In December 2019 a single case of virus was recorded which eventually led to infecting millions of

people. An infectious and newly discovered coronavirus that has not been previously found in humans.
Formerly known as Novel Coronavirus and now officially named by World Health Organization (WHO) last
February 12, 2020, as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 is a disease that is part of a large
family of coronaviruses, including Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus (SARS-CoV). It is an enveloped, positive single-
strand RNA virus with the characteristic of crown-like spikes on its surfaces.

Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (CDC) also named COVID-19 as Severe Pneumonia with Novel
Pathogens, a notifiable communicable disease of the fifth category. It was also found that COVID-19, as a
potential zoonotic disease, has a mortality rate of an estimated 2%-5% (low to moderate).

Currently, COVID-19, an already declared global health emergency last January 30, 2020, by WHO, has
been infecting more than 130 million people and killing more than 3 million people worldwide. This state-led to
its declaration as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. 82% of patients infected by COVID-19 possess mild
presentations, 15% have severe manifestations, and 3% will be critical, according to WHO.

Wuhan, a city in the Hubei Province of China, reportedly to be the origin of COVID-19 in late December
2019. The city's emerging virus resulted in a severe outbreak from the first batch of affected and some
neighboring countries, such as Thailand, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Vietnam, Germany, United States, and
Singapore. In the Philippines, the first reported case was on January 21, 2019. The spread of COVID-19
became rampant in the following months affecting more than 25 countries and infecting more people.

Rumor says that the virus is zoonotic and is believed that eating bats may be the reason for its rise
because its sequence identity is similar to Bat Coronavirus. However, Amy Mckeever, a National Geographic
writer, emphasized that the origin of coronavirus is still unknown. Though it has four scenarios that could be
possibly its origin and is presented accordingly; direct spillover from animal to humans, spillover from animals to
humans through an intermediate host, introduction through refrigerated or frozen foods and laboratory leak from
Wuhan laboratory which is extremely unlikely as assessed by WHO. The cause of the existence of COVID-19
remains unknown, so there are many progressing studies to address the virus.

There is no validated cure for COVID-19, but an infected person can be diagnosed for having symptoms
similar to its origin. Pieces of evidence suggest that the virus spreads through droplets containing viruses that
directly contact the eyes, nose, or mouth and affect different people in distinct ways. According to WHO,
symptoms usually begin with nonspecific syndromes. Most common symptoms include fever, dry cough, and
tiredness; less common symptoms are aches and pains, sore throat, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, headache, loss of
taste or smell, and a rash on skin or discoloration of fingers and toes. In contrast, severe symptoms
 include difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, chest pain or pressure, and loss of speech or
movement, leading to death. People who are experiencing these symptoms are advised to seek medical
care immediately. The most at risk of severe illness from COVID-19 are people aged 60 years and above
and currently have respiratory and heart medical problems. However, anyone can be infected with the virus
and become seriously ill or, worse, die at any age.

Flattening the curve and curbing the pandemic has been the focus of health agencies to halt the
more adverse effects of the virus in the long run. Given the global trajectory of the pandemic, WHO advised
the public to follow health standard protocols. The populace is required to follow a 1-meter social distance
while wearing face masks and face shields to prevent any possible transmission and infection. The global
agency also emphasized to store, clean, or dispose of masks properly and maintain good personal
hygiene. Travel restrictions were also strictly implemented in countries with a concentrated number of
positive cases and 2019
In December were aforced
singleto case
implement lockdown
of virus or restrictive
was recorded which mass quarantine
eventually led towhere no one
infecting can of
millions
enter nor
people. An leave the state.
infectious and newly discovered coronavirus that has not been previously found in humans.
Formerly known as Novel Coronavirus and now officially named by World Health Organization (WHO) last
February 12, 2020, as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 is a disease that is part of a large
family of Based on the foregoing
coronaviruses, discussion,
including Middle East noticeable
Respiratoryeffects brought about
Syndrome-related by the global
Coronavirus pandemic
(MERS-CoV) and
disease are exceptional which indicates that every country is likely to face more concerning
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus (SARS-CoV). It is an enveloped, positive single- challenges in
the economic,
strand and the
RNA virus with healthcare sectors.
characteristic Furthermore,
of crown-like each
spikes individual
on its surfaces.involved might experience drastic
changes in their health.

Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (CDC) also named COVID-19 as Severe Pneumonia with Novel
Pathogens, Several studiescommunicable
a notifiable showed that COVID-19
disease ofhas the afifth
detrimental
category.effect
It was onalso
the psychological aspect ofas
found that COVID-19, a a
person. The COVID-19 highlighted the vulnerability of the populace to limited
potential zoonotic disease, has a mortality rate of an estimated 2%-5% (low to moderate). interaction, freedom, among
others. Xiong, et al. (2020) illustrated that during the pandemic, the general population in China, Spain,
Italy, Iran, the Us, Turkey, Nepal, and Denmark showed high rates of symptoms of anxiety, depression,
post-traumatic
Currently,stress disorder,
COVID-19, psychological
an already distress,
declared global and
healthstress. The authors
emergency also emphasized
last January theWHO,
30, 2020, by causeshas
of these
been mental
infecting moreillnesses
than 130such aspeople
million unemployment,
and killing loneliness,
more than 3lower income,
million peoplequarantine
worldwide. status, fear of to
This state-led
itsgetting infected,
declaration as anews about
global COVID-19,
pandemic history
on March of 2020.
11, mental82% illness, among others.
of patients infected by COVID-19 possess mild
presentations, 15% have severe manifestations, and 3% will be critical, according to WHO.
Healthcare sectors, on the other haand, face serious burdens from treating patients during COVID-
19. As
Wuhan, aby
stated cityShreffler, et al.Province
in the Hubei (2020), ofHealthcare workers to
China, reportedly (HCWs) must cope
be the origin with the instressors
of COVID-19 well
late December
enough
2019. Thetocity's
prevent medicalvirus
emerging errors, low productivity,
resulted in a severelack of empathy
outbreak from and
the higher turnover
first batch rates. However,
of affected and some
Zhu, et al. (2020) as cited by Shreffler et al(2020) revealed that out of 5062 HCWs, 29.8% were
neighboring countries, such as Thailand, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Vietnam, Germany, United States, and stressed,
24.1% were
Singapore. In anxious, and 13.5%
the Philippines, the were
first reported
reported tocase
be depressed.
was on January 21, 2019. The spread of COVID-19
became rampant in the following months affecting more than 25 countries and infecting more people.
What is more, COVID-19 caused a major drop in the economic activity in every country in terms of
tourism
Rumor unemployment.
and In tourism,
says that the virus The and
is zoonotic UNWTO World that
is believed Tourism Barometer
eating bats mayissued
be thethat from for
reason the its
ten-rise
month period of January to October 2020, Asia and the Pacific recorded an 82% decline
because its sequence identity is similar to Bat Coronavirus. However, Amy Mckeever, a National Geographic in arrivals. The
Middle
writer, East experienced
emphasized that theaorigin
73% drop while Africais encountered
of coronavirus still unknown. a 69%
Thoughfall out. Meanwhile,
it has both Europe
four scenarios that couldandbe
America
possibly its had a 68%
origin and isdecline in international
presented accordingly;arrivals. In addition,
direct spillover fromthe International
animal Labor
to humans, Organization
spillover found to
from animals
turbulence
humans in the
through an employment
intermediate activity in every country.
host, introduction throughAmerica was or
refrigerated reported to have
frozen foods thelaboratory
and highest jobleakloss
from
rate while Europe and Central Asia remained lowest.
Wuhan laboratory which is extremely unlikely as assessed by WHO. The cause of the existence of COVID-19
remains unknown, so there are many progressing studies to address the virus.
For the past months of 2020, countries around the world continue to rely on non-pharmaceutical
intercession
There isas noavalidated
responsecure
to COVID-19. On abut
for COVID-19, more scientificperson
an infected approach, vaccines
can be diagnosedand for
vaccinations work
having symptoms
best in flattening the curve. However, developments about vaccines were still on progress
similar to its origin. Pieces of evidence suggest that the virus spreads through droplets containing viruses not until
that
December
directly 31, the
contact 2020. Thenose,
eyes, WorldorHealth
mouthOrganization confirmedpeople
and affect different the Pfizer/BioNTech
in distinct ways.as According
the first approved
to WHO,
RNA or mRNA
symptoms usuallytype of vaccine
begin with an efficacy
with nonspecific of 95%
syndromes. in an
Most ongoingsymptoms
common large-scale clinical
include trial. dry
fever, Nextcough,
RNA orand
tiredness; less common symptoms are aches and pains, sore throat, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, headache, virus
mRNA vaccine approved was Moderna mRNA-1273(92%). Other types of vaccine include Whole loss of
vaccine
taste that and
or smell, encompass
a rash onSinopharm(79%) and of
skin or discoloration Sinovac(50%); Non-replicating
fingers and toes. viral vector
In contrast, severe which comprise
symptoms
Oxford-AstraZeneca(62% to 90%) and Sputnik V(92%); and lastly, Protein subunit which is
Novavax(89.3%). All of which does not guarantee 100% protection and immunity from the virus.
Nonetheless, these vaccines will help the immune system to fight the potential threat of the virus once
exposed.
 Hundreds of vaccines may be under development, and more than nine are approved with a 50 to 90%
efficacy rate. However, with the virus still circulating in a population and causing many infections, possible
mutations are expected. These variations may affect the transmission rate of the virus, its severity, and even
the vaccine's efficacy. For the record, the WHO identified seven mutations in coronavirus since its appearance
in late 2019, and five of these mutations caught the medical community's attention.

The first two concerned mutations are N501Y, and E484K Spike Mutations found at the spike tip protein
of the virus. These mutations are believed to impact the effectiveness of monoclonal antibody treatments and
can cause reinfection in some patients.On the other hand, the L452R, K417N/T, and Q677 Mutations are
classified as aggressive and threatening genetic changes of the virus. According to Dr. Velasquez of Pathos
Enterprises, these variations have decreased antibody recognition and possible resistance to some antibodies,
including those of vaccines. In addition, it also increases the viral transmission rate and virulence of the virus,
making the virus more infectious.
In December 2019 a single case of virus was recorded which eventually led to infecting millions of
people.From
An infectious and newly
these mutations, WHO discovered
identifies coronavirus that has
several variants. On notthe been previously
Centers found Control
for Disease in humans.and
Formerly known
Prevention (CDC) as Novel
report, Coronavirus
there are seven and
known now officially
variants named by World
of coronavirus globally.Health
ThreeOrganization (WHO) last
of them are identified as
aFebruary
variant of12, 2020, and
concern as Coronavirus DiseaseVariant
high consequence. 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19
B.1.1.7, the first is a disease
variant identified fromthat
the is part of
United a large
Kingdom,
isfamily
now of coronaviruses,
present in at leastincluding MiddleThis
90 countries. Eastvariant
Respiratory Syndrome-related
has approximately Coronavirus
17 mutations, with(MERS-CoV) and
its most notable
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus (SARS-CoV).
N501Y mutation, making it about 50% more infectious than the wild type of virus. It is an enveloped, positive single-
strand RNA virus with the characteristic of crown-like spikes on its surfaces.
B.1.351, on the other hand, is a variant from South Africa that contains two more concerned mutations of
the virus: the E484K Spike Mutation and K417N Mutation that is more contagious than N501Y. According to
Kumar et Taiwan Centers
al. (2021), for Disease
this B.1.351 Control
variant (CDC)
has the also to
potential named COVID-19
blunt the immuneas Severe of
response Pneumonia with Novel
some vaccines, such
as AstraZeneca and Johnson and Johnson. This observation raises concerns among the medical fields andasthe
Pathogens, a notifiable communicable disease of the fifth category. It was also found that COVID-19, a
potential
World zoonotic
Health disease,because
Organization has a mortality
B.1.351rate
areofglobally
an estimated
present2%-5% (low to moderate).
in 48 countries.

In addition to these two notable variants is the P.1 Brazillian Variant. Compared to the first two, this
Currently,
variant has COVID-19,
17 unique an already
mutations declared
in the spike global
protein, health emergency
including the N501Y,last January
E484K, and30, 2020, It
K417N. byisWHO, has
the most
been infecting more than 130 million people and killing more than 3 million people worldwide. This state-led
concerning variant of covid 19, for there are anecdotal reports of reinfection in people who had recovered from to
its declaration as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. 82% of patients infected by COVID-19 possess mild
the disease. Today, the lethal effect of the P.1 variant has only been identified in 25 countries, but still, it is under
presentations,
strict observation15%
by have severe manifestations, and 3% will be critical, according to WHO.
the WHO.

Corona Virus Disease is globally felt. It does not choose who and where to attack. It evolves every time
Wuhan, a city in the Hubei Province of China, reportedly to be the origin of COVID-19 in late December
barriers are made. It is continuous, like a never-ending offense and defense battle. Nevertheless, the good thing
2019. The city's emerging virus resulted in a severe outbreak from the first batch of affected and some
is that the World Health Organization and the United Nations are working 24/7 in flattening the curve of infection.
neighboring countries, such as Thailand, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Vietnam, Germany, United States, and
From this simple step, the world and its people will recover from the massive loss the virus has cost. After all,
Singapore. In the Philippines, the first reported case was on January 21, 2019. The spread of COVID-19
science and technology's innovation is continuous, and soon the people will rise as the virus has been defeated.
became rampant in the following months affecting more than 25 countries and infecting more people.

Rumor says that the virus is zoonotic and is believed that eating bats may be the reason for its rise
because its sequence identity is similar to Bat Coronavirus. However, Amy Mckeever, a National Geographic
writer, emphasized that the origin of coronavirus is still unknown. Though it has four scenarios that could be
possibly its origin and is presented accordingly; direct spillover from animal to humans, spillover from animals to
humans through an intermediate host, introduction through refrigerated or frozen foods and laboratory leak from
Wuhan laboratory which is extremely unlikely as assessed by WHO. The cause of the existence of COVID-19
remains unknown, so there are many progressing studies to address the virus.

There is no validated cure for COVID-19, but an infected person can be diagnosed for having symptoms
similar to its origin. Pieces of evidence suggest that the virus spreads through droplets containing viruses that
directly contact the eyes, nose, or mouth and affect different people in distinct ways. According to WHO,
symptoms usually begin with nonspecific syndromes. Most common symptoms include fever, dry cough, and
tiredness; less common symptoms are aches and pains, sore throat, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, headache, loss of
taste or smell, and a rash on skin or discoloration of fingers and toes. In contrast, severe symptoms