OO sce Wl” INFig. 8.20, the sig AB, . ae ral P, Qand R respectiog "BC and A triangte Age, " : ; ee cine Oana P R B Q Fig. 8.29 - Prove that: i) AB+CQ= AC + BQ 1 (ii) Area (AABC) = 3 Perimeter of AABC) x + [CBSE 2013) nau We know that lengths of tangents drawn from an external Point to acircle are AP = AR, BP = BO ang CQ=crR ) AB+CO= AP + PB+cQ = AR+BQ+cQ [AP = ARand PB = BQ] = (AR +CR)+ BQ ECQ = cr] = AC +BQ [AR +CR = acy ti) Area (AABC) = Area (AOBC) Atea(SOAB) + Area (AOAC) Sj $c *0Q)+ fas OP) + plac on _ diac xr)+ diap xr) +tuac xr) 2 2 a =F (BC + AB + AC) xr S (Perimeter of AABC) x r 2 in tangent AMPLE 8 In p18: 8.21, tzo circles touch each otherat the point C. Prove that the common lange thecircles at C bisects the common tangent at Pand Q. coer Ein, 8.21812 MATHEMAT; . x SOLUTION Weknow that the tangents drawn from an external point to a circle Areequal - RP = RCand RC = RQ RP = RQ Ris the mid-point of PQ \voLt © Acirele touches all thefour sides ofa quadrilateral ABCD. Prove that: ON AB ¥CD = BC +DA INCERT, CBSE 2008, 2009, 2012, 2013, 29 14, 2015 » SOLUTION Since tangents drawn from an exterior point to acircle are equal inten 217) AP = AS [From A] e BP = BQ (From a) q CR=CQ [From c] iy and, DR=DS [From D] i Fig. 8,22 Adding (), (i), (ii) and (iv), we get AP + BP +CR+ DR = AS + BQ+CQ+Ds > (AP + BP) +(CR+ DR) = (AS + DS) +(BQ+ CQ) > AB +CD = AD +BC Hence, AB+CD =BC+DA SAMBLE 10 Ifalexagon ABCDEF circumscribes acircle, prove that AB+CD+EF = BC +DE+FA. SOLUTION Let Obe [NCERT EXEMPLAR R,S, Tand Urespect ‘the centre of the circle ‘touching sides AB, BC, CD, , DE, EF and FAat?, ively. The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point toacirceat? equal E Ss D fp ~ v R ( )) c v Q WN 7 A P B Fig. 8.23 AP = AU, BP = BQ,CQ = CR, DR = DS, ES = ET and FU = FT813 f we cD - EF p = PB)~ (CR ~ DR) +(ET + TF) 2 (AP eal =PB)=(CQ=DS)=CES+ Fu) [* = all ~ FU) = (BQ + CQ) = (Ds + ES) BC+ DE = BC ~DE+FA Lat sdenote the semi perimeter ofa triangle ABC in which BC= a, CA=band AB=c. isthe sides BC, CA, ABat D,E, F respectively, prove that AF=AE=5~4,BD=BF=s-bandCD=CE=s-c, — |NCERT EXEMPLAR The lengths of tangents drawn from anexternal Point toa circle are equal. pTIO: A= AE,BD = BF and CD =CE AP = AU, PB = BQ,CR = CQ, DR = DS, ET = ES, FT = FU Fig. 8.24 = 2s=BC+CA+AB + 2s = (BD + DC) + (CE + AE) +(AF + BF) 2s =(BD + DC) +(CD + AF) + (AF + BD) 2s = 2(BD + DC) + 2AF 2s = 2BC + 2AF 2a+ 2AE =S-a = AF = AE x AF = BC+CALAB 25=(BD + CD) +(CE + AB) + (AF + FB) r=6-¢ arbre 2 r — 2 lit Poe (py, ("iif #26, AB and CD arecommon tangents to two circles of unequal rp that AB=CD. [NCERT EXE} proth tat P. The lengths of tangents drawn from —_ DAMON Produce AB and CD to me two cisches are equal.815 Fig. 8.26 pA=PC and PB = PD pA- PB = PC- PD = ‘AB=CD oa \4 fall the side ofa parallelogram touch a circle, show ita the parallelogram isa bus OR 1 a parallelogram circumscribing a circle is a rhombus INCERT, CBSE 2000C, 2002, 2008, 2012, 2013, 2014] sowuTION Let. ABCD bea parallelogram such that its sides D R c fuchacirclewith centreO. Weknow that the tangents toa circle from an exterior point prove tha sreequalinlength. AP = AS [From A] BP = BQ [From B] cR=CQ [From C] and, DR = DS [From D] ding (i), (i), (ii) and (iv), we get AP + BP +CR + DR = AS +BQ +CQ+ DS = (AP +BP)+(CR+ DR) =(AS+DS) +(BQ+CQ) = AB+CD = AD+ BC = 2AB=2BC [- ABCD isa parallelogram .. AB = CD and BC = AD] > AB=BC Hae, 4B = BC = CD = AD “se, ABCD is a rhombus. inn 5 PAand PBare tangents from P to the circle with centre O. At point M, a tangent is Saltng PA at Kand PB at N. Prove that KN = AK + BN. OL J ene oN We know that the tangents drawn from an Point to a circle are equal in length. PA = PB [From P] (i) ag, A= kM [From K] valli) hiding V8 = NM [From N] «a (iii) "Ui and (i), we get KAS NB= KM+NMwoth ew 8.16 AK + BN = KM+ MN => => AK + BN = KN pxampir i6 ABCD isa quadrilateral such that ZD = 90°. Acircle C(O, r) touches the sia, les , If BC= 38 cm, CD =25cm and BP = ‘Dand DAat P,Q, Rand § respectively. If BC= 38 em, m =27 cnt Sides gy | sSionon Since aoe toa circle is perpendicular to the radius through the nar S| F ZORD = ZOSD = 90° Itis given that ZD = 90°. Also, OR = OS. Therefore, ORDS is a square. Since tangents from an exterior point to a circle are equal in length. BP = BQ CQ=CR and, DR = DS. Now, BP = BQ BQ=27 BC - CQ = 27 38-CQ=27 CQ =11em [» BP = 27 cm (Given)] [s BC = 38cm] CR =11cm [- CR =CQ] CD-DR=11 25-DR=11 DR=14cm But, ORDS isa square. Therefore, OR=DR=14cm. Hence, r= 14cm. EXAMPLE 17 Prove that the tangents at the extremities of any chord make equal angles with the chord. {NCERT EXEMPLAR! SOLUTION Let AB bea chord ofa circle with centre O, and let AP and BP be the tangentsat and B respectively. Suppose the tangents meet at P. Join OP. Suppose OP meets ABatC.We havetoprove that ZPAC = ZPBC. In triangles PCA and PCB, we have [+ CD = 25m) I TO hm Fig. 8.30ee a 817 aD [- Tangents from an external point are equal ] YANC = ZBPC [+ PA and PB are equally inclined to oP] PC = PC i [Common] ands” js-criterionof congruence, we obtain py $A Son APAC = APBC ZPAC = ZPBC 2 “wnt Froman a point. ‘vo tangents PA and PB are drawn to the circle with centre 1 pati OP the perpendicular bsectorof AB . [CBSE 2015] ATPQ is an isosceles triangle. 16 > ZTPQ = ZTOP naTPQ, we have Q 4TPQ + LTQP + ZPTQ = 180° = 22TPQ = 180° - ZPTQ Fig. 8.32 > ZTPQ = 99° 32erQ 3 1 “Gi 74PTQ = 90° - ZTPQ ~ Since, OP 1 Tp, OP? ~ PR? = 5? _ 2 > an. In right triangles PRT and OPT, we have TP? = TR? + PR2 and, OT? = TP? + Op? > = (TR? + PR?) + Op? > (¥+3P =y? 416425 > by = 32 au > 7 16 = TR= OT 1 PQ and OP bisects PQ, PR=QR=4cm. In od triangle ORP, we have OP? = OR? + PR? 1? = OP? — PR? = 25-16 = 9 > OR = 3m. In triangles TRP and PRO, we have 4TPR + ZPTR = 90° and ZTPR + ZRPO = 90° >819 Z7PR + ZPTR = ZTPR + ZRPO Uj ZRPO > R= 2 ZIRP = ZORP = 90° AS ee PR {Common] ATRP ~ APRO fe : TP ao Gs = 7P = lon i 2a Fig 8.34 and m are too parallel tangentsat Aand B, The tangent at C makes an en gi DE even land m. Prove that “DFE = 90°. (NCERT, CBSE 2000, 2013, 2019] ifeifon Since tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal. Therefore sul . 14D. gles ADF and DFC, we have us ee De : | DF = DF Common] AR =CF [Radi of the same circle] aby 5s5-criterion of congruence, we obtain "Ny ADF = ADFC c >» ZADF = ZCDF m > 2ADC = 2. ZCDF i) cae Sinilarly, we can prove that Fig. 8.34 ZBEF = 4CEF = “CEB=2ZCEF ..- il) Sum of the interior angles on th ide of Now, ZADC + ZCEB = 180° eee is 180° : coe ] > 2.LCDF +2 ZCEF = 180° [Using equations (i) and (ii) } > LODE + ZCEF = 9° i CDF, CCEF and ZDFE are angles of a triangle 2 ey |. CDF + ZCEF + ZDFE = 180° > LDFE = 90° a | 22 Prove that the angle between two tangents drawn from anexternal point toa circle is entary to theangle subtended by the line segments joining the points of contact at the centre. TON 1 ' INCERT] oan a PAand PB be two tangents drawn from an external point P toa circle with cee have to prove that angles ZAOBand ZAPB are supplementary i.e. APB = 180°. "ht tangles OAPand OBP, wehave [Tangents drawn from an external point are equal ] {Each equal to radius] [Common] P YS ctiters "SSS-titesion ofcongruence, we obtain —8.20 Mics, x | PI A04P is right triangle) 2. ZAOP = 180° ~ 2 ZOPA : > 4AOB = 180° — ZAPB [Using (yy > ZAOB + ZAPB = 180° Type III BASED ON THE RESULT THAT THE TANGENT TO A CIRCLE AT A POINT Is PERPENDICULAR TO THE RADIUS THROUGH THE POINT FXAMPLE 25 Show that tangent ines at theend points of adiameter of a circle are parallel, (CBSE 2014, 2017, NcERT) SOLUTION — Let AB bea diameter of a given circle, and let PQ and RS be the tangent lines drawn to the circle at points A and B Tespectively. Since tangent at a point to a circle Perpendicular to the radius through the point. R B Ss | 4O P A Q | Fig. 8.36 o AB L PQand AB L RS > ZPAB = 90° and ZABS = 90° > ZPAB = ZABS es] = PQURS [-- ZPAB and ZABS are altemate ~ 0 EXAMPLE 24 In two concentric circles, prove that a chord of larger circle smaller circles bisected at the point of contact. AB beacho!® SOLUTION — Let O be the common centre of two con-centric circles, and le the larger circle touching the smaller circle at P. ich is tange! wh cose2n a!821 pc RC Fig. 8.37 yin isthe radius of thesmaller circle and AB isa tangent to this circle at a point P. since LAB at ie perpendicular drawn from the centre of acircle to any chord of the circle, weer pechord-S0, be op L AB 5. Apa eP soce, ABisbisected at P. ‘nie 25 In two concentric circles, a chord of length 24 cm of larger circle becomes a tangent to su jecircle whose radius is 5 om. Find the radius othe larger circle, e Let Obe the centre of concentric circles and APB be the chord of length 24cm, of soLUTION 7 heaegor circle touching the smaller circle at P. Then, OP . ABand P is the mid-point of AP = PB= 12cm Fig. 8.38 hAOPA, we have OA? = OP? + AP? OA? = 5 4.12? = 169 = OA=13cm se theradius of the smaller circle is 13 cm. [giMPLE 26. Two concentric circles are of radii 5 cmand 3 cm. Find the length of the chord of the rrcilehick touches the smaller circle eal ION Let Oe the centre of the concentric circles of radii 5 cm and 3.cm respectively. chord of the larger circle touching the smallercircle at P. Then AP = PBand OP | AB ‘ing Pythagoras theorem in AOPA , we have {By Pythagoras Theorem] > =