Adjusting pH in Water using Baking Soda

Pure or distilled water has a pH level of 7, which means it is neutral. If you want to
increase the pH of water, you must add an alkaline substance, such as baking
powder, to it. If you want to decrease the pH of water, you add an acidic substance,
such as lemon juice, to it.

As an example, it's important to keep pH levels steady in the water in an aquarium

because even minor changes to pH can have severe health effects on fish. A high
(alkaline) pH can affect a fish's gills and can be fatal. A low (acidic) pH can increase
toxic elements in the aquarium, lead to eye damage and hyperplasia (thickening of
skin and gills) and can also be fatal. Never make large, sudden changes to the pH in
an aquarium. Adding 1 teaspoon of baking soda per 5 gallons of water is a safe
amount for tiny increases if the pH is too low. Put peat moss into a mesh bag and add
it to the filter to gradually lower a dangerously high pH.

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COMPUTATION FOR ADDING ACID

M1V1+ M2V2 = M3(V1 + V2)

In this equation, “M1” is the molarity of the acid, “V 1” is the volume of the acidic
solution, “M2” is the molarity of the water and “V 2” is the volume of the water. M 3 is the
molarity of the desired pH level. Converting this equation to solve for “V 1” yields the
following equation:

V1 = (M3V2 – M2V2)/(M1 – M3).

Where molarity can be computed:

Molarity = -10^[pH]
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