Name :

Q.No1

Why language textbook have been under criticism in Pakistan reason out keeping in view the issue on
developing language textbooks for non native learners compare the tl training methods for groups
and adult learners

Ans: issues in language textbook development

Before knowing something about the issues in language textbook development one can go to
the website (jan.uce) of teaching indigenous
Language book edited by John reyhner North Arizona University USA find some experimental
studies on this topic. One experiment is stated as belows;

Two experimental language learning textbooks were developed in collaboration with Apach
speaking scholars from the san Carlos and white mountain reservations.
One was written in the grammar translation tradition and modelled after wilsons conversational
Navajo workbook and zepeda Papago grammar. The other text was a guide to teaching speech
with the total physical response Tpr method based on a 1982 teacher’s guide books
Both approach raised a variety of problems that can be partially by a new addition
combination of two approaches .For example the classification tree handling verbs are best
thought by a grammar translation method supplemented by tpr style exercise straight forward
centre static structure at least in such an education and yes no question can be out through tpr
exercise and implemented by grammatical explanation . Additional native expert should
monitor any tax to avoid culturally sensitive or political e material.finally a dialogue between
linguistic and native experts needs to be established in order to device how much linguist
terminology can be handled in each particular Curriculum.

We all intuitvelt that books have never been efficient and sufficient ads towards language re
novel. Native American culture with the expectation of Maya culture are not book cultures in
the way western culture is and therefore are justified in being suspicious of books as possible
instruction in instrument of Western imperialism but native American culture as courier have
always done have successfully adopted and integrated foreign culture element to their benefit.
Examples would be the pickup truck for more efficient transportation and. More recently the
computer as a possible educational tool. Would it be wise to really heavily on computer
technology for language preservation.?.
The point is that we can go back and forth about whether textbooks are good tools for language
reasonable and we will probably never convince many people that they are useful. We start
writing textbooks knowing full well that they will only be useful to some learner and only part
of the time

Three kinds of language textbooks

A few general remarks about the language teaching textbooks situation for native American
language in the united states are in order it is useful to distinguish between three kinds of text
there exist

1.Text books that teach native speakers

2. Second language textbooks
That teach the language to speakers of other language but avoid grammar to some extent.
3. Text box that try to do a little bit of both
In Pakistan English is a foreign language but the textbooks revival it as first and second
language.
So why it is being out from grade 1 level. Same is the case for Urdu. There are four kinds of
students of Urdu.1 native speakers to to blink 3 Urdu as a second language students and 4
Urdu as foreign language students.
The textbox published by the board reveal Urdu as first native language only and only the sindh
textbooks board publish and easy Urdu but not really as second language for sindhi students
Compare the training methods for groups and adult learner
Training as defined in the dictionary of education by Carter v good is special kind of teaching
and instruction in which the goals are clearly determined are usually read demonstrated and
call for a degree of mastery which requires student practice and teacher guidance and a racial
of the students improve performance capabilities.
In overall journal science training means a process to a acquire skills or knowledge by roate.
Without reference to any greater framework.
Trainers uses of materials
The trainer is defined as a person instructional leader who plans and conducts a learning
activity usually over conducting skill training activities
Group training methods include
Lecture. A lecture is the method learners of 10 most commonly associated with college and
secondary education. Yet it is also considered one of the least effective methods to use for
adult learner. In this method one person the trainer does all of the talking he or she may use
handouts visual AIDS question answer or posters those for the lecture.
Demonstration
Demonstration is very effective for basic skills. Date panel shows trains how to do something.
Saminar. Seminar of 10 combine sereal group method lecture discussion conference
demonstration
..confrence…panl etc
Methods for adult learner
These methods in differ to some extent
Icebreakers wermups and inclusion activities
Approach icebreakers verbs and inclusion activities when to use at the beginning of the
training for purpose that may include one or more of the following
Getting the group as counted vacillating…. networking simulating tough about concerns… and
expectation…. setting the tone for interaction building teamwork and cooperation
Group memory
When to use to help a group oven all the ideas once they are up on the wall they become group
ideas not individuals.
To free group members from having to take notes.
To improve the groups short term memory.
As a record of the group output.

Q.no 2
Why underdeveloped countries have been more under the criticism of
copyright issue.? Critically analyse development of copyright
materials and mention some of the considerations while developing
copyright materials
Ans: development of copyright materials
The development of any material buy any instructions. Board University publishing or editing
over the copyright as described below.
1.introductory concept
Copyright basics begins with the following definition .
Copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws two the author of original work of outhrr
ship including literary dermatic musical artist and certain other intellectual works this
protection is available to both published and unpublished works.
D copyright means.
They reproduce the work in copies or;
They prepare derivative works based upon the work;
To display the work publicly in the case of literary musical dermatique and choreographer quirk
fentimans and tectorial graphics for total works including the individual image of a motion
picture or other audio visual work and in the case of sound recording to perform the work
publicly by mean of a digital audio transmission.
Copyright protection subsist from the time the work is created in fixed form. The corporate in
the work of authorship immediately becomes the property of the author who created the
work..
Copyright in each separate contribution to a para medical or other collective work is distance
from copy right in the collective work as a whole and vests initiallyy with the author of the
contribution

Section to look into

Section ownership principal
From a legal perspective. All copyright words made by any institution board
University employee within the scope of his or her employment begin as works
made for hire and are initially oven by the the IBU. As has been the tradition at I
see you and most of its peer institutions, d i science Day corporate in such works
to their creators unless one more .. special cricumstantces”exit . The special
circumstances most cancers that case the BU to retain copyright ownership are
set forth in section below works for which special circumstances exist
Section 2 special circumstances in which day I relations copyright owner ship
D I retain the ownership of copyright work created by one or more of sight
employee within the scope of their employment whenever at least one of the
following special cricumstantces applies:
Section 3 I be authors of works oven by m s u
For the purpose of this policy and I be you author of a work is any one of the
following who in the scope of his her employment at the I b u author or creates
either alone or in collaboration with others I b u owned work
A. Faculty member.
B. Specialist
C. Liberation
D. Exactive manager
E. Research fellow
Section 4
External constraints on copyright ownership
Copyrighted work created by IBu employee and produced under grants to
the eye from the Federal government or other external funding sources

Section 5
Internal use of IBU oven works
Each use of a ibu Pawan work by any of the ibu shall be subject to the
following conditions
1. Use internal to the IBu requires approval of the unit 3 marilee
responsible for the creation of the owen work. Such approval will be
made employee kit when the sponsoring unit agrees to storage and
distribution by the eye and if the sponsoring unit shadules cours and
asin instructional duties to which the ibu of an instructional work is
relevant.
2. As long as faculty member who is an author of IB you over and material
that was not directly commissioned by the remains a member of the
faculty of the his approval shall be required for internal use of the IBu
often work and his contribution should we expect Lee acknowledged by
the ibu user
Transfer of rides to Ibu author
If the I disconnect use of ibd oven instructional materials in their
accepting from far more than two years if no revision is in process if the
IPU is not otherwise bound by grant or contract and if all living I BU
authors of the instructional materials so request in writing the I you shall
transfer the copyrights in such instructions materials to the author’s
provided that the author shall be required to pay all cost associated with
the transfer including expenses associated with copying mailing and
handling duplicates and copyright transfer,but not include original costs
of production.

Q.3 the digital electronic book are preferred over printed

textbooks as a teacher highlight your concerns regarding the
effectiveness of using electronic or printed books at
secondary level students in Pakistan

Ans: in this modern area of the 21st century the paper book is vanishing add the
digital or electronic book is coming into practice. Textbook development is also
giving place to the electronic or a textbook to be used in computer assisted teaching.
The whole textbook is provided in a compact disc CD and used in a computer. It is
also called cyber attacks book. D e text books are also available on internet.

The very first e book in Urdu come into creation in 2002 by Mr obaidullah kehaer
entitled dariya dariya Wadi Wadi. It is a book on travelogue of science Pakistan.
Www show a variety of books on different websites, not every amazon.com book
fair .com all books store.com page page.com etc
10 a book requires the following question for discussion.
1. What are the minimal requirements which contents and structure of electronic
textbook have to meet
2. What software should be applied to create ET for distribution on CD room
3. What are the interface requirements
4. What subjects are more suitable for creating ET

Internet electronic textbook educational technologies digital book cd-roms HTML

www computer language cyber text books multimedia are the keywords to be
used in this context.
Opn or digital textbook
An open textbook is an openly license textbook offered online by its authors. The
open license sad song open textbook apart from traditional text books by
allowing a user to read online download or print the book at no additional cost.
Open textbook are increasingly seen as a potential solution to some of the
challenge with the traditional textbook publishing model. For a textbook to be
considered open it must be licence in a way that grants a baseline set of rights to
user that are less restrictive than its standard copyright. A licence or list of user
that are less restrictive than its standard copyright. A licence aur list of
permissions must be clearly stated by the author.

Generally the minimum baseline rides allow user at least the following.

To use their textbook without compensation the author

To copy the text book with appropriate credit to the author.
To distribute the text book known America li.
To shift the textbook into author format such as digital or print

Since upon*** textbook can be used at no cost and printed at the cost of
production
The use of open textbooks would reduce the cost of education significantly.
Open text books are also seen by advocates as potential commission in the
textbook market.
Open textbox are flexible in their traditional textbooks are not which gives
instruction more freedom to use them in the way that best meets their
instructional needs.
One common frustration with traditional textbook is the frequency of new
edition which force the instructor of modify the curriculum to the new book.
Any open textbook can be used to identify and li so in instructor need licence to
allow modification. This means that instructor can add remove or alert the
content to better fit a course needs. Furthermore the cost of textbooks can in
some case contribute to the quality of instruction when students are not able to
purchase required materials.
 They digital textbook program was announced by the education minister of
South Korea on March 8 2007. The digital textbook is currently being tested in
several primary school and will be distributed free to every school nationwide
bye 2013.
Digital textbooks can be defined as cortex books for students with which
students can learn contents that are tailored to their abilities and interest. Digital
textbooks offer various interactive function and provide the learner with a
combination of text books reference books workbooks destiny and multimedia
contents such as video clips animation and virtual reality.

E textbooks and their benefit.

. Traditional tax book
. Course pack
. electronic textbook
E textbooks have the potential to embed decision and interactivity. They can be
searched and. The professor and student code annotate the text adding
comments and question and personal examples. Some online courses today
require student to purchase and a textbook.

traditional and electronic textbook

The possibilities for electronic textbooks remain largely unexploded today. Electronic textbook
have the potential to add decision and interactivity.
They can be searched and spoken. The teacher and student code annotate the text adding
comments and question and personal examples.
Some online courses today requires students to purchase online etextbook how would you feel
about paying for electronic access to an online book rather than buying a printed copy how do
you feel about reading online compare to reading print?
Do you prefer to read a text book or a course pack? One research study found that
undergraduate students would prefer a printed text book but graduate students find the ability
to search filling enough to went b e book.

Converting the textbook from print to electronic format

Using multimedia components and an electronic format .the various features of
the traditional print textbook can be replaced by a variety of diverse and
interactive media.
A well design electronic textbooks provides lerner interactivity and is more
adaptable to a variety of learning style

E Book in the classroom

Until recently classrooms had reminded virtually unchanged for nearly 100 years.
Desk ok were arranged in neat rows facing a chalkboard at the front of the room
students took notes on paper and read from printed text book

Things started to change with the advent of whiteboard and projection

equipment and even more recently individual or personal computers.
The trend is continue and the next casualty of the technology revolution appears
to be the printed text book.
Digital owal. A winter Park Florida based software company is one of the first to
venture into the fledglink digital textbook market
The company is sponsoring a Florida digital textbook in iterative replacing
traditional textbook at several Florida school with a textbook on laptop and ebook
reading devices
Tomorrow teacher
The posting below provides some instruction fact while also raising some
important issue regarding student and faculty use of textbook textbook retreat
renaissance or revolution?
Steven Gilbert says
Is there really a revolution in the educational uses of information technology?
Does the growing use technology replace supplement or increase the use of
textbook and other print? How can the text book and college publishing
industry be flourishing when so many more students are refusing to buy or keep
books?
It is the future of tax book published in English grossest on other content
As a teacher highlights your concerns regarding the effectiveness of using
electronic or printed books at secondary level students in Pakistan
E book…ant prnt book compire
Easy to read . Print book

Potrtable. Print book

Intrectiv .no print book
Print bok is not to searchable.
No easy to update
No embed discussion
Update market yes
Unlimited length no
Unlimited graphics no
Include vdo no
Include adio no

E book

No easy to read
No portable
E book is intrectiv
E book is searchable
Easy to update
Embed discussion yes
E bok unlimited in market
Unlimited graphics .
Include adio
Include vdo