National College of Business

Administration and
Economics

ASSIGNMENT ON
ETHICS
LEADERSHIP
COMMUNICATION IN
IMPLEMENTATION OF TQM

PRESENTED TO
MR.AMJAD GHAFOOR

PRESENTED BY: Muhammad Abuzar

REGISTRATION ID: 2081183

 ETHICS IN DECISION MAKING

Ethics in Decision Making

Ethical Decision Criteria

– Utilitarianism
• Seeking the greatest good for the greatest number.
– Rights
• Respecting and protecting basic rights of individuals such as
whistleblowers.
– Justice
• Imposing and enforcing rules fairly and impartially.

Ethics in Decision Making

Ethics and National Culture

– There are no global ethical standards.

– The ethical principles of global organizations that reflect and respect local
cultural norms are necessary for high standards and consistent practices.

Ethics in Social Life

As far as ethics in social life is concerned, it deals with the civilization, norms, &
ethnicity of any economy through which the economy and people living in that economy
can be easily recognized. Every economy has its different cultures and traditions that
reflect the way of their living etc.
LEADERSHIP

What Is Leadership?

Leadership

The ability to influence a group toward the achievement of goals.

Contingency Variables in the Revised

Leader-Participation Model

 Importance of the decision

 Importance of obtaining follower commitment to the decision
 Whether the leader has sufficient information to make a good decision
 How well structured the problem is
 Whether an autocratic decision would receive follower commitment
 Whether followers “buy into” the organization’s goals
 Whether there is likely to be conflict among followers over solution
alternatives
 Whether followers have the necessary information to make a good decision
 Time constraints on the leader that may limit follower involvement
 Whether costs to bring geographically dispersed members together is justified
 Importance to the leader of minimizing the time it takes to make the decision
 Importance of using participation as a tool for developing follower decision
skills
 IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION IN
IMPLEMENTATION OF
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Communication

Communication involves at least two parties--the speaker and the listener. Sometimes
there are third parties: in-between people who carry messages from one person to another
or the media
Communication involves at least two parties--the speaker and the listener. Sometimes
there are third parties: in-between people who carry messages from one person to another
or the media

“Communication is simply mutual understanding”

Stephen Covey

“The most important thing in communication is to hear

what isn't being said.”
Peter Drucker

IMPOTANCE IN IMPLEMENTATION OF TQM

It is very important from TQM implementation perspective as to maintain quality there

should be the proper communication between all the departments, working in an
enterprise. As the TQM deals not only with one area in an enterprise therefore it is not
possible to cope without effective communication between all the departments so that the
quality of the product or services offered by the company can be more effectively used.