Coal mining midterm2
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1. 1.Coal is found
2.Coal is crushed into thin
powder
3.Powder is burned in the
boiler
4.Hot gases and heat
change water to steam
5.Steam travels to turbine
and causes the propellers
to pin at high speed
6.At the end of turbine,
there is a generator which
contains coils which spins
and produce electricity
7.Electricity is distributed by
power grid lines
2. 15% 8.5 million
3. Aliphatic (H2S) aromatic and
thiophenic
4. 75%
5. By-product
non-recovery (heat
recovery)
6. 1. It produce the heat
required for smelting,
2. It supplies CO gas for
reducing iron ore, and
3. It also supplies the
carbon which dissolves in
molten pig iron
7. 1. Cementation process
2. Crucible process
3. Bessemer converter
process
4. Open-hearth process
5. L.D. process
6. Electric arc process
8. Cementation process
SUMMARY for Power 9. Crucible process It is actually a refining process for the
Generation(7) steel obtained from cementation
process.
10. Acid Bessemer Two types of Bessemer process(2)
process
Basic Bessemer
process
11. Open-hearth the hearth and the solid charge
process materials resting in the hearth are open
to the direct action of the flames.
12. L.D. process In this process instead of air, oxygen is
blown from above the surface of the
molten bath which is contained in a
basic lined converter.
13. Electric arc furnace consists of a shell which is a welded
In 2009, coal accounted for __ process or riveted steel plate construction and
of the country' s primary has a cylindrical sauce pan like shape.
energy supply, equivalent to
14. Iron making a blast furnace is fed with the iron ore,
____ tones of coal
coke and small quantities of fluxes
3 Types of sulfur (minerals, such as limestone, which are
used to collect impurities).
Philippines depends on 15. Secondary Involves treating the molten steel
imports for about __ of its coal Steelmaking produced from both BOS and EAF
supply in the international routes to adjust the steel composition.
seaborne market buyer.
16. stirring secondary steelmaking processes(5)
Coke is made by two ladle furnace
processes(2) ladle injection
degassing
Functions of Metallurgical CAS-OB
Coke(3) (Composition
Adjustment by
Sealed argon
bubbling with
Oxygen Blowing)
17. Continuous Casting In this step, the molten steel is cast
Several methods employed for into a cooled mold causing a thin steel
producing steel from pig iron: shell to solidify.
(6) 18. Primary Forming The steel that is cast is then formed
into various shapes, often by hot
rolling, a process that eliminates cast
defects and achieves the required
shape and surface quality.
bars of wrought iron are 19. shaping Manufacturing, Fabrication, and
arranged in a brick machining Finishing(6)
compartment of the furnace joining
with charcoal between and coating
around them. heat treatment
surface treatment
20. Cement is made from a mixture of calcium 29. Cooling Clinkers are cooled by means of forced air in
carbonate (generally in the form of and final which it releases the absorbed heat and cool
limestone), silica, iron-oxide and alumina. grinding down to lower temperature.
> is the basic ingredient of construction > is carried out in a grinding mill filled with steel
and the most widely used construction balls. Steel balls tumble and grind the clinker
material into a very fine powder.
21. 1. Raw material PHASES OF CEMENT MANUFACTURING 30. Packing Material is directly conveyed to the silos from
extraction/quarry. PROCESS(6) and the grinding mills
2. Grinding, shipping
proportioning
31. Silos are large storage tanks of cement
and blending
3. Pre-heater 32. Coking is converted to coke by driving off impurities to
phase coal leave almost pure carbon
4. Kiln phase
5. Cooling and
final grinding
6. Packing and
shipping
22. Raw material Cement uses raw material that cover
extraction calcium, silicon, iron and aluminum. Such
raw materials are limestone, clay and
sand.
23. Grinding, The raw materials from quarry are routed
proportioning in plant laboratory where, they are
and blending analyzed and proper proportioning of
limestone and clay are making possible
before the beginning of grinding.
24. Pre-heater phase After final grinding, the material is ready
to face the pre-heating chamber, which
consists of series of vertical cyclone
from where the material passes before
facing the kiln.
25. Kiln phase The raw material is heated up to 1450 ̊C
and a chemical reaction so called
decarbonation begins.
>Kiln is heating up from the exit side by
the use of coal. When material reaches
the lower part of the kiln, it forms the
shape of clinker.
26. Kiln is a huge rotating furnace also called as
the heart of the cement making process.
27. Direct firing the coal is milled on-line with the
system pulverized coal being directly fed to the
kiln burner.
28. Indirect firing the coal is milled off-line and is stored in
system a bin from which it is fed to the kiln
burner.