EXTENDED END LOAD TABLE (R TYPE)

Pounds Per Lineal Foot
"S" "I" LENGTH (L1)
3 4
TYPE (in ) (in ) 0’6 1’0 1’6 2’0 2’6 3’0 3’6 4’0 4’6 5’0 5’6 6’0
R1 0.895 1.119 550 550 550 550 550 446 332 257 205 167 139 117
550 550 550 550 396 236 152 103 73 54 41 32
R2 0.926 1.157 550 550 550 550 550 461 344 266 212 173 144 121
550 550 550 550 409 244 157 107 76 56 42 33
R3 1.039 1.299 550 550 550 550 550 518 386 299 238 194 161 136
550 550 550 550 459 274 176 120 85 63 47 37
R4 1.147 1.433 550 550 550 550 550 550 426 330 263 214 178 150
550 550 550 550 507 302 195 132 94 69 52 41
R5 1.249 1.561 550 550 550 550 550 550 464 359 286 233 194 164
550 550 550 550 550 329 212 144 103 75 57 44
R6 1.352 1.690 550 550 550 550 550 550 502 389 310 253 210 177
550 550 550 550 550 357 230 156 111 82 62 48
R7 1.422 1.802 550 550 550 550 550 550 528 409 326 266 221 186
550 550 550 550 550 380 245 167 119 87 66 51
R8 1.558 1.948 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 448 357 291 242 204
550 550 550 550 550 411 265 180 128 94 71 55
R9 1.673 2.091 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 481 384 313 260 219
550 550 550 550 550 442 284 194 138 101 77 59
R10 1.931 2.414 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 443 361 300 253
550 550 550 550 550 510 328 224 159 117 89 69
R11 2.183 2.729 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 501 408 339 287
550 550 550 550 550 550 371 253 180 132 100 78
R12 2.413 3.016 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 451 375 317
550 550 550 550 550 550 410 279 199 146 111 86
39
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
FOR OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS, K-SERIES
ANSI Designation: SJI-K-1.0
Adopted by the Steel Joist Institute, November 4, 1985
Revised to May 1, 2000 – Effective August 1, 2002
SECTION 1. SECTION 3.
SCOPE MATERIALS
These specifications cover the design, manufacture and 3.1 STEEL
use of Open Web steel joists, K-Series. The steel used in the manufacture of chord and web
sections shall conform to one of the following ASTM
SECTION 2. Specifications:
• Carbon Structural Steel, ASTM A36/A36M.
DEFINITION • High-Strength, Low-Alloy Structural Steel, ASTM
A242/A242M.
The term “Open Web steel joists K-Series,” as used
herein, refers to open web, parallel chord, load-carrying • High-Strength Carbon-Manganese Steel of
members suitable for the direct support of floors and roof Structural Quality, ASTM A529/A529M, Grade 50.
decks in buildings, utilizing hot-rolled or cold formed • High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium
steel, including cold-formed steel whose yield strength* Structural Steel , ASTM A572/A572M, Grade 50.
has been attained by cold working. K-Series joists shall • High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel with
be designed in accordance with these specifications to 50 ksi (345 MPa) minimum Yield Point to 4 inches
support the uniformly distributed loads given in the (100 mm) thick, ASTM A588/A588M.
Standard Load Tables for Open Web steel joists,
K-Series, attached hereto. • Steel, Sheet and Strip, High-Strength, Low-Alloy,
Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, with Improved
The KCS joist is a K-Series joist which is provided to Corrosion Resistance, ASTM A606.
address the problem faced by specifying professionals
when trying to select joists to support uniform plus • Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled, Carbon, Structural,
concentrated loads or other non-uniform loads. High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-Strength
Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, ASTM
The design of chord sections for K-Series Joists shall be A1008/A1008M.
based on a yield strength of 50 ksi (345 MPa). The
design of web sections for K-Series Joists shall be based • Steel, Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled, Carbon,
on a yield strength of either 36 ksi (250 MPa) or 50 ksi Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-
(345 MPa). Steel used for K-Series Joists chord or web Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability,
sections shall have a minimum yield strength determined ASTM A1011/A1011M.
in accordance with one of the procedures specified in or shall be of suitable quality ordered or produced to
Section 3.2, which is equal to the yield strength assumed other than the listed specifications, provided that such
in the design. material in the state used for final assembly and
manufacture is weldable and is proved by tests
performed by the producer or manufacturer to have the
* The term “Yield Strength” as used herein shall designate
properties specified in Section 3.2.
the yield level of a material as determined by the appli-
cable method outlined in paragraph 13.1 “Yield Point”, 3.2 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
and in paragraph 13.2 “Yield Strength”, of ASTM A370,
Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical The yield strength used as a basis for the design
Testing of Steel Products, or as specified in paragraph stresses prescribed in Section 4 shall be either 36 ksi
3.2 of this specification. (250 MPa) or 50 ksi (345 MPa). Evidence that the steel
furnished meets or exceeds the design yield strength
shall, if requested, be provided in the form of an affidavit
or by witnessed or certified test reports.
For material used without consideration of increase in
Standard Specifications and Load Tables, Open Web yield strength resulting from cold forming, the specimens
steel joists, K-Series, shall be taken from as-rolled material. In the case of
material, the mechanical properties which conform to the
Steel Joist Institute - Copyright, 2002 requirements of one of the listed specifications, test
40
specimens and procedure shall conform to those of such
specifications and to ASTM A370. SECTION 4.
In the case of material, the mechanical properties which
do not conform to the requirements of one of the listed
DESIGN AND
specifications, the test specimens and procedures shall MANUFACTURE
conform to the applicable requirements of ASTM A370,
and the specimens shall exhibit a yield strength equal to
or exceeding the design yield strength and an elongation 4.1 METHOD
of not less than (a) 20 percent in 2 inches (51 mm) for Joists shall be designed in accordance with these
sheet and strip, or (b) 18 percent in 8 inches (203 mm) specifications as simply supported, uniformly loaded
for plates, shapes and bars with adjustments for trusses supporting a floor or roof deck so constructed as
thickness for plates, shapes and bars as prescribed in to brace the top chord of the joists against lateral
ASTM A36/A36M, A242/A242M, A529/A529M, buckling. Where any applicable design feature is not
A572/A572M, A588/A588M, whichever specification is specifically covered herein, the design shall be in
applicable on the basis of design yield strength. accordance with the following specifications.
The number of tests shall be as prescribed in ASTM (a) American Institute of Steel Construction
A6/A6M for plates, shapes, and bars; and ASTM A606, Specification for Design, Fabrication and Erection of
A1008/A1008M and A1011/A1011M for sheet and strip. Structural Steel for Buildings (Allowable Stress
If as-formed strength is utilized, the test reports shall Design), where the material used consists of plates,
show the results of tests performed on full section shapes or bars.
specimens in accordance with the provisions of the AISI (b) American Iron and Steel Institute Specification for
Specifications for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural
Structural Members and shall indicate compliance with Members, for members which are formed from sheet
these provisions and with the following additional or strip material.
requirements:
(a) The yield strength measured in the tests shall equal
4.2 UNIT STRESSES
or exceed the design yield strength. Joists shall have their components so proportioned that
(b) Where tension tests are made for acceptance and the unit stresses in kips per square inch (Mega Pascals)
control purposes, the tensile strength shall be at shall not exceed the following, where Fy is the yield
least 6 percent greater than the yield strength of strength defined in Section 3.2:
the section. (a) Tension:
(c) Where compression tests are used for acceptance Chords
and control purposes, the specimen shall withstand Fy = 50 ksi (345 MPa)..............Ft = 30 ksi (207 MPa)
a gross shortening of 2 percent of its original length
Webs
without cracking. The length of the specimen
shall be not greater than 20 times the least radius Fy = 50 ksi (345 MPa)..........…Ft = 30 ksi (207 MPa)
of gyration. Fy = 36 ksi (250 MPa)..............Ft = 22 ksi (152 MPa)
(d) If any test specimen fails to pass the requirements
of the subparagraphs (a), (b), or (c) above, as (b) Compression
applicable, two retests shall be made of specimens
from the same lot. Failure of one of the retest speci- For members with /r less than Cc:
mens to meet such requirements shall be the cause
2
for rejection of the lot represented by the specimens. r
1- 2 QFy
3.3 PAINT 2C c
Fa = 3
The standard shop paint is intended to protect the 5 3 r 1 r
steel for only a short period of exposure in ordinary + -
3 8 Cc 8 Cc
atmospheric conditions and shall be considered an
impermanent and provisional coating.
When specified, the standard shop paint shall conform to
one of the following: 2 2E
where Cc = and
(a) Steel Structures Painting Council Specification, QFy
SSPC No. 15.
(b) Or, shall be a shop paint which meets the minimum where Q is a form factor equal to unity except when
performance requirements of the above listed the width-thickness ratio of one or more elements of
specification. the profile exceeds the limiting width-thickness ratios
for noncompact sections specified in the AISC
Specification, Section B5 (Allowable Stress Design)
for hot-rolled sections.
41
For cold-formed sections the method of calculating fa + fb ≤ 0.6 Fy at the panel point; and
the allowable column design strength is given in the Cm fb
fa
AISI Specification. + ≤ 1.0, at mid-panel; in which
For members with /r greater than Cc: Fa fa
1- QFb
2 2
E F e’
Fa = 2
23 r Cm = 1 - 0.3fa/F'e for end panels
Cm = 1 - 0.4fa/F'e for interior panels
In the above formulas, is taken as the distance
between panel points for the chord members and the fa = Computed axial unit compressive stress
appropriate unbraced length for web members, and fb = Computed bending unit compressive stress at
r is the corresponding least radius of gyration of the the point under consideration
member or any component thereof. E is equal to Fa = Permissible axial unit compressive stress
29,000 ksi (200,000 MPa). based on /r as defined in Section 4.2 (b)
Use 1.2 /rx for a crimped, first primary compression Fb = Permissible bending unit stress
web member when a moment-resistant weld group Fy = Specified minimum yield strength
is not used for this member; where rx = member
radius of gyration in the plane of the joist. where is the panel length as
12 2E defined in Section 4.2 (b) and
(c) Bending: F’e = 2
23 r rx is the radius of gyration
For chords about the axis of bending.
Fy = 50 ksi (345 MPa) Fb = 30 ksi (207 MPa)
For web members other than solid rounds Q = Form factor as defined in Section 4.2(b).
Fy = 50 ksi (345 MPa) Fb = 30 ksi (207 MPa) In order to insure lateral stability during erection, the
radius of gyration of the top chord about its vertical
Fy = 36 ksi (250 MPa) Fb = 22 ksi (152 MPa) axis shall be not less than /145 where is the
For web members of solid round cross-section spacing in inches (millimeters) between lines of
Fy = 50 ksi (345 MPa) Fb = 45 ksi (310 MPa) bridging as specified in Section 5.4(c).
Fy = 36 ksi (250 MPa) Fb = 32 ksi (221 MPa) The top chord shall be considered as stayed
For bearing plates laterally by the floor slab or roof deck when attach-
ments are in accordance with the requirements of
Fy = 50 ksi (345 MPa) Fb = 37 ksi (255 MPa) Section 5.8(e) of these specifications.
Fy = 36 ksi (250 MPa) Fb = 27 ksi (186 MPa) (b) Web
4.3 MAXIMUM SLENDERNESS RATIOS The vertical shears to be used in the design of the
web members shall be determined from full uniform
The slenderness ratio /r, where is as used in Section loading, but such vertical shears shall be not less
4.2 (b) and r is the corresponding least radius of gyration, than 25% of the end reaction. Due consideration
shall not exceed the following: shall be given to the effect of eccentricity. The effect
Top chord interior panels 90 of combined axial compression and bending may be
Top chord end panels 120 investigated using the provisions of Section 4.4(a),
Compression members other than top chord 200 letting Cm = 0.4 when bending due to eccentricity
produces reversed curvature.
Tension members 240
Interior vertical web members used in modified
4.4 MEMBERS Warren type web systems shall be designed to resist
the gravity loads supported by the member plus ¹⁄₂ of
(a) Chords 1.0 percent of the top chord axial force.
The bottom chord shall be designed as an axially (c) Extended Ends
loaded tension member.
Extended top chords or full depth cantilever ends
The top chord shall be designed for only axial com- require the special attention of the specifying
pressive stress when the panel length, , does not professional.
exceed 24 inches (609 mm). When the panel length
exceeds 24 inches (609 mm), the top chord shall be The magnitude and location of the design loads to
designed as a continuous member subject to com- be supported, the deflection requirements, and
bined axial and bending stresses and shall be so the proper bracing shall be clearly indicated on the
proportioned that structural drawings.
42
4.5 CONNECTIONS (d) Eccentricity

(a) Methods Members connected at a joint shall have their
Joist connections and splices shall be made by centroidal axes meet at a point if practical.
attaching the members to one another by arc or Otherwise, due consideration shall be given to the
resistance welding or other approved method. effect of eccentricity. In no case shall eccentricity of
any web member at a joint exceed ³⁄₄ of the over all
1) Welded Connections dimension, measured in the plane of the web, of the
a) Selected welds shall be inspected visually largest member connected. The eccentricity of any
by the manufacturer. Prior to this inspec- web member shall be the perpendicular distance
tion, weld slag shall be removed. from the centroidal axis of that web member to the
b) Cracks are not acceptable and shall be point on the centroidal axis of the chord which is
repaired. vertically above or below the intersection of the
centroidal axes of the web members forming the
c) Thorough fusion shall exist between weld joint. Ends of joists shall be proportioned to resist
and base metal for the required design bending produced by eccentricity at the support.
length of the weld; such fusion shall be
verified by visual inspection. 4.6 VERIFICATION OF DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE
d) Unfilled weld craters shall not be included (a) Design Calculations
in the design length of the weld. Companies manufacturing K-Series joists shall
e) Undercut shall not exceed ¹⁄₁₆ inch (2 mm) submit design data to the Steel Joist Institute (or an
for welds oriented parallel to the principal independent agency approved by the Steel Joist
stress. Institute) for verification of compliance with the SJI
Specifications. Design Data shall be submitted in
f) The sum of surface (piping) porosity diam- detail and in the format specified by the Institute.
eters shall not exceed ¹⁄₁₆ inch (2 mm) in
any 1 inch (25 mm) of design weld length. (b) Tests of Chord and Web Members
g) Weld spatter that does not interfere with Each manufacturer shall, at the time of design review
paint coverage is acceptable. by the Steel Joist Institute or other independent
agency, verify by tests that the design, in accordance
2) Welding Program with Sections 4.1 through 4.5 of this specification, will
Manufacturers shall have a program for estab- provide a minimum factor of safety of 1.65 on the
lishing weld procedures and operator qualifica- theoretical design capacity of critical members. Such
tion, and for weld sampling and testing. tests shall be evaluated considering the actual yield
(See Technical Digest #8 - Welding of Open strength of the members of the test joists.
Web Steel Joists.) Material tests for determining mechanical properties
3) Weld Inspection by Outside Agencies (See of component members shall be conducted.
Section 5.12 of these specifications) (c) Tests of Joints and Connections
The agency shall arrange for visual inspection Each manufacturer shall verify by shear tests on
to determine that welds meet the acceptance representative joints of typical joists that connections
standards of Section 4.5(a)(1) above. will meet the provision of Section 4.5(b). Chord and
Ultrasonic, X-Ray, and magnetic particle testing web members may be reinforced for such tests.
are inappropriate for joists due to the configura-
tions of the components and welds. (d) In-Plant Inspections
(b) Strength Each manufacturer shall verify his ability to
manufacture K-Series Joists through periodic
Joint connections shall be capable of withstanding In-Plant Inspections. Inspections shall be performed
forces due to an ultimate load equal to at least two by an independent agency approved by the Steel
times the design load shown in the applicable Joist Institute. The frequency, manner of inspection,
Standard Load Table. and manner of reporting shall be determined by the
(c) Splices Steel Joist Institute. The plant inspections are not a
Splices may occur at any point in chord or web guaranty of the quality of any specific joists or joist
members. Members containing a butt weld splice girders; this responsibility lies fully and solely with
shall develop an ultimate tensile force of at least the individual manufacturer.
57 ksi (393 MPa) times the full design area of the
chord or web. The term “member” shall be defined
as all component parts comprising the chord or web,
at the point of splice.
43
4.7 CAMBER designed by the specifying professional in

Camber is optional with the manufacturer but, when compliance with the allowable unit stresses
provided, recommended approximate camber is as in Section A5.1 (Allowable Stress Design) of the
follows: A.I.S.C. Specification. The steel bearing plate shall
be furnished by other than the joist manufacturer.
Top Chord Length Approximate Camber
Where it is deemed necessary to bear less than
20'-0" (6096 mm) ¹⁄₄" (6 mm) 4 inches (102 mm) over the masonry or concrete
30'-0" (9144 mm) ³⁄₈" (10 mm) support, special consideration is to be given to the
40'-0" (12192 mm) ⁵⁄₈" (16 mm) design of the steel bearing plate and the masonry or
concrete by the specifying professional. The joists
50'-0" (15240 mm) 1" (25 mm) must bear a minimum of 2¹⁄₂ inches (64 mm) on the
60'-0" (18288 mm) 1¹⁄₂" (38 mm) steel bearing plate.
(b) Steel
In no case will joists be manufactured with negative Due consideration of the end reactions and all other
camber. vertical and lateral forces shall be taken by the
specifying professional in the design of the steel
SECTION 5. support. The ends of K-Series Joists shall extend a
distance of not less than 2¹⁄₂ inches (64 mm) over the
APPLICATION steel supports.
5.1 USAGE 5.4 BRIDGING
These specifications shall apply to any type of structure Bridging is required and shall consist of one of the
where floors and roofs are to be supported directly by following types.
steel joists installed as hereinafter specified. Where joists
are used other than on simple spans under uniformly (a) Horizontal
distributed loading as prescribed in Section 4.1, they Horizontal bridging shall consist of two continuous
shall be investigated and modified if necessary to limit the horizontal steel members, one attached to the top
unit stresses to those listed in Section 4.2. chord and the other attached to the bottom chord.
CAUTION: If a rigid connection of the bottom chord is to Each attachment to the joists shall be made by
be made to the column or other support, it shall be made welding or mechanical means and shall be capable
only after the application of the dead loads. The joist is of resisting a horizontal force of not less than
then no longer simply supported, and the system must be 700 pounds (3114 N).
investigated for continuous frame action by the specifying The ratio of unbraced length to least radius of
professional. gyration /r of the bridging member shall not exceed
The designed detail of a rigid type connection and 300, where is the distance in inches (millimeters)
moment plates shall be shown on the structural drawings between attachments and r is the least radius of
by the specifying professional. The moment plates shall gyration of the bridging member.
be furnished by other than the joist manufacturer. (b) Diagonal
Diagonal bridging shall consist of cross-bracing
5.2 SPAN with an /r ratio of not more than 200, where is
The span of a joist shall not exceed 24 times its depth. the distance in inches (millimeters) between
connections and r is the least radius of gyration of
5.3 END SUPPORTS the bracing member. Where cross-bracing members
(a) Masonry and Concrete are connected at their point of intersection, the l
K-Series joists supported by masonry or concrete distance shall be taken as the distance in inches
are to bear on steel bearing plates and shall be (millimeters) between connections at the point of
designed as steel bearing. Due consideration of the intersection of the bracing members and the
end reactions and all other vertical or lateral forces connections to the chord of the joists. Connections to
shall be taken by the specifying professional in the the chords of steel joists shall be made by positive
design of the steel bearing plate and the masonry or mechanical means or by welding.
concrete. The ends of K-Series joists shall extend a
distance of not less than 4 inches (102 mm) over the
masonry or concrete support and be anchored to the
steel bearing plate. The plate shall be located not
more than ¹⁄₂ inch (13 mm) from the face of the wall
and shall be not less than 6 inches (152 mm) wide
perpendicular to the length of the joist. It is to be
44
NUMBER OF ROWS OF BRIDGING**

Refer to the K-Series Load Table and Specification Section 6. for required bolted diagonal bridging.
Distances are joist span lengths - See “Definition of Span” preceding the Load Table.
*Section One Two Three Four Five

#1 Up thru 16' Over 16' thru 24' Over 24' thru 28'
#2 Up thru 17' Over 17' thru 25' Over 25’ thru 32'
#3 Up thru 18' Over 18 thru 28' Over 28’ thru 38' Over 38' thru 40'
#4 Up thru 19' Over 19' thru 28' Over 28’ thru 38' Over 38' thru 48'
#5 Up thru 19' Over 19' thru 29' Over 29’ thru 39' Over 39' thru 50' Over 50' thru 52'
#6 Up thru 19 Over 19' thru 29' Over 29’ thru 39' Over 39' thru 51' Over 51' thru 56'
#9 Up thru 20' Over 20' thru 33’ Over 33’ thru 46' Over 46’ thru 59' Over 59' thru 60'
#10 Up thru 20' Over 20' thru 37’ Over 37’ thru 51' Over 51’ thru 60'
* Last digit(s) of joist designation shown in Load Table

** See Section 5.11 for additional bridging required for uplift design.
METRIC NUMBER OF ROWS OF BRIDGING**

Refer to the K-Series Metric Load Table and Specification Section 6. for required bolted diagonal bridging.
Distances are joist span lengths in Millimeters (mm) - See “Definition of Span” preceding Load Table.
*Section One Two Three Four Five

#1 up thru 4877 Over 4877 thru 7315 Over 7315 thru 8534
#2 up thru 5182 Over 5182 thru 7620 Over 7620 thru 9754
#3 up thru 5486 Over 5486 thru 8534 Over 8534 thru 11582 Over 11582 thru 12192
#5 up thru 5791 Over 5791 thru 8839 Over 8839 thru 11887 Over 11887 thru 15240 Over 15240 thru 15850
* Last digit(s) of joist designation shown in Load Table

** See Section 5.11 for additional bridging required for uplift design.
45
(c) Quantity or other suitable material capable of supporting the

In no case shall the number of rows of bridging be required load at the specified joist spacing.
less than shown in the bridging table. Spaces (b) Thickness
between rows shall be approximately uniform. See Cast-in-place slabs shall be not less than 2 inches
Section 5.11 for bridging required for uplift forces. (51 mm) thick.
(d) Bottom Chord Bearing Joists (c) Centering
Where bottom chord bearing joists are utilized, there Centering for cast-in-place slabs may be ribbed
shall be a row of diagonal bridging near the support metal lath, corrugated steel sheets, paper-backed
to provide lateral stability. This bridging shall be welded wire fabric, removable centering or any other
installed as the joists are set in place. suitable material capable of supporting the slab at
the designated joist spacing.
5.5 INSTALLATION OF BRIDGING
Centering shall not cause lateral displacement or
All bridging and bridging anchors shall be completely damage to the top chord of joists during installation or
installed before construction loads are placed on the removal of the centering or placing of the concrete.
joists.
(d) Bearing
Bridging shall support the top chords against lateral
movement during the construction period and shall hold Slabs or decks shall bear uniformly along the top
the steel joists in the approximate position as shown on chords of the joists.
the plans. (e) Attachments
The ends of all bridging lines terminating at walls or Each attachment for slab or deck to top chords of
beams shall be anchored thereto. joists shall be capable of resisting a lateral force
of not less than 300 pounds (1335 N). The spacing
5.6 END ANCHORAGE shall not exceed 36 inches (914 mm) along the
(a) Masonry and Concrete top chord.
Ends of K-Series Joists resting on steel bearing (f) Wood Nailers
plates on masonry or structural concrete shall be Where wood nailers are used, such nailers in
attached thereto with a minimum of two ¹⁄₈ inch conjunction with deck or slab shall be attached to
(3 mm) fillet welds 1 inch (25 mm) long, or with two the top chords of the joists in conformance with
¹⁄₂ inch (13 mm) bolts, or with the combination of one Section 5.8(e).
¹⁄₂ inch (13 mm) bolt and one ¹⁄₈ (3 mm) fillet weld (g) Joist With Standing Seam Roofing
1 inch (25 mm) long or the equivalent.
The stiffness and strength of standing-seam roof
(b) Steel clips varies from one manufacturer to another.
Ends of K-Series Joists resting on steel supports Therefore, some roof systems cannot be counted on
shall be attached thereto with a minimum of two to provide lateral stability to the joists which support
¹⁄₈ inch (3 mm) fillet welds 1 inch (25 mm) long, or the roof. Sufficient stability must be provided to brace
with two ¹⁄₂ inch (13 mm) bolts, or with the combina- the joists laterally under the full design load. The
tion of one ¹⁄₂ inch (13 mm) bolt and one ¹⁄₈ inch compression chord must resist the chord axial
(3 mm) fillet weld 1 inch (25 mm) long or the equiva- design force in the plane of the joist (i.e., x-x axis
lent. In steel frames, where columns are not framed buckling) and out of the plane of the joist (i.e., y-y
in at least two directions with structural steel mem- axis buckling). Out-of-plane strength may be
bers, bearing seats for joists at column lines shall be achieved by adjusting the bridging spacing and/or
fabricated to allow for field bolting. increasing the compression chord area, the joist
(c) Uplift depth, and the y-axis radius of gyration. The effective
Where uplift forces are a design consideration, roof slenderness ratio in the y-direction equals 0.94 /ry;
joists shall be anchored to resist such forces. where is the bridging spacing. The maximum
bridging spacing may not exceed that specified in
5.7 JOIST SPACING Section 5.4(c).
Joists shall be spaced so that the loading on each Horizontal bridging members attached to the
joist does not exceed the allowable load for the compression chords and their anchorage’s must be
particular joist designation. designed for a compressive axial force of 0.0025nP,
where n is the number of joists between end anchors
5.8 FLOOR AND ROOF DECKS and P is the chord design force. The attachment
(a) Material force between the horizontal bridging member and
the compression chord is 0.005P. Horizontal bridging
Floor and roof decks may consist of cast-in-place or attached to the tension chords shall be proportioned
pre-cast concrete or gypsum, formed steel, wood, so that the slenderness ratio between attachments
46
does not exceed 300. Diagonal bridging shall be Arrangements shall be made with the manufacturer for
proportioned so that the slenderness ratio between such inspection of the joists at the manufacturing shop by
attachments does not exceed 200. the purchaser’s inspectors at purchaser’s expense.
5.9 DEFLECTION 5.13 PARALLEL CHORD SLOPED JOISTS
The deflection due to the design live load shall not The span of a parallel chord sloped joist shall be defined
exceed the following: by the length along the slope. Minimum depth, load-
Floors: ¹⁄₃₆₀ of span. carrying capacity, and bridging requirements shall be
determined by the sloped definition of span. The
Roofs: ¹⁄₃₆₀ of span where a plaster ceiling is Standard Load Table capacity shall be the component
attached or suspended. normal to the joist.
¹⁄₂₄₀ of span for all other cases.
The specifying professional shall give due consideration
to the effects of deflection and vibration* in the selection
of joists.
* For further reference, refer to Steel Joist Institute
Technical Digest #5, “Vibration of Steel Joist-Concrete
Slab Floors” and the Institute’s Computer Vibration
Program.
5.10 PONDING
Unless a roof surface is provided with sufficient slope
towards points of free drainage, or adequate individual
drains to prevent the accumulation of rain water, the roof
system shall be investigated to assure stability under
ponding conditions in accordance with Section K2 of the
AISC Specification (Allowable Stress Design).*
The ponding investigation shall be performed by the
specifying professional.
Technical Digest #3, “Structural Design of Steel Joist
Roofs to Resist Ponding Loads”.
5.11 UPLIFT
Where uplift forces due to wind are a design require-
ment, these forces must be indicated on the contract
drawings in terms of net uplift in pounds per square foot
(Pascals). When these forces are specified, they must be
considered in the design of joists and/or bridging. A
single line of bottom chord bridging must be provided
near the first bottom chord panel points whenever uplift
due to wind forces is a design consideration.*
Roofs to Resist Uplift Loads.
5.12 INSPECTION
Joists shall be inspected by the manufacturer before
shipment to insure compliance of materials and work-
manship with the requirements of these specifications. If
the purchaser wishes an inspection of the steel joists by
someone other than the manufacturer’s own inspectors,
he may reserve the right to do so in his “Invitation to Bid”
or the accompanying “Job Specifications”.
47
b) Field Welding
SECTION 6. 1) All field welding shall be performed in a
workman-like manner to insure that the joists
ERECTION STABILITY are not damaged by such welding.
AND HANDLING 2) On cold-formed members whose yield strength
has been attained by cold working, and whose
When it is necessary for the erector to climb on the joists, as-formed strength is used in the design, the
extreme caution must be exercised since unbridged total length of weld at any one point shall not
joists may exhibit some degree of instability under the exceed 50 percent of the overall developed
erector’s weight. width of the cold-formed section.
During the construction period, the contractor shall c) Handling
provide means for adequate distribution of concentrated Care shall be exercised at all times to avoid damage
loads so that the carrying capacity of any joist is not to the joists and accessories through careless
exceeded. handling during unloading, storing and erecting.
a) Stability Requirements *For a thorough coverage of this topic, refer to SJI
Technical Digest #9, “Handling and Erection of Steel
1) One end of all joists shall be attached to its Joists and Joist Girders”.
support in accordance with Section 5.6 – End
Anchorage, before allowing the weight of an
erector on the joists.
When a bolted seat connection is used for
erection purposes, as a minimum, the bolts
must be snug tightened. The snug tight
condition is defined as the tightness that exists
when all plies of a joint are in firm contact. This
may be attained by a few impacts of an impact
wrench or the full effort of an employee using an
ordinary spud wrench.
2) Where the span of the joist exceeds the erection
stability span as indicated by the Red shaded
area of the load table, the row of bridging
nearest the mid span of the joist shall be
installed as bolted diagonal bridging.
Hoisting cables shall not be released until
this bolted diagonal bridging is completely
installed.
3) No loads other than the weight of one erector
are allowed on the joist until all bridging is com-
pletely installed and all joist ends are attached.
4) In the case of bottom chord bearing joists, the
ends of the joist must be restrained laterally
per Section 5.4(d) before releasing the hoisting
cables.
5) After the joist is straightened and plumbed,
and all bridging is completely installed and
anchored, the ends of the joists shall be fully
connected to the supports in accordance with
Section 5.6 End Anchorage.
48
DEFINITION OF SPAN
C C
SPAN
C
SPAN
4"
SPAN
4" 4"
[ DESIGN LENGTH = SPAN —0.33 FT. ]

Parallel chord joists installed to a slope greater than ¹⁄₂ inch per foot shall use span defined by the length along the slope.
49
STANDARD LOAD TABLE
FOR OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS, K-SERIES
Based on a Maximum Allowable Tensile Stress of 30 ksi
Adopted by the Steel Joist Institute November 4, 1985;
The black figures in the following table give the TOTAL The approximate joist weights per linear foot shown in
safe uniformly distributed load-carrying capacities, in these tables do not include accessories.
pounds per linear foot, of K-Series Steel Joists. The The approximate moment of inertia of the joist, in inches4
weight of DEAD loads, including the joists, must be is;
deducted to determine the LIVE load-carrying capacities
of the joists. Sloped parallel-chord joists shall use span Ij = 26.767(WLL)(L3)(10-6), where WLL = RED figure in the
as defined by the length along the slope. Load Table and L = (Span - .33) in feet.
The figures shown in RED in this load table are the LIVE For the proper handling of concentrated and/or varying
loads per linear foot of joist which will produce an approx- loads, see Section 5.5 in the Recommended Code of
imate deflection of 1/360 of the span. LIVE loads which Standard Practice for Steel Joists and Joist Girders.
will produce a deflection of 1/240 of the span may be Where the joist span exceeds the unshaded area of
obtained by multiplying the figures in RED by 1.5. In no the load table, the row of bridging nearest the mid-span
case shall the TOTAL load capacity of the joists be shall be diagonal bridging with bolted connections at the
exceeded. chords and intersections.
STANDARD LOAD TABLE/OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS, K-SERIES

Joist
8K1 10K1 12K1 12K3 12K5 14K1 14K3 14K4 14K6 16K2 16K3 16K4 16K5 16K6 16K7 16K9
Designation
Depth (in.) 8 10 12 12 12 14 14 14 14 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
Approx. Wt
5.1 5.0 5.0 5.7 7.1 5.2 6.0 6.7 7.7 5.5 6.3 7.0 7.5 8.1 8.6 10.0
(lbs./ft.)
Span (ft.)
8 550
550
9 550
550
10 550 550
480 550
11 532 550
377 542
12 444 550 550 550 550
288 455 550 550 550
13 377 479 550 550 550
225 363 510 510 510
14 324 412 500 550 550 550 550 550 550
179 289 425 463 463 550 550 550 550
15 281 358 434 543 550 511 550 550 550
145 234 344 428 434 475 507 507 507
16 246 313 380 476 550 448 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550
119 192 282 351 396 390 467 467 467 550 550 550 550 550 550 550
17 277 336 420 550 395 495 550 550 512 550 550 550 550 550 550
159 234 291 366 324 404 443 443 488 526 526 526 526 526 526
18 246 299 374 507 352 441 530 550 456 508 550 550 550 550 550
134 197 245 317 272 339 397 408 409 456 490 490 490 490 490
19 221 268 335 454 315 395 475 550 408 455 547 550 550 550 550
113 167 207 269 230 287 336 383 347 386 452 455 455 455 455
20 199 241 302 409 284 356 428 525 368 410 493 550 550 550 550
97 142 177 230 197 246 287 347 297 330 386 426 426 426 426
21 218 273 370 257 322 388 475 333 371 447 503 548 550 550
123 153 198 170 212 248 299 255 285 333 373 405 406 406
22 199 249 337 234 293 353 432 303 337 406 458 498 550 550
106 132 172 147 184 215 259 222 247 289 323 351 385 385
23 181 227 308 214 268 322 395 277 308 371 418 455 507 550
93 116 150 128 160 188 226 194 216 252 282 307 339 363
24 166 208 282 196 245 295 362 254 283 340 384 418 465 550
81 101 132 113 141 165 199 170 189 221 248 269 298 346
25 180 226 272 334 234 260 313 353 384 428 514
100 124 145 175 150 167 195 219 238 263 311
26 166 209 251 308 216 240 289 326 355 395 474
88 110 129 156 133 148 173 194 211 233 276
27 154 193 233 285 200 223 268 302 329 366 439
79 98 115 139 119 132 155 173 188 208 246
28 143 180 216 265 186 207 249 281 306 340 408
70 88 103 124 106 118 138 155 168 186 220
29 173 193 232 261 285 317 380
95 106 124 139 151 167 198
30 161 180 216 244 266 296 355
86 96 112 126 137 151 178
31 151 168 203 228 249 277 332
78 87 101 114 124 137 161
32 142 158 190 214 233 259 311
71 79 92 103 112 124 147
50
Joist
18K3 18K4 18K5 18K6 18K7 18K9 18K10 20K3 20K4 20K5 20K6 20K7 20K9 20K10 22K4 22K5 22K6 22K7 22K9 22K10 22K11
Designation
Depth (In.) 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 22 22 22 22 22 22 22
Approx. Wt.
6.6 7.2 7.7 8.5 9 10.2 11.7 6.7 7.6 8.2 8.9 9.3 10.8 12.2 8 8.8 9.2 9.7 11.3 12.6 13.8
(lbs./ft.)
Span (ft.)
18 550 550 550 550 550 550 550

550 550 550 550 550 550 550
19 514 550 550 550 550 550 550
494 523 523 523 523 523 523
20 463 550 550 550 550 550 550 517 550 550 550 550 550 550
423 490 490 490 490 490 490 517 550 550 550 550 550 550
21 420 506 550 550 550 550 550 468 550 550 550 550 550 550
364 426 460 460 460 460 460 453 520 520 520 520 520 520
22 382 460 518 550 550 550 550 426 514 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550
316 370 414 438 438 438 438 393 461 490 490 490 490 490 548 548 548 548 548 548 548
23 349 420 473 516 550 550 550 389 469 529 550 550 550 550 518 550 550 550 550 550 550
276 323 362 393 418 418 418 344 402 451 468 468 468 468 491 518 518 518 518 518 518
24 320 385 434 473 526 550 550 357 430 485 528 550 550 550 475 536 550 550 550 550 550
242 284 318 345 382 396 396 302 353 396 430 448 448 448 431 483 495 495 495 495 495
25 294 355 400 435 485 550 550 329 396 446 486 541 550 550 438 493 537 550 550 550 550
214 250 281 305 337 377 377 266 312 350 380 421 426 426 381 427 464 474 474 474 474
26 272 328 369 402 448 538 550 304 366 412 449 500 550 550 404 455 496 550 550 550 550
190 222 249 271 299 354 361 236 277 310 337 373 405 405 338 379 411 454 454 454 454
27 252 303 342 372 415 498 550 281 339 382 416 463 550 550 374 422 459 512 550 550 550
169 198 222 241 267 315 347 211 247 277 301 333 389 389 301 337 367 406 432 432 432
28 234 282 318 346 385 463 548 261 315 355 386 430 517 550 348 392 427 475 550 550 550
151 177 199 216 239 282 331 189 221 248 269 298 353 375 270 302 328 364 413 413 413
29 218 263 296 322 359 431 511 243 293 330 360 401 482 550 324 365 398 443 532 550 550
136 159 179 194 215 254 298 170 199 223 242 268 317 359 242 272 295 327 387 399 399
30 203 245 276 301 335 402 477 227 274 308 336 374 450 533 302 341 371 413 497 550 550
123 144 161 175 194 229 269 153 179 201 218 242 286 336 219 245 266 295 349 385 385
31 190 229 258 281 313 376 446 212 256 289 314 350 421 499 283 319 347 387 465 550 550
111 130 146 158 175 207 243 138 162 182 198 219 259 304 198 222 241 267 316 369 369
32 178 215 242 264 294 353 418 199 240 271 295 328 395 468 265 299 326 363 436 517 549
101 118 132 144 159 188 221 126 147 165 179 199 235 276 180 201 219 242 287 337 355
33 168 202 228 248 276 332 393 187 226 254 277 309 371 440 249 281 306 341 410 486 532
92 108 121 131 145 171 201 114 134 150 163 181 214 251 164 183 199 221 261 307 334
34 158 190 214 233 260 312 370 176 212 239 261 290 349 414 235 265 288 321 386 458 516
84 98 110 120 132 156 184 105 122 137 149 165 195 229 149 167 182 202 239 280 314
35 149 179 202 220 245 294 349 166 200 226 246 274 329 390 221 249 272 303 364 432 494
77 90 101 110 121 143 168 96 112 126 137 151 179 210 137 153 167 185 219 257 292
36 141 169 191 208 232 278 330 157 189 213 232 259 311 369 209 236 257 286 344 408 467
70 82 92 101 111 132 154 88 103 115 125 139 164 193 126 141 153 169 201 236 269
37 148 179 202 220 245 294 349 198 223 243 271 325 386 442
81 95 106 115 128 151 178 116 130 141 156 185 217 247
38 141 170 191 208 232 279 331 187 211 230 256 308 366 419
74 87 98 106 118 139 164 107 119 130 144 170 200 228
39 133 161 181 198 220 265 314 178 200 218 243 292 347 397
69 81 90 98 109 129 151 98 110 120 133 157 185 211
40 127 153 172 188 209 251 298 169 190 207 231 278 330 377
64 75 84 91 101 119 140 91 102 111 123 146 171 195
41 161 181 197 220 264 314 359
85 95 103 114 135 159 181
42 153 173 188 209 252 299 342
79 88 96 106 126 148 168
43 146 165 179 200 240 285 326
73 82 89 99 117 138 157
44 139 157 171 191 229 272 311
68 76 83 92 109 128 146
51
Joist
24K4 24K5 24K6 24K7 24K8 24K9 24K10 24K12 26K5 26K6 26K7 26K8 26K9 26K10 26K12
Designation
Depth (In.) 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 26 26 26 26 26 26 26
Approx. Wt.
8.4 9.3 9.7 10.1 11.5 12.0 13.1 16.0 9.8 10.6 10.9 12.1 12.2 13.8 16.6
(lbs./ft.)
Span (ft.)
24 520 550 550 550 550 550 550 550

516 544 544 544 544 544 544 544
25 479 540 550 550 550 550 550 550
456 511 520 520 520 520 520 520
26 442 499 543 550 550 550 550 550 542 550 550 550 550 550 550
405 453 493 499 499 499 499 499 535 541 541 541 541 541 541
27 410 462 503 550 550 550 550 550 502 547 550 550 550 550 550
361 404 439 479 479 479 479 479 477 519 522 522 522 522 522
28 381 429 467 521 550 550 550 550 466 508 550 550 550 550 550
323 362 393 436 456 456 456 456 427 464 501 501 501 501 501
29 354 400 435 485 536 550 550 550 434 473 527 550 550 550 550
290 325 354 392 429 436 436 436 384 417 463 479 479 479 479
30 331 373 406 453 500 544 550 550 405 441 492 544 550 550 550
262 293 319 353 387 419 422 422 346 377 417 457 459 459 459
31 310 349 380 424 468 510 550 550 379 413 460 509 550 550 550
237 266 289 320 350 379 410 410 314 341 378 413 444 444 444
32 290 327 357 397 439 478 549 549 356 387 432 477 519 549 549
215 241 262 290 318 344 393 393 285 309 343 375 407 431 431
33 273 308 335 373 413 449 532 532 334 364 406 448 488 532 532
196 220 239 265 289 313 368 368 259 282 312 342 370 404 404
34 257 290 315 351 388 423 502 516 315 343 382 422 459 516 516
179 201 218 242 264 286 337 344 237 257 285 312 338 378 378
35 242 273 297 331 366 399 473 501 297 323 360 398 433 501 501
164 184 200 221 242 262 308 324 217 236 261 286 310 356 356
36 229 258 281 313 346 377 447 487 280 305 340 376 409 486 487
150 169 183 203 222 241 283 306 199 216 240 263 284 334 334
37 216 244 266 296 327 356 423 474 265 289 322 356 387 460 474
138 155 169 187 205 222 260 290 183 199 221 242 262 308 315
38 205 231 252 281 310 338 401 461 251 274 305 337 367 436 461
128 143 156 172 189 204 240 275 169 184 204 223 241 284 299
39 195 219 239 266 294 320 380 449 238 260 289 320 348 413 449
118 132 144 159 174 189 222 261 156 170 188 206 223 262 283
40 185 208 227 253 280 304 361 438 227 247 275 304 331 393 438
109 122 133 148 161 175 206 247 145 157 174 191 207 243 269
41 176 198 216 241 266 290 344 427 215 235 262 289 315 374 427
101 114 124 137 150 162 191 235 134 146 162 177 192 225 256
42 168 189 206 229 253 276 327 417 205 224 249 275 300 356 417
94 106 115 127 139 151 177 224 125 136 150 164 178 210 244
43 160 180 196 219 242 263 312 406 196 213 238 263 286 339 407
88 98 107 118 130 140 165 213 116 126 140 153 166 195 232
44 153 172 187 209 231 251 298 387 187 204 227 251 273 324 398
82 92 100 110 121 131 154 199 108 118 131 143 155 182 222
45 146 164 179 199 220 240 285 370 179 194 217 240 261 310 389
76 86 93 103 113 122 144 185 101 110 122 133 145 170 212
46 139 157 171 191 211 230 272 354 171 186 207 229 250 296 380
71 80 87 97 106 114 135 174 95 103 114 125 135 159 203
47 133 150 164 183 202 220 261 339 164 178 199 219 239 284 369
67 75 82 90 99 107 126 163 89 96 107 117 127 149 192
48 128 144 157 175 194 211 250 325 157 171 190 210 229 272 353
63 70 77 85 93 101 118 153 83 90 100 110 119 140 180
49 150 164 183 202 220 261 339
78 85 94 103 112 131 169
50 144 157 175 194 211 250 325
73 80 89 97 105 124 159
51 139 151 168 186 203 241 313
69 75 83 91 99 116 150
52 133 145 162 179 195 231 301
65 71 79 86 93 110 142
52
Joist
28K6 28K7 28K8 28K9 28K10 28K12 30K7 30K8 30K9 30K10 30K11 30K12
Designation
Depth (In.) 28 28 28 28 28 28 30 30 30 30 30 30
Approx. Wt.
11.4 11.8 12.7 13.0 14.3 17.1 12.3 13.2 13.4 15.0 16.4 17.6
(lbs./ft.)
Span (ft.)
28 548 550 550 550 550 550

541 543 543 543 543 543
29 511 550 550 550 550 550
486 522 522 522 522 522
30 477 531 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550
439 486 500 500 500 500 543 543 543 543 543 543
31 446 497 550 550 550 550 534 550 550 550 550 550
397 440 480 480 480 480 508 520 520 520 520 520
32 418 466 515 549 549 549 501 549 549 549 549 549
361 400 438 463 463 463 461 500 500 500 500 500
33 393 438 484 527 532 532 471 520 532 532 532 532
329 364 399 432 435 435 420 460 468 468 468 468
34 370 412 456 496 516 516 443 490 516 516 516 516
300 333 364 395 410 410 384 420 441 441 441 441
35 349 389 430 468 501 501 418 462 501 501 501 501
275 305 333 361 389 389 351 384 415 415 415 415
36 330 367 406 442 487 487 395 436 475 487 487 487
252 280 306 332 366 366 323 353 383 392 392 392
37 312 348 384 418 474 474 373 413 449 474 474 474
232 257 282 305 344 344 297 325 352 374 374 374
38 296 329 364 396 461 461 354 391 426 461 461 461
214 237 260 282 325 325 274 300 325 353 353 353
39 280 313 346 376 447 449 336 371 404 449 449 449
198 219 240 260 306 308 253 277 300 333 333 333
40 266 297 328 357 424 438 319 353 384 438 438 438
183 203 222 241 284 291 234 256 278 315 315 315
41 253 283 312 340 404 427 303 335 365 427 427 427
170 189 206 224 263 277 217 238 258 300 300 300
42 241 269 297 324 384 417 289 320 348 413 417 417
158 175 192 208 245 264 202 221 240 282 284 284
43 230 257 284 309 367 407 276 305 332 394 407 407
147 163 179 194 228 252 188 206 223 263 270 270
44 220 245 271 295 350 398 263 291 317 376 398 398
137 152 167 181 212 240 176 192 208 245 258 258
45 210 234 259 282 334 389 251 278 303 359 389 389
128 142 156 169 198 229 164 179 195 229 246 246
46 201 224 248 270 320 380 241 266 290 344 380 380
120 133 146 158 186 219 153 168 182 214 236 236
47 192 214 237 258 306 372 230 255 277 329 372 372
112 125 136 148 174 210 144 157 171 201 226 226
48 184 206 227 247 294 365 221 244 266 315 362 365
105 117 128 139 163 201 135 148 160 188 215 216
49 177 197 218 237 282 357 212 234 255 303 347 357
99 110 120 130 153 193 127 139 150 177 202 207
50 170 189 209 228 270 350 203 225 245 291 333 350
93 103 113 123 144 185 119 130 141 166 190 199
51 163 182 201 219 260 338 195 216 235 279 320 343
88 97 106 115 136 175 112 123 133 157 179 192
52 157 175 193 210 250 325 188 208 226 268 308 336
83 92 100 109 128 165 106 116 126 148 169 184
53 151 168 186 203 240 313 181 200 218 258 296 330
78 87 95 103 121 156 100 109 119 140 159 177
54 145 162 179 195 232 301 174 192 209 249 285 324
74 82 89 97 114 147 94 103 112 132 150 170
55 140 156 173 188 223 290 168 185 202 240 275 312
70 77 85 92 108 139 89 98 106 125 142 161
56 135 151 166 181 215 280 162 179 195 231 265 301
66 73 80 87 102 132 84 92 100 118 135 153
57 156 173 188 223 256 290
80 88 95 112 128 145
58 151 167 181 215 247 280
76 83 90 106 121 137
59 146 161 175 208 239 271
72 79 86 101 115 130
60 141 156 169 201 231 262
69 75 81 96 109 124
53
Please reference Chapter Vl of SJI Technical Digest

No. 9 HANDLING AND ERECTION of steel joists and
KCS JOISTS joist girders (July, 1987).
M M
The KCS joists:
1. Provide a versatile K-Series joist that can be
easily specified to support uniform loads plus M o
concentrated and non-uniform loads.
2) Eliminate many repetitive load diagrams
required on contract documents and allow some R
flexibility of load locations.
KCS joists are designed in accordance with the Standard V o
Specifications for K-Series joists.
Standard K-Series Joists are designed for simple span
R
uniform load which results in a parabolic moment
diagram for chord forces and a linearly sloped shear KCS JOIST
diagram for web forces. When non-uniform and/or SHEAR AND MOMENT ENVELOPES
concentrated loads are encountered the shear and
moment diagrams required may be shaped quite EXAMPLE 1
differently and may not be covered by the shear and 1000 lb. (4.45kN)
moment design envelopes of a standard K-Series joist. 8 ft
KCS joist chords are designed for a flat positive moment (2438mm)
envelope. The moment capacity is constant at all interior
panels. The top chord end panel is designed for axial
load based on the force in the first tension web, which is W = 240 plf (3503N/m)
based on the specified shear. A uniform load of 550 plf
L = 40 ft. (12192mm)
(8020 N/m) is used to check end panel bending.
The web forces are determined based on a flat shear (L= design length)
envelope. All webs are designed for a vertical shear RL RR
equal to the specified shear capacity. Furthermore, all
webs (except the first tension web which remains in M = 625 in-kip (70.6 kN-m)
tension under all simple span gravity loads) will be RL= 5600 lbs. (24.9 kN), RR = 5000 lbs.(22.2 kN)
designed for 100% stress reversal.
Select a 22KCS3, M = 658 in-kip (74.3 kN-m)
The KCS joist load tables list the shear and moment
capacity of each joist. The selection of a KCS joist R = 6600 lbs. (29.3 kN)
requires the specifying professional to calculate the Bridging section no. 9 for L = 40 ft.(12192 mm)
maximum moment and shear imposed and select Use 22K9 to determine bridging and stability requirements.
the appropriate KCS joist. If a KCS joist cannot be
Since a standard KCS Joist can be selected from the
selected from the load table or if any uniform load
load table a load diagram is not required.
exceeds 550 plf (8020 N/m) or if the maximum concen-
trated load exceeds the shear capacity of the joist, use
double KCS joists or select an LH-SERIES joist. For the
LH-SERIES joist, supply a load diagram. When net uplift
loads, end moments or other external horizontal loads
are a design consideration, these loads shall be provided
to the joist manufacturer by the specifying professional.
As is the case with standard K-, LH- and DLH-SERIES
joists, chord bending due to concentrated loads must be
addressed. In the case of concentrated loads, the
specifying professional shall handle them in one of two
ways: 1) specify on the structural drawings that an extra
web must be field applied at all concentrated loads not
occurring at joist panel points, or 2) provide exact
locations of all concentrated loads for which the joist
manufacturer shall provide necessary reinforcement.
54
KCS JOISTS
EXAMPLE 2 Bridging section no. 12 for L = 55 ft. (16764 mm) Use

28K12 to determine bridging and stability requirements.
300 lb (1.33kN)
OPTION B: Select an LH-Series Joist. Calculate an
800 lb (3.56kN) equivalent uniform load based on the maximum moment
500 lb (2.2kN) 2’ 4’ 3’ or shear:
8M
1219 mm
610 mm
914 mm
WM = 2
= 641 plf (9.35 kN/m)
W = 160 plf (2335N/m)
L
W=270 plf (3940N/m)
2R
WV = = 509 plf (7.43 kN/m)
L
8 ft.
Use 641 plf (9.35 kN/m)
2438m L = 30 ft
From the LH-Series Load Table select a 32LH13.
(9144mm) W = 690 plf (10.06 kN/m) for a 55 ft. (16764 mm) span.
RL RR Specify a 32LH13SP and present a load diagram on the
structural drawings with the following note:
M = 443 in-kip (50.1 kN-m)
JOIST MANUFACTURER SHALL DESIGN FOR THE
RL = 5000 lbs. (22.2 kN), RR = 5340 lbs. (23.7 kN) LOADING SHOWN IN THE LOAD DIAGRAM.
Select a 22KCS2, M = 488 in-kip (55.1 kN-m)
R = 5900 lbs.(26.2 kN)
Bridging section no. 6 for L = 30 ft. (9144 mm)
Use 22K6 to determine bridging and stability require-
ments. Since the maximum uniform load of 430 plf
(6275 N/m) (270 plf (3940 N/m) + 160 plf (2335 N/m))
does not exceed the maximum KCS joist uniform load
of 550 plf (8020 N/m) and a standard KCS joist can
be selected from the load table, a load diagram is
not required.
EXAMPLE 3
2000 lb 2000 lb (8.9kN)
W =500plf
(7297N/m)
W = 300 plf (4378N/m)
20 ft 15 ft 20 ft
(6096mm) (4572mm) (6096mm)
L = 55 ft. (16764mm)
RL RR
M = 2910 in-kip (328.8 kN-m)

RL = RR = 14000 lbs. (62.3 kN)
EXCEEDS CAPACITY OF 30KCS5 (MAXIMUM KCS
JOIST) AND EXCEEDS MAX. UNIFORM LOAD OF
550 plf (8020 kN).
OPTION A: Use double joists each having a min.
M = 1455 in-kip
(164.4 kN-m) and R = 7000 lbs. (31.1 kN) and a uniform
load of 400 plf
(5838 N/m).
Select two 28KCS5, M = 1704 in-kip (192.5 kN-m)
R = 9200 lbs. (40.9 kN)
55
KCS JOISTS LOAD TABLE
(U.S. CUSTOMARY)
GROSS BRIDG
JOIST DEPTH MOMENT SHEAR APPROX. MOMENT TABLE.
DESIGNATION (inches) CAPACITY* CAPACITY* WEIGHT** OF INERTIA SECT
(inch-kips) (lbs) (lbs/ft) (in^4) NO.
10KCS1 10 172 2000 6.0 29 1
10KCS2 10 225 2500 7.5 37 1
10KCS3 10 296 3000 10.0 47 1
12KCS1 12 209 2400 6.0 43 3
12KCS2 12 274 3000 8.0 55 5
12KCS3 12 362 3500 10.0 71 5
14KCS1 14 247 2900 6.5 59 4
14KCS2 14 324 3400 8.0 77 6
14KCS3 14 428 3900 10.0 99 6
16KCS2 16 349 4000 8.5 99 6
16KCS3 16 470 4800 10.5 128 9
16KCS4 16 720 5300 14.5 192 9
16KCS5 16 934 5800 18.0 245 9
18KCS2 18 395 4700 9.0 127 6
18KCS3 18 532 5200 11.0 164 9
18KCS4 18 817 5700 15.0 247 10
18KCS5 18 1062 6200 18.5 316 10
20KCS2 20 442 5200 9.5 159 6
20KCS3 20 595 6000 11.5 205 9
20KCS4 20 914 7900 16.5 308 10
20KCS5 20 1191 8400 20.0 396 10
22KCS2 22 488 5900 10.0 194 6
22KCS3 22 658 6600 12.5 251 9
22KCS4 22 1012 7900 16.5 377 11
22KCS5 22 1319 8600 20.5 485 11
24KCS2 24 534 6300 10.0 232 6
24KCS3 24 720 7200 12.5 301 9
24KCS4 24 1108 8400 16.5 453 12
24KCS5 24 1448 8900 20.5 584 12
26KCS2 26 580 6600 10.0 274 6
26KCS3 26 783 7800 12.5 355 9
26KCS4 26 1206 8500 16.5 536 12
26KCS5 26 1576 9200 20.5 691 12
28KCS2 28 626 6900 10.5 320 6
28KCS3 28 846 8000 12.5 414 9
28KCS4 28 1303 8500 16.5 626 12
28KCS5 28 1704 9200 20.5 808 12
30KCS3 30 908 8000 13.0 478 9
30KCS4 30 1400 8500 16.5 722 12
30KCS5 30 1833 9200 21.0 934 12
* MAXIMUM UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD CAPACITY IS 550 PLF AND SINGLE CONCENTRATED
LOAD CANNOT EXCEED SHEAR CAPACITY.
** DOES NOT INCLUDE ACCESSORIES
56
ECONOMY TABLE
K-SERIES JOISTS
The table on the following pages is provided as an aid to deflection due to the design live load to ¹⁄₃₆₀ of the span).
the designer in selecting the most economical K-Series Span = 30'- 0"
joists for the loads and spans required. Although
considerable care has been taken in developing this Maximum joist depth allowed = 20"
chart, it must be realized that each joist manufacturer has DL = 48 psf (includes joist weight)
his own unique cost; consequently, the Steel Joist LL = 100 psf
Institute cannot guaranty the accuracy of this Table.
TL = 148 psf
The K-Series joists are arranged in accordance with their
WTL = 148 x 2.5 = 370 plf
weight per foot; where two or more joists weigh the
same, they are arranged according to their depth. WLL = 100 x 2.5 = 250 plf
To utilize this table, determine the span (ft.) and load (plf.) A 22K6 at a span of 30 feet can carry 371 plf of
required; go to the required span in the left hand column, Total Load and possesses a Live Load deflection figure
then read across until a load equal to or greater than the of 266 plf. However, it exceeds the maximum depth
required load is reached. The first joist that satisfies this limitation of 20 inches. A 20K7 fulfills the Total Load
loading is the most economical joist for those conditions. requirement but possesses a Live Load deflection figure
If this joist is too deep or too shallow, or does not satisfy of only 242 plf. It is then found that a 20K9 is the most
the deflection limitations, continue on horizontally to the economical joist that satisfies all the requirements of
right until a joist is found that satisfies the depth require- Total Load, Live Load deflection, and maximum depth
ments as well as the load and deflection requirements. limitation.
Where the joist span exceeds the unshaded area of
EXAMPLE: the table, the row of bridging nearest the midspan shall
Floor joists @ 2'-6" on center, supporting a structural be diagonal bridging with bolted connections at chords
concrete slab. (Section 5.9 of the Specifications limits the and midspan.
57
K-SERIES ECONOMY TABLE
Joist
Designation
Depth (In.) 10 12 8 14 16 12 14 16 18 14 20 16 12 18 16 20
Approx. Wt. 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.5 5.7 6.0 6.3 6.6 6.7 6.7 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.5 7.6
(lbs./ft)
Span (ft)
8 550
550
9 550
550
10 550 550
550 480
11 550 532
542 377
12 550 550 444 550 550
455 550 288 550 550
13 479 550 377 550 550
363 510 225 510 510
14 412 500 324 550 550 550 550 550
289 425 179 550 463 550 550 463
15 358 434 281 511 543 550 550 550
234 344 145 475 428 507 507 434
16 313 380 246 448 550 476 550 550 550 550 550 550
192 282 119 390 550 351 467 550 467 550 396 550
17 277 336 395 512 420 495 550 550 550 550 550
159 234 324 488 291 404 526 443 526 366 526
18 246 299 352 456 374 441 508 550 530 550 507 550 550
134 197 272 409 245 339 456 550 397 490 317 550 490
19 221 268 315 408 335 395 455 514 475 547 454 550 550
113 167 230 347 207 287 386 494 336 452 269 523 455
20 199 241 284 368 302 356 410 463 428 517 493 409 550 550 550
97 142 197 297 177 246 330 423 287 517 386 230 490 426 550
21 218 257 333 273 322 371 420 388 468 447 370 506 503 550
123 170 255 153 212 285 364 248 453 333 198 426 373 520
22 199 234 303 249 293 337 382 353 426 406 337 460 458 514
106 147 222 132 184 247 316 215 393 289 172 370 323 461
23 181 214 277 227 268 308 349 322 389 371 308 420 418 469
93 128 194 116 160 216 276 188 344 252 150 323 282 402
24 166 196 254 208 245 283 320 295 357 340 282 385 384 430
81 113 170 101 141 189 242 165 302 221 132 284 248 353
25 180 234 226 260 294 272 329 313 355 353 396
100 150 124 167 214 145 266 195 250 219 312
26 166 216 209 240 272 251 304 289 328 326 366
88 133 110 148 190 129 236 173 222 194 277
27 154 200 193 223 252 233 281 268 303 302 339
79 119 98 132 169 115 211 155 198 173 247
28 143 186 180 207 234 216 261 249 282 281 315
70 106 88 118 151 103 189 138 177 155 221
29 173 193 218 243 232 263 261 293
95 106 136 170 124 159 139 199
30 161 180 203 227 216 245 244 274
86 96 123 153 112 144 126 179
31 151 168 190 212 203 229 228 256
78 87 111 138 101 130 114 162
32 142 158 178 199 190 215 214 240
71 79 101 126 92 118 103 147
33 168 187 202 226
92 114 108 134
34 158 176 190 212
84 105 98 122
35 149 166 179 200
77 96 90 112
36 141 157 169 189
70 88 82 103
37 148 1 79
81 95
38 141 1 70
74 87
39 133 1 61
69 81
40 127 1 53
64 75
58
Joist
Designation
Depth (In). 14 18 22 16 20 24 18 16 22 20 18 22 20 24 22 24
Approx. Wt. 7.7 7.7 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.8 8.9 9.0 9.2 9.3 9.3 9.7 9.7
(lbs./ft)
Span (ft)
14 550
550
15 550
507
16 550 550 550
467 550 550
17 550 550 550
443 526 526
18 550 550 550 550 550 550
408 550 490 550 490 550
19 550 550 550 550 550 550
383 523 455 523 455 523
20 525 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550
347 490 426 550 490 426 550 490 550
21 475 550 548 550 550 550 550 550 550
299 460 405 520 460 406 520 460 520
22 432 518 550 498 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550
259 414 548 351 490 438 385 548 490 438 548 490 548
23 395 473 518 455 529 516 507 550 550 550 550 550 550
226 362 491 307 451 393 339 518 468 418 518 468 518
24 362 434 475 418 485 520 473 465 536 528 526 550 550 550 550 550
199 318 431 269 396 516 345 298 483 430 382 495 448 544 495 544
25 334 400 438 384 446 479 435 428 493 486 485 537 541 540 550 550
175 281 381 238 350 456 305 263 427 380 337 464 421 511 474 520
26 308 369 404 355 412 442 402 395 455 449 448 496 500 499 550 543
156 249 338 211 310 405 271 233 379 337 299 411 373 453 454 493
27 285 342 374 329 382 410 372 366 422 416 415 459 463 462 512 503
139 222 301 188 277 361 241 208 337 301 267 367 333 404 406 439
28 265 318 348 306 355 381 346 340 392 386 385 427 430 429 475 467
124 199 270 168 248 323 216 186 302 269 239 328 298 362 364 393
29 296 324 285 330 354 322 317 365 360 359 398 401 400 443 435
179 242 151 223 290 194 167 272 242 215 295 268 325 327 354
30 276 302 266 308 331 301 296 341 336 335 371 374 373 413 406
161 219 137 201 262 175 151 245 218 194 266 242 293 295 319
31 258 283 249 289 310 281 277 319 314 313 347 350 349 387 380
146 198 124 182 237 158 137 222 198 175 241 219 266 267 289
32 242 265 233 271 290 264 259 299 295 294 326 328 327 363 357
132 180 112 165 215 144 124 201 179 159 219 199 241 242 262
33 228 249 254 273 248 281 277 276 306 309 308 341 335
121 164 150 196 131 183 163 145 199 181 220 221 239
34 214 235 239 257 233 265 261 260 288 290 290 321 315
110 149 137 179 120 167 149 132 182 165 201 202 218
35 202 221 226 242 220 249 246 245 272 274 273 303 297
101 137 126 164 110 153 137 121 167 151 184 185 200
36 191 209 213 229 208 236 232 232 257 259 258 286 281
92 126 115 150 101 141 125 111 153 139 169 169 183
37 198 202 216 223 220 243 245 244 271 266
116 106 138 130 115 141 128 155 156 169
38 187 191 205 211 208 230 232 231 256 252
107 98 128 119 106 130 118 143 144 156
39 178 181 195 200 198 218 220 219 243 239
98 90 118 110 98 120 109 132 133 144
40 169 172 185 190 188 207 209 208 231 227
91 84 109 102 91 111 101 122 123 133
41 161 176 181 197 198 220 216
85 101 95 103 114 114 124
42 153 168 173 188 189 209 206
79 94 88 96 106 106 115
43 146 160 165 179 180 200 196
73 88 82 89 98 99 107
44 139 153 157 171 172 191 187
68 82 76 83 92 92 100
45 146 164 179
76 86 93
46 139 157 171
71 80 87
47 133 150 164
67 75 82
48 128 144 157
63 70 77
59
Joist
Designation
Depth (In). 26 16 24 18 26 20 26 22 28 24 18 28 24 26 20 26
Approx. Wt
9.8 10 10.1 10.2 10.6 10.8 10.9 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.7 11.8 12 12.1 12.2 12.2
(lbs./ft.)
Span (ft.)
16 550
550
17 550
526
18 550 550 550
490 550 550
19 550 550 550
455 523 523
20 550 550 550 550 550
426 490 550 490 550
21 550 550 550 550 550
406 460 520 460 520
22 550 550 550 550 550 550
385 438 490 548 438 4 90
23 550 550 550 550 550 550
363 418 468 518 418 4 68
24 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550
346 544 396 448 495 544 396 544 448
25 514 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550
311 520 377 426 474 520 377 520 426
26 542 474 550 538 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550
535 276 499 354 541 405 541 454 499 361 499 541 405 541
27 502 439 550 498 547 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550
477 246 479 315 519 389 522 432 479 347 479 522 389 522
28 466 408 521 463 508 517 550 550 548 550 548 550 550 550 550 550
427 220 436 282 464 353 501 413 541 456 331 543 456 501 375 501
29 434 380 485 431 473 482 527 532 511 536 511 550 550 550 550 550
384 198 392 254 417 317 463 387 486 429 298 522 436 479 359 479
30 405 355 453 402 441 450 492 497 477 500 477 531 544 544 533 550
346 178 353 229 377 286 417 349 439 387 269 486 419 457 336 459
31 379 332 424 376 413 421 460 465 446 468 446 497 510 509 499 550
314 161 320 207 341 259 378 316 397 350 243 440 379 413 304 444
32 356 311 397 353 387 395 432 436 418 439 418 466 478 477 468 519
285 147 290 188 309 235 343 287 361 318 221 400 344 375 276 407
33 334 373 332 364 371 406 410 393 413 393 438 449 448 440 488
259 265 171 282 214 312 261 329 289 201 364 313 342 251 370
34 315 351 312 343 349 382 386 370 388 370 412 423 422 414 459
237 242 156 257 195 285 239 300 264 184 333 286 312 229 338
35 297 331 294 323 329 360 364 349 366 349 389 399 398 390 433
217 221 143 236 179 261 219 275 242 168 305 262 286 210 310
36 280 313 278 305 311 340 344 330 346 330 367 377 376 369 409
199 203 132 216 164 240 201 252 222 154 280 241 263 193 284
37 265 296 289 294 322 325 312 327 348 356 356 349 387
183 187 199 151 221 185 232 205 257 222 242 178 262
38 251 281 274 279 305 308 296 310 329 338 337 331 367
169 172 184 139 204 170 214 189 237 204 223 164 241
39 238 266 260 265 289 292 280 294 313 320 320 314 348
156 159 170 129 188 157 198 174 219 189 206 151 223
40 227 253 247 251 275 278 266 280 297 304 304 298 331
145 148 157 119 174 146 183 161 203 175 191 140 207
41 215 241 235 262 264 253 266 283 290 289 315
134 137 146 162 135 170 150 189 162 177 192
42 205 229 224 249 252 241 253 269 276 275 300
125 127 136 150 126 158 139 175 151 164 178
43 196 219 213 238 240 230 242 257 263 263 286
116 118 126 140 117 147 130 163 140 153 166
44 187 209 204 227 229 220 231 245 251 251 273
108 110 118 131 109 137 121 152 131 143 155
45 179 199 194 217 210 220 234 240 240 261
101 103 110 122 128 113 142 122 133 145
46 171 191 186 207 201 211 224 230 229 250
95 97 103 114 120 106 133 114 125 135
47 164 183 178 199 192 202 214 220 219 239
89 90 96 107 112 99 125 107 117 127
48 157 175 171 190 184 194 206 211 210 229
83 85 90 100 105 93 117 101 110 119
49 150 164 183 177 197 202 220
78 85 94 99 110 103 112
50 144 157 175 170 189 194 211
73 80 89 93 103 97 105
51 139 151 168 163 182 186 203
69 75 83 88 97 91 99
52 133 145 162 157 175 179 195
65 71 79 83 92 86 93
53 151 168
78 87
54 145 162
74 82
55 140 156
70 77
56 135 151
66 73
60
Joist
Designation
Depth (In.) 30 22 28 28 24 30 30 22 26 28 30 24 30 26 28 30
Approx. Wt. 12.3 12.6 12.7 13 13.1 13.2 13.4 13.8 13.8 14.3 15 16 16.4 16.6 17.1 17.6
(lbs/ft)
Span (ft.)
22 550 550
548 548
23 550 550
518 518
24 550 550 550 550
495 544 495 544
25 550 550 550 550
474 520 474 520
26 550 550 550 550 550 550
454 499 454 541 499 541
27 550 550 550 550 550 550
432 479 432 522 479 522
28 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550
413 543 543 456 413 501 543 456 501 543
29 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550
399 522 522 436 399 479 522 436 479 522
30 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550
543 385 500 500 422 543 543 385 459 500 543 422 543 459 500 543
31 534 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550
508 369 480 480 410 520 520 369 444 480 520 410 520 444 480 520
32 501 517 515 549 549 549 549 549 549 549 549 549 549 549 549 549
461 337 438 463 393 500 500 355 431 463 500 393 500 431 463 500
33 471 486 484 527 532 520 532 532 532 532 532 532 532 532 532 532
420 307 399 432 368 460 468 334 404 435 468 368 468 404 435 468
34 443 458 456 496 502 490 516 516 516 516 516 516 516 516 516 516
384 280 364 395 337 420 441 314 378 410 441 344 441 378 410 441
35 418 432 430 468 473 462 501 494 501 501 501 501 501 501 501 501
351 257 333 361 308 384 415 292 356 389 415 324 415 356 389 415
36 395 408 406 442 447 436 475 467 486 487 487 487 487 487 487 487
323 236 306 332 283 353 383 269 334 366 392 306 392 334 366 392
37 373 386 384 418 423 413 449 442 460 474 474 474 474 474 474 474
297 217 282 305 260 325 352 247 308 344 374 290 374 315 344 374
38 354 366 364 396 401 391 426 419 436 461 461 461 461 461 461 461
274 200 260 282 240 300 325 228 284 325 353 275 353 299 325 353
39 336 347 346 376 380 371 404 397 413 447 449 449 449 449 449 449
253 185 240 260 222 277 300 211 262 306 333 261 333 283 308 333
40 319 330 328 357 361 353 384 377 393 424 438 438 438 438 438 438
234 171 222 241 206 256 278 195 243 284 315 247 315 269 291 315
41 303 314 312 340 344 335 365 359 374 404 427 427 427 427 427 427
217 159 206 224 191 238 258 181 225 263 300 235 300 256 277 300
42 289 299 297 324 327 320 348 342 356 384 413 417 417 417 417 417
202 148 192 208 177 221 240 168 210 245 282 224 284 244 264 284
43 276 285 284 309 312 305 332 326 339 367 394 406 407 407 407 407
188 138 179 194 165 206 223 157 195 228 263 213 270 232 252 270
44 263 272 271 295 298 291 317 311 324 350 376 387 398 398 398 398
176 128 167 181 154 192 208 146 182 212 245 199 258 222 240 258
45 251 259 282 285 278 303 310 334 359 370 389 389 389 389
164 156 169 144 179 195 170 198 229 185 246 212 229 246
46 241 248 270 272 266 290 296 320 344 354 380 380 380 380
153 146 158 135 168 182 159 186 214 174 236 203 219 236
47 230 237 258 261 255 277 284 306 329 339 372 369 372 372
144 136 148 126 157 171 149 174 201 163 226 192 210 226
48 221 227 247 250 244 266 272 294 315 325 362 353 365 365
135 128 139 118 148 160 140 163 188 153 215 180 201 216
49 212 218 237 234 255 261 282 303 347 339 357 357
127 120 130 139 150 131 153 177 202 169 193 207
50 203 209 228 225 245 250 270 291 333 325 350 350
119 113 123 130 141 124 144 166 190 159 185 199
51 195 201 219 216 235 241 260 279 320 313 338 343
112 106 115 123 133 116 136 157 179 150 175 192
52 188 193 210 208 226 231 250 268 308 301 325 336
106 100 109 116 126 110 128 148 169 142 165 184
53 181 186 203 200 218 240 258 296 313 330
100 95 103 109 119 121 140 159 156 177
54 174 179 195 192 209 232 249 285 301 324
94 89 97 103 112 114 132 150 147 170
55 168 173 188 185 202 223 240 275 290 312
89 85 92 98 106 108 125 142 139 161
56 162 166 181 179 195 215 231 265 280 301
84 80 87 92 100 102 118 135 132 153
57 156 173 188 223 256 290
80 88 95 112 128 145
58 151 167 181 215 247 280
76 83 90 106 121 137
59 146 161 175 208 239 271
72 79 86 101 115 130
60 141 156 169 201 231 262
69 75 81 96 109 124
61
LONGSPAN AND DEEP LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS,
LH- AND DLH-SERIES
INTRODUCTION
Parallel Chords, Underslung
Longspan and Deep Longspan Steel Joists are relative-
ly lightweight shop-fabricated steel trusses. Longspan
Steel Joists are used for the direct support of floor or roof
slabs or decks between walls, beams, and main struc- Parallel Chords, Square Ends
tural members. Deep Longspan Steel Joists are used for
the direct support of roof slabs or decks between walls,
beams and main structural members.
The LH- and DLH-Series have been designed for the Top Chord Pitched One Way, Underslung
purpose of extending the use of joists to spans in excess
of those covered by Open Web Joists.
Longspan Series Joists have been standardized in
depths from 18" (457 mm) through 48" (1219 mm), for
Top Chord P itched One Way, Square Ends
clear spans through 96 feet (29260 mm).
Deep Longspan Series Joists have been standardized in
depths from 52" (1321 mm) through 72" (1829 mm), for
clear spans up through 144 feet (43891 mm).
Top Chord Pitched Two Ways, Underslung
STANDARD TYPES
Top Chord Pitched Two Ways, Square Ends
Longspan and Deep Longspan Steel Joists can be
The illustrations above indicate Longspan and Deep
furnished with either underslung or square ends, with
Longspan Steel Joists with modified WARREN type web
parallel chords or with single or double pitched top
systems. However, the web systems may be any type,
chords to provide sufficient slope for roof drainage.
whichever is standard with the manufacturer furnishing
Square end joists are primarily intended for bottom
the product.
chord bearing.
Sloped parallel-chord joists shall use span as defined
by the length along the slope. The joist designation is
determined by its nominal depth at the center of the span
ACCESSORIES
and by the chord size designation.
The depth of the bearing seat at the ends of underslung
LH- DLH- Longspan Joists has been established at
5" (127 mm) for chord sizes #2 through #17. A bearing
seat depth of 7¹⁄₂ inches (191 mm) has been established CEILING
for the DLH-Series chord sizes #18 and #19. EXTENSION
LONGSPAN AND DEEP
LONGSPAN JOISTS FOR ROOF
All Longspan and Deep Longspan Steel Joists are CONSTRUCTION ON
STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMNS
fabricated with standardized camber as listed in para-
graph 103.6.
LONGSPAN JOISTS FOR BOLTED

FLOOR CONSTRUCTION ON CONNECTIONS
STRUCTURAL STEEL
Where Longspan or Deep Longspan Joists are

supported on structural steel members, the connection is
generally field welded. The number, size and length of
welds should be specified. Where bolted connections are
specified, slotted holes are provided in the bearing seats
for this purpose.
62
FOR LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS, LH-SERIES AND
DEEP LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS, DLH-SERIES
ANSI Designation: SJI-LH/DLH-1.0
Adopted by the Steel Joist Institute February 15, 1978
SECTION 100. SECTION 102.

SCOPE MATERIALS
These specifications cover the design, manufacture and 102.1 STEEL
use of Longspan Steel Joists LH-Series, and Deep The steel used in the manufacture of chord and web
Longspan Steel Joists, DLH-Series. sections shall conform to one of the following ASTM
Specifications:
SECTION 101. • Carbon Structural Steel, ASTM A36/A36M.
DEFINITION • High-Strength, Low-Alloy Structural Steel, ASTM
A242/A242M.
The term “Longspan Steel Joists LH-Series and Deep
Longspan Steel Joists DLH-Series”, as used herein, • High-Strength Carbon-Manganese Steel of
refers to open web, load-carrying members utilizing hot- Structural Quality ASTM A529/A529M, Grade 50.
rolled or cold-formed steel, including cold-formed steel • High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium
whose yield strength* has been attained by cold working. Structural Steel, ASTM A572/A572M Grade 42,
LH-Series are suitable for the direct support of floors 45, and 50.
and roof decks in buildings, and DLH-Series are suitable • High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel with
for direct support of roof decks in buildings. 50 ksi (345 MPa) Minimum Yield Point to 4 inches
The design of LH- and DLH-Series joist chord and web (102 mm) thick, ASTM A588/A588M.
sections shall be based on a yield strength of at least • Steel, Sheet and Strip, High-Strength, Low-Alloy,
36 ksi (250 MPa), but not greater than 50 ksi (345 MPa). Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, with Improved
Steel used for LH- and DLH-Series joist chord or web Corrosion Resistance, ASTM A606.
sections shall have a minimum yield strength determined • Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled, Carbon, Structural,
in accordance with one of the procedures specified in High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-Strength Low-
Section 102.2, which is equal to the yield strength Alloy with Improved Formability, ASTM
assumed in the design. LH- and DLH-Series joist shall A1008/A1008M.
be designed in accordance with these specifications to
support the loads given in the attached Standard Load • Steel, Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled, Carbon,
Tables for LH- and DLH-Series joists. Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-
Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability,
* The term “Yield Strength” as used herein shall designate
ASTM A1011/A1011M.
the yield level of a material as determined by the
applicable method outlined in paragraph 13.1, “Yield or shall be of suitable quality ordered or produced to
Point” and in paragraph 13.2, “Yield Strength”, of ASTM other than the listed specifications, provided that such
Standard A370, “Standard Test Methods and material in the state used for final assembly and manu-
Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel facture is weldable and is proved by tests performed by
Products”, or as specified in Section 102.2 of this the producer or manufacturer to have the properties
Specification. specified in Section 102.2.
102.2 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
The yield strength used as a basis for the design
stresses prescribed in Section 103 shall be at least 36 ksi
(250 MPa), but shall not be greater than 50 ksi
(345 MPa). Evidence that the steel furnished meets or
exceeds the design yield strength shall, if requested, be
Standard Specifications and Load Tables, Longspan provided in the form of an affidavit or by witnessed or
Steel Joists, LH-Series and Deep Longspan Steel Joist certified test reports.
DLH-Series For material used without consideration of increase in
Steel Joist Institute – Copyright, 2002 yield strength resulting from cold forming, the specimens
shall be taken from as-rolled material. In the case of
63
LONGSPAN AND DEEP LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS, LH- AND DLH-SERIES
material, the mechanical properties which conform to the (250 MPa), and the other having a specified mini-
requirements of one of the listed specifications, test mum yield strength greater than 36 ksi (250 MPa).
specimens and procedure shall conform to those of such AWS A5.1, E60XX
specifications and to ASTM A370. AWS A5.17, FXX-EXXX flux electrode combination
In the case of material, the mechanical properties which AWS A5.20, E60T-X
do not conform to the requirements of one of the listed or any of those listed in Section 102.3(a).
specifications, the test specimens and procedures shall
conform to the applicable requirements of ASTM A370, Other welding methods, providing equivalent strength as
and the specimens shall exhibit a yield strength equal to demonstrated by tests, may be used.
or exceeding the design yield strength and an elongation 102.4 PAINT
of not less than (a) 20 percent in 2 inches (51 mm) for
sheet and strip, or (b) 18 percent in 8 inches (203 mm) The standard shop paint is intended to protect the
for plates, shapes and bars with adjustments for thick- steel for only a short period of exposure in ordinary
ness for plates, shapes and bars as prescribed in ASTM atmospheric conditions and shall be considered an
A36/A36M, A242/A242M, A529/A529M, A572/A572M, impermanent and provisional coating.
A588/A588M, whichever specification is applicable on When specified, the standard shop paint shall conform to
the basis of design yield strength. one of the following:
The number of tests shall be as prescribed in ASTM (a) Steel Structures Painting Council Specification,
A6/A6M for plates, shapes, and bars; and ASTM SSPC No. 15
A570/A570M, A606, A607, and A611 for sheet and strip. (b) Or, shall be a shop paint which meets the minimum
If as-formed strength is utilized, the test reports shall performance requirements of the above listed
show the results of tests performed on full section specification.
specimens in accordance with the provisions of the AISI
Specifications for the Design of Cold formed Steel SECTION 103.
Structural Members and shall indicate compliance
with these provisions and with the following additional DESIGN AND
requirements: MANUFACTURE
or exceed the design yield strength. 103.1 METHOD
(b) Where tension tests are made for acceptance and Joists shall be designed in accordance with these
control purposes, the tensile strength shall be at specifications as simply supported, uniformly loaded
least 6 percent greater than the yield strength of trusses supporting a floor or roof deck so constructed as
the section. to brace the top chord of the joists against lateral
(c) Where compression tests are used for acceptance buckling. Where any applicable design feature is not
and control purposes, the specimen shall withstand a specifically covered herein, the design shall be in
gross shortening of 2 percent of its original length accordance with the following specifications.
without cracking. The length of the specimen shall be (a) American Institute of Steel Construction
not greater than 20 times its least radius of gyration. Specification for Design, Fabrication and Erection of
(d) If any test specimen fails to pass the requirements of Structural Steel for Buildings (Allowable Stress
subparagraphs a, b, and c above, as applicable, two Design), where the material used consists of plates,
retests shall be made of specimens from the same shapes or bars.
lot. Failure of one of the retest specimens to meet (b) American Iron and Steel Institute Specification for
such requirements shall be the cause for rejection of the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural
the lot represented by the specimens. Members, for members which are formed from sheet
or strip material.
102.3 WELDING ELECTRODES
103.2 UNIT STRESSES
The following electrodes shall be used for arc welding:
(a) For connected members both having a specified min- Joists shall have their components so proportioned that
imum yield strength greater than 36 ksi (250 MPa). the unit stresses in kips per square inch (Mega Pascals)
shall not exceed the following, where Fy is the yield
AWS A5.1 or A5.5, E70XX strength defined in Section 102.2:
AWS A5.17, F7XX -EXXX flux electrode combination
AWS A5.18, E70S-X or E7OU-1 (a) Tension:
AWS A5.20, E7OT-X All members.......................................Ft = 0.6Fy
(b) For connected members both having a specified
minimum yield strength of 36 ksi (250 MPa) or one
having a specified minimum yield strength of 36 ksi
64
(b) Compression 103.3 MAXIMUM SLENDERNESS RATIOS

For members with K /r less than Cc: The slenderness ratios, 1.0 /r and 1.0 s/r of members
2 as a whole or any component part shall not exceed the
K r values given in Table 103.3.1, Parts A.
1- 2 QFy
2C c The effective slenderness ratio, K /r*, to be used in
Fa = 3 calculating the allowable stresses Fa and F'e, is
5 3 K r 1 K r the largest value as determined from Table 103.3.1,
+ -
3 8 Cc 8 Cc Parts B and C.
In compression members when fillers or ties are used,
they shall be spaced so that the s/rz ratio of each
2 2E component does not exceed the governing /r ratio of the
where Cc = and member as a whole. The terms are defined as follows:
QFy
= Length center-to-center of panel points, except
where Q is a form factor equal to unity except when = 36" (914 mm) for calculating /ry of top chord
the width-thickness ratio of one or more elements of member.
the profile exceeds the limiting width-thickness ratios * See AISC Specification Section C2.1 and P.N. Chod and
for noncompact sections specified in the AISC T. V. Galambos, Compression Chords Without Fillers in
Specifications, Section B5 (Allowable Stress Design) Longspan Steel Joists, Research Report No. 36, June
for hot-rolled sections; where K is a length factor 1975 Structural Division, Civil Engineering Department,
used to determine the effective slenderness ratio as Washington University, St. Louis, MO.
shown in Table 103.3.1.
For cold-formed sections, the method of calculating
the allowable column design strength is given in the
AISI Specification.
For members with K /r greater than Cc:
2
12 E
Fa = 2
23 K r
In the above formulas, K /r taken as the appropriate

effective slenderness ratio as determined from
Section 103.3 and “E” is equal to 29,000 ksi
(200,000 MPa).
(c) Bending:
For chords and web members other than solid
rounds
Fb = 0.6Fy
For web members of solid round cross section
Fb = 0.9Fy
For bearing plates
Fb = 0.75Fy
(d) Weld Stresses:
Shear at throat of fillet welds:
Made with E70 series electrodes or F7XX-EXXX-X
flux-electrode combinations. . . . . . . 21 ksi (145 MPa)
Made with E60 series electrodes or F6XX-EXXX-X
flux-electrode combinations . . . . . . 18 ksi (124 MPa)
Tension or compression on groove or butt welds
shall be the same as those specified for the
connected material.
65
= maximum length center-to-center between panel

s ry = member radius of gyration out of the plane of the joist.
point and filler (tie), or between adjacent fillers (ties). rz = least radius of gyration of a member component.
rx = member radius of gyration in the plane of the joist.
TABLE 103.3.1
MAXIMUM AND EFFECTIVE SLENDERNESS RATIOS
I TOP CHORD INTERIOR PANEL
A. The slenderness ratios, 1.0 /r and 1.0 s/r, of members as a whole or any component part shall not exceed 90.
B. The effective slenderness ratio to determine “Fa”

1. With fillers or ties 0.75 /rx 1.0 /ry 1.0 s/rz
2. Without fillers or ties 0.75 /rz
3. Single component members 0.75 /rx 1.0 /ry
C. The effective slenderness ratio to determine “F'e”
1. With fillers or ties 0.75 /rx
2. Without fillers or ties 0.75 /rx
3. Single component members 0.75 /rx
II TOP CHORD END PANEL

3. Single component members 1.0 /rx 1.0 /ry
C. The effective slenderness ratio to determine “F'e”
1. With fillers or ties 1.0 /rx
2. Without fillers or ties 1.0 /rx
3. Single component members 1.0 /rx
III TENSION MEMBERS - CHORDS AND WEBS

IV COMPRESSION WEB MEMBERS

3. Single component members 0.75 /rx* 1.0 /ry
* Use 1.2 /rx for a crimped, first primary compression web member when a moment-resistant weld group is not used for
this member.
66
103.4 MEMBERS (d) Eccentricity

(a) Chords Members connected at a joint shall have their center
The bottom chord shall be designed as an axially of gravity lines meet at a point, if practical.
loaded tension member. Eccentricity on either side of the neutral axis of chord
members may be neglected when it does not exceed
The top chord shall be designed as a continuous the distance between the neutral axis and the back
member subject to combined axial and bending of the chord. Otherwise, provision shall be made for
stresses and shall be so proportioned that the stresses due to eccentricity. Ends of joists shall
fa + fb ≤ 0.6 Fy at the panel point; and be proportioned to resist bending produced by
eccentricity at the support.
fa Cm fb
+ ≤ 1.0, at mid-panel; in which In those cases where a single angle compression
Fa fa member is attached to the outside of the stem of a
1- QFb tee or double angle chord, due consideration shall
F e’
be given to eccentricity.
Cm = 1 - 0.3fa/F'e for end panels (e) Extended Ends
Cm = 1 - 0.4fa/F'e for interior panels Extended top chords or full depth cantilever
fa = Computed axial unit compressive stress ends require the special attention of the specifying
professional. The magnitude and location of the
fb = Computed bending unit compressive stress at
design loads to be supported, the deflection
the point under consideration
requirements, and the proper bracing shall be
Fa = Permissible axial unit compressive stress clearly indicated on the structural drawings.
based on K /r.
Fb = Permissible bending unit stress; 0.6Fy 103.5 CONNECTIONS
2 (a) Methods
12 E
F'e = 2 Joist connections and splices shall be made by
23 K rx attaching the members to one another by arc or
rx = Radius of gyration about the axis of bending resistance welding or other approved method.
Q = Form factor as defined in Section 103.2(b). 1) Welded Connections
The radius of gyration of the top chord about its a) Selected welds shall be inspected visually by
vertical axis shall be not less than /170 where is the manufacturer. Prior to this inspection,
the spacing in inches (millimeter) between lines of weld slag shall be removed.
bridging as specified in Section 104.5(d). b) Cracks are not acceptable and shall be
The top chord shall be considered as stayed repaired.
laterally by the floor slab or roof deck provided c) Thorough fusion shall exist between layers of
the requirements of Section 104.9(e) of these speci- weld metal and between weld metal and
fications are met. base metal for the required design length of
(b) Web the weld; such fusion shall be verified by
visual inspection.
The vertical shears to be used in the design of the
web members shall be determined from full uniform d) Unfilled weld craters shall not be included in
loading, but such vertical shears shall be not less the design length of the weld.
than 25 percent of the end reaction. e) Undercut shall not exceed 1/16 inch (2 mm)
Interior vertical web members used in modified for welds oriented parallel to the principal
Warren type web systems shall be designed to resist stress.
the gravity loads supported by the member plus ¹⁄₂ of f) The sum of surface (piping) porosity diame-
1.0 percent of the top chord axial force. ters shall not exceed ¹⁄₁₆ inch (2 mm) in any
(c) Depth 1 inch (25 mm) of design weld length.
Joists may have either parallel chords or a top chord g) Weld spatter that does not interfere with paint
slope of ¹⁄₈ inch per foot (1:96). The depth, for the coverage is acceptable.
purpose of design, in all cases shall be the depth at 2) Welding Program
mid-span. Manufacturers shall have a program for
establishing weld procedures and operator
qualification, and for weld sampling and testing.
67
3) Weld Inspection by Outside Agencies (See 103.7 VERIFICATION OF DESIGN AND

Section 104.13 of these specifications). MANUFACTURE
The agency shall arrange for visual inspection to (a) Design Calculations
determine that welds meet the acceptance
Companies manufacturing any LH- or DLH-Series
standards of Section 103.5(a)(1) above.
Joists shall submit design data to the Steel Joist
Ultrasonic, X-Ray, and magnetic particle testing
Institute (or an independent agency approved by the
are inappropriate for joists due to the configura-
Steel Joist Institute) for verification of compliance
tions of the components and welds.
with the SJI Specifications.
(b) Strength
(d) In-Plant Inspections
Joint connections shall develop the maximum force
Each manufacturer shall verify his ability to manu-
due to any of the design loads, but not less than
facture LH- and DLH-Series Joists through periodic
50 percent of the allowable strength of the member
In-Plant Inspections. Inspections shall be performed
in tension or compression, whichever force is the
by an independent agency approved by the Steel
controlling factor in the selection of the member.
Joist Institute. The frequency, manner of inspection,
(c) Shop Splices and manner of reporting shall be determined by the
Shop splices may occur at any point in chord or web Steel Joist Institute. The plant inspections are not a
members. Splices shall be designed for the member guaranty of the quality of any specific joists; this
force but not less than 50 percent of the allowable responsibility lies fully and solely with the individual
member strength. Members containing a butt weld manufacturer.
splice shall develop an ultimate tensile force of at
least 57 ksi (393 MPa) times the full design area of SECTION 104.
the chord or web. The term “member” shall be
defined as all component parts comprising the chord APPLICATION
or web, at the point of splice.
104.1 USAGE
(d) Field Splices
These specifications shall apply to any type of structure
Field Splices shall be designed by the manufacturer where floors and roofs are to be supported directly by
and may be either bolted or welded. Splices shall be steel joists installed as hereinafter specified. Where joists
designed for the member force, but not less than are used other than on simple spans under uniformly
50 percent of the allowable member strength. distributed loading as prescribed in Section 103.1, they
shall be investigated and modified if necessary to limit the
103.6 CAMBER
unit stresses to those listed in Section 103.2.
Joists shall have approximate cambers in accordance CAUTION: If a rigid connection of the bottom chord is to
with the following: be made to the column or other support, it shall be made
Top Chord Length Approximate Camber only after the application of the dead loads. The joist is
20'-0" (6096 mm) ¹⁄₄" (6 mm) then no longer simply supported, and the system must be
30'-0" (9144 mm) ³⁄₈" (10 mm) investigated for continuous frame action by the specifying
professional.
40'-0" (12192 mm) ⁵⁄₈" (16 mm)
The designed detail of a rigid type connection and
50'-0" (15240 mm) 1" (25 mm) moment plates shall be shown on the structural drawings
60'-0" (18288 mm) 1¹⁄₂" (38 mm) by the specifying professional. The moment plates shall
70'-0" (21336 mm) 2" (51 mm) be furnished by other than the joist manufacturer.
80'-0" (24384 mm) 2³⁄₄" (70 mm) 104.2 SPAN
90'-0" (27432 mm) 3¹⁄₂" (89 mm) The clear span of a joist shall not exceed 24 times its
100'-0" (30480 mm) 4¹⁄₄" (108 mm) depth. The term “Span” as used herein is defined as the
110'-0" (33528 mm) 5" (127 mm) clear span plus 8 inches (203 mm).
120'-0" (36576 mm) 6" (152 mm) 104.3 DEPTH
130-0" (39621 mm) 7" (178 mm) The nominal depth of pitched chord joists shall be the
140'-0" (42672 mm) 8" (203 mm) depth at mid-span. The standard slope of the top chord
144'-0" (43890 mm) 8¹⁄₂" (216 mm) shall be ¹⁄₈ inch per foot (1:96).
The specifying professional shall give due consideration
to coordinating joist camber with adjacent framing.
68
104.4 END SUPPORTS distance in inches (millimeters) between connections at

(a) Masonry and Concrete the point of intersection of the bracing members and the
connections to the chord of the joists.
LH- and DLH-Series joists supported by masonry or
concrete are to bear on steel bearing plates and shall (c) Bridging Lines
be designed as steel bearing. Due consideration of For spans up through 60 feet (18288 mm), welded
the end reactions and all other vertical and lateral horizontal bridging may be used except where the
forces shall be taken by the specifying professional in row of bridging nearest the center is required to be
the design of the steel bearing plate and the mason- bolted diagonal bridging as indicated by the
ry or concrete. The ends of LH- and DLH-Series red shaded area in the load table.
joists shall extend a distance of not less than 6 inch- For spans over 60 feet (18288 mm) bolted diagonal
es (152 mm) over the masonry or concrete support bridging shall be used as indicated by the blue and
and be anchored to the steel bearing plate. The plate gray shaded areas of the load table.
shall be located not more than ¹⁄₂ inch (13 mm) from (d) Spacing
the face of the wall and shall be not less 9 inches
(229 mm) wide perpendicular to the length of the The maximum spacing of lines of bridging shall not
joist. It is to be designed by the specifying profes- exceed the values in Table 104.5.1. See Section
sional in compliance with the allowable unit stresses 104.12 for bridging required for uplift forces.
in Section A5.1 (Allowable Stress Design) of the Table 104.5.1
A.I.S.C. Specification. The steel bearing plate shall
be furnished by other than the joist manufacturer. LH-DLH MAX. SPACING HORIZONTAL
Where it is deemed necessary to bear less than *SECTION OF LINES OF BRACING
NUMBER BRIDGING FORCE
6 inches (152 mm) over the masonry or concrete
support, special consideration is to be given to the lbs. (N)
design of the steel bearing plate and the masonry or
concrete by the specifying professional. The joists 02,03,04 11'-0" (3352 mm) 400 (1779)
must bear a minimum 4 inches (102 mm) on the 05,06 12'-0" (3657 mm) 500 (2224)
07,08 13'-0" (3962 mm) 650 (2891)
steel bearing plate.
09,10 14'-0" (4267 mm) 800 (3558)
(b) Steel 11,12 16'-0" (4876 mm) 1000 (4448)
Due consideration of the end reactions and all other 13,14 16'-0" (4876 mm) 1200 (5337)
vertical and lateral forces shall be taken by the spec- 15,16 21'-0" (6400 mm) 1600 (7117)
ifying professional in the design of the steel support. 17 21'-0" (6400 mm) 1800 (8006)
18,19 26'-0" (7924 mm) 2000 (8896)
The ends of LH or DLH-Series joists shall extend a
distance of not less than 4 inches (102 mm) over the Number of lines of bridging is based on joist clear span
steel supports. Where it is deemed necessary to butt dimensions.
opposite joists over a narrow steel support with bear- *Last two digits of joist designation shown in load table.
ing less than that noted above, special ends must be (e) Connections
specified, and such ends shall have positive attach-
ment to the support, either by bolting or welding. Connections to the chords of the steel joists shall be
made by positive mechanical means or by welding,
104.5 BRIDGING and capable of resisting a horizontal force not less
(a) Horizontal than that specified in Table 104.5.1.
Horizontal bridging lines shall consist of two contin- (f) Bottom Chord Bearing Joists
uous horizontal steel members, one attached to the Where bottom chord bearing joists are utilized, there
top chord and the other attached to the bottom shall be a row of diagonal bridging near the support
chord. The /r of the bridging member shall not to provide lateral stability. This bridging shall be
exceed 300, where is the distance in inches installed as the joists are set in place.
(millimeters) between attachments and r is the least
radius of gyration of the bridging member. 104.6 INSTALLATION OF BRIDGING
(b) Diagonal All bridging and bridging anchors shall be completely
installed before construction loads are placed on the joists.
Diagonal bridging shall consist of cross-bracing with
l /r ratio of not more than 200, where is the distance Bridging shall support the top and bottom chords against
in inches (millimeters) between connections and r is lateral movement during the construction period and
the least radius of gyration of the bracing member. shall hold the steel joists in the approximate position as
Where cross-bracing members are connected at shown on the plans.
their point of intersection, the distance shall be
taken as the
69
The ends of all bridging lines terminating at walls or (e) Attachments

beams shall be anchored to resist the force shown in The spacing of attachments along the top chord
Table 104.5.1. shall not exceed 36 inches (914 mm). Such attach-
ments of the slab or deck to the top chords of joists
104.7 END ANCHORAGE
shall be capable of resisting the following forces:
(a) Masonry and Concrete
Ends of LH- and DLH-Series joists resting on steel TABLE 104.9.1
bearing plates on masonry or structural concrete
shall be attached with a minimum of two ¹⁄₄ inch *Section Equivalent
(6 mm) fillet welds 2 inches (51 mm) long, or with Number Force Required
two ³⁄₄ inch (19 mm) bolts or the equivalent.
02 to 04 incl. 120 lbs./ft. (1.75 kN/m)
(b) Steel 05 to 09 incl. 150 lbs./ft. (2.19 kN/m)
Ends of LH and DLH-Series joists resting on steel 10 to 17 incl. 200 lbs./ft. (2.92 kN/m)
supports shall be attached with a minimum of two 18 and 19 250 lbs./ft. (3.65 kN/m)
¹⁄₄ inch (6 mm) fillet welds 2 inches (51 mm) or with
* Last two digits of joist designation shown in Load Table.
two ³⁄₄ inch (19 mm) bolts or the equivalent. In steel
frames, where columns are not framed in at least (f) Wood Nailers
two directions with structural steel members, bearing Where wood nailers are used, such nailers in
seats for joists at column lines shall be conjunction with deck or slab shall be firmly attached
fabricated to allow for field bolting. to the top chords of the joists in conformance with
(c) Uplift Section 104.9(e).
Where uplift forces are a design consideration, roof (g) Joist With Standing Seam Roofing
joists shall be anchored to resist such forces. The stiffness and strength of standing-seam roof
104.8 JOIST SPACING clips varies from one manufacturer to another.
Therefore, some roof systems cannot be counted on
Joists shall be spaced so that the loading on each joist to provide lateral stability to the joists which support
does not exceed the allowable load given for the particu- the roof. Sufficient stability must be provided to brace
lar designation and clear span in the Load Table. the joists laterally under the full design load. The
compression chord must resist the chord axial
104.9 FLOOR AND ROOF DECKS
design force in the plane of the joist (i.e., x-x axis
(a) Material buckling) and out of the plane of the joist (i.e., y-y
Floor and roof decks may consist of cast-in-place or axis buckling). Out of plane strength may be
pre-cast concrete or gypsum, formed steel, wood, achieved by adjusting the bridging spacing and/or
or other suitable material capable of supporting the increasing the compression chord area, the joist
required load at the specified joist spacing. depth, and the y-axis radius of gyration. The effective
(b) Thickness slenderness ratio in the y-direction equals 0.94 L/ry;
where L is the bridging spacing. The maximum
Cast-in-place slabs shall be not less than 2 inches bridging spacing may not exceed that specified in
(51 mm) thick. Section 104.5d.
(c) Centering Horizontal bridging members attached to the
Centering for structural slabs may be ribbed metal compression chords and their anchorages must be
lath, corrugated steel sheets, paper-backed welded designed for a compressive axial force of 0.0025nP,
wire fabric, removable centering or any other where n is the number of joists between end anchors
suitable material capable of supporting the slab at and P is the chord design force. The attachment
the designated joist spacing. Centering shall not force between the horizontal bridging member and
cause lateral displacement or damage to the top the compression chord is 0.005P. Horizontal bridging
chord of joists during installation or removal of the attached to the tension chords shall be proportioned
centering or placing of the concrete. so that the slenderness ratio between attachments
(d) Bearing does not exceed 300. Diagonal bridging shall be pro-
portioned so that the slenderness ratio between
Slabs or decks shall bear uniformly along the top attachments does not exceed 200.
chords of the joists.
70
104.10 DEFLECTION 104.14 PARALLEL CHORD SLOPED JOISTS

The deflection due to the design live load shall not The span of a parallel chord sloped joist shall be defined
exceed the following: by the length along the slope. Minimum depth, load-
Floors: ¹⁄₃₆₀ of span. carrying capacity, and bridging requirements shall be
determined by the sloped definition of span. The
Roofs: ¹⁄₃₆₀ of span where a plaster ceiling is Standard Load Table capacity shall be the component
attached or suspended. normal to the joist.
¹⁄₂₄₀ of span for all other cases.
The specifying professional shall give due consideration SECTION 105.*
to the effects of deflection and vibration* in the selection
of joists. ERECTION STABILITY
* For further reference, refer to Steel Joist Institute AND HANDLING
Technical Digest #5, “Vibration of Steel Joist-Concrete
Slab Floors” and the Institute’s Computer Vibration When it is necessary for the erector to climb on the joists,
Program. extreme caution must be exercised since unbridged
joists may exhibit some degree of instability under the
104.11 PONDING erector’s weight.
Unless a roof surface is provided with sufficient slope During the construction period, the contractor shall
towards points of free drainage or adequate individual provide means for adequate distribution of concentrated
drains to prevent the accumulation of rain water, the roof loads so that the carrying capacity of any joist is not
system shall be investigated to assure stability under exceeded.
ponding conditions in accordance with Section K2 A) Stability Requirements
(Allowable Stress Design) of the AISC Specification.*
1) Where the joist span does not exceed the erec-
The ponding investigation shall be performed by the tion stability span (as indicated by the shaded
specifying professional. areas of the load table) one end of all joists shall
* For further reference, refer to Steel Joist Institute be attached to its support in accordance with
Technical Digest #3, “Structural Design of Steel Joist Section 104.7 – End Anchorage, or the joist
Roofs to Resist Ponding Loads”. shall be stabilized by the hoisting cable(s)
before allowing the weight of an erector on
104.12 UPLIFT the joists.
Where uplift forces due to wind are a design requirement, When a bolted seat connection is used for
these forces must be indicated on the contract drawings erection purposes, as a minimum, the bolts
in terms of net uplift in pounds per square foot (Pascals). must be snug tightened. The snug tight condi-
When these forces are specified, they must be consid- tion is defined as the tightness that exists when
ered in the design of joists and/or bridging. A single line all plies of a joint are in firm contact. This may be
of bottom chord bridging must be provided near the first attained by a few impacts of an impact wrench
bottom chord panel points whenever uplift due to wind or the full effort of an employee using an
forces is a design consideration.* ordinary spud wrench.
* For further reference, refer to Steel Joist Institute 2) A maximum weight of two erectors shall be
Technical Digest #6, “Structural Design of Steel Joist allowed on any unbridged joist if: 1) the joist is
Roofs to Resist Uplift Loads.” stabilized by the hoisting cable(s), or 2) one end
104.13 INSPECTION of the joist is attached to its support in the
manner prescribed in Section 104.7 - End
Joists shall be inspected by the manufacturer before Anchorage and the bolted diagonal bridging
shipment to insure compliance of materials and work- required for erection stability is completely
manship with the requirements of these specifications. If installed.
the purchaser wishes an inspection of the steel joists by
Where the span of the joist exceeds the erection
someone other than the manufacturer’s own inspectors,
stability span as indicated by the shaded area of
he may reserve the right to do so in his “Invitation to Bid”
the load table, hoisting cables shall not be
or the accompanying “Job Specifications”.
released until the following conditions are met:
Arrangements shall be made with the manufacturer for
a) One line of bolted diagonal bridging is
such shop inspection of the joists at the manufacturing
completely installed near the mid span for
shop by the purchaser’s inspectors at purchaser’s
joist spans included in the red shaded area
expense.
of the load table.
71
b) Two lines of bolted diagonal bridging

nearest the third points of the span are
completely installed for spans of over
60 feet (18288 mm) through 100 feet
(30480 mm) as indicated by the blue
shaded area in the LH and DLH Series
Joist Load Tables.
c) All lines of bolted diagonal bridging are
completely installed for spans over 100 feet
(30480 mm) as indicated by the gray
shaded area in the DLH Load Table.
3) No loads other than the weight of the erector are
allowed on the joist until all bridging is com-
pletely installed and all joist ends are attached.
4) In the case of bottom chord bearing joists, the
ends of the joist must be restrained laterally
per Section 104.5(f) before releasing the
hoisting cables.
5) After the joist is straightened and plumbed, and
all bridging is completely installed
and anchored, the ends of the joists shall be
fully connected to the supports in accordance
with Section 104.7- End Anchorage.
B) Field Welding
1) All field welding shall be performed in a
workman-like manner to insure that the joists
are not damaged by such welding.
2) On cold-formed members whose yield strength
has been attained by cold working, and whose
as-formed strength is used in the design, the
total length of weld at any one point shall not
exceed 50 percent of the overall developed
width of the cold-formed section.
C) Handling
Particular attention should be paid to the erection of
Longspan and Deep Longspan steel joists. Care
shall be exercised at all times to avoid damage to the
joists and accessories through careless handling
during unloading, storing and erecting.
Each joist shall be adequately braced laterally before
any loads are applied. If lateral support is provided
by bridging, the bridging lines as defined in Section
105(A)(2)(a), (b) or (c) must be anchored to prevent
lateral movement.
* For thorough coverage of this topic, refer to SJI Technical
Digest #9, “Handling and Erection of Steel Joists and
Joist Girders”.
72
STANDARD LOAD TABLE
LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS, LH-SERIES
Adopted by the Steel Joist Institute May 25, 1983;
The black figures in the following table give the TOTAL Where the joist span is in the RED SHADED area of
safe uniformly distributed load-carrying capacities, in the load table, the row of bridging nearest the midspan
pounds per linear foot, of LH-Series joists. The weight of shall be diagonal bridging with bolted connections at
DEAD loads, including the joists, must in all cases be chords and intersection. Hoisting cables shall not be
deducted to determine the LIVE load-carrying capacities released until this row of bolted diagonal bridging is com-
of the joists. The approximate DEAD load of the joists pletely installed.
may be determined from the weights per linear foot Where the joist span is in the BLUE SHADED area of
shown in the tables. the load table, all rows of bridging shall be diagonal bridg-
The RED figures in this load table are the LIVE loads per ing with bolted connections at chords and intersection.
linear foot of joist which will produce an approximate Hoisting cables shall not be released until the two rows of
deflection of ¹⁄₃₆₀ of the span. LIVE loads which will bridging nearest the third points are completely installed.
produce a deflection of ¹⁄₂₄₀ of the span may be obtained The approximate moment of inertia of the joist, in inches4 is;
by multiplying the RED figures by 1.5. In no case shall
the TOTAL load capacity of the joists be exceeded. I j = 26.767(WLL)(L3)(10-6), where WLL = RED figure in the
Load Table, and L = (clear span + .67) in feet.
This load table applies to joists with either parallel chords
or standard pitched top chords. When top chords are When holes are required in top or bottom chords, the
pitched, the carrying capacities are determined by the carrying capacities must be reduced in proportion to
nominal depth of the joists at the center of the span. the reduction of chord areas.
Standard top chord pitch is ¹⁄₈ inch per foot. If pitch The top chords are considered as being stayed laterally
exceeds this standard, the load table does not apply. by floor slab or roof deck.
Sloped parallel-chord joists shall use span as defined by The approximate joist weights per linear foot shown in
the length along the slope. these tables do not include accessories.
Approx. Wt Depth SAFE LOAD*

Joist in Lbs. Per in in Lbs. CLEAR SPAN IN FEET
Designation Linear Ft inches Between
(Joists only) 21-24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
18LH02 10 18 12000 468 442 418 391 367 345 324 306 289 273 259 245
313 284 259 234 212 193 175 160 147 135 124 114
18LH03 11 18 13300 521 493 467 438 409 382 359 337 317 299 283 267
348 317 289 262 236 213 194 177 161 148 136 124
18LH04 12 18 15500 604 571 535 500 469 440 413 388 365 344 325 308
403 367 329 296 266 242 219 200 182 167 153 141
18LH05 15 18 17500 684 648 614 581 543 508 476 448 421 397 375 355
454 414 378 345 311 282 256 233 212 195 179 164
18LH06 15 18 20700 809 749 696 648 605 566 531 499 470 443 418 396
526 469 419 377 340 307 280 254 232 212 195 180
18LH07 17 18 21500 840 809 780 726 678 635 595 559 526 496 469 444
553 513 476 428 386 349 317 288 264 241 222 204
18LH08 19 18 22400 876 843 812 784 758 717 680 641 604 571 540 512
577 534 496 462 427 387 351 320 292 267 246 226
18LH09 21 18 24000 936 901 868 838 810 783 759 713 671 633 598 566
616 571 527 491 458 418 380 346 316 289 266 245
22-24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
20LH02 10 20 11300 442 437 431 410 388 365 344 325 307 291 275 262 249 237 225 215
306 303 298 274 250 228 208 190 174 160 147 136 126 117 108 101
20LH03 11 20 12000 469 463 458 452 434 414 395 372 352 333 316 299 283 269 255 243
337 333 317 302 280 258 238 218 200 184 169 156 143 133 123 114
20LH04 12 20 14700 574 566 558 528 496 467 440 416 393 372 353 335 318 303 289 275
428 406 386 352 320 291 265 243 223 205 189 174 161 149 139 129
20LH05 14 20 15800 616 609 602 595 571 544 513 484 458 434 411 390 371 353 336 321
459 437 416 395 366 337 308 281 258 238 219 202 187 173 161 150
20LH06 15 20 21100 822 791 763 723 679 635 596 560 527 497 469 444 421 399 379 361
606 561 521 477 427 386 351 320 292 267 246 226 209 192 178 165
20LH07 17 20 22500 878 845 814 786 760 711 667 627 590 556 526 497 471 447 425 404
647 599 556 518 484 438 398 362 331 303 278 256 236 218 202 187
20LH08 19 20 23200 908 873 842 813 785 760 722 687 654 621 588 558 530 503 479 457
669 619 575 536 500 468 428 395 365 336 309 285 262 242 225 209
20LH09 21 20 25400 990 953 918 886 856 828 802 778 755 712 673 636 603 572 544 517
729 675 626 581 542 507 475 437 399 366 336 309 285 264 244 227
20LH10 23 20 27400 1068 1028 991 956 924 894 865 839 814 791 748 707 670 636 604 575
786 724 673 626 585 545 510 479 448 411 377 346 320 296 274 254
73
STANDARD LOAD TABLE/LONG SPAN STEEL JOISTS, LH-SERIES
Approx. Wt Depth SAFELOAD*

Joist in Lbs. Per in in Lbs. CLEAR SPAN IN FEET
Designation Linear Ft. inches Between
(Joists only) 28-32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
24LH03 11 24 11500 342 339 336 323 307 293 279 267 255 244 234 224 215 207 199 191
235 226 218 204 188 175 162 152 141 132 124 116 109 102 96 90
24LH04 12 24 14100 419 398 379 360 343 327 312 298 285 273 262 251 241 231 222 214
288 265 246 227 210 195 182 169 158 148 138 130 122 114 107 101
24LH05 13 24 15100 449 446 440 419 399 380 363 347 331 317 304 291 280 269 258 248
308 297 285 264 244 226 210 196 182 171 160 150 141 132 124 117
24LH06 16 24 20300 604 579 555 530 504 480 457 437 417 399 381 364 348 334 320 307
411 382 356 331 306 284 263 245 228 211 197 184 172 161 152 142
24LH07 17 24 22300 665 638 613 588 565 541 516 491 468 446 426 407 389 373 357 343
452 421 393 367 343 320 297 276 257 239 223 208 195 182 171 161
24LH08 18 24 23800 707 677 649 622 597 572 545 520 497 475 455 435 417 400 384 369
480 447 416 388 362 338 314 292 272 254 238 222 208 196 184 173
24LH09 21 24 28000 832 808 785 764 731 696 663 632 602 574 548 524 501 480 460 441
562 530 501 460 424 393 363 337 313 292 272 254 238 223 209 196
24LH10 23 24 29600 882 856 832 809 788 768 737 702 668 637 608 582 556 533 511 490
596 559 528 500 474 439 406 378 351 326 304 285 266 249 234 220
24LH11 25 24 31200 927 900 875 851 829 807 787 768 734 701 671 642 616 590 567 544
624 588 555 525 498 472 449 418 388 361 337 315 294 276 259 243
33-39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56
28LH05 13 28 14000 14000 337 323 310 297 286 275 265 255 245 237 228 220 213 206 199 193
219 205 192 180 169 159 150 142 133 126 119 113 107 102 97 92
28LH06 16 28 18600 18600 448 429 412 395 379 364 350 337 324 313 301 291 281 271 262 253
289 270 253 238 223 209 197 186 175 166 156 148 140 133 126 120
28LH07 17 28 21000 21000 505 484 464 445 427 410 394 379 365 352 339 327 316 305 295 285
326 305 285 267 251 236 222 209 197 186 176 166 158 150 142 135
28LH08 18 28 22500 22500 540 517 496 475 456 438 420 403 387 371 357 344 331 319 308 297
348 325 305 285 268 252 236 222 209 196 185 175 165 156 148 140
28LH09 21 28 27700 27700 667 639 612 586 563 540 519 499 481 463 446 430 415 401 387 374
428 400 375 351 329 309 291 274 258 243 228 216 204 193 183 173
28LH10 23 28 30300 30300 729 704 679 651 625 600 576 554 533 513 495 477 460 444 429 415
466 439 414 388 364 342 322 303 285 269 255 241 228 215 204 193
28LH11 25 28 32500 32500 780 762 736 711 682 655 629 605 582 561 540 521 502 485 468 453
498 475 448 423 397 373 351 331 312 294 278 263 249 236 223 212
28LH12 27 28 35700 35700 857 837 818 800 782 766 737 709 682 656 632 609 587 566 546 527
545 520 496 476 454 435 408 383 361 340 321 303 285 270 256 243
28LH13 30 28 37200 37200 895 874 854 835 816 799 782 766 751 722 694 668 643 620 598 577
569 543 518 495 472 452 433 415 396 373 352 332 314 297 281 266
38-46 47-48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64
32LH06 14 32 16700 16700 338 326 315 304 294 284 275 266 257 249 242 234 227 220 214 208
211 199 189 179 169 161 153 145 138 131 125 119 114 108 104 99
32LH07 16 32 18800 18800 379 366 353 341 329 318 308 298 288 279 271 262 254 247 240 233
235 223 211 200 189 179 170 162 154 146 140 133 127 121 116 111
32LH08 17 32 20400 20400 411 397 383 369 357 345 333 322 312 302 293 284 275 267 259 252
255 242 229 216 205 194 184 175 167 159 151 144 137 131 125 120
32LH09 21 32 25600 25600 516 498 480 463 447 432 418 404 391 379 367 356 345 335 325 315
319 302 285 270 256 243 230 219 208 198 189 180 172 164 157 149
32LH10 21 32 28300 28300 571 550 531 512 495 478 462 445 430 416 402 389 376 364 353 342
352 332 315 297 282 267 254 240 228 217 206 196 186 178 169 162
32LH11 24 32 31000 31000 625 602 580 560 541 522 505 488 473 458 443 429 416 403 390 378
385 363 343 325 308 292 277 263 251 239 227 216 206 196 187 179
32LH12 27 32 36400 36400 734 712 688 664 641 619 598 578 559 541 524 508 492 477 463 449
450 428 406 384 364 345 327 311 295 281 267 255 243 232 221 211
32LH13 30 32 40600 40600 817 801 785 771 742 715 690 666 643 621 600 581 562 544 527 511
500 480 461 444 420 397 376 354 336 319 304 288 275 262 249 238
32LH14 33 32 41800 41800 843 826 810 795 780 766 738 713 688 665 643 622 602 583 564 547
515 495 476 458 440 417 395 374 355 337 321 304 290 276 264 251
32LH15 35 32 43200 43200 870 853 837 821 805 791 776 763 750 725 701 678 656 635 616 597
532 511 492 473 454 438 422 407 393 374 355 338 322 306 292 279
42-46 47-56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72
36LH07 16 36 16800 16800 292 283 274 266 258 251 244 237 230 224 218 212 207 201 196 191
177 168 160 153 146 140 134 128 122 117 112 107 103 99 95 91
36LH08 18 36 18500 18500 321 311 302 293 284 276 268 260 253 246 239 233 227 221 215 209
194 185 176 168 160 153 146 140 134 128 123 118 113 109 104 100
36LH09 21 36 23700 23700 411 398 386 374 363 352 342 333 323 314 306 297 289 282 275 267
247 235 224 214 204 195 186 179 171 163 157 150 144 138 133 127
36LH10 21 36 26100 26100 454 440 426 413 401 389 378 367 357 347 338 328 320 311 303 295
273 260 248 236 225 215 206 197 188 180 173 165 159 152 146 140
36LH11 23 36 28500 28500 495 480 465 451 438 425 412 401 389 378 368 358 348 339 330 322
297 283 269 257 246 234 224 214 205 196 188 180 173 166 159 153
36LH12 25 36 34100 34100 593 575 557 540 523 508 493 478 464 450 437 424 412 400 389 378
354 338 322 307 292 279 267 255 243 232 222 213 204 195 187 179
36LH13 30 36 40100 40100 697 675 654 634 615 596 579 562 546 531 516 502 488 475 463 451
415 395 376 359 342 327 312 298 285 273 262 251 240 231 222 213
36LH14 36 36 44200 44200 768 755 729 706 683 661 641 621 602 584 567 551 535 520 505 492
456 434 412 392 373 356 339 323 309 295 283 270 259 247 237 228
36LH15 36 36 46600 46600 809 795 781 769 744 721 698 677 656 637 618 600 583 567 551 536
480 464 448 434 413 394 375 358 342 327 312 299 286 274 263 252
74
STANDARD LOAD TABLE/LONG SPAN STEEL JOISTS, LH-SERIES
Joist Approx. Wt Depth SAFELOAD*

Designation in Lbs. Per in in Lbs. CLEAR SPAN IN FEET
Linear Ft. inches Between
(Joists Only) 47-59 60-64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
40LH08 16 40 16600 16600 254 247 241 234 228 222 217 211 206 201 196 192 187 183 178 174
150 144 138 132 127 122 117 112 108 104 100 97 93 90 86 83
40LH09 21 40 21800 21800 332 323 315 306 298 291 283 276 269 263 256 250 244 239 233 228
196 188 180 173 166 160 153 147 141 136 131 126 122 118 113 109
40LH10 21 40 24000 24000 367 357 347 338 329 321 313 305 297 290 283 276 269 262 255 249
216 207 198 190 183 176 169 162 156 150 144 139 134 129 124 119
40LH11 22 40 26200 26200 399 388 378 368 358 349 340 332 323 315 308 300 293 286 279 273
234 224 215 207 198 190 183 176 169 163 157 151 145 140 135 130
40LH12 25 40 31900 31900 486 472 459 447 435 424 413 402 392 382 373 364 355 346 338 330
285 273 261 251 241 231 222 213 205 197 189 182 176 169 163 157
40LH13 30 40 37600 37600 573 557 542 528 514 500 487 475 463 451 440 429 419 409 399 390
334 320 307 295 283 271 260 250 241 231 223 214 207 199 192 185
40LH14 35 40 43000 43000 656 638 620 603 587 571 556 542 528 515 502 490 478 466 455 444
383 367 351 336 323 309 297 285 273 263 252 243 233 225 216 209
40LH15 36 40 48100 48100 734 712 691 671 652 633 616 599 583 567 552 538 524 511 498 486
427 408 390 373 357 342 328 315 302 290 279 268 258 248 239 230
40LH16 42 40 53000 53000 808 796 784 772 761 751 730 710 691 673 655 638 622 606 591 576
469 455 441 428 416 404 387 371 356 342 329 316 304 292 282 271
52-59 60-72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88
44LH09 19 44 20000 20000 272 265 259 253 247 242 236 231 226 221 216 211 207 202 198 194
158 152 146 141 136 131 127 122 118 114 110 106 103 99 96 93
44LH10 21 44 22100 22100 300 293 286 279 272 266 260 254 249 243 238 233 228 223 218 214
174 168 162 155 150 144 139 134 130 125 121 117 113 110 106 103
44LH11 22 44 23900 23900 325 317 310 302 295 289 282 276 269 264 258 252 247 242 236 232
188 181 175 168 162 157 151 146 140 136 131 127 123 119 115 111
44LH12 25 44 29600 29600 402 393 383 374 365 356 347 339 331 323 315 308 300 293 287 280
232 224 215 207 200 192 185 179 172 166 160 155 149 144 139 134
44LH13 30 44 35100 35100 477 466 454 444 433 423 413 404 395 386 377 369 361 353 346 338
275 265 254 246 236 228 220 212 205 198 191 185 179 173 167 161
44LH14 31 44 40400 40400 549 534 520 506 493 481 469 457 446 436 425 415 406 396 387 379
315 302 291 279 268 259 249 240 231 223 215 207 200 193 187 181
44LH15 36 44 47000 47000 639 623 608 593 579 565 551 537 524 512 500 488 476 466 455 445
366 352 339 326 314 303 292 281 271 261 252 243 234 227 219 211
44LH16 42 44 54200 54200 737 719 701 684 668 652 637 622 608 594 580 568 555 543 531 520
421 405 390 375 362 348 336 324 313 302 291 282 272 263 255 246
44LH17 47 44 58200 58200 790 780 769 759 750 732 715 699 683 667 652 638 624 610 597 584
450 438 426 415 405 390 376 363 351 338 327 316 305 295 285 276
56-59 60-80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96
48LH10 21 48 20000 20000 246 241 236 231 226 221 217 212 208 204 200 196 192 188 185 181
141 136 132 127 123 119 116 112 108 105 102 99 96 93 90 87
48LH11 22 48 21700 21700 266 260 255 249 244 239 234 229 225 220 216 212 208 204 200 196
152 147 142 137 133 129 125 120 117 113 110 106 103 100 97 94
48LH12 25 48 27400 27400 336 329 322 315 308 301 295 289 283 277 272 266 261 256 251 246
191 185 179 173 167 161 156 151 147 142 138 133 129 126 122 118
48LH13 29 48 32800 32800 402 393 384 376 368 360 353 345 338 332 325 318 312 306 300 294
228 221 213 206 199 193 187 180 175 170 164 159 154 150 145 141
48LH14 32 48 38700 38700 475 464 454 444 434 425 416 407 399 390 383 375 367 360 353 346
269 260 251 243 234 227 220 212 206 199 193 187 181 176 171 165
48LH15 36 48 44500 44500 545 533 521 510 499 488 478 468 458 448 439 430 422 413 405 397
308 298 287 278 269 260 252 244 236 228 221 214 208 201 195 189
48LH16 42 48 51300 51300 629 615 601 588 576 563 551 540 528 518 507 497 487 477 468 459
355 343 331 320 310 299 289 280 271 263 255 247 239 232 225 218
48LH17 47 48 57600 57600 706 690 675 660 646 632 619 606 593 581 569 558 547 536 525 515
397 383 371 358 346 335 324 314 304 294 285 276 268 260 252 245
* The safe uniform load for the clear spans shown in the *To solve for live loads for clear spans shown in the Safe
Safe Load Column is equal to (Safe Load)/(Clear Load Column (or lesser clear spans), multiply the live
span + 0.67). (The added 0.67 feet (8 inches) is load of the shortest clear span shown in the Load Table
required to obtain the proper length on which the Load by the (the shortest clear span shown in the Load
Tables were developed). Table + 0.67 feet)2 and divide by (the actual clear
* In no case shall the safe uniform load, for clear spans span + 0.67 feet)2. The live load shall not exceed the
less than the minimum clear span shown in the Safe safe uniform load.
Load Column, exceed the uniform load calculated
for the minimum clear span listed in the Safe
Load Column.
75
STANDARD LOAD TABLE
DEEP LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS, DLH-SERIES
Adopted by the Steel Joist Institute May 25, 1983;
The black figures in the following table give the TOTAL All rows of bridging shall be diagonal bridging with bolted
safe uniformly distributed load-carrying capacities, in connections at the chords and intersections.
pounds per linear foot, of DLH-Series joists. The weight Where the joist span is in the BLUE SHADED area of the
of DEAD loads, including the joists, must in all cases be load table hoisting cables shall not be released until
deducted to determine the LIVE load-carrying capacities the two rows of bridging nearest the third points are
of the joists. The approximate DEAD load of the joists completely installed.
may be determined from the weights per linear foot
shown in the tables. All loads shown are for roof Where the joist span is in the GRAY SHADED area of
construction only. the load table hoisting cables shall not be released until
all rows of bridging are completely installed.
The RED figures in this load table are the LIVE loads per 4
linear foot of joist which will produce an approximate The approximate moment of inertia of the joist, in inches is;
deflection of ¹⁄₃₆₀ of the span. LIVE loads which will I j = 26.767(WLL)(L3)(10-6), where WLL = RED figure in the
produce a deflection of ¹⁄₂₄₀ of the span may be obtained Load Table, and L = (clear span + .67) in feet.
by multiplying the RED figures by 1.5. In no case shall When holes are required in top or bottom chords, the
the TOTAL load capacity of the joists be exceeded. carrying capacities must be reduced in proportion to
This load table applies to joists with either parallel chords the reduction of chord areas.
or standard pitched top chords. When top chords are The top chords are considered as being stayed laterally
pitched, the carrying capacities are determined by the by floor slab or roof deck.
nominal depth of the joists at the center of the span. The approximate joist weights per linear foot shown in
Standard top chord pitch is ¹⁄₈ inch per foot. If pitch these tables do not include accessories.
exceeds this standard, the load table does not apply.
Sloped parallel-chord joists shall use span as defined by
the length along the slope.
Joist Approx. Wt Depth SAFELOAD*

Linear Ft inches Between
(Joists only) 61-88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104
52DLH10 25 52 26700 298 291 285 279 273 267 261 256 251 246 241 236 231 227 223 218
171 165 159 154 150 145 140 136 132 128 124 120 116 114 110 107
52DLH11 26 52 29300 327 320 313 306 299 293 287 281 275 270 264 259 254 249 244 240
187 181 174 169 164 158 153 149 144 140 135 132 128 124 120 117
52DLH12 29 52 32700 365 357 349 342 334 327 320 314 307 301 295 289 284 278 273 268
204 197 191 185 179 173 168 163 158 153 149 144 140 135 132 128
52DLH13 34 52 39700 443 433 424 414 406 397 389 381 373 366 358 351 344 338 331 325
247 239 231 224 216 209 203 197 191 185 180 174 170 164 159 155
52DLH14 39 52 45400 507 497 486 476 466 457 447 438 430 421 413 405 397 390 382 375
276 266 258 249 242 234 227 220 213 207 201 194 189 184 178 173
52DLH15 42 52 51000 569 557 545 533 522 511 500 490 480 470 461 451 443 434 426 418
311 301 291 282 272 264 256 247 240 233 226 219 213 207 201 195
52DLH16 45 52 55000 614 601 588 575 563 551 540 528 518 507 497 487 478 468 459 451
346 335 324 314 304 294 285 276 267 260 252 245 237 230 224 217
52DLH17 52 52 63300 706 691 676 661 647 634 620 608 595 583 572 560 549 539 528 518
395 381 369 357 346 335 324 315 304 296 286 279 270 263 255 247
66-96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112
56DLH11 26 56 28100 288 283 277 272 267 262 257 253 248 244 239 235 231 227 223 219
169 163 158 153 149 145 140 136 133 129 125 122 118 115 113 110
56DLH12 30 56 32300 331 324 318 312 306 300 295 289 284 278 273 268 263 259 254 249
184 178 173 168 163 158 153 150 145 141 137 133 130 126 123 119
56DLH13 34 56 39100 401 394 386 379 372 365 358 351 344 338 331 325 319 314 308 303
223 216 209 204 197 191 186 181 175 171 166 161 157 152 149 145
56DLH14 39 56 44200 453 444 435 427 419 411 403 396 388 381 375 368 361 355 349 343
249 242 234 228 221 214 209 202 196 190 186 181 175 171 167 162
56DLH15 42 56 50500 518 508 498 488 478 469 460 451 443 434 426 419 411 403 396 389
281 272 264 256 248 242 234 228 221 215 209 204 198 192 188 182
56DLH16 46 56 54500 559 548 537 526 516 506 496 487 478 469 460 452 444 436 428 420
313 304 294 285 277 269 262 254 247 240 233 227 221 214 209 204
56DLH17 51 56 62800 643 630 618 605 594 582 571 560 549 539 529 520 510 501 492 483
356 345 335 325 316 306 298 289 281 273 266 258 251 245 238 231
76
STANDARD LOAD TABLE/DEEP LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS, DLH-SERIES
Joist Approx. Wt Depth SAFE LOAD*
Linear Ft inches Between
(Joists only) 70-99 100-104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
60DLH12 29 60 31100 31100 295 289 284 279 274 270 265 261 256 252 248 244 240 236 232 228
168 163 158 154 150 146 142 138 134 131 128 124 121 118 115 113
60DLH13 35 60 37800 37800 358 351 345 339 333 327 322 316 311 306 301 296 291 286 282 277
203 197 191 187 181 176 171 167 163 158 154 151 147 143 139 135
60DLH14 40 60 42000 42000 398 391 383 376 370 363 356 350 344 338 332 327 321 316 310 305
216 210 205 199 193 189 183 178 173 170 165 161 156 152 149 145
60DLH15 43 60 49300 49300 467 458 450 442 434 427 419 412 405 398 392 385 379 373 367 361
255 248 242 235 228 223 216 210 205 200 194 190 185 180 175 171
60DLH16 46 60 54200 54200 513 504 494 485 476 468 460 451 444 436 428 421 414 407 400 393
285 277 269 262 255 247 241 235 228 223 217 211 206 201 196 190
60DLH17 52 60 62300 62300 590 579 569 558 548 538 529 519 510 501 493 484 476 468 460 453
324 315 306 298 290 283 275 267 261 254 247 241 235 228 223 217
60DLH18 59 60 71900 71900 681 668 656 644 632 621 610 599 589 578 568 559 549 540 531 522
31100 366 357 346 337 327 319 310 303 294 286 279 272 266 259 252 246
75-99 100-112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128
64DLH12 31 64 30000 30000 264 259 255 251 247 243 239 235 231 228 224 221 218 214 211 208
153 150 146 142 138 135 132 129 125 122 119 116 114 111 109 106
64DLH13 34 64 36400 36400 321 315 310 305 300 295 291 286 281 277 273 269 264 260 257 253
186 181 176 171 168 163 159 155 152 148 144 141 137 134 131 128
64DLH14 40 64 41700 41700 367 360 354 349 343 337 332 326 321 316 311 306 301 296 292 287
199 193 189 184 179 174 171 166 162 158 154 151 147 143 140 136
64DLH15 43 64 47800 47800 421 414 407 400 394 387 381 375 369 363 358 352 347 341 336 331
234 228 223 217 211 206 201 196 191 187 182 177 173 170 165 161
64DLH16 46 64 53800 53800 474 466 458 450 443 435 428 421 414 407 401 394 388 382 376 370
262 254 248 242 235 229 224 218 213 208 203 198 193 189 184 180
64DLH17 52 64 62000 62000 546 536 527 518 509 501 492 484 476 468 461 454 446 439 432 426
298 290 283 275 268 262 255 248 243 237 231 226 220 215 210 205
64DLH18 59 64 71600 71600 630 619 608 598 587 578 568 559 549 540 532 523 515 507 499 491
337 328 320 311 304 296 288 282 274 267 261 255 249 243 237 232
80-99 100-120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136
68DLH13 37 68 35000 35000 288 284 279 275 271 267 263 259 255 252 248 244 241 237 234 231
171 168 164 159 155 152 149 145 142 138 135 133 130 127 124 121
68DLH14 40 68 40300 40300 332 327 322 317 312 308 303 299 294 290 286 281 277 273 269 266
184 179 175 171 167 163 159 155 152 148 145 141 138 135 133 130
68DLH15 44 68 45200 45200 372 365 360 354 348 343 337 332 327 322 317 312 308 303 299 294
206 201 196 191 187 182 178 174 170 166 162 158 155 152 148 145
68DLH16 49 68 53600 53600 441 433 427 420 413 407 400 394 388 382 376 371 365 360 354 349
242 236 230 225 219 214 209 204 199 195 190 186 182 178 174 171
68DLH17 55 68 60400 60400 497 489 481 474 467 460 453 446 439 433 427 420 414 408 403 397
275 268 262 256 249 244 238 232 228 222 217 212 208 203 198 194
68DLH18 61 68 69900 69900 575 566 557 549 540 532 524 516 508 501 493 486 479 472 465 459
311 304 297 289 283 276 269 263 257 251 246 240 234 230 225 219
68DLH19 67 68 80500 80500 662 651 641 631 621 611 601 592 583 574 565 557 548 540 532 525
353 344 336 328 320 313 305 298 291 285 278 272 266 260 254 248
84-99 100-128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144
72DLH14 41 72 39200 39200 303 298 294 290 285 281 277 274 270 266 262 259 255 252 248 245
171 167 163 159 155 152 149 146 143 139 136 133 131 128 125 123
72DLH15 44 72 44900 44900 347 342 336 331 326 322 317 312 308 303 299 295 291 286 282 279
191 187 183 178 174 171 167 163 160 156 152 150 147 143 140 137
72DLH16 50 72 51900 51900 401 395 390 384 378 373 368 363 358 353 348 343 338 334 329 325
225 219 214 209 205 200 196 191 188 183 179 175 171 169 165 161
72DLH17 56 72 58400 58400 451 445 438 432 426 420 414 408 402 397 391 386 381 376 371 366
256 250 245 239 233 228 224 218 213 209 205 200 196 191 188 184
72DLH18 59 72 68400 68400 528 520 512 505 497 490 483 479 470 463 457 450 444 438 432 426
289 283 276 270 265 258 252 247 242 236 231 227 222 217 212 209
72DLH19 70 72 80200 80200 619 609 600 591 582 573 565 557 549 541 533 526 518 511 504 497
328 321 313 306 300 293 286 280 274 268 263 257 251 247 241 236
* The safe uniform load for the clear spans shown in the the minimum clear span listed in the Safe Load Column.
Safe Load Column is equal to (Safe Load)/(Clear *To solve for live loads for clear spans shown in the Safe
span + 0.67). (The added 0.67 feet (8 inches) is Load Column (or lesser clear spans), multiply the
required to obtain the proper length on which the Load live load of the shortest clear span shown in the Load
Tables were developed). Table by (the shortest clear span shown in the
*In no case shall the safe uniform load, for clear spans Load Table + 0.67 feet)2 and divide by (the actual clear
less than the minimum clear span shown in the Safe span + 0.67 feet)2. The live load shall not exceed the
Load Column, exceed the uniform load calculated for safe uniform load.
77
JOIST GIRDERS
JOIST GIRDERS
“CAUTION”: If a rigid connection of the bottom

INTRODUCTION chord is to be made to the column or other support,
it shall be made only after the application of the dead
loads. The Joist Girder is then no longer simply
On the following pages are specifications and weight supported and the system must be investigated
tables for Joist Girders, which are open web steel for continuous frame action by the specifying pro-
trusses used as primary framing members. They are fessional*. Bearing details of joists on perimeter
designed as simple spans supporting equally spaced girders, or interior girders with unbalanced loads,
concentrated loads for a floor or roof system. These should be designed such that the reactions pass
concentrated loads are considered to act at the panel through the center of the Joist Girder.
points of the Joist Girders. The Weight Table lists the approximate weight per linear
Joist Girders have been designed to allow for a growing foot (Kilograms per meter) for a Joist Girder supporting
need for longer span primary members, coupled with a the concentrated panel point loads shown. Please note
need for more efficient steel usage. that the weight of the Joist Girder must be included in the
panel point load (see the example at Section 1006).
These members have been standardized in the Weight
Table for depths from 20 inches (508 mm) to 72 inches For calculating the approximate deflection or checking
(1829 mm), and spans to 60 feet (18288 mm). for ponding, the following formula may be used in
Standardized camber is provided as listed in paragraph determining the approximate moment of inertia of a
1003.6 of the specifications. Joist Girders are furnished Joist Girder.
with underslung ends and lower chord extensions. The IJG = 0.027 NPLd: where N = number of joist spaces;
standard depth at the bearing ends has been established P = panel point load in kips; L = Joist Girder length in feet;
at 7¹⁄₂ inches (191 mm) for all Joist Girders. Joist Girders and d = effective depth of the Joist Girder in inches, or
are usually attached to the columns by bolting with two IJG = .3296 NPLd: where N = number of joist spaces;
³⁄₄ inch (19 mm) bolts. A loose connection of the lower P = panel point load in kiloNewtons; L = Joist Girder
chord to the column or other support is recommended length in millimeters and d = effective depth of the Joist
during erection in order to stabilize the lower chord Girder in millimeters. Contact the Joist Girder manufac-
laterally and to help brace the Joist Girder against turer if a more exact Joist Girder moment of inertia must
possible overturning. A vertical stabilizer plate shall be be known.
provided on each column for the lower chord of the Joist
Girder. The stabilizer plate shall be furnished by other
Technical Digest #11 “Design of Joist-Girder Frames”
than the joist manufacturer.
Franklin County Training Center,

Grove City, OH
78
FOR JOIST GIRDERS
ANSI Designation: SJI-JG-1.0
Adopted by the Steel Joist Institute, November 4, 1985
Structural Steel, ASTM A572/A572M Grades 42,

SECTION 1000. 45 and 50.
SCOPE • High-Strength, Low-Alloy Structural Steel with
50 ksi (345 MPa) Minimum Yield Point to 4 inches
These specifications cover the design, manufacture and (102 mm) thick, ASTM A588/A588M.
use of joist girders. • Steel, Sheet and Strip, High-Strength, Low-Alloy,
Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, with Improved
SECTION 1001. Corrosion Resistance, ASTM A606.
• Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled, Carbon, Structural,
DEFINITION High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-Strength
Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, ASTM
The term “Joist Girder”, as used herein, refers to open A1008/A1008M.
web, load-carrying members utilizing hot-rolled or • Steel, Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled, Carbon,
cold-formed steel, including cold-formed steel whose Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-
yield strength* has been attained by cold working. Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability,
The design of joist girder chord and web sections shall be ASTM A1011/A1011M.
based on a yield strength of at least 36 ksi (250 MPa), but or shall be of suitable quality ordered or produced to
not greater than 50 ksi (345 MPa). Steel used for joist other than the listed specifications, provided that such
girder chord or web sections shall have a minimum yield material in the state used for final assembly and manu-
strength determined in accordance with one of the pro- facture is weldable and is proved by tests performed by
cedures specified in Section 1002.2, which is equal to the the producer or manufacturer to have the properties
yield strength assumed in the design. Joist girders shall specified in Section 1002.2.
be designed in accordance with these specifications to
support panel point loadings. 1002.2 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
* The term “Yield Strength” as used herein shall designate the The yield strength used as a basis for the design
yield level of a material as determined by the applicable stresses prescribed in Section 1003 shall be at least
method outlined in paragraph 13.1, “Yield Point” and in 36 ksi (250 MPa), but shall not be greater than 50 ksi
paragraph 13.2, “Yield Strength”, of ASTM Standard A370,
(345 MPa). Evidence that the steel furnished meets or
“Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical
exceeds the design yield strength shall, if requested, be
Testing of Steel Products”, or as specified in Section 1002.2 of
this Specification.
provided in the form of an affidavit or by witnessed or
certified test reports.
For material used without consideration of increase in
SECTION 1002. yield strength resulting from cold forming, the specimens
MATERIALS shall be taken from as-rolled material. In the case of
material properties which conform to the requirements
1002.1 STEEL of one of the listed specifications, test specimens and
procedure shall conform to those of such specifications
The steel used in the manufacture of chord and web and to ASTM A370.
sections shall conform to one of the following ASTM
Specifications: In the case of material, the mechanical properties which
do not conform to the requirements of one of the listed
• Carbon Structural Steel, ASTM A36/A36M. specifications, the test specimens and procedure shall
• High-Strength, Low-Alloy Structural Steel, ASTM conform to the applicable requirements of ASTM A370
A242/A242M. and the specimens shall exhibit a yield strength equal to
• High-Strength Carbon-Manganese Steel of or exceeding the design yield strength and an elongation
Structural Quality, ASTM A529/A529M, Grade 50. of not less than (a) 20 percent in 2 inches (51 mm) for
sheet and strip, or (b) 18 percent in 8 inches (203 mm) for
• High-Strength, Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium
plates, shapes and bars with adjustments for thickness for
Standard Specifications and Load Tables for Joist plates, shapes and bars as prescribed in ASTM
Girders A36/A36M, A242/A242M, A529/A529M, A572/A572M,
Steel Joist Institute – Copyright, 2002 A588/A588M, whichever specification is applicable on the
basis of design yield strength.
79
JOIST GIRDERS
The number of tests shall be as prescribed in ASTM (a) Steel Structures Painting Council Specification,
A6/A6M for plates, shapes, and bars; and ASTM SSPC No. 15
A1008/A1008M and A1011/A1011M for sheet and strip. (b) Or, shall be a shop paint which meets the minimum
If as-formed strength is utilized, the test reports shall show performance requirements of the above listed
the results of tests performed on full section specimens in specification.
accordance with the provisions of the AISI Specifications
for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members SECTION 1003.
and shall indicate compliance with these provisions and
with the following additional requirements: DESIGN AND
or exceed the design yield strength.
MANUFACTURE
(b) Where tension tests are made for acceptance and 1003.1 METHOD
control purposes, the tensile strength shall be at Joist Girders shall be designed in accordance with these
least 6 percent greater than the yield strength of specifications as simply supported primary members. All
the section. loads will be applied through steel joists, and will be equal
(c) Where compression tests are used for acceptance in magnitude and evenly spaced along the joist girder
and control purposes, the specimen shall withstand a top chord. Where any applicable design feature is
gross shortening of 2 percent of its original length not specifically covered herein, the design shall be in
without cracking. The length of the specimen shall not accordance with the following specifications:
be greater than 20 times its least radius of gyration. (a) American Institute of Steel Construction
(d) If any test specimen fails to pass the requirements of Specification for Design, Fabrication and Erection of
subparagraph a, b, or c above, as applicable, two Structural Steel for Buildings (Allowable Stress
retests shall be made of specimens from the same Design), where the material used consists of plates,
lot. Failure of one of the retest specimens to meet shapes or bars.
such requirements shall be the cause for rejection of (b) American Iron and Steel Institute Specification for
the lot represented by the specimens. the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural
Members, for members which are cold-formed from
1002.3 WELDING ELECTRODES sheet or strip material.
The following electrodes shall be used for arc welding:
1003.2 UNIT STRESSES
(a) For connected members both having a specified min-
imum yield strength greater than 36 ksi (250 MPa). Joist Girders shall have their components so propor-
tioned that the unit stresses in kips per square inch
AWS A5.1 or A5.5, E70XX
(Mega Pascals) shall not exceed the following, where Fy
AWS A5.17, F7XX-EXXX-X flux electrode combination is the yield strength defined in Section 1002.2:
AWS A5.18, E70S-X (a) Tension:
AWS A5.20, E7XT-X All members.......................................Ft = 0.6Fy
(b) For connected members both having a specified (b) Compression
minimum yield strength of 36 ksi (250 MPa) or one
For members with /r less than Cc:
having a specified minimum yield strength of 36 ksi
(250 MPa) and the other having a specified mini- 2
r
mum yield strength greater than 36 ksi (250 MPa). 1- 2 QFy
AWS A5.1, E60XX 2C c
Fa = 3
AWS A5.17, F6XX-EXXX-X flux electrode combination 5 3 r 1 r
+ -
AWS A5.20, E6XT-X 3 8 Cc 8 Cc
or any of those listed in Section 1002.3(a)
Other welding methods, providing equivalent strength as
2 2E
demonstrated by tests, may be used. where Cc = and
QFy
1002.4 PAINT
The standard shop paint is intended to protect the steel where Q is a form factor equal to unity except when
for only a short period of exposure in ordinary atmos- the width-thickness ratio of one or more elements of
pheric conditions and shall be considered an imperma- the profile exceeds the limiting width-thickness ratios
nent and provisional coating. for noncompact sections specified in the AISC
Specifications, Section B5 (Allowable Stress Design)
When specified, the standard shop paint shall conform to
for hot-rolled sections.
one of the following:
80
JOIST GIRDERS
For cold-formed sections, the method of calculating 1003.4 MEMBERS

the allowable column strength is given in the AISI (a) Chords
Specification.
The bottom chord shall be designed as an axially
For members with /r greater than Cc: loaded tension member. The radius of gyration of the
12 2E bottom chord about its vertical axis shall be not less
Fa = 2 than /240 where is the distance between lines
23 r
of bracing.
In the above formula, is the length center to center The top chord shall be designed as a axial loaded
of panel points, and r is the corresponding least compression member. The radius of gyration of the
radius of gyration of the member or any component top chord about the vertical axis shall be not less
thereof, both in inches (millimeters) and E is equal to than Span/575.
29,000 ksi (200,000 MPa). The top chord shall be considered as stayed lateral-
Use 1.2 /rx for a crimped, first primary compression ly by the steel joists provided positive attachment
web member when a moment-resistant weld group is made.
is not used for this member; where rx = member (b) Web
radius of gyration in the plane of the Joist Girder.
The vertical shears to be used in the design of the
(c) Bending: web members shall be determined from full loading,
For chords and web members other than solid but such vertical shear shall be not less than 25 per-
rounds cent of the end reaction.
Fb = 0.6Fy Interior vertical web members used in modified
For web members of solid round cross section Warren type web systems that do not support the
Fb = 0.9Fy direct loads through steel joists shall be designed to
resist 2 percent of the top chord axial force.
For outstanding legs of top chord angles at points of
loading Tension members shall be designed to resist, in
compression, at least 25 percent of their axial force.
Fb = 0.75Fy
(c) Fillers and Ties
For Bearing Plates
Chord and web members in compression, com-
Fb = 0.75Fy posed of two components, shall have fillers, ties or
(d) Weld Stresses: welds spaced so the /r ratio for each component
Shear at throat of fillet welds: shall not exceed the /r ratio of the whole member.
Chord and web members in tension, composed of
Made with E70 series electrodes or F7XX-EXXX-X two components, shall have fillers, ties or welds
flux-electrode combinations. . . . . . .21 ksi (145 MPa) spaced so that the /r ratio of each component shall
Made with E60 series electrodes or F6XX-EXXX-X not exceed 240. The least r shall be used in com-
flux-electrode combinations . . . . . .18 ksi (124 MPa) puting the /r ratio of a component.
Tension or compression on groove or butt welds (d) Eccentricity
shall be the same as those specified for the con- Members connected at a joint shall have their center
nected material. of gravity lines meet at a point, if practical.
1003.3 MAXIMUM SLENDERNESS RATIOS Eccentricity on either side of the centroid of chord
members may be neglected when it does not
The slenderness ratio /r, where is the length center- exceed the distance between the centroid and the
to-center of support points and r is the corresponding back of the chord. Otherwise, provision shall be
least radius of gyration, shall not exceed the following: made for the stresses due to eccentricity. Ends of
Top chord interior panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 Joist Girders shall be proportioned to resist bending
Top chord end panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 produced by eccentricity at the support. In those
cases where a single angle compression member
Compression members other than top chord . . .200 is attached to the outside of the stem of a tee or
Tension members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 double angle chord, due consideration shall be given
to eccentricity.
81
JOIST GIRDERS
(e) Extended Ends (c) Shop Splices

Extended top chords or full depth cantilever ends Shop splices may occur at any point in chord or web
require the special attention of the specifying members. Splices shall be designed for the member
professional. force but not less than 50 percent of the allowable
The magnitude and location of the design loads to member strength. Members containing a butt weld
be supported, the deflection requirements, and splice shall develop an ultimate tensile force of at
the proper bracing shall be clearly indicated on the least 57 ksi (393 MPa) times the full design area of
structural drawings. the chord or web. The term “member” shall be
defined as all component parts comprising the chord
1003.5 CONNECTIONS or web, at the point of splice.
(a) Methods (d) Field Splices
Joint connections and splices shall be made by Field splices shall be designed by the manufacturer
attaching the members to one another by arc or and may be either bolted or welded. Splices shall be
resistance welding or other approved method. designed for the member force, but not less than
1) Welded Connections 50 percent of the allowable member strength.
a) Selected welds shall be inspected visually 1003.6 CAMBER
by the manufacturer. Prior to this inspec- Joist Girders shall have approximate cambers in
tion, weld slag shall be removed. accordance with the following:
b) Cracks are not acceptable and shall be Top Chord Length Approximate Camber
removed.
20'-0" (6096 mm) ¹⁄₄" (6 mm)
c) Thorough fusion shall exist between layers
of weld metal and between weld metal and 30'-0" (9144 mm) ³⁄₈" (10 mm)
base metal for the required design length of 40'-0" (12192 mm) ⁵⁄₈" (16 mm)
the weld; such fusion shall be verified by 50'-0" (15240 mm) 1" (25 mm)
visual inspection.
60'-0" (18288 mm) 1¹⁄₂" (38 mm)
d) Unfilled weld craters shall not be included in
the design length of the weld. 1003.7 VERIFICATION OF DESIGN AND
e) Undercut shall not exceed ¹⁄₁₆ inch (2 mm) MANUFACTURE
for welds oriented parallel to the principal (a) Design Calculations
stress.
Companies manufacturing Joist Girders shall submit
f) The sum of surface (piping) porosity design data to the Steel Joist Institute (or an inde-
diameters shall not exceed ¹⁄₁₆ inch (2 mm) pendent agency approved by the Steel Joist
in any 1 inch (25 mm) of design weld length. Institute) for verification of compliance with the SJI
g) Weld spatter that does not interfere with Specifications.
paint coverage is acceptable. (d) In-Plant Inspections
2) Welding Program Each manufacturer shall verify his ability to manu-
Manufacturers shall have a program for facture Joist Girders through periodic In-Plant
establishing weld procedures and operator Inspections. Inspections shall be performed by a
qualification, and for weld sampling and testing. independent agency approved by the Steel Joist
3) Weld Inspection by Outside Agencies (See Institute. The frequency, manner of inspection, and
Section 1004.10 of these specifications). manner of reporting shall be determined by the Steel
Joist Institute. The In-Plant Inspections are not a
The agency shall arrange for visual inspection to guaranty of the quality of any specific Joist Girder;
determine that welds meet the acceptance stan- this responsibility lies fully and solely with the
dards of Section 1003.5.1) above. Ultrasonic, individual manufacturer.
X-Ray, and magnetic particle testing are inap-
propriate for joists due to the configurations of
the components and welds.
(b) Strength
Joint connections shall develop the maximum force
due to any of the design loads, but not less than
50 percent of the allowable strength of the member
in tension or compression, whichever force is the
controlling factor in the selection of the member.
82
JOIST GIRDERS
furnished by other than the joist manufacturer.

SECTION 1004. Where it is deemed necessary to bear less than
APPLICATION 6 inches (152 mm) over the masonry or concrete
support, special consideration is to be given to the
design of the steel bearing plate and the masonry or
1004.1 USAGE concrete by the specifying professional. The girders
These specifications shall apply to any type of structure must bear a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) on the
where steel joists are to be supported directly by Joist steel bearing plate.
Girders installed as hereinafter specified. Where (b) Steel
Joist Girders are used other than on simple spans under
equal concentrated gravity loading, as prescribed in Due consideration of the end reactions and all other
Section 1003.1, they shall be investigated and modified if vertical and lateral forces shall be taken by the
necessary to limit the unit stresses to those listed in specifying professional in the design of the steel
Section 1003.2. The magnitude and location of all loads support. The ends of Joist Girders shall extend a
and forces, other than equal concentrated gravity load- distance of not less than 4 inches (102 mm) over the
ings, shall be provided on the structural drawings. The steel supports and shall have positive attachment to
specifying professional shall design the supporting struc- the support, either by bolting or welding.
ture, including the design of columns, connections, and 1004.5 BRACING
moment plates*. This design shall account for the stress-
es caused by lateral forces and the stresses due to con- Joist Girders shall be proportioned such that they can be
necting the bottom chord to the column or other support. erected without bridging (See Section 1004.9 for bracing
required for uplift forces). Therefore, the following
The designed detail of a rigid type connection and
requirements must be met:
moment plates shall be shown on the structural drawings
by the specifying professional. The moment plates shall a) The ends of the bottom chord are restrained from lat-
be furnished by other than the joist manufacturer. eral movement to brace the girder from overturning.
* For further reference, refer to Steel Joist Institute b) No other loads shall be placed on the Joist Girder
Technical Digest #11, “Design of Joist-Girder Frames” until the steel joists bearing on the girder are in place
and welded to the girder.
1004.2 SPAN
The span of a Joist Girder shall not exceed 24 times
1004.6 END ANCHORAGE
its depth. a) Masonry and Concrete
Ends of Joist Girders resting on steel bearing plates
1004.3 DEPTH on masonry or structural concrete shall be attached
Joist Girders may have either parallel top chords or a thereto with a minimum of two ¹⁄₄ inch (6 mm) fillet
welds 2 inches (51 mm) long, or with two ³⁄₄ inch
top chord pitch of ¹⁄₈ inch per foot (1:96). The nominal
(19 mm) bolts, or the equivalent.
depth of pitched chord Joist Girders shall be the depth at
mid-span. b) Steel
Ends of Joist Girders resting on steel supports shall
1004.4 END SUPPORTS be attached thereto with a minimum of two ¹⁄₄ inch
(a) Masonry and Concrete (6mm) fillet welds 2 inches (51 mm) long, or with two
³⁄₄ inch (19 mm) bolts, or the equivalent. In steel
Joist Girders supported by masonry or concrete are
frames, bearing seats for Joist Girders shall be
to bear on steel bearing plates and shall be
fabricated to allow for field bolting.
designed as steel bearing. Due consideration of the
end reactions and all other vertical and lateral forces c) Uplift
shall be taken by the specifying professional in the Where uplift forces are a design consideration, roof
design of the steel bearing plate and the masonry or Joist Girders shall be anchored to resist such forces.
concrete. The ends of Joist Girders shall extend a
distance of not less than 6 inches (152 mm) over the 1004.7 DEFLECTION
masonry or concrete support and be anchored to the The deflections due to the design live load shall not
steel bearing plate. The plate shall be located not exceed the following:
more than ¹⁄₂ inch (13 mm) from the face of the wall
Floors: ¹⁄₃₆₀ of span.
and shall be not less 9 inches (229 mm) wide
perpendicular to the length of the girder. It is Roofs: ¹⁄₃₆₀ of span where a plaster ceiling is
to be designed by the specifying professional in attached or suspended.
compliance with the allowable unit stresses ¹⁄₂₄₀ of span for all other cases.
in Section A5.1 (Allowable Stress Design) of the
AISC Specifications. The steel bearing plate shall be
83
JOIST GIRDERS
The specifying professional shall give due consideration During the construction period, the contractor shall provide
to the effects of deflection and vibration* in the selection means for the adequate distribution of concentrated loads
of Joist Girders. so that the carrying capacity of any Joist Girder is not
* For further reference, refer to Steel Joist Institute exceeded.
Technical Digest #5, “Vibration of Steel Joist-Concrete Field welding shall not damage the Joist Girder. The total
Slab Floors” and the Institute’s Computer Vibration length of weld at any one cross-section on cold-formed
Program. members whose yield strength has been attained by
cold working and whose as-formed strength is used in
1004.8 PONDING the design, shall not exceed 50 percent of the overall
Unless a roof surface is provided with sufficient slope developed width of the cold-formed section.
toward points of free drainage or adequate individual * For a thorough coverage of this topic, refer to SJI
drains to prevent the accumulation of rain water, the roof Technical Digest #9, “Handling and Erection of Steel
system shall be investigated to assure stability under Joists and Joist Girders”.
ponding conditions in accordance with Section K2
(Allowable Stress Design) of the AISC Specification.* SECTION 1006.
The ponding investigation shall be performed by the
specifying professional. HOW TO SPECIFY
* For further reference, refer to Steel Joist Institute JOIST GIRDERS
Roofs to Resist Ponding Loads”. For a given Joist Girder span, the specifying profession-
al first determines the number of joist spaces. Then the
1004.9 UPLIFT panel point loads are calculated and a depth is selected.
Where uplift forces due to wind are a design requirement, The following tables give the Joist Girder weight per lin-
these forces must be indicated on the contract drawings ear foot (Kilograms/Meter) for various depths and loads.
in terms of net uplift in pounds per square foot (Pascals). Example using English units:
When these forces are specified, they must be consid-
ered in the design of Joist Girders and/or bracing. If the 8.8K 8.8K 8.8K 8.8K 8.8K 8.8K 8.8K
Joist
ends of the bottom chord are not strutted, bracing must be Space
provided near the first bottom chord panel points when-
Depth
ever uplift due to wind forces is a design consideration.*

* For further reference, refer to Steel Joist Institute Joist Girder Span (C.L of Column to C.L of Column)
Roofs to Resist Uplift Loads”. STANDARD DESIGNATION
48G 8N 8.8K
1004.10 INSPECTION Depth in Number of Kip Load on Each
Inches Joist Spaces Panel Point
Joist Girders shall be inspected by the manufacturer
before shipment to insure compliance of materials and
Given 50'-0" x 40'-0" bay. Joists spaced on 6'-3" centers.
workmanship with the requirements of this specification.
If the purchaser wishes an inspection of the Joist Girders Live Load = 20 psf
by someone other than the manufacturer’s own inspec- Dead Load = 15 psf (includes the approximate
tors, he may reserve the right to do so in his “Invitation to Joist Girder Weight)
Bid” or the accompanying “Job Specifications”. Total Load = 35 psf
Arrangements shall be made with the manufacturer for
such inspection of the Joist Girders at the manufacturing NOTE: Web configuration may vary from that shown.
shop by the purchaser’s inspectors at purchaser’s Contact Joist Girder manufacturer if exact layout
expense. must be known.
1. Determine number of actual joist spaces (N).
SECTION 1005.* In this example, N = 8.
HANDLING AND 2. Compute total load:
Total load = 6.25 x 35 psf = 218.75 plf
ERECTION 3. Joist Girder Selection: (Interior)
Particular attention should be paid to the erection of a) Compute the concentrated load at top chord
Joist Girders. panel points P = 218.75 x 40 = 8,750 lbs. =
Care shall be exercised at all times to avoid damage 8.8 kips (use 9K for depth selection).
through careless handling during unloading, storing and
erecting. Dropping of Joist Girders shall not be permitted.
84
JOIST GIRDERS
b) Select Joist Girder depth:

Refer to the Joist Girder Design Guide Weight Table
for the 50'-0" span, 8 panel, 9.0K Joist Girder. The
rule of about one inch of depth for each foot of span
is a good compromise of limited depth and economy.
Therefore, select a depth of 48 inches.
c) The Joist Girder will then be designated
48G8N8.8K.
d) The Joist Girder table shows the weight for a
48G8N9K as 43 pounds per linear foot. The
designer should verify that the weight is not
greater than the weight assumed in the dead
load above.
e) Check live load deflection:
Live load = 20 psf x 40 ft. = 800 plf. Approximate
Joist Girder moment of inertia = 0.027 NPLd =
0.027 x 8 x 9 x 50 x 48 = 4666 in4.
Allowable deflection for 50 x 12
plastered ceilings = L/360 = = 1.67 in.
360
Deflection = 1.15
5wL4
=
(
0.800
)
1.15 x 5 12 (50 x 12 )
4
384EI 384 x 29,000 x 4666
= 0.96 in. < 1.67 in., Okay

Live load deflection rarely governs because of the
relatively small span-depth ratios of Joist Girders.
1. The purpose of the Design Guide Weight Table for
Joist Girders is to assist the specifying professional
in the selection of a roof or floor support system.
2. It is not necessary to use only the depths, spans, or
loads shown in the tables.
3. Holes in chord elements present special problems
which must be considered by both the specifying
professional and the Joist Girder Manufacturer. The
sizes and locations of such holes shall be clearly
indicated on the structural drawings.
85
JOIST GIRDERS
DESIGN GUIDE WEIGHT TABLE FOR JOIST GIRDERS
Joist Girder Weight — Pounds Per Linear Foot
PANEL POINT LOAD (THE GIRDER SELF-WEIGHT SHALL BE INCLUDED IN THE PANEL POINT LOAD)
No. of Depth
Span Joist 4K 5K 6K 7K 8K 9K 10K 11K 12K 13K 14K 15K 16K 17K 18K 19K 20K
(in.)
Spaces
20 13 13 14 16 17 20 22 23 25 27 29 30 31 34 36 39 40
3N@6.67' 24 13 14 14 14 15 17 19 21 22 24 25 25 29 29 30 32 33
28 13 14 14 14 15 17 17 17 21 22 23 24 24 26 27 30 31
20'0"
20 14 14 15 17 18 21 23 24 26 28 31 33 34 37 38 41 43
4N@5.0' 24 14 15 15 15 16 18 20 22 23 25 27 28 32 32 32 34 35
28 14 15 15 15 16 18 18 18 22 23 25 26 26 28 29 32 33
20 17 17 17 18 20 23 24 27 28 30 33 34 39 40 43 46 46
22'0" 4N@5.5' 24 17 17 17 17 18 19 21 23 24 27 29 29 33 34 34 40 40
28 17 17 17 17 17 18 19 20 21 24 25 27 28 29 30 34 35
20 15 15 17 19 22 24 26 29 32 34 36 37 41 45 46 49 51
24 15 15 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 30 31 33 34 37 38 40 43
4N@6.0'
28 15 15 15 16 17 18 21 24 24 26 28 29 31 33 34 35 37
32 15 15 15 16 16 19 19 22 22 25 25 27 29 30 31 31 34
24'0"
20 17 18 18 23 26 28 29 33 39 39 42 45 49 52 52 56 60
24 17 17 18 19 20 24 26 29 30 34 34 40 40 43 47 47 50
5N@4.8'
28 17 17 18 18 19 21 24 25 28 29 31 34 35 38 41 41 45
32 18 18 18 18 18 19 20 22 25 26 29 31 32 33 37 37 43
20 16 16 18 20 22 25 27 31 32 35 37 39 42 44 46 48 52
24 15 15 17 17 20 22 24 26 27 30 32 34 35 38 40 42 45
4N@6.25'
28 15 15 15 16 18 20 22 23 26 28 28 31 33 34 35 37 39
32 15 15 16 16 17 19 20 22 24 25 27 28 29 31 33 34 35
25'0"
20 18 18 22 25 27 31 33 36 40 43 45 48 52 55 57 60 63
24 16 16 19 21 24 26 29 32 34 37 40 41 44 47 50 53 55
5N@5.0'
28 15 15 17 19 21 24 27 28 31 33 34 38 39 42 44 46 48
32 15 15 16 19 20 22 24 26 28 29 32 34 34 37 40 42 44
20 16 16 19 22 24 26 29 32 33 37 39 42 44 47 50 52 53
24 15 15 16 19 21 22 25 27 30 32 33 35 38 40 41 43 45
4N@6.5'
28 15 15 15 17 18 20 23 24 27 28 30 33 33 35 36 38 40
32 15 15 16 16 17 18 20 23 24 26 27 28 31 33 34 35 36
26'0"
20 19 19 21 25 28 31 36 39 42 43 48 50 55 58 61 65 68
24 16 16 19 22 26 27 31 32 35 38 41 42 46 48 50 53 56
5N@5.20'
28 15 15 17 19 21 24 27 29 32 33 36 38 40 43 45 47 49
32 15 15 17 19 20 23 24 28 28 31 33 34 36 38 40 43 45
20 17 17 20 22 25 29 31 34 37 39 44 44 47 50 52 55 58
24 16 16 17 21 22 25 26 29 32 33 35 38 41 43 44 47 49
4N@7.0' 28 15 15 17 17 20 22 24 27 27 30 33 33 36 37 39 42 45
32 15 15 15 17 18 20 22 24 25 27 28 31 33 34 34 37 40
36 16 16 16 16 18 19 20 23 24 25 29 29 29 31 33 34 35
20 20 20 24 27 30 36 39 42 44 48 52 55 59 62 65 67 70
24 18 18 21 23 26 29 32 36 37 41 42 46 49 53 56 58 60
28'0" 5N@5.6' 28 17 17 19 21 23 26 29 31 33 37 37 40 43 45 47 49 51
32 16 16 17 19 22 24 27 28 30 33 34 38 38 41 44 46 48
36 16 16 16 19 20 23 25 27 28 31 33 33 36 38 41 42 43
20 20 23 26 29 35 38 44 47 51 55 58 64 68 73 76 80 85
24 18 19 23 26 29 33 36 39 42 45 52 52 56 59 63 66 74
6N@4.67' 28 17 18 20 23 27 29 30 34 39 40 43 47 50 53 57 58 61
32 17 18 19 20 24 27 29 31 35 35 41 41 45 49 49 52 55
36 18 18 19 19 22 25 26 30 32 32 37 39 43 44 47 50 50
24 18 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 39 42 45 48 52 55 58 61 63
28 17 17 19 22 26 28 31 32 36 37 40 43 46 48 50 54 57
5N@6.0' 32 17 17 17 21 22 25 28 30 32 34 37 38 41 43 45 48 51
36 16 16 18 20 22 23 27 28 31 33 33 35 39 40 42 44 46
40 16 16 17 18 20 24 24 27 29 30 31 34 35 38 41 42 44
30'0"
24 17 20 23 28 32 35 38 41 45 51 52 58 59 65 66 68 76
28 17 18 20 24 27 30 34 39 39 43 46 49 53 56 60 61 66
6N@5.0' 32 17 18 19 21 25 28 29 33 35 40 40 44 48 50 54 55 58
36 18 18 19 20 24 26 29 30 32 35 38 42 43 46 49 49 55
40 18 18 19 20 21 25 27 30 32 33 36 38 43 44 45 47 50
24 20 20 24 25 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 52 55 59 63 67 70
28 18 18 21 24 26 30 31 36 37 40 43 46 49 51 54 57 60
5N@6.4' 32 17 17 19 21 24 27 30 32 34 36 37 41 43 46 49 52 54
36 16 16 18 20 22 26 28 30 33 33 35 38 39 42 45 47 49
40 16 16 18 19 22 24 26 28 30 32 33 35 39 41 43 44 46
32'0"
24 22 22 26 30 34 37 42 45 48 52 55 59 63 67 70 76 80
28 20 20 22 26 30 33 37 40 43 46 49 52 56 60 64 67 69
6N@5.33' 32 19 19 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 47 51 53 56 58 61
36 18 18 20 24 26 29 32 34 37 38 40 43 48 50 51 55 58
40 17 17 19 22 25 28 29 32 35 35 39 41 43 46 49 51 53
24 20 20 25 29 30 36 39 42 45 48 52 55 61 64 68 71 74
28 20 20 21 24 28 31 33 37 39 42 46 49 49 52 56 60 64
34'0" 5N@6.8' 32 17 17 20 21 26 28 31 34 36 37 42 43 47 49 50 54 57
36 17 17 19 21 24 26 29 31 32 35 38 40 43 45 48 50 52
40 16 16 18 20 23 26 27 29 32 33 35 38 39 41 44 47 49
NOTE: Contact Canam if the panel point load exceeds the table.
86
JOIST GIRDERS
No. of
Depth
(in.)
Spaces
24 24 24 27 31 36 40 43 48 51 55 59 63 70 74 78 84 87
28 22 22 25 28 32 36 39 42 44 49 52 56 58 62 65 68 71
34'0" 6N@5.67' 32 19 19 23 27 29 33 35 37 41 45 46 51 51 56 60 63 65
36 18 18 21 24 27 30 32 34 38 39 43 46 49 51 53 56 59
40 18 18 20 23 25 28 31 33 34 37 41 42 46 49 52 54 55
28 20 20 23 25 29 31 35 38 41 43 47 49 53 57 60 62 64
32 18 18 20 23 27 29 32 33 37 39 42 44 47 49 52 54 57
5N@7.0'
36 17 17 19 21 25 27 30 32 32 37 38 41 44 46 48 50 52
40 17 17 18 22 22 27 28 30 32 33 35 38 39 42 45 47 49
28 22 22 25 29 32 36 39 44 46 49 52 56 60 64 68 74 79
32 20 20 23 26 30 33 37 38 41 45 48 51 53 57 60 63 66
35'0" 6N@5.83'
36 19 19 22 25 28 31 34 35 38 41 44 46 50 53 55 58 61
40 18 18 20 24 26 28 32 34 36 39 40 44 48 50 52 54 57
28 25 25 29 32 37 42 45 50 54 58 63 68 70 74 77 80 85
32 22 22 26 30 33 37 42 45 48 51 57 59 65 68 70 72 75
7N@5.0'
36 21 21 25 28 31 34 38 41 45 48 52 55 59 63 65 66 69
40 21 21 23 27 30 33 35 40 43 45 48 52 54 58 61 63 66
28 22 22 25 30 35 36 41 44 48 50 55 58 64 67 70 74 78
32 21 21 23 27 32 33 37 40 43 46 50 51 57 60 63 66 69
6N@6.0' 36 19 19 22 25 28 32 34 38 39 42 46 48 52 55 57 60 62
40 18 18 21 24 28 29 32 34 37 39 42 45 48 51 53 56 58
44 19 19 21 23 26 29 31 33 35 38 41 41 45 47 49 52 54
36'0"
28 25 25 30 34 39 42 47 50 55 59 63 70 78 79 81 84 88
32 22 22 26 31 34 39 43 46 50 53 57 61 65 69 72 76 78
7N@5.14' 36 22 22 25 29 32 35 38 43 46 49 53 57 59 63 66 70 74
40 21 21 25 28 31 33 37 40 42 46 50 53 55 59 62 65 68
44 19 19 22 26 29 32 35 38 41 44 48 50 53 56 58 61 64
28 24 24 28 31 36 39 42 45 50 55 57 63 65 70 73 77 80
32 21 21 25 28 32 37 38 42 44 49 50 56 59 62 65 69 72
6N@6.33' 36 20 20 23 27 30 32 36 37 41 44 47 51 52 56 60 63 65
40 20 20 22 26 28 30 33 35 39 42 45 47 49 52 55 58 61
44 19 19 21 23 26 28 31 34 36 40 41 44 47 49 52 55 57
38'0"
28 26 26 31 36 40 45 48 55 58 63 70 71 78 81 84 87 93
32 24 24 28 32 37 40 44 49 53 56 60 64 69 74 75 79 84
7N@5.43' 36 22 22 27 30 33 38 41 44 48 51 54 58 62 67 71 76 80
40 21 21 25 28 32 34 39 42 45 47 53 54 58 61 63 68 72
44 21 21 23 28 30 34 35 41 41 46 49 51 54 58 61 63 65
28 25 25 29 32 36 42 45 48 52 55 61 63 68 73 77 80 84
32 22 22 25 31 33 37 39 43 46 49 55 56 62 66 69 71 76
6N@6.67' 36 21 21 24 27 32 34 37 40 44 47 50 51 57 60 63 68 72
40 20 20 22 26 30 32 34 38 41 44 46 48 52 55 58 60 62
44 19 19 23 25 28 31 34 35 39 40 43 45 50 51 53 56 60
28 27 27 32 38 42 48 51 57 62 67 70 73 80 84 90 94 98
32 25 25 30 34 37 42 46 49 56 58 64 69 71 75 77 81 86
40'0" 7N@5.71' 36 23 23 27 32 35 38 43 47 51 53 58 61 66 69 72 76 80
40 23 23 26 30 33 36 39 43 47 50 52 57 59 63 66 71 75
44 21 21 25 29 31 34 37 40 43 47 50 53 57 60 63 66 69
28 31 31 36 42 47 51 57 62 70 72 76 84 92 95 99 103 109
32 28 28 32 37 43 46 51 56 60 66 71 74 78 82 89 93 99
8N@5.0' 36 26 26 30 34 39 43 48 51 56 60 66 68 73 77 79 82 87
40 24 24 28 33 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 63 67 71 75 79 81
44 23 23 29 32 36 39 42 45 49 53 55 59 63 67 70 75 79
32 24 24 28 31 36 39 42 46 49 53 56 62 64 68 71 75 79
36 21 21 25 29 32 37 37 43 45 48 50 55 57 61 65 69 72
40 21 21 23 27 30 32 38 38 43 44 48 52 54 56 58 62 66
6N@7.0'
44 20 20 23 27 28 32 33 38 39 42 45 48 51 54 56 59 62
48 19 19 22 24 27 30 34 36 37 40 43 46 48 51 54 56 57
52 20 20 22 24 27 31 33 35 36 38 41 44 47 50 52 54 55
32 25 25 30 36 39 44 48 52 56 63 68 71 73 76 80 85 91
36 25 25 29 33 37 40 43 47 51 57 61 65 70 72 75 79 84
40 22 22 28 30 33 38 41 44 48 52 55 59 62 67 71 76 81
42'0" 7N@6.0'
44 23 23 26 28 33 36 39 43 46 49 53 56 59 63 66 70 73
48 21 21 24 29 32 35 37 41 43 47 49 54 55 59 62 65 68
52 22 22 25 28 31 33 36 38 42 45 48 50 53 57 60 62 64
32 23 28 33 38 45 48 51 58 62 66 73 77 82 90 93 98 101
36 21 26 29 34 39 42 46 53 56 60 67 67 75 79 86 91 97
40 20 24 28 31 35 40 44 47 54 55 61 62 68 69 76 81 88
8N@5.25'
44 19 22 26 30 34 36 41 45 49 52 56 60 63 67 70 78 78
48 19 21 26 30 32 36 39 43 47 51 54 57 61 64 65 72 73
52 20 21 24 28 31 34 39 42 45 49 52 53 59 59 63 67 71
87
JOIST GIRDERS
No. of Depth
Span Joist (in.) 4K 5K 6K 7K 8K 9K 10K 11K 12K 13K 14K 15K 16K 17K 18K 19K 20K
Spaces
32 28 28 32 36 42 45 49 55 61 63 70 78 78 85 87 90 98
36 26 26 30 33 37 43 46 50 53 57 63 65 71 76 80 86 88
40 24 24 27 32 35 38 44 47 51 54 58 61 66 69 73 77 81
7N@6.29'
44 23 23 27 31 33 38 39 45 47 51 52 57 59 63 67 71 75
48 23 23 26 29 32 35 39 41 45 47 50 54 57 61 65 67 69
52 22 22 25 29 31 36 37 42 43 46 48 52 56 59 62 64 66
32 30 30 36 41 46 50 55 63 68 71 78 83 87 93 97 100 104
36 28 28 33 37 42 46 50 57 60 65 70 72 79 86 88 93 99
40 27 27 31 34 38 44 48 51 55 60 66 68 73 77 81 88 90
44'0" 8N@5.5'
44 24 24 29 34 37 41 46 50 53 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 83
48 24 24 30 32 36 40 42 47 49 54 56 62 64 67 70 75 79
52 24 24 27 31 35 38 42 45 49 51 56 58 62 65 67 71 74
32 27 32 38 45 48 54 58 65 72 77 84 87 97 99 104 108 114
36 24 29 34 40 46 49 53 60 67 67 75 79 86 89 99 101 105
40 21 28 31 35 41 47 50 54 61 65 69 76 76 81 86 91 95
9N@4.89'
44 20 26 30 35 38 42 49 52 56 60 63 70 71 77 82 84 90
48 20 25 29 32 37 42 44 51 53 58 61 65 69 72 80 81 85
52 21 24 28 32 35 39 45 49 52 55 59 63 67 67 74 75 82
32 22 27 31 35 38 44 51 52 58 64 65 72 73 86 87 92 99
36 19 24 28 32 38 39 45 45 52 58 59 66 66 74 74 86 88
40 19 23 27 29 33 39 40 46 47 53 53 60 61 67 67 75 76
7N@6.43' 44 19 20 24 28 30 35 40 41 47 47 53 54 61 61 62 68 69
48 18 20 24 25 30 34 36 41 42 48 49 50 55 56 62 63 70
52 19 20 22 25 29 31 35 37 42 43 49 50 50 56 57 64 64
56 19 20 22 25 27 31 33 36 39 44 45 48 51 51 58 58 59
32 30 30 36 42 46 52 57 63 68 78 78 84 87 94 99 105 109
36 29 29 33 37 43 46 51 57 60 65 72 79 80 82 88 94 100
40 27 27 32 36 39 44 48 52 58 60 66 71 73 76 82 85 90
45'0" 8N@5.63' 44 25 25 30 33 39 42 46 49 53 56 62 66 68 71 76 80 83
48 25 25 30 33 36 41 44 47 51 54 57 62 65 67 74 78 84
52 25 25 28 31 36 39 43 45 48 52 56 59 63 65 71 74 77
56 24 24 28 32 35 38 41 44 47 51 54 58 59 62 67 71 74
32 34 34 41 47 52 58 63 70 78 83 86 93 99 104 110 115 125
36 31 31 37 43 48 53 58 64 72 79 80 83 89 94 101 102 109
40 29 29 34 40 44 49 53 58 64 68 74 81 86 88 90 94 100
9N@5.0' 44 28 28 34 38 42 48 51 54 60 64 69 76 79 84 88 90 93
48 28 28 33 36 42 44 50 53 56 62 64 71 76 81 85 88 91
52 28 28 31 35 39 43 48 51 55 58 63 66 72 76 80 85 89
56 27 27 32 35 40 43 46 50 53 57 60 64 68 72 75 80 84
32 29 29 33 39 42 48 52 57 63 68 70 78 82 87 91 98 100
36 26 26 31 36 40 43 48 53 56 62 64 69 75 80 84 88 90
40 25 25 29 32 38 41 44 49 51 56 59 63 69 73 77 79 81
7N@6.57' 44 23 23 28 32 35 39 42 45 49 52 55 59 65 68 72 76 79
48 23 23 27 30 34 36 40 43 46 49 53 56 60 63 66 69 73
52 22 22 24 30 33 35 37 41 44 47 51 55 56 59 62 66 69
56 22 22 25 29 32 35 36 41 43 45 49 53 55 58 60 63 66
32 31 31 37 42 48 52 57 63 70 78 82 86 90 99 101 107 112
36 28 28 34 38 43 49 53 57 64 69 72 79 84 88 91 100 102
40 27 27 32 35 41 44 49 52 58 62 66 71 73 79 86 88 91
46'0" 8N@5.75' 44 26 26 30 34 39 42 48 51 54 59 62 67 72 77 82 84 87
48 25 25 29 33 36 41 44 48 52 55 59 63 67 71 74 79 84
52 25 25 30 33 36 39 42 46 50 52 56 59 63 67 70 75 79
56 25 25 28 32 36 38 43 45 48 52 54 58 61 63 66 70 74
32 27 33 38 45 51 58 62 68 73 85 88 98 100 104 111 116 127
36 24 30 34 39 45 52 56 60 66 74 79 86 89 95 102 105 110
40 24 28 33 40 43 47 53 57 61 68 71 76 80 88 91 95 101
9N@5.11' 44 22 26 30 36 41 44 49 55 59 63 66 70 77 78 82 91 95
48 21 25 30 33 37 42 47 50 57 57 64 65 71 72 80 84 90
52 21 23 30 32 36 40 45 48 52 58 59 66 66 73 74 81 81
56 21 23 28 32 35 40 46 47 52 54 60 61 65 69 72 75 76
32 30 30 35 40 45 48 55 61 66 70 77 78 85 90 93 99 105
36 28 28 31 37 41 46 49 54 59 64 68 71 79 85 88 89 92
40 25 25 30 33 38 42 47 50 53 57 63 65 70 75 80 84 88
44 25 25 29 33 37 39 43 47 51 54 58 62 66 70 74 79 81
7N@6.86'
48 23 23 27 31 34 38 41 45 49 51 53 58 60 64 68 72 75
52 23 23 27 30 33 37 39 43 46 50 52 54 59 62 65 69 72
56 23 23 25 29 33 35 38 42 44 48 51 54 56 60 63 67 69
60 22 22 25 30 32 35 36 39 44 46 49 50 55 58 61 62 64
48'0"
32 32 32 39 44 48 55 61 68 70 78 84 88 95 100 105 110 118
36 30 30 36 40 45 49 56 60 64 71 78 79 86 90 96 101 105
40 28 28 33 38 42 47 51 54 59 65 70 72 80 86 88 91 95
44 27 27 32 35 39 45 49 52 55 59 65 67 74 78 82 85 89
8N@6.0'
48 26 26 30 34 37 41 47 50 53 56 60 65 68 72 76 80 84
52 26 26 30 33 36 42 44 48 51 55 59 62 65 68 71 76 80
56 25 25 28 33 36 39 43 46 49 53 57 60 63 66 69 74 78
60 24 24 29 33 35 37 41 45 48 51 55 58 59 64 68 72 75
88
JOIST GIRDERS
No. of Depth
Span Joist (in.) 4K 5K 6K 7K 8K 9K 10K 11K 12K 13K 14K 15K 16K 17K 18K 19K 20K
Spaces
32 36 36 44 48 55 62 69 77 82 85 93 99 103 109 114 125 136
36 32 32 40 45 50 56 64 69 72 79 85 89 94 99 105 110 112
40 31 31 38 41 47 52 57 62 67 73 80 85 87 89 95 100 102
44 30 30 35 39 45 49 54 59 63 67 75 82 83 84 88 92 97
48'0" 9N@5.33'
48 30 30 34 37 42 47 51 55 60 63 69 74 77 81 85 90 94
52 28 28 33 37 42 45 49 53 57 63 65 71 73 80 86 89 92
56 28 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 59 63 67 73 77 81 85 89
60 27 27 33 36 39 42 46 50 54 57 60 65 69 73 76 80 84
32 34 34 39 45 51 57 62 69 77 82 86 94 97 103 109 115 123
36 31 31 37 43 46 52 56 63 68 71 78 83 91 96 100 103 108
40 29 29 34 38 43 47 54 57 63 65 72 79 80 87 90 95 101
44 27 27 33 37 41 45 49 53 58 62 66 71 74 78 82 88 91
8N@6.25'
48 27 27 31 35 40 43 46 51 54 59 64 68 72 77 83 85 88
52 26 26 29 35 38 41 44 49 54 56 61 64 67 71 75 80 85
56 25 25 30 33 36 41 43 48 51 56 57 62 63 68 72 76 80
60 25 25 29 33 37 39 44 47 50 52 57 58 61 65 69 72 75
32 38 38 44 51 57 62 69 78 83 86 96 101 108 113 123 134 138
36 34 34 40 46 52 58 63 71 78 83 86 90 97 100 106 112 124
40 32 32 38 44 49 54 59 65 70 80 80 86 88 94 100 102 106
44 31 31 35 41 45 52 55 61 66 72 74 82 86 92 97 98 100
50'0" 9N@5.56'
48 29 29 34 40 43 48 54 57 61 68 70 76 83 86 89 95 97
52 30 30 33 37 42 47 50 55 58 63 68 71 78 82 86 93 95
56 28 28 33 37 40 46 49 53 57 60 64 68 72 77 81 85 89
60 28 28 32 37 40 45 47 51 55 59 62 66 70 75 80 84 88
32 44 44 51 61 68 76 79 84 92 98 103 110 124 131 134
36 42 42 47 55 62 68 77 80 83 87 93 100 105 112 120 132 137
40 37 37 44 49 56 63 69 79 81 83 87 93 100 102 108 111 122
44 35 35 41 46 52 57 65 70 75 82 84 87 90 95 101 103 109
10N@5.0'
48 34 34 39 44 50 55 60 66 72 76 83 85 87 93 97 100 104
52 33 33 37 43 48 52 56 61 68 73 75 82 86 92 96 99 102
56 33 33 37 41 46 49 54 58 64 69 74 76 83 89 95 98 100
60 33 33 35 39 46 47 53 56 62 65 70 76 77 83 88 95 102
36 32 32 37 42 49 54 59 63 70 74 80 86 92 98 101 108 112
40 30 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 64 69 76 79 83 88 92 100 102
44 29 29 33 38 42 47 51 54 58 64 71 73 81 84 87 90 93
8N@6.5' 48 28 28 32 36 40 45 49 52 56 60 66 67 72 77 82 85 89
52 26 26 31 34 39 43 47 50 53 57 61 67 69 73 76 80 84
56 26 26 30 35 37 42 45 48 52 55 59 62 66 71 76 80 84
60 25 25 30 34 36 39 44 46 49 53 57 60 64 68 72 75 78
36 37 37 43 49 55 59 68 71 79 85 88 98 100 105 110 116 128
40 33 33 38 43 50 56 61 65 72 80 82 87 90 99 101 105 112
44 32 32 37 41 46 52 58 62 66 73 81 84 88 93 98 102 103
52'0" 9N@5.78' 48 31 31 35 40 46 50 53 60 63 68 73 76 84 87 91 96 100
52 30 30 35 38 44 48 51 55 61 65 69 75 77 82 88 94 96
56 29 29 34 38 43 46 51 53 57 63 67 72 77 81 87 90 92
60 28 28 32 37 41 45 50 52 57 61 65 67 73 77 81 85 90
36 30 38 45 51 58 65 72 77 84 92 98 104 109 118 125 136 140
40 29 34 40 46 52 59 66 74 75 87 92 99 102 106 112 120 128
44 27 31 37 43 47 54 61 65 69 76 80 87 98 103 105 107 114
10N@5.2' 48 26 31 36 41 48 51 56 63 67 70 77 83 93 102 103 104 106
52 25 30 33 40 43 50 53 57 65 68 72 80 80 93 101 102 103
56 24 28 33 38 44 48 52 58 60 66 70 74 82 82 86 94 102
60 23 28 33 36 40 46 53 55 61 65 69 72 76 83 84 90 101
36 33 33 39 45 49 56 61 68 75 78 85 89 94 99 107 110 118
40 31 31 37 41 46 50 57 62 67 71 79 80 87 90 95 101 106
44 29 29 34 38 44 48 51 57 63 65 71 77 81 85 88 92 98
48 28 28 33 38 42 45 50 53 58 63 67 72 74 78 82 89 91
8N@6.75'
52 27 27 31 35 40 43 47 51 56 60 64 68 73 77 81 82 84
56 27 27 30 35 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 65 67 71 75 80 85
60 25 25 31 34 36 41 45 49 52 56 59 63 65 69 72 76 80
64 27 27 31 35 37 40 44 47 50 54 57 61 65 68 71 75 79
54'0"
36 37 37 42 49 55 63 70 78 82 91 93 99 104 110 115 126 137
40 34 34 40 46 51 57 64 69 79 79 92 93 95 100 105 111 113
44 32 32 38 44 48 54 58 65 70 73 81 86 89 94 100 104 109
48 31 31 35 42 46 52 56 59 67 72 75 82 83 88 92 97 101
9N@6.0'
52 29 29 34 40 43 49 54 57 61 67 70 76 84 86 89 95 97
56 30 30 35 38 42 48 51 55 59 63 68 71 78 82 86 93 94
60 29 29 34 37 43 46 50 53 57 60 64 70 73 77 81 85 89
64 29 29 34 38 41 45 48 51 55 59 66 66 73 76 80 85 91
89
JOIST GIRDERS
No. of
Depth
(in.)
Spaces
36 45 45 51 58 67 76 80 82 86 93 99 108 117 124 130 138
40 40 40 47 53 61 68 77 80 83 87 93 101 105 109 119 127 131
44 40 40 44 50 56 62 70 78 82 84 87 90 99 104 106 112 123
48 34 34 41 47 54 57 65 71 78 83 84 87 94 103 104 106 108
54'0" 10N@5.4'
52 35 35 42 45 50 56 60 67 72 74 81 85 87 94 102 103 105
56 34 34 39 44 48 53 57 63 68 74 76 82 86 87 91 96 103
60 34 34 37 44 46 50 56 61 64 72 75 77 84 85 90 93 102
64 34 34 38 40 46 50 55 60 63 66 74 76 78 84 89 92 94
36 34 34 40 45 51 56 63 68 78 78 87 90 100 103 108 112 120
40 31 31 37 43 46 53 56 62 69 71 79 84 87 93 100 103 110
44 31 31 34 40 44 49 54 57 63 69 73 80 80 88 90 94 101
48 28 28 33 38 42 45 50 55 59 65 67 72 78 80 82 90 93
8N@6.88' 52 27 27 32 36 40 44 49 53 56 60 66 68 72 78 83 85 89
56 26 26 32 35 39 43 47 51 54 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85
60 25 25 31 35 37 42 46 49 52 56 60 62 67 71 74 78 81
64 26 26 31 35 37 40 44 48 50 54 57 61 65 68 71 75 79
68 27 27 31 34 37 40 44 48 51 53 57 59 63 67 70 73 75
36 37 37 44 50 55 63 70 78 84 91 95 100 105 111 125 127 136
40 34 34 40 46 53 59 64 71 79 84 93 94 99 101 107 112 117
44 32 32 38 44 49 54 60 65 70 80 81 87 90 95 102 105 111
48 32 32 36 42 45 52 56 61 67 72 75 82 87 90 92 99 103
9N@6.11' 52 31 31 35 41 45 50 54 58 63 69 73 76 84 87 90 96 99
56 30 30 35 38 42 48 51 55 62 64 70 75 78 82 86 94 96
60 30 30 35 38 43 46 50 53 58 63 66 72 78 81 87 90 93
64 29 29 34 38 41 45 50 53 58 62 66 68 74 78 82 87 91
68 29 29 34 37 41 46 49 52 56 60 63 67 72 75 77 82 86
55'0"
36 45 45 51 60 67 76 88 89 90 97 103 110 119 125 135 140
40 41 41 48 55 63 68 77 81 84 88 95 102 106 114 121 129 133
44 40 40 46 50 56 64 70 79 82 85 88 94 101 105 107 116 124
48 37 37 43 47 54 59 65 71 80 83 85 88 95 103 105 109 113
10N@5.5' 52 35 35 41 46 51 56 62 70 72 80 84 87 90 95 103 104 107
56 36 36 39 45 48 53 59 63 71 74 82 86 88 90 93 98 104
60 35 35 37 44 47 52 57 61 67 73 75 84 87 88 91 94 103
64 34 34 37 40 47 51 55 60 64 68 74 77 85 87 89 93 96
68 35 35 37 38 47 49 53 58 64 67 71 77 78 84 89 90 92
36 46 46 54 65 71 80 84 87 97 106 108 123 133 135
40 45 45 50 58 68 73 81 85 87 98 100 109 115 124 136 139
44 41 41 47 53 60 70 74 82 85 88 94 102 109 112 125 130 140
48 38 38 44 51 58 65 71 80 82 86 89 91 101 103 111 114 129
11N@5.0' 52 37 37 42 48 56 59 67 72 81 84 88 90 93 101 103 107 113
56 36 36 43 46 51 57 63 69 74 82 86 88 90 94 98 106 107
60 36 36 40 46 50 55 61 65 73 77 84 87 88 92 94 98 105
64 35 35 39 46 48 54 60 63 71 76 78 85 89 91 93 97 101
68 35 35 39 44 48 53 58 63 67 73 78 80 88 89 91 95 97
36 35 35 40 45 52 56 63 70 78 78 88 91 101 104 109 114 126
40 31 31 37 43 48 53 56 64 69 76 79 86 89 97 101 105 111
44 31 31 35 41 44 50 54 57 63 70 73 80 81 90 92 98 103
48 30 30 33 39 43 48 52 56 59 65 70 74 78 81 85 91 94
8N@7.0' 52 28 28 32 36 40 46 49 53 58 60 66 68 73 78 83 86 91
56 27 27 32 35 39 44 47 51 54 59 61 67 69 73 77 81 85
60 26 26 31 35 38 42 46 48 52 56 60 63 69 72 75 80 84
64 26 26 31 35 37 42 44 48 51 55 57 62 65 69 72 76 79
68 27 27 32 34 38 41 45 47 51 55 57 59 64 68 72 75 79
36 39 39 45 52 57 63 70 78 86 92 98 101 109 113 126 136 139
40 36 36 43 46 53 60 64 71 79 83 93 95 101 102 109 114 126
44 33 33 38 44 51 54 61 65 72 80 81 88 92 96 103 106 114
48 32 32 38 42 47 52 59 62 67 72 81 82 87 91 93 100 105
56'0" 9N@6.22' 52 31 31 36 41 46 50 53 60 64 68 73 76 83 87 91 96 100
56 30 30 35 40 44 48 51 56 62 65 70 75 78 82 86 94 97
60 30 30 34 38 43 46 51 56 59 64 67 72 77 81 87 90 93
64 31 31 34 38 41 45 50 54 58 61 66 69 74 78 82 87 91
68 29 29 34 38 41 46 48 52 56 60 63 67 72 77 82 86 89
36 45 45 52 60 68 76 88 90 92 98 104 112 120 129 136 140
40 42 42 48 55 63 68 77 89 90 91 96 103 107 115 122 130 137
44 40 40 46 53 58 67 70 79 82 86 89 96 102 106 110 117 125
48 37 37 43 48 54 60 69 72 80 83 86 89 96 104 106 110 115
10N@5.6' 52 35 35 42 47 51 58 64 69 74 81 84 88 91 96 104 105 108
56 36 36 39 45 48 55 59 65 71 75 82 86 90 92 95 99 105
60 35 35 37 44 47 54 57 63 67 75 76 83 87 89 92 95 103
64 35 35 38 42 47 51 55 61 65 70 76 78 85 87 91 94 97
68 35 35 38 41 47 50 53 60 63 67 72 78 79 85 90 91 93
90
JOIST GIRDERS
No. of
Depth
(in.)
Spaces
36 35 47 53 60 67 74 85 88 98 107 112 124 134 136
40 34 41 48 54 61 68 76 86 88 99 101 110 120 125 137 139
44 31 39 45 52 59 63 70 77 82 89 99 103 110 112 126 131 140
48 31 37 43 50 56 61 65 72 79 84 90 95 102 104 113 121 130
56'0" 11N@5.1' 52 30 35 42 48 52 58 66 70 74 81 86 91 93 103 104 112 115
56 29 34 40 46 53 56 61 68 72 75 83 88 91 95 102 107 109
60 29 34 38 44 48 55 62 63 70 74 78 85 89 93 95 100 106
64 28 34 38 43 49 54 58 64 68 72 79 80 87 89 93 98 103
68 27 33 39 43 47 52 59 62 66 70 74 82 83 90 91 96 99
36 39 39 45 53 61 67 77 82 87 93 100 102 110 123 128 139 141
40 37 37 43 49 56 62 68 75 79 85 94 98 102 105 110 124 130
44 34 34 41 45 51 57 63 70 72 80 83 89 93 100 104 109 116
48 32 32 38 43 48 53 58 64 71 74 81 86 89 94 95 103 107
52 32 32 36 42 46 52 56 60 66 72 75 83 83 93 94 98 103
9N@6.44'
56 30 30 35 41 44 49 54 58 62 67 73 77 85 92 93 96 98
60 31 31 35 39 43 48 52 55 61 63 69 75 79 83 87 94 95
64 31 31 36 38 44 47 50 53 58 62 67 71 76 82 87 89 90
68 32 32 34 38 42 45 49 53 59 62 66 68 73 77 81 86 91
72 31 31 35 39 42 47 49 53 57 61 64 68 73 76 78 82 86
36 48 48 55 65 69 79 89 92 93 100 105 114 124 131 137
40 44 44 50 57 66 70 80 90 91 92 99 104 112 118 124 133 139
44 40 40 46 53 61 69 75 81 84 88 92 97 103 108 115 119 129
48 39 39 45 50 57 63 70 77 82 85 87 91 97 105 108 113 117
52 37 37 43 47 53 59 66 71 78 81 85 90 93 99 105 106 110
58'0" 10N@5.8'
56 36 36 42 46 52 56 61 70 73 80 82 88 91 95 97 100 106
60 37 37 40 45 48 53 60 64 72 74 81 83 89 94 95 97 104
64 36 36 37 44 48 50 59 62 67 73 76 82 85 93 94 96 99
68 36 36 38 40 48 51 56 61 64 68 75 77 84 87 89 95 96
72 35 35 38 40 47 50 54 60 64 66 72 77 79 84 89 94 95
36 41 47 54 61 68 79 86 96 100 109 115 133 135
40 36 42 49 58 65 72 80 87 94 101 106 115 124 134 139
44 33 42 49 56 63 67 77 78 85 92 102 104 112 120 128 137 141
48 33 38 44 50 57 64 71 79 80 87 92 100 104 110 115 127 132
52 32 38 45 48 55 59 66 74 81 81 88 93 101 105 107 114 126
11N@5.27'
56 30 35 41 46 54 60 65 69 76 82 84 90 93 97 105 108 114
60 30 36 40 47 51 56 63 66 71 77 85 86 91 94 98 104 108
64 30 36 39 44 50 57 60 64 72 73 79 87 88 93 97 100 105
68 29 34 39 45 51 56 60 65 67 74 78 82 89 91 96 99 102
72 29 35 39 45 49 54 61 62 68 73 77 80 85 92 93 98 100
40 38 40 44 49 56 62 68 75 80 86 95 99 103 107 112 125 137
44 38 38 42 47 53 57 64 70 80 80 85 90 100 102 106 111 117
48 37 38 39 45 50 55 60 65 71 78 81 87 90 95 100 104 109
52 36 37 38 44 47 50 54 61 63 69 73 77 84 93 95 100 105
9N@6.67' 56 36 36 36 42 46 49 54 58 63 68 70 76 78 82 93 97 99
60 35 35 36 40 45 49 54 58 62 68 70 76 78 78 87 94 96
64 35 35 35 37 43 47 51 52 59 60 65 67 73 73 81 82 94
68 34 34 34 37 43 47 50 53 58 59 65 68 73 75 81 83 93
72 33 33 34 38 43 46 50 53 58 60 65 68 74 78 82 88 93
40 32 42 49 55 62 69 78 91 95 97 100 105 114 124 129 136
44 31 41 49 55 61 69 78 82 94 96 98 100 105 114 118 125 131
48 30 37 45 52 58 68 70 80 82 95 97 98 100 107 109 117 123
52 29 35 42 48 52 58 65 72 75 80 87 92 97 101 101 108 112
10N@6.0' 56 28 34 42 47 50 57 64 67 74 78 85 89 96 97 99 103 108
60 28 33 41 46 49 55 62 66 72 76 83 87 95 96 97 99 105
64 25 32 39 43 48 52 58 64 66 74 78 80 85 85 95 97 101
68 24 30 39 42 48 51 58 63 65 72 77 76 83 84 90 90 98
72 24 38 39 41 48 51 57 61 64 70 76 78 80 84 90 90 96
60'0"
40 33 42 51 58 65 73 77 89 95 103 108 121 125 136
44 33 40 46 53 60 67 74 79 87 95 103 108 115 125 137 139
48 30 36 44 48 55 62 69 76 81 88 94 102 110 113 126 128 138
52 30 35 42 48 55 59 65 71 78 82 90 95 103 106 111 122 129
11N@5.45' 56 29 34 40 46 51 57 65 66 73 79 85 92 95 102 106 112 117
60 28 33 39 45 51 55 60 66 71 76 82 86 93 96 103 105 109
64 28 33 39 45 47 55 60 64 69 76 78 84 89 94 98 102 108
68 28 33 37 42 48 55 56 62 67 71 78 79 87 91 97 101 107
72 28 32 38 42 49 51 58 61 65 72 73 81 82 89 94 100 101
40 39 47 53 64 73 81 95 98 104 110 120 135 138
44 38 47 53 64 70 81 93 94 99 102 109 116 126 137 140
48 37 43 51 58 66 74 82 94 96 100 102 110 114 126 138 140 144
52 32 39 46 52 57 64 71 79 84 90 101 104 109 115 121 131 141
12N@5.0' 56 31 38 44 52 57 62 68 75 83 86 100 102 105 107 114 117 128
60 31 38 44 52 57 62 68 75 83 86 99 101 102 106 108 113 120
64 30 35 40 47 54 58 65 70 77 78 85 91 95 99 106 110 115
68 30 35 41 48 53 57 64 68 73 80 87 89 93 98 102 108 111
72 30 37 41 48 53 58 62 66 73 79 84 91 92 96 99 104 109
91
JOIST GIRDERS
Span No. Of Depth 4K 5K 6K 7K 8K 9K 10K 11K 12K 13K 14K 15K 16K 17K 18K 19K 20K
Joist Spaces (in.)
48 41 52 62 71 80 92 101 112 127 138
52 39 48 58 66 77 82 92 103 109 120 131 142
56 38 46 56 64 71 79 89 95 106 112 121 134 144
60 37 44 52 61 69 76 86 94 102 108 114 123 136 146
14N@5.0’ 64 36 44 51 59 67 75 83 89 97 105 111 117 124 139 150
68 37 42 49 55 65 70 78 86 95 102 108 114 120 126 139 144 154
72 37 43 49 55 64 72 80 84 89 99 104 111 117 123 130 135 147
76 37 43 49 55 63 70 75 83 91 96 105 110 119 121 127 132 140
80 37 43 49 55 61 69 77 82 87 94 100 108 111 121 124 130 136
48 36 43 53 60 70 79 87 95 105 114 126 137 140 142
52 35 41 48 57 65 72 81 89 97 103 108 114 127 136
56 33 39 46 55 62 70 77 81 90 99 104 110 116 127 132 142
60 32 38 45 51 57 64 73 79 85 93 101 107 112 118 124 134 144
70’0” 12N@5.83’ 64 32 39 44 51 58 65 73 77 82 94 95 103 108 114 120 126 136
68 31 37 43 49 54 61 68 75 79 84 92 99 105 110 115 122 126
72 31 37 42 48 54 61 68 70 79 84 90 96 101 107 113 115 125
76 32 37 43 47 52 58 64 70 79 84 86 92 97 106 111 115 122
80 33 36 43 47 52 58 65 70 75 81 85 90 96 103 107 113 120
48 31 37 44 51 59 66 74 79 87 95 100 107 116 126 136 139 142
52 30 35 41 47 54 61 68 75 80 88 93 101 105 112 117 128 132
56 28 34 39 44 52 59 62 69 77 82 89 92 100 105 113 118 129
60 28 34 38 43 49 55 63 67 71 78 83 91 94 100 105 110 116
10N@7.0’ 64 28 33 38 43 46 54 57 64 70 73 80 85 91 95 101 107 110
68 29 33 36 41 46 51 56 62 66 72 75 82 88 94 97 98 108
72 29 32 37 41 46 49 56 60 65 68 76 80 85 90 96 98 100
76 30 32 35 41 44 49 54 59 62 69 73 79 84 85 92 99 100
80 30 32 36 40 44 49 52 56 63 70 73 79 81 86 87 95 100
52 43 54 65 76 88 97 107 118 129 140
56 41 50 62 70 81 91 101 109 116 132 143
60 40 50 57 68 79 85 96 107 113 119 135 145
64 39 47 58 66 74 82 95 99 110 115 122 137 146
15N@5.0’ 68 40 47 55 64 72 80 89 98 106 112 118 125 140 152
72 39 47 55 62 71 79 87 92 102 109 117 122 128 144 153
76 39 47 53 62 70 78 83 90 100 105 117 119 127 137 148 154
80 38 46 54 60 68 76 84 90 97 106 115 118 123 134 141 151 163
84 41 49 54 63 70 78 84 88 96 102 113 119 125 132 138 145 156
52 41 51 60 68 80 88 101 107 118 128 140
56 39 48 58 66 77 82 92 103 109 116 131 142
60 37 46 56 64 71 79 92 95 106 112 118 133 144
64 37 44 52 61 69 76 86 94 102 108 114 122 136 144
14N@5.36’ 68 37 44 52 59 67 75 83 89 99 105 111 117 123 138 147
72 37 43 50 59 65 73 78 86 98 101 108 113 120 126 142 152
76 36 43 49 56 64 72 78 85 93 101 104 112 117 125 129 145 156
80 36 43 49 56 63 71 78 83 90 96 105 107 116 122 129 133 149
84 38 44 50 57 62 69 78 85 88 94 107 110 116 123 129 135 136
75’0”
52 35 43 53 60 67 75 87 95 101 111 117 127 138
56 35 41 48 57 62 71 79 89 92 102 108 114 129 140
60 34 39 48 55 62 70 77 83 91 99 104 110 116 131 134
64 32 38 46 51 60 65 72 79 89 93 101 106 112 118 131 134 144
12N@6.25’ 68 32 38 44 51 58 65 71 77 82 93 97 102 108 114 120 126 136
72 32 38 43 49 58 61 69 76 81 85 96 99 105 111 117 123 129
76 33 38 43 48 55 61 69 74 79 85 90 99 101 109 114 120 126
80 33 37 43 49 53 61 65 72 79 81 88 95 101 107 113 119 123
84 34 39 45 49 55 60 66 74 77 83 89 91 100 105 108 119 120
52 32 37 45 51 60 67 72 79 87 90 100 106 111 126 127 137 138
56 30 36 42 47 54 61 69 76 76 88 91 102 102 112 117 128 129
60 29 34 40 46 52 60 65 69 77 84 89 92 103 105 113 114 129
64 29 34 38 44 49 56 63 67 71 78 85 91 96 104 105 110 116
10N@7.5’ 68 28 32 38 44 48 54 60 66 70 74 80 89 92 95 103 106 110
72 29 32 37 42 47 51 58 65 70 73 79 84 90 94 97 104 108
76 29 32 37 42 46 51 57 60 67 71 76 82 83 93 97 99 105
80 29 32 37 41 46 50 54 59 65 69 75 78 83 87 95 99 101
84 31 34 37 42 46 50 54 60 63 71 72 80 81 87 88 100 101
92
JOIST GIRDERS
Joist Spaces (in.)
60 46 54 65 76 88 92 103 113 129 139
64 43 53 62 70 78 90 103 107 115 131 141
68 42 53 63 70 78 91 96 105 111 120 132 143
16N@5.0’ 72 42 49 57 68 76 81 93 96 107 118 122 134 146
76 42 48 56 72 76 82 92 95 107 109 120 133 138 148
80 41 47 56 72 78 81 84 95 98 110 114 123 139 140 151
84 41 46 54 70 76 81 84 93 98 111 113 120 126 141 143 153
88 41 46 64 71 77 81 86 86 100 103 115 116 127 128 140 144 155
56 41 52 61 69 76 89 102 108 118 129 140
60 39 49 59 66 77 83 93 104 110 116 131 142
64 39 46 56 64 72 82 92 96 106 112 118 133 144
68 40 45 53 62 72 81 87 95 103 109 115 123 137 144
14N@5.71’ 72 40 44 53 60 68 76 84 96 99 108 111 122 127 139 150
76 41 44 51 59 69 76 79 88 99 102 110 116 126 132 142 153
80 41 44 51 57 65 72 80 88 93 101 104 116 118 129 134 146 157
84 44 47 52 59 66 74 80 84 91 101 107 114 120 126 132 138 149
88 45 47 51 58 66 73 78 85 93 99 107 111 122 123 130 136 142
80’0”
56 36 43 51 60 68 75 88 91 101 107 117 128 138 139
60 37 42 48 58 65 71 79 89 96 103 109 114 129 131
64 36 40 47 56 63 70 78 83 92 96 105 110 116 129 132
68 37 40 46 55 64 66 73 80 92 94 101 107 112 118 130 134 145
12N@6.67’ 72 38 40 45 52 58 66 73 79 84 94 97 105 110 115 121 134 137
76 39 41 43 49 58 67 69 76 83 88 96 99 108 111 117 123 129
80 39 40 44 50 55 61 69 77 79 85 97 99 104 113 114 120 126
84 42 43 45 50 56 61 68 72 79 84 88 97 102 105 111 117 123
88 42 44 46 49 55 60 66 74 78 83 86 91 101 105 107 116 119
56 34 37 45 51 60 64 72 77 87 90 100 105 111 121 127 137 138
60 35 38 43 50 54 61 68 76 79 88 91 102 104 112 117 128 129
64 35 38 41 47 53 61 65 70 77 84 90 93 103 105 114 115 130
68 36 36 39 44 53 56 63 67 71 78 87 91 94 104 108 115 116
10N@8.0’ 72 37 37 41 44 49 55 61 65 72 77 80 89 93 95 106 107 110
76 37 38 40 44 48 55 59 65 70 74 79 83 92 94 97 108 109
80 38 38 40 43 47 51 57 63 68 72 76 83 85 94 97 100 110
84 39 40 42 45 47 51 57 62 69 73 77 79 85 89 96 100 102
88 40 41 42 44 46 51 55 61 67 71 76 80 85 87 90 100 101
64 52 65 76 88 101 112 128 139
68 53 62 74 87 94 103 114 131 141
72 51 60 71 84 93 103 110 126 132
76 51 57 68 85 91 95 106 117 133 134
18N@5.0’ 80 50 56 68 78 91 96 105 110 120 135 146
84 51 57 66 75 88 95 98 110 121 132 141 151
88 51 55 64 72 82 94 100 111 113 124 140 142
92 52 55 61 71 79 92 101 105 114 122 130 143 146
96 53 56 61 71 80 93 102 104 113 117 128 139 146 156
64 52 61 69 78 89 102 112 123 129
68 49 58 66 77 88 93 103 114 130 141
72 49 54 66 75 87 93 104 105 116 132 142
76 49 55 64 72 86 92 97 105 116 128 134 145
16N@5.63’ 80 49 52 61 69 79 92 96 103 108 119 131 136 148
84 50 53 57 68 75 88 96 98 108 111 125 137 139 150
88 50 54 58 68 75 82 97 98 105 112 120 128 140 151
92 51 52 59 65 73 83 91 100 103 114 117 125 136 142 153
96 52 53 57 66 74 79 92 102 104 110 116 117 128 144 144 155
90’0”
64 47 53 62 70 78 90 98 104 115 130 141
68 48 50 56 71 79 91 94 105 111 117 132
72 49 50 58 65 73 81 93 97 107 113 119 135
76 50 51 57 65 72 82 88 96 103 110 119 125 138
14N@6.43’ 80 50 52 55 63 71 77 85 97 100 108 112 124 130 140
84 52 54 57 63 71 77 86 91 100 104 114 121 127 138 144
88 54 55 57 63 72 74 81 89 101 103 111 118 124 129 142 147
92 55 56 58 61 68 75 83 91 92 104 108 117 121 128 133 146 150
96 56 57 59 62 69 76 85 87 94 107 108 111 122 125 133 136 153
64 46 47 52 61 69 77 89 92 100 107 113 128 132
68 46 47 53 59 66 71 78 90 94 104 109 115 130 134
72 47 48 51 57 64 70 79 91 92 95 105 113 120 131 134
76 48 49 50 56 65 69 74 81 90 94 104 108 118 120 132 136
12N@7.5’ 80 49 50 51 53 60 67 75 82 85 95 98 107 111 118 122 137 138
84 50 52 53 55 59 66 73 77 84 93 98 101 109 113 121 127 139
88 52 53 54 55 60 64 71 78 84 87 96 100 105 112 115 124 130
92 52 54 55 56 59 65 72 76 81 86 92 99 104 112 115 118 129
96 54 55 56 57 60 64 70 75 82 89 91 103 104 106 118 119 120
93
JOIST GIRDERS
Joist Spaces (in.)
72 72 73 89 97 105 129 141
76 72 74 79 92 105 117 132 143
80 73 74 80 93 106 112 128 134
20N@5.0’ 84 74 75 81 94 97 108 119 135 147
88 74 76 78 84 96 109 115 123 139 151
92 75 77 79 85 97 100 112 124 138 153
96 76 78 80 86 98 103 112 124 139 151 158
72 71 72 77 89 102 108 124 131
76 71 72 78 90 93 105 116 132 142
80 72 73 75 82 92 105 111 127 133
18N@5.55’ 84 73 73 75 81 93 101 108 119 134 136
88 73 74 76 82 90 95 108 115 131 137 149
92 74 75 77 79 84 96 105 111 124 134 140
96 74 76 78 79 86 97 100 113 119 125 141 142
72 70 72 73 80 90 103 109 124 131
76 71 72 73 78 90 98 104 115 132 133
80 71 72 74 79 87 92 105 111 118 134 144
100’0” 16N@6.25’ 84 72 73 74 76 84 91 101 109 115 128 135 146
88 72 73 75 77 82 90 95 108 110 122 134 138
92 73 74 76 78 82 86 96 105 111 122 133 139 150
96 74 75 77 78 79 84 98 100 112 114 125 135 142 152
72 71 72 74 79 84 95 106 116 122 133
76 72 73 75 76 81 94 97 108 119 131 139
80 73 74 76 77 83 91 98 109 115 122 138
15N@6.67’ 84 75 76 78 79 81 86 98 101 113 124 130 141
88 76 78 79 81 82 87 99 103 114 116 127 142 144
92 77 78 80 81 83 89 90 103 107 117 123 130 141 147
96 78 80 82 83 84 88 92 104 106 119 121 132 133 149
72 69 70 71 72 73 78 85 93 100 104 115 126
76 70 71 72 73 74 79 79 89 94 103 106 117 129
80 70 71 73 73 74 76 80 87 93 101 107 118 119 134
12N@8.33’ 84 72 73 74 75 76 77 79 82 94 96 108 109 119 125 133
88 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 83 92 97 100 111 114 120 123 133
92 74 75 76 77 78 79 79 85 86 98 99 107 113 114 124 126 139
96 74 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 87 90 100 104 114 115 120 127 138
General Motors,
Moraine, OH
Loyola University Gymnasium, EMC Corporation, North American

Chicago, IL Manufacturing Facility, Franklin, MA
94
JOIST GIRDERS
DESIGN GUIDE WEIGHT TABLE FOR JOIST GIRDERS SUPPORTING WOOD NAILER JOISTS
Joist Spaces (in.)
18 17 17 18 19 20 21 23 24 26 27 30 34 34 36 37 39 42
20 18 18 18 18 19 20 21 23 24 26 27 29 31 34 34 37 37
24’0” 3N@8.0’
22 18 18 18 18 19 19 20 21 24 25 26 27 29 31 31 35 36
24 18 18 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 23 25 26 27 29 30 31 34
20 17 19 21 24 28 30 33 36 39 42 45 50 54 57 58 65 65
24 17 18 19 21 25 25 28 31 34 36 39 41 43 47 49 51 57
32’0” 4N@8.0’
28 17 18 18 19 21 24 25 28 28 31 35 37 38 40 43 43 48
32 18 18 18 19 20 21 24 25 27 29 31 32 36 37 39 40 42
28 18 20 23 26 30 34 39 41 45 47 51 54 60 60 68 68 73
32 18 19 21 24 28 29 33 36 39 42 45 47 52 54 57 61 62
40’0” 5N@8.0’
36 18 19 19 22 27 28 30 32 38 41 41 43 46 48 52 54 55
40 18 18 19 21 27 27 28 30 33 35 38 39 42 45 47 49 53
36 19 23 26 30 35 37 41 45 48 53 57 60 64 68 78 80 83
40 19 21 25 27 31 35 40 41 44 47 52 54 61 61 69 69 73
48’0” 6N@8.0’
44 18 20 22 25 28 32 40 40 42 44 48 49 55 58 62 63 70
48 19 20 22 25 28 31 34 37 39 41 44 49 49 54 56 60 64
44 21 26 29 33 38 41 45 50 54 61 61 68 73 76 77 91 93
48 20 24 27 31 36 38 42 46 51 55 62 62 69 70 75 78 92
56’0” 7N@8.0’
52 20 23 27 31 33 37 39 43 47 52 56 59 63 67 71 76 78
56 20 22 25 29 31 35 39 41 45 48 54 55 60 64 65 73 73
40 27 34 40 46 52 59 66 67 74 91 92 103 105 106 111 117 127
48 26 30 35 38 43 47 54 61 68 69 76 77 93 94 97 107 108
64’0” 8N@8.0’
56 26 27 31 36 39 44 49 53 56 63 64 71 82 83 85 94 96
64 25 27 29 32 38 41 44 47 52 58 59 66 67 75 75 84 87
48 31 36 41 46 53 60 67 78 90 92 94 105 106 117 122 128 129
56 30 33 37 43 48 54 61 68 71 79 81 93 96 107 108 109 119
72’0” 9N@8.0’
64 30 31 34 42 46 53 57 62 65 74 75 81 85 94 96 100 109
72 30 30 33 41 46 49 55 60 63 67 69 76 80 84 88 99 100
56 34 40 45 51 59 66 75 77 89 95 102 105 110 117 126 136 137
64 35 39 44 49 54 62 64 69 81 83 89 97 104 105 112 114 130
80’0” 10N@8.0’
72 35 37 43 48 52 58 59 65 74 80 81 88 98 99 106 112 118
80 35 37 42 45 51 57 58 63 67 71 77 87 91 93 101 103 110
Home Depot,
Bakersfield, CA
95
RECOMMENDED CODE OF STANDARD PRACTICE
FOR STEEL JOISTS AND JOIST GIRDERS
Adopted by the Steel Joist Institute April 7, 1931
SECTION 1. 1.6 PERFORMANCE TEST FOR K-SERIES

STEEL JOIST CONSTRUCTION
GENERAL When job tests on a structure are required, joists shall
have bridging and top deck applied as used. In addition
1.1 SCOPE to the full dead load, the test panel shall sustain for one
The practices and customs set forth herein are in accor- hour a test load of 1.65 times the design live load. After
dance with good engineering practice, tend to insure this test load has been removed for a minimum of
safety in steel joist and joist girder construction, and are 30 minutes, the remaining deflection shall not exceed
standard within the industry. There shall be no conflict 20% of the deflection caused by the test load. The weight
between this code and any legal building regulation. This of the test panel itself shall constitute the dead load of the
code shall only supplement and amplify such laws. construction and shall include the weight of the joists,
Unless specific provisions to the contrary are made in a bridging, top deck, slab, ceiling materials, etc. The
contract for the purchase of steel joists or Joist Girders, design live load shall be the live load specified and in no
this code is understood to govern the interpretation of case shall it be more than the published joist capacity
such a contract. less the dead load. The cost of such tests shall be borne
by the purchaser.
1.2 APPLICATION
This Code of Standard Practice is to govern as a SECTION 2.
standard unless otherwise covered in the architects’ and
engineers’ plans and specifications. JOISTS AND
1.3 DEFINITION ACCESSORIES
a) The term Seller as used herein is defined as a 2.1 STEEL JOISTS AND JOIST GIRDERS
company engaged in the manufacture and distribution Steel joists and joist girders shall carry the designations
of steel joists, joist girders and accessories. and meet the requirements of the applicable Steel Joist
b) The term Material as used herein is defined as steel Institute Specification and Table of latest adoption.
joists, joist girders and accessories. K-Series joists are furnished with parallel chords
c) Bay dimensions for the purpose of steel joist erection only, and with minimum standard end bearing depth of
are defined in Appendix "A": 2¹⁄₂ inches (64 mm).
1.4 DESIGN LH- and DLH-Series joists are furnished either under-
slung or square ended, with top chords either parallel,
In the absence of ordinances or specifications to the pitched one way or pitched two ways. Underslung types
contrary, all designs prepared by the specifying are furnished with standard end bearing depth of
professional shall be in accordance with the applicable 5 inches (127 mm) for LH-Series. DLH-Series are
Steel Joist Institute Specifications and Load Table of furnished with standard end bearing depths of 5 inches
latest adoption. (127 mm) for section numbers thru 17 and 7¹⁄₂ inches
(191 mm) for section numbers 18 and 19. The standard
1.5 RESPONSIBILITY FOR DESIGN AND
pitch is ¹⁄₈ inch in 12 inches (1:96). The nominal depth
ERECTION of a pitched longspan joist is taken at the center of
When material requirements are specified, the seller the span.
shall assume no responsibility other than to furnish the Joist girders are furnished either underslung or square
items listed in Section 5.2 (a). When material require- ended with top chords either parallel, pitched one way or
ments are not specified, the Seller shall furnish the items pitched two ways. Under-slung types are furnished with
listed in Section 5.2 (a) in accordance with applicable a standard end bearing depth of 7¹⁄₂ inches (191 mm).
Steel Joist Institute Specifications of latest adoption, and The standard pitch is ¹⁄₈ inch in 12 inches (1:96). The
this code. The Seller shall identify material by showing nominal depth of a pitched Joist Girder is taken at
size and type. In no case shall the Seller assume any the center of the span.
responsibility for the erection of the item furnished.
Because Longspan and Deep Long Span joists may
have exceptionally high end reactions, it is recommend-
ed that the supporting structure be designed to provide a
minimum unit bearing pressure of 750 pounds per
square inch (5171 kilo Pascal).
96
RECOMMENDED CODE OF STANDARD PRACTICE FOR STEEL JOISTS AND JOIST GIRDERS
2.2 SLOPED END BEARINGS is recommended for spans up to and including

Where steel joists or joist girders are sloped, beveled 60 feet (18288 mm) except where Code requirements
ends or sloped shoes may be provided where the slope for erection stability and/or the Steel Joist Institute
exceeds ¹⁄₄ inch in 12 inches (1:48). For Open Web steel Specifications require bolted diagonal bridging.
joists, K-Series, bearing ends will not be beveled for LH- and DLH-Series Joists exceeding 60 feet
slopes of ¹⁄₄ inch or less in 12 inches (1:48). (18288 mm) in length shall have bolted diagonal
bridging for all rows.
2.3 EXTENDED ENDS Refer to Section #6 in the K-Series Specifications
Steel joist extended ends shall be in accordance with and Section #105 in the LH/DLH- Specifications for
Manufacturer’s Standard and shall meet the require- Erection Stability requirements.
ments of the Steel Joist Institute specification of latest The /r ratio for horizontal bridging shall not exceed
adoption. 300. The material sizes shown in TABLES 2.5.1(a)
and 2.5.1(b) meet the criteria.
2.4 CEILING EXTENSIONS
Horizontal bridging shall consist of two continuous
Ceiling extensions shall be furnished to support ceilings steel members, one of which is attached to the top
which are to be attached to the bottom of the joists. They chord and the other attached to the bottom chord.
are not furnished for the support of suspended ceilings.
The ceiling extension shall be either an extended bottom (c) Diagonal cross bridging consisting of angles or other
chord element or a loose unit, whichever is standard with shapes connected to the top and bottom chords, of
the manufacturer, and shall be of sufficient strength to K-, LH-, and DLH-Series Joists shall be used when
properly support the ceiling. required by the applicable Steel Joist Institute
standards and specifications of latest adoption.
2.5 BRIDGING AND BRIDGING ANCHORS* Diagonal bridging, when used, shall have an /r ratio
(a) Bridging standard with the manufacturer and com- not exceeding 200.
plying with the applicable Steel Joist Institute speci- When the bridging members are connected at their
fication of latest adoption shall be used for bridging point of intersection, the material sizes in Table 2.5.2
all joists furnished by the manufacturer. Positive will meet the above specification.
anchorage shall be provided at the ends of each * Refer to Appendix “B” for OHSA steel joist erection
bridging row at both top and bottom chords. stability requirements.
(b) For the K- and LH-Series Joists horizontal bridging
TABLE 2.5.1a
K- SERIES JOIST
**BRIDGING MATERIAL SIZE
Round Rod Equal Leg Angles
SECTION 1/2” round 1 x 7/64 1-1/4 x 7/64 1-1/2 x 7/64 1-3/4 x 7/64 2 x 1/8 2-1/2 x 5/32
NUMBER* (13mm) (25mm x 3mm) (32mm x 3mm) (38mm x 3mm) (45mm x 3mm) (51mm x 3mm) (64mm x 4mm)
r = .13” r = .20” r = .25” r = .30” r = .35” r = .40” r = .50”
3’- 3” 5’- 0” 6’- 3” 7’- 6” 8’- 7” 10’- 0” 12’- 6”

1 thru 9
(991mm) (1524mm) (1905mm) (2286mm) (2616mm) (3048mm) (3810mm)
3’- 0” 4’- 8” 6’- 3” 7’- 6” 8’- 7” 10’- 0” 12’- 6”
10
(914 mm) (1422mm) (1905mm) (2286mm) (2616mm) (3048mm) (3810mm)
2’- 7” 4’- 0” 5’- 8” 7’- 6” 8’- 7” 10’- 0” 12’- 6”
11 and 12
(787mm) (1219mm) (1727mm) (2286mm) (2616mm) (3048mm) (3810mm)
* Refer to last digit(s) of Joist Designation

** Connection to Joist must resist 700 pounds (3114 N)
97
TABLE 2.5.1b
LH SERIES JOISTS

SPANS OVER 60' REQUIRE BOLTED DIAGONAL BRIDGING
**BRIDGING ANGLE SIZE – (EQUAL LEG ANGLE)

1 x 7/64 1-1/4 x 7/64 1-1/2 x 7/64 1-3/4 x 7/64 2 x 1/8 2-1/2 x 5/32
Section (25mm x 3mm) (32mm x 3mm) (38mm x 3mm) (45mm x 3mm) (51mm x 3mm) (64mm x 4mm)
Number* r = .20" r = .25" r = .30" r = .35" r = .40" r = .50"
4' – 7" 6' – 3" 7' – 6" 8' – 9" 10' – 0" 12' – 4"
02, 03, 04
(1397mm) (1905mm) (2286mm) (2667mm) (3048mm) (3759mm)
4' – 1" 5' – 9" 7' – 6" 8' – 9" 10' – 0" 12' – 4"
05 – 06
(1245mm) (1753mm) (2286mm) (2667mm) (3048mm) (3759mm)
3' – 9" 5' – 1" 6' – 8" 8' – 6" 10' – 0" 12' – 4"
07 – 08
(1143mm) (1549mm) (2032mm) (2590mm) (3048mm) (3759mm)
4' – 6" 6' – 0" 7' – 8" 10' – 0" 12' – 4"
09 – 10
(1372mm) (1829mm) (2337mm) (3048mm) (3759mm)
4' – 1" 5' – 5" 6' – 10" 8' – 11" 12' – 4"
11 – 12
(1245mm) (1651mm) (2083mm) (2118mm) (3759mm)
3' – 9" 4' – 11" 6' – 3" 8' – 2" 12' – 4"
13 – 14
(1143mm) (1499mm) (1905mm) (2489mm) (3759mm)
4' – 3" 5' – 5" 7' – 1" 11' – 0"
15 – 16
(1295mm) (1651mm) (2159mm) (3353mm)
4' – 0" 5' – 1" 6' – 8" 10' – 5"
17
(1219mm) (1549mm) (2032mm) (3175mm)
* Refer to last two digits of Joist Designation

** Connection to Joist must resist force listed in Table 104.5.1
TABLE 2.5.2
K, LH & DLH SERIES JOISTS
MAXIMUM JOIST SPACING FOR DIAGONAL BRIDGING
BRIDGING ANGLE SIZE – (EQUAL LEG ANGLE)

1 x 7/64 1-1/4 x 7/64 1-1/2 x 7/64 1-3/4 x 7/64 2 x 1/8
JOIST (25mm x 3mm) (32mm x 3mm) (38mm x 3mm) (45mm x 3mm) (45mm x 3mm)
DEPTH r = .20" r = .25" r = .30" r = .35” r = .40"
12 6' – 6" (1981mm) 8' – 3" (2514mm) 9' – 11" (3022mm) 11' – 7" (3530mm)
14 6' – 6" (1981mm) 8' – 3" (2514mm) 9' – 11" (3022mm) 11' – 7" (3530mm)
16 6' – 6" (1981mm) 8' – 2" (2489mm) 9' – 10" (2997mm) 11' – 6" (3505mm)
18 6' – 6" (1981mm) 8' – 2" (2489mm) 9' – 10" (2997mm) 11' – 6" (3505mm)
20 6' – 5" (1955mm) 8' – 2" (2489mm) 9' – 10" (2997mm) 11 ' – 6" (3505mm)
22 6' – 4" (1930mm) 8' – 1" (2463mm) 9' – 10" (2997mm) 11' – 6" (3505mm)
24 6' – 4" (1930mm) 8' – 1" (2463mm) 9' – 9" (2971mm) 11' – 5" (3479mm)
26 6' – 3" (1905mm) 8' – 0" (2438mm) 9' – 9" (2971mm) 11' – 5" (3479mm)
28 6' – 2" (1879mm) 8' – 0" (2438mm) 9' – 8" (2946mm) 11' – 5" (3479mm)
30 6' – 2" (1879mm) 7' – 11" (2413mm) 9' – 8" (2946mm) 11' – 4" (3454mm)
32 6' – 1" (1854mm) 7' – 10" (2387mm) 9' – 7" (2921mm) 11' – 4" (3454mm) 13' – 0" (3962mm)
36 7' – 9" (2362mm) 9' – 6" (2895mm) 11' – 3" (3429mm) 12' – 11" (3973mm)
40 7' – 7" (2311mm) 9' – 5" (2870mm) 11' – 2" (3403mm) 12' – 10" (3911mm)
44 7' – 5" (2260mm) 9' – 3" (2819mm) 11' – 0" (3352mm) 12' – 9" (3886mm)
48 7' – 3" (2209mm) 9' – 2" (2794mm) 10' – 11" (3327mm) 12' – 8" (3860mm)
52 9' – 0" (2743mm) 10' – 9" (3276mm) 12' – 7" (3835mm)
56 8' – 10" (2692mm) 10' – 8" (3251mm) 12' – 5" (3784mm)
60 8' – 7" (2616mm) 10' – 6" (3200mm) 12' – 4" (3759mm)
64 8' – 5" (2565mm) 10' – 4" (3149mm) 12' – 2" (3708mm)
68 8' – 2" (2489mm) 10' – 2" (3098mm) 12' – 0" (3657mm)
72 8' – 0" (2438mm) 10' – 0" (3048mm) 11' – 10" (3606mm)
MINUMUM A307 BOLT REQUIRED FOR CONNECTION

SERIES *SECTION NUMBER A307 BOLT DIAMETER
K ALL 3/8" (5mm)
LH/DLH 2 — 12 3/8" (5mm)
LH/DLH 13 – 17 1/2" (12mm)
DLH 18 & 19 5/8" (15mm)
*Refer to last digits of joist designation.
98
2.6 HEADERS The joist manufacturer shall not be responsible for the
Headers for Open Web Steel Joists, K-Series as outlined condition of the paint if it is not properly protected after
and defined in Section 5.2 (a) shall be furnished by the delivery.
Seller. Such headers shall be any type standard with
the manufacturer. Conditions involving headers shall be SECTION 4.
investigated and, if necessary, provisions made to
provide a safe condition. Headers are not provided for INSPECTION
Longspan steel joists, LH-Series, and Deep Longspan
steel joists, DLH-Series. All joist and joist girder inspections shall be made in
accordance with the provision for inspection in the appli-
2.7 BOTTOM CHORD LATERAL BRACING FOR cable Steel Joist Institute specification of latest adoption.
JOIST GIRDERS
Bottom chord lateral bracing shall be furnished when l/ry SECTION 5.
of the bottom chord exceeds 240. The lateral bracing
shall be that which is standard with the manufacturer, ESTIMATING
and shall be of sufficient strength to properly resist
any lateral force exerted by the bottom chord of the joist 5.1 PLANS FOR BIDDING
girder.
Plans to serve as the basis for bids shall show the char-
acter of the work with sufficient clarity to permit making
SECTION 3. an accurate estimate and shall show the following:
MATERIALS Designation and location of materials (See Section
5.2 [a] )
3.1 STEEL Locations and elevations of all steel and concrete
supporting members and bearing walls.
The steel used in the manufacture of joists and joist
girders shall comply with the applicable Steel Joist Location and length of joist extended ends.
Institute specification of latest adoption. Location and size of all openings in floors and roofs.
Location of all partitions.
3.2 PAINT
Location and magnitude of concentrated loads as
(a) Standard Shop Paint – The shop coat of paint, when defined in Section 5.5.
specified, shall comply with the applicable Steel
Joist Institute specification of latest adoption. Construction and thickness of floor slabs, roof deck,
ceilings and partitions.
(b) Disclaimer – The typical shop applied paint that is
used to coat steel joists and joist girders is a dip- Joists or joist girders requiring extended bottom
applied, air-dried paint. The paint is intended to be chords.
an impermanent and provisional coating which will Paint, if other than manufacturer’s standard.
protect the steel for only a short period of exposure
in ordinary atmospheric conditions. 5.2 SCOPE OF ESTIMATE
Since most steel joists and joist girders are painted (a) Unless otherwise specified, the following items shall
using a standard dip coating, the coating may not be be included in the estimate, and requirements
uniform and may include drips, runs, and sags. shall be determined as outlined in Section 5.3
Compatibility of any coating including fire protective through 5.5.
coatings applied over a standard shop paint shall Steel Joists
be the responsibility of the specifier and or painting Joist Girders
contractor.
Joist Extended Ends
The shop applied paint may require field
touch-up/repair as a result of, but not limited to, the Ceiling Extensions.
following: Extended bottom chord used as strut.
1. Abrasions from: Bundling, banding, loading and Bridging and bridging anchors.
unloading, chains, dunnage during shipping, Joist Girder bottom chord bracing.
cables and chains during erection, bridging,
Headers which are defined as members supported
installation, and other handling at the jobsite
by and carrying Open Web steel joists, K-Series.
NOTE: Rusting should be expected at any abrasion.
One shop coat of paint, when specified, shall be in
2. Dirt accordance with Section 3.2.
3. Diesel smoke (b) The following items shall not be included in the
4. Road salt estimate but may be quoted and identified as sepa-
5. Weather conditions during storage rate items:
99
Headers for Longspan Steel Joists, LH-Series. valid for use in selecting joist girder sizes for gravity
Headers for Deep Longspan Steel Joists, conditions that can be expressed in kips (Kilo Newton)
DLH-Series. per panel point on the Joist Girder. When joist girders
are required to support unequal panel point loads or
Reinforcement in slabs over joists. other special loads, a joist girder load diagram shall
Centering material and attachments. be provided by the specifying professional on
Miscellaneous framing between joists for openings the structural drawings with these point loads
at ducts, dumbwaiters, ventilators, skylights, etc. clearly shown.
Loose individual or continuous bearing plates and Loads such as Bulb “T”s, purlins, partitions, heavy pipes,
bolts or anchors for such plates. monorail or tramrail type carrier, etc., running normal to
Erection bolts for joist and joist girder end anchorage. the length of the joist, or a mechanical unit mounted on
the joist, are concentrated loads. Where concentrated
Horizontal bracing in the plane of the top and bottom loads occur, the joist must be selected to carry the full
chords from joist to joist or joist to structural framing combination of uniform load plus concentrated load. The
and walls. magnitude and location of these concentrated loads shall
Wood nailers. be shown on the structural drawings when, in the opin-
Moment plates. ion of the specifying professional, they may require
special consideration by the manufacturer. Such joists
5.3 JOIST LOCATION AND SPACING shall be labeled “Special” on the structural drawings.
The maximum joist spacing shall be in accordance with When steel joists are subjected to concentrated and/or
the requirements of the applicable SJI specification and varying loads, the specifying professional shall use the
load table of latest adoption. following procedure which will allow the:
Where sidewalls, wall beams or tie beams are capable of 1. Estimator to price the joists.
supporting the floor slab or roof deck, the first adjacent 2. Joist manufacturer to design the joists properly.
joists may be placed one full space from these members. 3. Owner to obtain the most economical joists.
Longspan steel joists and Deep Longspan steel joists are
provided with camber. These joists may have a A. Sketch the joist(s) on the structural drawings show-
significant difference in elevation with respect to the ing all loads to be supported.
adjacent structure because of this camber. This differ- B. Determine the maximum moment in the joist and
ence in elevation should be given consideration when derive the uniform load that will produce that
locating the first joist adjacent to a sidewall, wall beam or moment.
tie beam. Therefore, it is recommended that this joist be C. Determine the maximum end reaction and derive the
located one full space away from these members. uniform load that will produce that reaction.
Open Web steel joists, K-Series, should be no closer D. Using the largest of the 2 uniform loads in B and C
than 6 inches (152 mm) to these supporting walls or select a joist from the load table and add an “SP”
members. Where partitions occur parallel to joists, there after the joist designation.
shall be at least one typical joist provided under each
such partition, and more than one such joist shall be E. Place the designation under the sketch with the
provided if necessary to safely support the weight of such following note:
partition and the adjacent floor, less the live load, on a “Joist supplier to design joist to support loads as
strip of floor one foot (305 mm) in width. Where such shown above.”
partitions extend less than one-third (¹⁄₃) of the span from
the support, special spacing or additional joists shall not
be required provided the loads do not exceed those in
Section 5.5. When partitions occur normal to the joists,
they shall be treated as concentrated loads, and joists
shall be investigated as indicated in Section 5.5.
5.4 ACCESSORIES
Joist accessories standard with the manufacturer shall
comply with applicable Steel Joist Institute specifications
of latest adoption and shall be in accordance with
Section 2 of this Code.
5.5 LOADS
The Steel Joist Institute Load Tables are based on
uniform loading conditions and are valid for use in select-
ing joist sizes for gravity loads that can be expressed in
terms of “Pounds per lineal foot” (Newtons per Meter) of
joist. The Steel Joist Institute Weight Tables are based on
uniformly spaced panel point loading conditions and are
100
ESTIMATING JOIST SIZE FOR SPECIAL LOADINGS The specifying professional shall compare the equivalent
EXAMPLE: U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS uniform loads We1 & We2 to the uniform loads tabulated
8'-0"
in the K-Series Load Table. Loads in excess of the load
table loads indicate that the specifying professional shall
500# 300# consider using additional joists to reduce the loading or
160 plf
6'-0" 3'-0" use the LH-Series Joist and make provisions for 5 deep
bearing seats.
LIVE LOAD = 180#/ft
DEAD LOAD = 90#/ft
18"
7'-0"
30'-0"
800#
RL RR
18K9 SP
Joist Supplier to design joist to support loads as shown

above.
160
Total Load = (8) + (180 + 90) 30 + 500 + 800
2
+ 300 = 10,300 lbs.
8
160 (8 ) 30 3 + (180 + 90 )(30 ) + 500
9
RL = 30
2 30 2
7 3
+ 800 + 300 =
30 30
RL = 5000 lbs.
RR = 5340 lbs.
We1 (L ) 2 (5340 )
Assume RR = , W e1 = = 356 lbs/ft
2 30
Point of Max. Mom. = Point of Zero Shear(V) = L1

(dist. from rt. end of Jst)
V = Zero = 5340 - (300 + 500 + 800) - (180 + 90)(L1)
L1 = 13.85 ft.
M @ L1 = 5340(13.85) - 300(10.85) -
800(6.86) - 500(4.85) -
(180 + 90)(13.85) 2
2
M = 36,903 ft. lbs.
We2 (L ) 8 (36,903 )
2
Assume M = , We2 = = 328 lbs./ft.

8 (30)2
Using W e1 = 356 LB/ft. @ SPAN = 30',
and D = 18"
Using We1 = 356 LB/ft. @ SPAN = 30',
and D = 18"
Select 18K9 for total load (402) and live load (229) and
call it: 18K9SP
101
Due consideration by the specifying professional shall be notice from the Buyer to the contrary. When plans are
given to live loads due to: furnished by the Buyer which do not agree with the
1. Ponded rain water. Architect’s bid plans, such detailed plans shall be consid-
ered as a written notice of change of plans. However, it
2. Excessive accumulation of snow in the vicinity shall be the Buyer’s responsibility to advise the Seller of
of obstructions such as penthouses, signs, those changes which affect the joists or joist girders.
parapets, adjacent buildings, etc.
3. Wind uplift. 6.4 APPROVAL
4. End moments at the joist end supports due to When joist placement plans are furnished by the Seller,
live and/or wind/seismic loads shall be shown prints thereof are submitted to the Buyer and owner for
on the structural drawings by the specifying examination and approval. The Seller allows a maximum
professional. of fourteen (14) calendar days in his schedule for the
For moment resisting joists framing near the end return of placement plans noted with the owner’s and
of a column, due consideration shall be given to customer’s approval, or approval subject to corrections as
extend the column length to allow a plate type noted. The Seller makes the corrections, furnishes
connection between the top of the joist top chord corrected prints for field use to the owner/customer and is
and the column. Preferably, avoid resolving joist released by the owner/customer to start joist manufacture.
end moment forces through the joist bearing Approval by the owner/customer of the placement plans,
seat connection. sections, notes and joist schedule prepared by the Seller
The structural drawings shall specify that all indicates that the Seller has correctly interpreted the con-
moment resisting joists shall have all dead loads tract requirements, and is released by the owner/cus-
applied to the joist before the bottom chord tomer to start joist manufacture. This approval constitutes
struts are welded to the column. the owner’s/customer’s acceptance of all responsibility
for the design adequacy of any detail configuration of joist
The top and bottom chord moment connection support conditions shown by the Seller as part of his
details shall be designed by the specifying preparation of these placement plans.
professional. The joist designer shall furnish
the specifying professional with the joist detail Approval does not relieve the Seller of the responsibility
information if requested. for accuracy of detail dimensions on the plans, nor the
general fit-up of joists to be placed in the field.
The design loads, as determined by the
specifying professional, shall not be less than 6.5 CHANGES
that specified in the applicable building codes.
When any changes in plans are made by the buyer (or
Architect) either prior to or after approval of detailed
SECTION 6. plans, or when any Material is required and was not
PLANS AND shown on plans used as the basis of the bid, the cost of
such changes and/or extra Material shall be paid by
SPECIFICATIONS the Buyer at a price to be agreed upon between Buyer
and Seller.
6.1 PLANS FURNISHED BY BUYER
The Buyer shall furnish the Seller plans and specifica- SECTION 7.*
tions showing all Material requirements, the layout of
walls, columns, beams, girders and other supports, as
HANDLING AND
well as floor and roof openings and partitions correctly ERECTION
dimensioned. The live loads to be used, the wind uplift if
any, the weights of partitions and the location and amount The Buyer and/or Erector shall check all materials on
of any special loads, such as monorails, fans, blowers, arrival at job site and promptly report to Seller any
tanks, etc., shall be indicated. The elevation of finished discrepancies and/or damages. The Buyer and/or
floors and roofs and bearings shall be shown. Erector shall comply with the requirements of the
applicable Steel Joist Institute specification of latest
6.2 PLANS FURNISHED BY SELLER adoption in the handling and erection of Material.
The Seller shall furnish the Buyer with detailed plans and The Seller shall not be responsible for the condition of
lists showing the number, type, locations, spacing, paint finish on Material if it is not properly protected after
anchorage and mark of all Material as may be required delivery.
for proper installation. All Material shall be identified with The Seller shall not be responsible for improper fit of
its mark which also appears on the bill of material. The Material in the case in inaccurate finish dimensions
type of shop paint, when required, shall be indicated on of field construction work.
the drawings. * For thorough coverage of this topic, refer to SJI Technical
Digest #9, “Handling and Erection of Steel Joists and
6.3 DISCREPANCIES
Joist Girders”.
The specifying professional’s bid plans and specifications
will be assumed to be correct in the absence of written
102
SECTION 8.
BUSINESS RELATIONS
8.1 PRESENTATION OF PROPOSALS
All proposals for furnishing Material shall be made on a
Sales Contract Form. After acceptance by the Buyer,
these proposals must be approved or executed by a
qualified official of the Seller. Upon such approval the
proposal becomes a contract.
8.2 ACCEPTANCE OF PROPOSALS
All proposals are intended for prompt acceptance and
are subject to change without notice.
8.3 BILLING
Contracts on a lump sum basis are to be billed propor-
tionately as shipments are made.
8.4 PAYMENT
Payments shall be made in full on each invoice without
retention.
8.5 ARBITRATION
All business controversies which cannot be settled by
direct negotiations between Buyer and Seller shall
be submitted to arbitration. Both parties shall sign a
submission to arbitration and if possible agree upon an
arbitrator. If they are unable to agree, each shall appoint
an arbitrator and these two shall appoint a third arbitrator.
The expenses of the arbitration shall be divided equally
between the parties, unless otherwise provided for in the
agreements to submit to arbitration. The arbitrators shall
pass finally upon all questions, both of law and fact, and
their findings shall be conclusive.
103
REFERENCED SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS
The following documents are referenced in these Specifications and Code
ASTM A6/A6M -00a

ASTM A36/A36M -00a
ASTM A242/242M -00a
ASTM A370 -97a
ASTM A529/A529M -00
ASTM A572/A572M -00
ASTM A588/A588M -00
ASTM A606 -98
ASTM A1008/A1008M -01
ASTM A1011/A1011M -00
AWS A5.1 -91
AWS A5.5 -96
AWS A5.17 -97
AWS A5.18 -93
AWS A5.20 -95
American Institute of Steel Construction Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (Allowable Stress Design and Plastic
Design) – June 1, 1989, Ninth Edition.
American Iron and Steel Institute Specification for Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members – 1996,
Supplement #1, Approved July 30, 1999 – Printed June 2000
29 CFR Part 1926 Safety Standards for Steel Erection, – §1926.757 Open Web Steel Joists - January 18, 2001
SJI Technical Digest #3 – Structural Design of Steel Joist Roofs to Resist Ponding Loads – May 1971.
SJI Technical Digest #5 – Vibration of Steel Joist-Concrete Slab Floors, Revised March 1988.
SJI Technical Digest #6 – Structural Design of Steel Joist Roofs to Resist Uplift Loads, July 1998.
SJI Technical Digest #8 – Welding of Open Web Steel Joists, August 1983.
SJI Technical Digest #9 – Handling and Erection of Steel Joists and Joist Girders, July 1987.
SJI Technical Digest #11 – Design of Joist-Girder Frames, July 1999
Steel Structures Painting Council – SSPC Paint Specification No. 15, May 1, 1999
104
APPENDIX
STEEL JOIST INSTITUTE
BAY LENGTH DEFINITIONS
BAY LENGTH BAY LENGTH
JOIST GIRDERS STEEL BEAM
STEEL CHANNEL STEEL COLUMN
STEEL COLUMN STEEL TUBE
105
APPENDIX
STEEL JOIST INSTITUTE
BAY LENGTH DEFINITIONS
STEEL TUBE MASONRY OR TILT-UP
MASONRY OR TILT-UP MASONRY WITH PILASTER
MASONRY OR TILT-UP MASONRY OR TILT-UP
BAY LENGTH
MASONRY WITH FACE BRICK
106
APPENDIX
OSHA STEEL ERECTION STANDARD
PART §1926.757 – OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS
§ 1926.751 Definitions. girders, purlins, columns, beams, trusses, splices, seats,
Anchored bridging means that the steel joist bridging is metal decking, girts, and all bridging, and cold formed
connected to a bridging terminus point. metal framing which is integrated with the structural steel
framing of a building.
Bolted diagonal bridging means diagonal bridging that is
bolted to a steel joist or joists. § 1926.757 Open web steel joists.
Bridging clip means a device that is attached to the steel (a) General.
joist to allow the bolting of the bridging to the steel joist. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section,
Bridging terminus point means a wall, a beam, tandem where steel joists are used and columns are not framed
joists (with all bridging installed and a horizontal truss in in at least two directions with solid web structural steel
the plane of the top chord) or other element at an end or members, a steel joist shall be field-bolted at the column
intermediate point(s) of a line of bridging that provides an to provide lateral stability to the column during erection.
anchor point for the steel joist bridging. For the installation of this joist:
Column means a load-carrying vertical member that is (i) A vertical stabilizer plate shall be provided on
part of the primary skeletal framing system. Columns do each column for steel joists. The plate shall be a
not include posts. minimum of 6 inch by 6 inch (152 mm by 152 mm)
and shall extend at least 3 inches (76 mm) below
Constructibility means the ability to erect structural steel the bottom chord of the joist with a 13 /16 inch
members in accordance with subpart R without having to (21 mm) hole to provide an attachment point for
alter the over-all structural design. guying or plumbing cables.
Construction load (for joist erection) means any load (ii) The bottom chords of steel joists at columns shall
other than the weight of the employee(s), the joists and be stabilized to prevent rotation during erection.
the bridging bundle.
(iii) Hoisting cables shall not be released until the
Erection bridging means the bolted diagonal bridging that seat at each end of the steel joist is field-bolted,
is required to be installed prior to releasing the hoisting and each end of the bottom chord is restrained
cables from the steel joists. by the column stabilizer plate.
Personal fall arrest system means a system used to (2) Where constructibility does not allow a steel joist to be
arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. A installed at the column:
personal fall arrest system consists of an anchorage,
connectors, a body harness and may include a lanyard, (i) an alternate means of stabilizing joists shall be
deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combination of installed on both sides near the column and shall:
these. The use of a body belt for fall arrest is prohibited. (A) provide stability equivalent to paragraph
Project structural engineer means the registered, (a)(1) of this section;
licensed professional responsible for the design of (B) be designed by a qualified person;
structural steel framing and whose seal appears on the (C) be shop installed; and
structural contract documents.
(D) be included in the erection drawings.
Qualified person (also defined in § 1926.32) means one
who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, (ii) hoisting cables shall not be released until the seat
or professional standing, or who by extensive knowl- at each end of the steel joist is field-bolted and
edge, training, and experience, has successfully demon- the joist is stabilized.
strated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to (3) Where steel joists at or near columns span 60 feet
the subject matter, the work, or the project. (18.3 m) or less, the joist shall be designed with sufficient
Steel joist means an open web, secondary load-carrying strength to allow one employee to release the hoisting
member of 144 feet (43.9 m) or less, designed by the cable without the need for erection bridging.
manufacturer, used for the support of floors and roofs. (4) Where steel joists at or near columns span more than
This does not include structural steel trusses or 60 feet (18.3 m), the joists shall be set in tandem with all
cold-formed joists. bridging installed unless an alternative method of
Steel joist girder means an open web, primary load- erection, which provides equivalent stability to the steel
carrying member, designed by the manufacturer, used joist, is designed by a qualified person and is included
for the support of floors and roofs. This does not include in the site-specific erection plan.
structural steel trusses. (5) A steel joist or steel joist girder shall not be placed on
Structural steel means a steel member, or a member any support structure unless such structure is stabilized.
made of a substitute material (such as, but not limited to,
fiberglass, aluminum or composite members). These
members include, but are not limited to, steel joists, joist
107
OSHA STEEL ERECTION STANDARD – OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS
(6) When steel joist(s) are landed on a structure, they

shall be secured to prevent unintentional displacement NOTE: TABLES “A” & “B” HAVE BEEN
prior to installation. EDITED TO CONFORM WITH STEEL
JOIST INSTITUTE BOLTED DIAGO-
(7) No modification that affects the strength of a steel joist
NAL BRIDGING REQUIREMENTS.
or steel joist girder shall be made without the approval of
the project structural engineer of record.
EDITED ITEMS ARE SHOWN WITH
A STRIKE THROUGH NOTATION.
(8) Field-bolted joists.
(i) Except for steel joists that have been pre-assem- TABLE A.—ERECTION BRIDGING FOR SHORT
bled into panels, connections of individual steel SPAN JOISTS1
joists to steel structures in bays of 40 feet (12.2 m)
or more shall be fabricated to allow for field Joist Span
bolting during erection. 8K1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
(ii) These connections shall be field-bolted unless 10K1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
constructibility does not allow. 12K1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23–0
12K3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
(9) Steel joists and steel joist girders shall not be used as 12K5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
anchorage points for a fall arrest system unless written 14K1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27–0
approval to do so is obtained from a qualified person. 14K3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
(10) A bridging terminus point shall be established before 14K4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
bridging is installed. (See Appendix C to this subpart.) 14K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
(b) Attachment of steel joists and steel joist girders. 16K2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29–0
16K3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30–0
(1) Each end of ‘‘K’’ series steel joists shall be attached to 16K4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32–0
the support structure with a minimum of two ¹⁄₈ -inch 16K5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32–0
(3 mm) fillet welds 1 inch (25 mm) long or with two 16K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
¹⁄₂ -inch (13 mm) bolts, or the equivalent. (2) Each end of 16K7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
‘‘LH’’ and ‘‘DLH’’ series steel joists and steel joist girders 16K9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
shall be attached to the support structure with a minimum 18K3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31–0
of two ¹⁄₄ -inch (6 mm) fillet welds 2 inches (51 mm) long, 18K4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32–0
or with two ³⁄₄ -inch (19 mm) bolts, or the equivalent. 18K5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33–0
(3) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, 18K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35–0
each steel joist shall be attached to the support structure, 18K7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
at least at one end on both sides of the seat, immediate- 18K9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
ly upon placement in the final erection position and 18K10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
before additional joists are placed. 20K3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32–0
20K4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34–0
(4) Panels that have been pre-assembled from steel
20K5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34–0
joists with bridging shall be attached to the structure at
20K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36–0
each corner before the hoisting cables are released. 20K7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39–0
(c) Erection of steel joists. 20K9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39–0
(1) Both sides of the seat of one end of each steel joist 20K10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
that requires bridging under Tables A and B shall be 22K4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34–0
attached to the support structure before hoisting cables 22K5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35–0
are released. 22K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36–0
22K7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40–0
(2) For joists over 60 feet, both ends of the joist shall be
22K9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40–0
attached as specified in paragraph (b) of this section and 22K10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
the provisions of paragraph (d) of this section met before 22K11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
the hoisting cables are released. 24K4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36–0
(3) On steel joists that do not require erection bridging 24K5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38–0
under Tables A and B, only one employee shall 24K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39–0
be allowed on the joist until all bridging is installed 24K7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43–0
and anchored. 24K8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43–0
24K9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44–0
24K10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
24K12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
1
NOTE: Corrections were made to the OSHA published tables according to a letter by Russell B.
Swanson of OSHA dated December 19, 2002.
108
TABLE A.—ERECTION BRIDGING FOR SHORT TABLE B.—ERECTION BRIDGING FOR LONG
SPAN JOISTS (continued) SPAN JOISTS
26K5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38–0 Joist Span
26K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39–0 18LH02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33–0
26K7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43–0 18LH03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM.
26K8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44–0 18LH04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM.
26K9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44–0 18LH05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM.
26K10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49–0 18LH06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM.
26K12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 18LH07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM.
28K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40–0 18LH08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM.
28K7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43–0 18LH09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM.
28K8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44–0 20LH02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33–0
28K9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45–0 20LH03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38–0
28K10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49–0 20LH04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM.
28K12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53–0 20LH05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM.
30K7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44–0 20LH06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM.
30K8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45–0 20LH07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM.
30K9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45–0 20LH08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM.
30K10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50–0 20LH09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM.
30K11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52–0 20LH10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM.
30K12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54–0 24LH03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35–0
10KCS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 24LH04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39–0
10KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 24LH05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40–0
10KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 24LH06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45–0
12KCS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 24LH07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM.
12KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 24LH08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM.
12KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 24LH09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM.
14KCS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 24LH10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM.
14KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 24LH11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM.
14KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 28LH05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42–0
16KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 28LH06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46–0
16KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 28LH07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54–0
16KCS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 28LH08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54–0
16KCS5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 28LH09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM.
18KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35–0 28LH10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM.
18KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 28LH11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM.
18KCS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 28LH12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM.
18KCS5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 28LH13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM.
20KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36–0 32LH06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47–0 through 60–0
20KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39–0 32LH07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47–0 through 60–0
20KCS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 32LH08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55–0 through 60–0
20KCS5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 32LH09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 60–0
22KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36–0 32LH10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 60–0
22KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40–0 32LH11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 60–0
24KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39–0 32LH14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 60–0
24KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44–0 32LH15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 60–0
24KCS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 36LH07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47–0 through 60–0
24KCS5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 36LH08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47–0 through 60–0
26KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39–0 36LH09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57–0 through 60–0
26KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44–0 36LH10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 60–0
28KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40–0 36LH13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 60–0
28KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45–0 36LH14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 60–0
28KCS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53–0 36LH15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 60–0
28KCS5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53–0 NM = diagonal bolted bridging not mandatory.
30KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45–0
30KCS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54–0
30KCS5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54–0
NM = diagonal bolted bridging not mandatory.
109
(4) Employees shall not be allowed on steel joists where (iii) Shop-installed bridging clips, or functional equiva-
the span of the steel joist is equal to or greater than the lents, shall be used where the bridging bolts to the
span shown in Tables A and B except in accordance with steel joists;
§ 1926.757(d). (iv) When two pieces of bridging are attached to the steel
(5) When permanent bridging terminus points cannot be joist by a common bolt, the nut that secures the first piece
used during erection, additional temporary bridging of bridging shall not be removed from the bolt for the
terminus points are required to provide stability. attachment of the second; and
(See appendix C of this subpart.) (v) Bridging attachments shall not protrude above the top
(d) Erection bridging. (1) Where the span of the steel joist chord of the steel joist.
is equal to or greater than the span shown in Tables A (e) Landing and placing loads.
and B, the following shall apply: (1) During the construction period, the employer
(i) A row of bolted diagonal erection bridging shall be placing a load on steel joists shall ensure that the load
installed near the midspan of the steel joist; is distributed so as not to exceed the carrying capaci-
(ii) Hoisting cables shall not be released until this bolted ty of any steel joist.
diagonal erection bridging is installed and anchored; and (2) Except for paragraph (e)(4) of this section, no
(iii) No more than one employee shall be allowed on construction loads are allowed on the steel joists until
these spans until all other bridging is installed and all bridging is installed and anchored and all joist-
anchored. bearing ends are attached.
(2) Where the span of the steel joist is over 60 feet (3) The weight of a bundle of joist bridging shall not
(18.3 m) through 100 feet (30.5 m), the following shall exceed a total of 1,000 pounds (454 kg). A bundle of joist
apply: bridging shall be placed on a minimum of three steel
joists that are secured at one end. The edge of the
(i) All rows of bridging shall be bolted diagonal bridging; bridging bundle shall be positioned within 1 foot (.30 m)
(ii) Two rows of bolted diagonal erection bridging shall be of the secured end.
installed near the third points of the steel joist; (4) No bundle of decking may be placed on steel joists
(iii) Hoisting cables shall not be released until this bolted until all bridging has been installed and anchored and all
diagonal erection bridging is installed and anchored; and joist bearing ends attached, unless all of the following
(iv) No more than two employees shall be allowed on conditions are met:
these spans until all other bridging is installed and (i) The employer has first determined from a qualified
anchored. person and documented in a site-specific erection plan
(3) Where the span of the steel joist is over 100 feet that the structure or portion of the structure is capable of
(30.5 m) through 144 feet (43.9 m), the following shall supporting the load;
apply: (ii) The bundle of decking is placed on a minimum of
(i) All rows of bridging shall be bolted diagonal bridging; three steel joists;
(ii) Hoisting cables shall not be released until all bridging (iii) The joists supporting the bundle of decking are
is installed and anchored; and attached at both ends;
(iii) No more than two employees shall be allowed on (iv) At least one row of bridging is installed and anchored;
these spans until all bridging is installed and anchored. (v) The total weight of the bundle of decking does not
(4) For steel members spanning over 144 feet (43.9 m), exceed 4,000 pounds (1816 kg); and
the erection methods used shall be in accordance with (vi) Placement of the bundle of decking shall be in
§ 1926.756. accordance with paragraph (e)(5) of this section.
(5) Where any steel joist specified in paragraphs (c)(2) (5) The edge of the construction load shall be placed
and (d)(1), (d)(2), and (d)(3) of this section is a bottom within 1 foot (.30 m) of the bearing surface of the
chord bearing joist, a row of bolted diagonal bridging shall joist end.
be provided near the support(s). This bridging shall be
installed and anchored before the hoisting cable(s)
is released.
(6) When bolted diagonal erection bridging is required by
this section, the following shall apply:
(i) The bridging shall be indicated on the erection
drawing;
(ii) The erection drawing shall be the exclusive indicator
of the proper placement of this bridging;
110
APPENDIX
ILLUSTRATIONS OF OSHA BRIDGING TERMINUS POINTS:
NON-MANDATORY
Guidelines for complying with OSHA Steel Erection Standard, Paragraph
§1926.757(a)(10) and §1926.757(c)(5)
TYP TYP
HORIZ. BRDG. HORIZ. BRDG.
LAG WITH SHIELD LAG WITH SHIELD

OR EMBEDDED ANCHOR OR EMBEDDED ANCHOR
HORIZONTAL BRIDGING HORIZONTAL BRIDGING

TERMINUS AT WALL TERMINUS AT WALL
TYP
TYP
HORIZ. BRDG. HORIZ. BRDG.
HORIZONTAL BRIDGING HORIZONTAL BRIDGING

TERMINUS AT PANEL WALL TERMINUS AT
STRUCTURAL SHAPE
111
ILLUSTRATIONS OF OSHA BRIDGING TERMINUS POINTS: NON-MANDATORY
Guidelines for complying with OSHA Steel Erection Standard,
Paragraph §1926.757(a)(10) and §1926.757(c)(5)
TYP
TYP
BOLTED
CONNECTION
LAG WITH SHIELD

OR EMBEDDED ANCHOR
HORIZONTAL BRIDGING
TERMINUS AT STRUCTURAL BOLTED DIAGONAL BRIDGING
SHAPE WITH OPTIONAL TERMINUS AT WALL
"X-BRIDGING"
TYP TYP
BOLTED BOLTED
CONNECTION CONNECTION
LAG WITH SHIELD LAG WITH SHIELD

OR EMBEDDED ANCHOR OR EMBEDDED ANCHOR
BOLTED DIAGONAL BRIDGING BOLTED DIAGONAL BRIDGING

TERMINUS AT WALL TERMINUS AT WALL
112
ILLUSTRATIONS OF OSHA BRIDGING TERMINUS POINTS: NON-MANDATORY
Guidelines for complying with OSHA Steel Erection Standard,
Paragraph §1926.757(a)(10) and §1926.757(c)(5)
HORIZONTAL TRUSS
WEBBING TYP
TYP
JOISTS PAIR BRIDGING JOISTS PAIR BRIDGING

TERMINUS POINT TERMINUS POINT
LOOPED LOOPED
AROUND AROUND
TOP CHORD TOP CHORD
INDEPENDENT INDEPENDENT
TEMP. GUY TEMP. GUY
CABLES CABLES
HORIZ. BRDG.
POSITIVE POSITIVE
ANCHORAGE ANCHORAGE
POINT POINT
HORIZONTAL BRIDGING DIAGONAL BRIDGING

TERMINUS POINT TERMINUS POINT
SECURED BY TEMP. SECURED BY TEMP.
GUY CABLES GUY CABLES
113
NOTES: NET UPLIFT: PLF
OAL SEAT STANDARDS
EXTL C/C OR CLEAR EXTR BDL, BDR: H & K = 2 1/2” UNO
SHL SHR TYPE "S" EXT LH & DLH = 5” UNO
TAG END: LOW END
Slots: H & K = 5/8”, 3 1/2” Gage UNO
BDR
BDL
CL CR LH & DLH = 7/8”, 4” Gage UNO
K, KCS 5”
JOIST 5” K, KCS
LH, DLH 6” 6” LH, DLH
DT = DANGER TAG (PER OSHA)
TYPE "F" EXT
BCXL BCXR LENGTHS SHOWN ARE IN HORIZONTAL PROJECTION
SEQUENCE ELEV. C/C OR FL/ FR/

QTY MARK TYPE EXTL EXTR CL CR BDL BDR SHL SHR BCXL BCXR OAL NOTES
JOIST LIST
1 2 3 4 SLOPE CLEAR TYPE TYPE
114
Corporation
steel
TOTAL JOIST FINAL: YES NO PROJECT: PAINT: REV# DATE:
CUSTOMER: SPEC: PLANT:

JOIST LIST LIST BY: DATE: SEQUENCE: PROJECT#
CHECKED BY: DATE: SEQ COLOR: SHEET#

OF
COPY 140% LARGER ON LEGAL FORMAT

OR
DOWNLOAD FROM canamsteel.com
NOTES: NET UPLIFT: YES NO
OAL
* OSHA JOIST TO GIRDER CONNECTION SEAT STANDARDS
EXTL C/C OR CLEAR EXTR
PL N PR WS = Welded Seats BDL, BDR = 7 1/2” UNO
THL2 THR2
THL TAG END: LOW END * THR NS = Joist Bolted on Near Side SLOTS = 7/8”, 5” Gage UNO
BDR
BDL
FS = Joist Bolted on Far Side THL, THR = 5/8” Holes, 4 1/2” Gage UNO
SHL SHR
CL GIRDER CR BS = Joist Bolted on Both Sides Holes for LH Series Must be Noted
6” 6”
LENGTHS SHOWN ARE IN HORIZONTAL PROJECTION
BCXL BCXR
SEQUENCE ELEV. C/C OR OAL/

QTY MARK TYPE EXTL EXTR CL CR BDL BDR SHL SHR BCXL BCXR THL THR PL N PR
1 2 3 4 SLOPE CLEAR OSHA
JOIST GIRDER LIST
115
Corporation
steel
TOTAL GIRDERS FINAL: YES NO PROJECT: PAINT: REV# DATE:

GIRDER LIST LIST BY: DATE: SEQUENCE: PROJECT#
CHECKED BY: DATE: SEQ COLOR: SHEET#

OF

OR
NOTES:
WELDED “X” TYPES BOLTED “X” TYPES BOLTED “H” TYPES
DIT
DIT
DIT
WALL
WALL
WALL
WALL
RIGHT
RIGHT
LEFT
LEFT
RIGHT
LEFT
SPACE SPACE SPACE
TYPE 1 TYPE 2 TYPE 3 TYPE 4 TYPE 5 TYPE 6 TYPE 7 TYPE 8 TYPE 9 TYPE 13 TYPE 14 TYPE 15
NOTE FOR “DIT” USE “+” WHEN “LEFT” IS LOWER THAN “RIGHT” & USE “-” WHEN “RIGHT” IS LOWER THAN “LEFT”
SEQUENCE LEFT LEFT RIGHT RIGHT DIT = DIFF SEQUENCE HORIZONTAL BRIDGING
QTY MARK TYPE SPACING SIZE REMARKS
1 2 3 4 MARK DEPTH MARK DEPTH IN TOP 1 2 3 4 QTY MARK LENGTH SIZE REMARKS
SEQUENCE BRIDGING ANCHOR CLIPS

1 2 3 4 QTY MARK LENGTH SIZE REMARKS
SEQUENCE GIRDER KNEE BRACE / LOOSE BOTTOM CHORD

GIRDER JOIST SEAT
1 2 3 4 QTY MARK LENGTH SIZE DEPTH DEPTH DEPTH
116
SEQUENCE BOLT / NUT / WASHER SEQUENCE BOLT / NUT / WASHER
1 2 3 4 QTY SIZE 1 2 3 4 QTY SIZE
Corporation
steel
BRIDGING & ACCESSORIES LIST
TOTAL FINAL: YES NO PROJECT: PAINT: REV# DATE:
BRIDGING LIST BY: DATE: SEQUENCE: PROJECT#

LIST CHECKED BY: DATE: SEQ COLOR: SHEET#
OF

OR
Name: Company:
Address: City: County: State:

Zip Code: Country: Tel.: Fax: E-mail:
Quotation No: Deck Required: General Bid. Doc. Respbl. Bidders G. C. Arch./Eng. Address Paint
Name: Extra / Credit:

Name: Closing Date:
Project SQ.FT. : Alternate:
Contact:
Revision:
Division:
General Bid. Doc. Respbl. Bidders G. C. Arch./Eng. Address Paint
TAKE-OFF SHEET

Architect
Closing Date: Shipping Territory: Name:
Estimated Shipping Date: Branch Office: Contact:
Recall Date: Phone: Fax:
Engineer
Name:
Bid Doc. From: Issued For:
117
Contact:
Bid Doc.:
Phone: Fax:
Corporation
steel
Specifications: Addendums: General Bid. Doc. Respbl. Bidders G. C. Arch./Eng. Address Paint
Address:
City: County:
Prov. / State: ZIP / Postal Code:
Sales Rep.:
Country:
Estimator:
DSG Input by:
Paint:
Cleaning:
Note:
Page 1 of
Please return this take-off sheet to the nearest Canam sales office. To locate the closest sales office to your region, please consult our Web Site at: www.canamsteel.com
Quotation No: Project Name: Steel Grade:
Depth Span Net LL TCX

Mark Qty BCX Holes Designation Base Length Spacing Uplift Defl. Left Right Options
TAKE-OFF SHEET
118
Corporation
steel
Total: SS: LS: JG: JS:
Bridging: Steel Deck:
Inclusions: Exclusions:
Page of
TAKE-OFF SHEET
Quotation No: Project Name:
Horizontal Bridging Diagonal Bridging
Type Quantity Type Quantity
Steel Deck Steel Deck Accessories
Type Quantity Type Quantity
Page of
steel
Corporation
119
steel
Corporation
United States “1”
www.canamsteel.com Sales office Maryland Texas

P.O. Box 296 2114 Crestwood Trail
Plants Arizona Phoenix, Maryland 21131-0296 Mansfield, Texas 76063
22451 North 79th Drive Telephone: (410) 472-4327 Telephone: (817) 473-9333
Maryland Peoria, Arizona 85382 Fax: (410) 472-4827 Fax: (817) 473-0333
Head office and plant - SJI, AISC(1) Telephone: (623) 266-2193
4010 Clay Street, P.O. Box C-285 Fax: (623) 266-2194 Massachusetts 18777 Stone Oak Parkway, Suite 312
Point of Rocks, Maryland 21777-0285
50 Eastman Street San Antonio, Texas 78258
Telephone: (301) 874-5141 California Easton, Massachusetts 02334-1245 Telephone: (210) 495-0105
Toll free: 1-800-638-4293 1910 Palomar Oaks Way, Suite 200 Telephone: (508) 238-4500 Fax: (210) 495-0141
Fax: (301) 874-5685 Carlsbad, California 92008 Fax: (508) 238-8253
Telephone: (760) 268-1018 Virginia
Florida Fax: (760) 268-1028 Minnesota 13243 Harpers Ferry Road
Plant and sales office - SJI, AISC(1)
768 - 103 Twelve Oaks Center Purcellville, Virginia 20132
140 South Ellis Road Florida 15500 Wayzata Blvd. Telephone: (540) 668-7766
Jacksonville, Florida 32254 553 Waterside Drive Wayzata, Minnesota 55391 Fax: (540) 668-7767
Telephone: (904) 781-0898 Hypoluxo, Florida 33462 Telephone: (952) 475-9165
Fax: (904) 781-2004 Telephone: (561) 547-7469 Fax: (952) 475-2710 Washington
Fax: (561) 540-4679 240 N.W. Gilman Blvd., Suite G
Missouri
New York Issaquah, Washington 98027
Plant and sales office - SJI, AISC(1) Georgia 139 Hawthorne Way Telephone: (425) 392-2935
2000 West Main Street 150 Stanley Court, Suite C Chittenango, New York 13037-1010 Fax: (425) 392-3149
Washington, Missouri 63090-1008 Lawrenceville, Georgia 30045 Telephone: (315) 687-5870
Telephone: (636) 239-6716 Telephone: (770) 682-7815 Fax: (315) 687-3701 1318 E. 38th Avenue
Fax: (636) 239-4135 Fax: (770) 682-9604 Spokane, Washington 99203
Oregon Telephone: (509) 456-4363
Ohio llinois 2081 Holcomb Springs Road Fax: (509) 624-2772
Plant and sales office - SJI(1) 7501 Lemont Road, Suite 315 Gold Hill, Oregon 97525
555 North Yearling Road Woodridge, Illinois 60517-2660 Telephone: (541) 855-9057 Foreign offices
Columbus, Ohio 43213 Telephone: (630) 910-1700 Fax: (541) 855-2027
Telephone: (614) 235-9805 Fax: (630) 910-1785
Fax: (614) 235-9901
Pennsylvania
Indiana 3280 St. Andrews Drive
Washington 610 Fairington Avenue Romania “40”
Chambersburg, Pennsylvania 17201
Plant and sales office - SJI, ICBO(1) Lafayette, Indiana 47905 Brasov, Romania
Telephone: (717) 263-7432
2002 Morgan Road Telephone: (765) 477-7764 Alexandru Ion Lepadatu no 4
Fax: (717) 263-7542
Sunnyside, Washington 98944 Fax: (765) 474-4042 Brasov 2200, Romania
Telephone: (509) 837-7008 Telephone: (40 268) 31 43 73
1012 Hampstead Road
Fax: (509) 839-7635 1166 Barksdale Avenue Fax: (40 268) 32 78 63
Wynnewood, Pennsylvania 19096
Peru, Indiana 46970 Telephone: (610) 896-4790
Telephone: (765) 689-5539 Fax: (610) 896-4815
Fax: (765) 689-5541
Tennessee
Kansas India “91”
8620 Trinity Road, Suite 207
6803 West 64th Street, Suite 111 Cordova, Tennessee 38018 Kolkata, India
Overland Park, Kansas 66202 Telephone: (901) 759-1524 GN 37/B, Sector V
Telephone: (913) 384-9809 Fax: (901) 759-3969 Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 091, India
Fax: (913) 384-9816 Telephone: (91 33) 23 57 58 65
Fax: (91 33) 23 57 59 14
steel
works
Canada “1”
www.canamsteel.com Plant and sales office Sales offices, Canada Engineering and credit office
ISO 9002, AISC, CWB(1) 270, chemin Du Tremblay
Administration, Steel Sector, 807, rue Marshall British Columbia Boucherville (Québec) J4B 5X9
Laval (Québec) H7S 1J9 95 Schooner Street Telephone: (450) 641-4000
North America Coquitlam, British Columbia V3K 7A8
Telephone: (514) 337-8031 Toll free: 1-866-506-4000
Québec Toll free: 1-800-361-3966 Toll free: 1-866-203-2001 Fax: (450) 641-4001
11505, 1re Avenue, Suite 500 Fax: (450) 668-3091 Fax: (604) 523-2181
Ville de Saint-Georges (Québec) G5Y 7X3 Foreign offices
Telephone: (418) 228-8031 Machine shop New Brunswick
Toll free: 1-877-499-6049 95 Foundry Street Brasov, Romania
125, rue du Parc Engineering and sales office
Fax: (418) 227-5424 Saint-Joseph-de-Beauce (Québec) G0S 2V0 Heritage Court, Suite 417
Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 5H7 Alexandru Ion Lepadatu no 4
Telephone: (418) 397-8070
Plants Fax: (418) 397-8017 Telephone: (506) 857-3164 Brasov 2200, Romania
Fax: (506) 857-3253 Telephone: (40 268) 31 43 73
Québec Fax: (40 268) 32 78 63
Head office, plant and sales office Alberta
ISO 9002, SJI, AISC, CWB(1) Plant and sales office - SJI, CWB(1) Québec
200, boulevard Industriel Kolkata, India
115, boul. Canam Nord 323 - 53rd Avenue S.E. Engineering and sales office
Saint-Gédéon, Beauce (Québec) G0M 1T0 Calgary, Alberta T2H 0N2 Boucherville (Québec) J4B 2X4
Telephone: (450) 641-8770 GN 37/B, Sector V
Telephone: (418) 582-3331 Telephone: (403) 252-7591 Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 091, India
Toll free: 1-888-849-5910 Toll free: 1-866-203-2001 Toll free: 1-800-361-0203
Fax: (450) 641-8769 Telephone: (91 33) 23 57 58 65
Fax: (418) 582-3381 Fax: (403) 253-7708 Fax: (91 33) 23 57 59 14
Plant Ontario
ISO 9002, CWB(1) Plant and sales office - CWB, SJI(1)
200, boulevard Industriel 1739 Drew Road
Boucherville (Québec) J4B 2X4 Mississauga, Ontario L5S 1J5
Telephone: (450) 641-2820 Telephone: (905) 671-3460
Toll free: 1-800-463-1582 Toll free: 1-800-871-8876
Fax: (450) 641-3132 Fax: (905) 671-3924
steel
Corporation
120
www.structal.ca www.steelplus.com Alberta Massachusetts
323 - 53rd Avenue S.E. 50 Eastman Street
Plant and sales office, Canada Canadian offices Calgary, Alberta T2H 0N2 Easton, Massachusetts 02334-1245
Plant and sales office Québec Telephone: (403) 252-7507 Telephone: (508) 238-7079
ISO 9001, AISC, CWB(1) Main office - ISO 9001(1) Toll free: 1-888-388-7833 Fax: (508) 238-8253
1445, rue du Grand Tronc 11505, 1re Avenue, bureau 500 Fax: (403) 255-7519
Québec (Québec) G1N 4G1 Ville de Saint-Georges (Québec) G5Y 7X3 Missouri
Telephone: (418) 683-2561 Telephone: (418) 227-7833 New Brunswick 2000 West Main Street
Toll free: 1-877-304-2561 Toll free: 1-800-764-7833 95 Foundry Street Washington, Missouri 63090-1008
Fax: (418) 688-8512 Fax: (418) 227-8587 Heritage Court, Suite 417 Telephone: (636) 239-6716
Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 5H7 Fax: (636) 239-1714
Sales office 200, boulevard Industriel Telephone: (506) 857-3178
270, chemin Du Tremblay Boucherville (Québec) J4B 2X4 Toll free: 1-800-210-7833 Ohio
Boucherville (Québec) J4B 5X9 Telephone: (450) 641-8770 Fax: (506) 857-3253 555 North Yearling Road
Telephone: (450) 641-4000 Toll free: 1-800-463-1582 Columbus, Ohio 43213
Toll free: 1-866-506-4000 Fax: (450) 641-8769 Ontario Telephone: (614) 235-9805
Fax: (450) 641-4001 1755 Drew Road Fax: (614) 235-9901
270, chemin Du Tremblay Mississauga, Ontario L5S 1J5
Boucherville (Québec) J4B 5X9 Telephone: (905) 671-3460
Sales office, United States Fax: (905) 671-3924
Telephone: (450) 641-4000
Maryland Toll free: 1-866-506-4000
4010 Clay Street, P.O. Box C-285 Fax: (450) 641-4001
Point of Rocks, Maryland 21777-0285 United States offices
Telephone: (301) 874-5141 807, rue Marshall Illinois
Telephone: 1-800-638-4293 Laval (Québec) H7S 1J9 7501 Lemont Road, Suite 315
Fax: (301) 874-5686 Telephone: (514) 337-8031 Woodridge, Illinois 60517 (1) Accreditation:
Fax: (450) 668-3091 Telephone: (630) 910-1700
Fax: (630) 910-1785 AISC = American Institute of Steel Construction
2050, 127e Rue CWB = Canadian Welding Bureau
Ville de Saint-Georges (Québec) G5Y 2W8 Maryland ICBO = International Conference
Telephone: (418) 227-7833 4010 Clay Street, P.O. Box C-285 of Building Officials
Fax: (418) 225-9802 Point of Rocks, Maryland 21777-0285
ISO = International Standard Organization
Telephone: (301) 874-5141
Fax: (301) 874-2599 SJI = Steel Joist Institute
grupo
Mexico “52”
www.grupocanammanac.com
Plants
Monterrey, NL
Head office, plant and sales office
SJI(1)
Carretera Monterrey-Laredo km. 22.450
Cienega de Flores, Nuevo León, México
C.P. 65550
Telephone: (52 81) 82 21 06 00
Fax: (52 81) 82 21 06 10
Ciudad Juárez, Chih.

Plant - ICBO, SJI(1)
Carretera Panamericana #9920
Colonia Puento Alto
Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua
México 32695
Telephone: (52 65) 66 29 09 38
Fax: (52 65) 66 33 13 48
Sales office
Chihuahua, Chih.
Calle Cipres #1317
Colonia Granjus, C.P. 31160
Chihuahua, Chih., México
Telephone: (52 61) 44 82 18 92
Fax: (52 61) 44 82 18 91
México, DF
Luz Saviñon #13, piso 6, Colonia Del Valle
Del. Benito Juárez, C.P. 03100
México, DF
Telephone: (52 55) 55 36 25 20
Fax: (52 55) 55 36 25 23
The project pictured on the cover

page is Bridgestone / Firestone
located in Graniteville, SC.
steel
Corporation
121
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Printed in Canada 03/2003

Steel Plus Underwriters American

54 SJI KCS and K-Series Economy Tables

96 Recommended Code of Standard Practice

105 Appendices on OSHA regulations

• Total client satisfaction: exceptional service

PLANT AND PRODUCT CERTIFICATIONS

SJI: Steel Joist Institute

FM: Factory Mutual

Canam has been producing open web steel joists for

PAINT ENGINEERING &

COMBINED BRIDGING TABLES

NUMBER OF ROWS OF BRIDGING**

** Last digit(s) of joist designation shown in Load Table.

MAXIMUM JOIST SPACING FOR HORIZONTAL BRIDGING

COMBINED BRIDGING TABLES

GIRDER AND JOIST CONNECTIONS

1-1/2” 3/4” ø BOLTS 2” 3/4” ø BOLTS

7-1/2” 7-1/2” 7-1/2”

GIRDER CONNECTION A GIRDER CONNECTION B GIRDER CONNECTION C

2-1/2” 3/4” ø BOLTS

GIRDER CONNECTION D JOIST CONNECTION E JOIST CONNECTION F

1-1/2” 3/4” ø BOLTS 3/4” ø BOLTS

JOIST CONNECTION H JOIST CONNECTION K JOIST CONNECTION L

DLH18 and DLH19 will have girder standards.

BRIDGING ANCHOR 1/4” 2” “LH” SERIES

KNEE BRACE ONLY

SQUARE ENDS ADDED MEMBERS

Joists, including KCS-Series, are not typically designed

FIRST BOTTOM CHORD

FIELD BOLTED SPLICE PITCHED JOISTS

TOP CHORD DOUBLE PITCHED UNDERSLUNG

JOIST TOP CHORD

TOP CHORD DOUBLE PITCHED SQUARE ENDS

MAXIMUM DUCT OPENINGS

WEB CONFIGURATIONS (in.) OPENINGS (in.)

Location must be greater than

LOAD / SPAN DESIGN SPECIAL LOADS

SLOPED JOISTS Canam’s design programs allow for the consideration of

Canam will presume that all continuity moments are P

STANDING SEAM ROOFS

Ted Constant Center,

JOISTS LONGER THAN SJI

* Ford Field Stadium * Dubuque Riverfront Education

• As a minimum, the dimensions and information GABLE JOIST

Idaho Sports Center,

Buckeye Fried Chicken,

Buckeye Fried Chicken,

JOISTS AT COLUMNS COLUMN JOIST

BUNDLE SIZES BOTTOM BEARING JOISTS

- COLUMN JOIST OR JOIST NEAR A COLUMN DESIGNATED

- IF A COLUMN JOIST IN BAYS 60’-0” OR LESS IS

CONSULT THE OSHA SAFETY STANDARDS FOR SPECIFICS.

- IN BAYS GREATER THAN 60’-0”, JOIST AT OR NEAR

COMPARISON OF VARIOUS ARRANGEMENTS

PARAMETERS INITIAL ALTERNATE 1 ALTERNATE 2 ALTERNATE 3

Peak acceleration ao with open floor (% g) 1.11% 0.87% 0.81% 0.65%

2 1/2” MIN ON STEEL

OUTRIGGERS AND EXTENSIONS

There are many factors that influence the most L

• For a K-series joist, a 2-1/2 inch deep seat is

Page Section Change

THE STEEL JOIST INSTITUTE

1966 – Development and introduction by the SJI and

Steel Joists & Girders Notes

Steel Joists & Girders Notes