SECOND EDITION UCHSTONE STUDENT'S BOOK © MICHAEL MCCARTHY JEANNE MCCARTEN HELEN SANDIFORD Hj CAMBRIDGE {gy UNIVERSITY PRESSsoe amie a TT CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS +32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013 Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence www.cambridge.org Touchstone Second Edition Harmon Hall Edition © Cambridge University Press 2016 ‘Adapted from Touchstone Second Edition © Cambridge University Press 2014 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press, First published 2016 Reprinted 2016 Printed in Dubai by Oriental Press ISBN 978-1-316-61164-7 Student’s Book Level 4 Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred (0 in th and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, oF Wi accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel ctual information given in this work is correct at the time of ‘Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy thereafter.‘Unitt Interesting pages 1-10 Learning outcomes {Ash questions to get to know someone teitintevesting stoies about my ie igheht Hey moments ima story Wighlight important information in a story Understand a conversation about an accident Understand a podcast about an athlete's ite story ead about a person who overcame an obstacle Wate an anecdote about ‘Simple and continuous verb ese) Verb complements: ver « (ing 010 « vero + Verbs allowed by very» ing 01 t+ vers Tak about my tastes in clothes and fashion Compare how people look diferent overtime Describe pattems, materials, and styles a clothing Show | understand by summarizing what people ay Use Now ta introduce follow up questions Understand people discussing food, music. and movies Understand people discussing tends Read an atc about how to develop 9 personal ste Wie interview questions and answers * Colors, patterns, ma and stles of eothing unl Negative questions xte proctice Talk about my county's cultural waditions Talk about manners, customs, aed appropriate behaviorin my country se expressions the fo be honest sound more diect Use ofcourse t show | understand oF agree Understand a conversation about ving away rom home Understand peopte explaining proverbs Read an article about proverbs a eal alta ia tae aaa tae +a = The imple present passive 1 er «ing and 10+ vers + Position of not xtre procice + Manders, cost culturally appropiate behaviorhgh ey moments «use this and ese pie important people, nras. and tents ina story Sommarsing nes people + Use now introduce fol up question ona dierent asoet of opi + Use enpresions ike facto sound more nec, when you speak + Useofcoursetogie surpis Youunderstand or gree + Check your understanding by using statement questions tape, tocheckyour Understanding, Sam 3 eonelsion ‘Organize you views with | epee ke Fr (ofan + Use ars 2 gooa point toshow someone has 2 ‘ald anpument 4 + Repeat your ideas in snot nay to make vourmeaning eat * Usejsctomae your rearing svonges or soter We got robbed! ese smelt world! Atwckyescope acing a chalenge ‘Brood estes listen ang choose Dest responses, Keeping op with tends bout tends, ety the tops they discuss, ‘Arey from home + Usten toa woman tak out being aay tom home, anachoose ue overt proverbs + iste to people tak about proverbs: number fnd match the with nation equivalents Going out + Ustento a couple iscussing her evering plans Exrovet or introvert? Tae a quiz then inten toa woman describe her social sve, an answer the quits she would + Listen toa conversation ansmer questions and Different points of view stn toa debat answer questions. and respordto diferent ansmer questions wcky or nor? «Listen to people a about supersitions Gecide tings ae chy for uucky we down the supersitions| + ‘how to sevtop your persone style sie * proverbs: The wisdom thot binds us together + Ao article about he Checkpoint Units Amagarine article about beokon intoverts lsng ina extovertes society 1 your smortphone 00 | smart for your own good? Invasions of pouacy ‘Separated a birth then ‘apply eunted tach other ater grown opin aieren adootve Contents and learning outcomes SEY ‘+ wete a story about» + Format or wing an |= Explain prover’ «+ Write an article about your lie 1-3 pages 31-32 ctrovert or Introvert? both Posting 2 comment one web oricle ‘Amazing fomly stories Checkpoint Units 4-6 pages 63-64 forms tra cam fom ‘lve suede shoes + Find and abel pica wer pope? = Grove wore Dicuss fvestions about current tastes have change: Travel evaverte Traditions Pass onthemessoge Get this! + Ciassactvy Paya © Express nosh get same where you 9835 rough another Do you agree? es ocrime! What do you believe in? Keep you fingers crossLearning outcomes Unit7 [+ rstouigsyounvecerpane ores " '* Talk about things that need to be fixed + Use sho serencsinfomalconesatos > Use expressions ike Uh-oh when something goes Pages 65-74 | viens - * Understand a conversation about planning an event * Uncerstand peoplerai abou things they need tox + Read an article about problemsoling sil + Write a proposal presenting a solution ta problem. + Causative get and hove + need« passive infinitive and need + verb +-ing Extra proctice * Household problems Unit 8 * Tle hypothetically about reactions and behavior + Descrve emotions and personal qualities + Speculateavoutthe past, + Share experiences Behavior pages 75-84 + Use ie in informa conversations + Uncerstand people sharing experiences * Understand a conversation about ride behavior + Read an artcleon making apologies + ite a note of apology Unit + Pastmodals would hove, ‘should have, could have xtra practice + Pastmodals for speculation * Emotions and personat ‘ualities * Expressions d behavior scribing 1 Talk about possessions and matenulom * Discus money manegement * Repon things that peope ssid and asted * Repor the conten of conversations * Quote athe: people o sources of formation 1 Understandan intenien about possessions 1 Siderstand people say what ther couldn’ ve wihout * Reed aBog abou dectteing * We survey article about possessions Material world Pages 85-94 * Reported speech + Reported questions xtra proctice | * Expressions to deserbe ‘vmnetship and possession + Money Checkpoint 1 Bk Prvotetialy about the pastesingflvaey 1 Tak about elebties and being famouy, * Use tag questions io + Use ag questons io Wve Viens or check nfrmation soften advice ‘wer iia questions * Understand someone giving advice Reagan atice about cid stare Wate a pro oa successful person Toth about social changes {ate stout environmental problems Link ideas ath expressions te eth ‘morderto, nd instead mah arity 1 frat ons made carkerinthecomeratin * Use forma vague expressions + nce tanga discuss Read ana ‘on about workplace trends, Ye about succes vate inemet Unit 12 Dasning andiob prospeciy lmportantnformation Tals about my ftue cater pong Use expressions on 53y aon know Hishigne Careers Pages 117-126 Hoduce what say to Invalve others * Understand a discus #10 advertisement é * BeBaNg Io ab inteniew 0" jab satiation Reagan aticie abou Wote a cover ete Petiect form ofthe verte talk hypothetical about the past + Tap questions xtra practice * Passive of resent Continuous and present Pesece + Unione iteas Extra prectice * What isusesanatong~ oun phrases as subjects * The future Faure pete Ente prectce ct ‘ontinuous and Units 7~9 Pages 95-96 * Use felauses with the past * Expressions to describe becoming famous, being famous, andosing tone * Bxpressionse describe Spa change é * Environmental probiens 5, [+ Eapesionstoescbes | Spats | search ¥ | * Areas ofwork rotessions, | gaurd rt shee |e |«+ Use eapression the nent ana Oops! when something oes wore ae Wedaing one buéget inedaing: chek wnat Developing your ‘problem sting sits Interesting pote Contents and teavning ovtcomos ‘A goo solution + Fomat tor resenting ms teonen com enh Bd RENE 5; aemmmmmmmmemmmmmie 3. Se! ste Laer ee ee Loe etd mae problem and its solution ‘sentences, “enpacnrnen | = eeaeiton chs" Sintarepenes "Aptis Te ey Tow didyoeeti Prop woching ‘That reminds me (of). © Listen totwo people share elataiaing friendship —» Write an em “+ Group work: Tella story © Learn new vocabulary by a soup) word thar 1 Userdontinonif 10 Afobulousoppertuniy! mb ewer er cmerborab ithe seme inroduceasiatemen "Compete bad, nd vo welascomnen| “dinvlve te ther Color avorsto expana besonintheropie Uistents check and , Checkpoint Units 10-12 pages 127-128 eertwe? We're ready now, aren’t we? ‘Are we ready? Let’s get started. Haver't | interviewed you already? I've already interviewed you, haven't I? Where are we? We're on number We haven't quite finished yet. We still need more time ~ just a few more minutes, One interesting thing we found out wasthat___ —toldusthat_ Checking with the teacher Would it be all right if! missed our class tomorrow? | have to I'm sorry | missed the last class, What do | ne. to do to catch up? When are we supposed to hand in ourhoman Y Se Excuse me. My homework needs to I'm sorry, | haven't finished my homewors. >) Iwas going to do it last night, but is "means*_ It’s a regular verb, isn’t it? 'm not sure | understand what we Could you explain the activity ———S Could | please be excusedhg OE Wie Pour ee Getto know your * Tell your life story Highlight key moments Premera occ LC [apo i Pca Pd re ee ee PTE UC OC n on Pe eet tuned Pre roca Po In what way are these people’s lives interesting? Do you know anyone who does things like these? Pr ea odEnglish Department News PT ahi eye ty How long have you been living here? Tye been living in Mexico City for five years. I came here to go originally. I's a great place to live Have you ever lived in another country? No, havent. But my brother has, He's been living in Bogot, Colo almost a year now. 'm.going to visit him later this year. What kind of music are you listening to currently? Well, of course | love Latin music. I'm listening to a lot of Latin j now. | like to listen to music when | paint. What's your favorite way of spending an evening? What doy Ilike to go out with my friends ~ we go and eat someplace an dancing all night! do? When did you last buy yourself a treat? Last week, actually. | was at a friend’s art studio, and | fell in Ic her paintings. So! bought it What did you do for your last birthday? | went home and had a big party with my family. What's the nicest thing anyone has ever done for you? Actually, about six months ago, | was complaining to my dad t know how to drive, so he paid for some driving lessons. Who or what is the greatest love of your life? Oh, chocolate! I can’t get through the day without some. What were you doing at this time yesterday? Iwas sitting on a bus. We were stuck in traffic for an hour! a Getting started A Doyou know someone that other people should get to know? Tell the class about" “You really should get to know my friend Frank. He's...” B 4) 102 Listen and read. Do you have anything in common with Melida? Tell a partne" Figure] ye 2HIE C Choose the best verb form to complete the questions. Use the interview above 10 hel? Then ask and answer the questions with a partner. : What book do you read / are you reading currently? - What did you do / were you doing for your last birthday? Have you ever been living / lived in the United States? Rearen aQA Grammar simpie and continuous verbs (review) 4)) 10 ‘Simple verbs are for completed actions oF permanent situations, Present What kind of music do you listen to? Hove Latin music. listen to it a lot. Present Have you ever lived in another country? Interesting ives ee Continuous verbs are for ongoing actions or temporary situations. What kind of music are you listening to currently? Mm listening to a lot of Latin jaz right now. How long have you been living here? Perfect No, 've never lived anywhere else. I've been living here for five years, Past What did you do for your last birthday? What were you doing at this time yesterday? Iwent home and had a big party. Iwas sitting on a bus. A Complete the conversations. Use the simple or continuous form of the verb in the present, present perfect, or past. Sometimes, more than one answer is possible. Then practice. 1, A What ___hai ¢___you _ been doing (do) for fun lately? B Welt (take) kickboxing classes for the past few months. It’s a lot of fun, and | 2. A Who's the most interesting person you know? B Well, (think) my best friend is interesting. she (live) in Europe for three years when she (grow up). 3A ______youever (meet) anyone famous? B No, but last year, | (see) a TV star on the street. We both (wait) in line for ice cream. 4, A When_____youlast_(exercise)? B Actually, |___(not exercise) in months. 1 (be) really busy at work, so | haven't had time, 5. A What_______you__(do) fora living? B Actually, |___ (not work) right now. \ (look) fora job for six months, butl_____(not find) anything yet. Use the simple past for completed events, not the past continuous. ‘My bicthday was great. My friends came to visit. (NOT My friends werecoming to visit) (Get) in pretty good shape. Abt B_ pairwork Ask and answer the questions above. Give your own answers. a Speaking naturally Reductions in questions How long have you been learning English? Why are you learning English? What do you like to do in your English class? What did you do in your last class? A. 4) 106 Listen and repeat the questions. Notice the reductions of the auxiliary verbs (have, do, are, did) and you. Then ask and answer the questions with a partner. ‘Atevt B. Pairwork Interview your partner. Ask the question the interview on page 2. Pay attention to your pronunciation of the auxiliary verbs and you. mn 3Lesson B It’s a long story! ——eeeeeeeeee a Building vocabulary and grammar A 4) 105 Listen to Dan’s story. Answer the questions. 3. How did he get his job there? 41. Where did Dan live before he moved to Seoul? 4. What did his new company of 2. Why did he want to go to South Korea? Dan Anderson was born in the U.S.A. He’s now living in South Korea, We asked him, “How did you end up living in Seoul?’ Hooked at the ad. and I remember thinking, “Should I bother to apply 15 working for a But spent three y company in Tokyo while Hinished I decided to go for it, even though I didn’t doing my master's in business. To be expect to get it, and to make a long story 4 honest, T wasn’t planning on leaving or short, I got the job! | anything, But one day, T happened to be in ‘The company offered to transfer me to , | the office, and one of the salespeople Was Seoul, and they agreed to pay for looking at job ads online, my Korean language lessons. | He knew I was considering going to South started working here two months Korea someday you see, my mother’s later. And the rest is history. South Korean, and I've always been I mean, I miss living in interested in the culture and everything Japan, but you can't have and anyway, he leaned over and said, it both ways, I guess. Dan, this seems to be the perfect job for Actually. [can't imagine you. Check this out.” living “ssi B_ Can you sort the verbs in bold above into the correct categories in the chart? Which verb followed by to + verb, verb + -ing, or a particle or preposition + verb + -ing? Meee Cee el happen (to be) | spend (three years working) | end up (living) | | __ gprs s9 Figure TECHIE Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs given. Use Dan's story to help you, 1. considered (Study) electronics, but |ended up _____ (¢o) math. jor 2 lexpected___ (graduate) in three years. Then | decided ___ (change) my mal! 4 =mInteresting tives i a Grammar verb Complements: verb + -ing or to + verb) 106 Verb + verb +-ing: consider finish miss mind spend (time) imagine finished doing my master's in business. ‘ I spent three years working in Tokyo. Verb + i particle / preposition + verb + -ing: end up How did you end up living here? keep on think about Plan on | wasn't planning on leaving Japan. Verb + to-+verb: agree decide happen offer seem intend expect They agreed to pay for Korean lessons. I didn’t expect to get the job. Kone “ing or fa + verb with the same meaning: Should | bother applying? si er continue start like love hate Should | bother to apply? seth he sited - Meld with a different meaning: | stopped talking to him. (We don’t talk now.) Pie | stopped to talk to him. (I stopped walking.) A Complete the conversations. with the correct forms of the a — verbs given. Then practice witha partner. Begin, bother, continue, like, love, f an followed more often 1, A How did you end up studying (study) here? ve + verb, Satcanione mote often by verb + -ing. B_ My friend recommended this school. | remember (think) his English was good, so | decided (ign up) for this class. How about you? Dont use fo = verb after these verbs. A Well, wasn’t planning on _ (learn) English, but my company offered ay) fonmy classes. | finished reading the ad. (NOT... toveed) 7 4 f 11don’t mind working hard. (NOT. . .te-werk) keep on (take) classesif can. 2. A What are you thinking about ______ (do) next'summer?, B Wel, it depends. | just started _ (work) inia new job, so! don't expect __(get) much vacation time. | intend ~_ (take) a couple of long weekends off, though. You have to stop (work) occasionally!/Anyway, | love ____(surf), so | hope | can spend a weekend (visit) my cousins at the beach, too. Ato: B pair work Take turns asking the questions. Give your own answers. a Talk about it Why did you stop doing that? Pair work Take turns asking each other questions using the ideas below. Ask follow-up questions. Can you think of someone you. ? Can you think of something that you. ..? eiidentinieoeselne © agreed to do recently | > expect to see next week » are considering doing soon » happened to run into recently + can'timagine doing in the future | » intended to see but didn’t » finished doing recently Sikedo on calle + never bother to do Bese cohene ane wilh = stopped doing recently | i don't miss seeing my old math teacher.” “Why's that? Were you bad at math?”a conversation § ot I A Think ofa time when you 8 B 4) 17 Listen. How di Find mor D 4) 108 Read ‘more of thi Present continuous to Bryan Yeah, And ato And ook M Bryan Wel Mateo Sq Bryan re Maye bw € Noti es how Mateo changes to the present tense at key | ents in his story. it makes them more “dramatic.” | examples in the conversation, all ein To enning thro: “ENMOugh the trees, scared to death. It was hilarious key moments in a story Highlighting ned? Tell the class. tratesy ost. What happe id Mateo and Bryan get lost? Mateo Remember that time w in Utah? Bryan When we got lost? Tha Kim Why? What happe Mateo We were on this trail, a getting dark. Then Br “Where are we?” Bryan Yeah, we couldn't s walked off the trail. Mateo Yeah, there were a around us, and w we're thinkin! both getting k wanted to get ou Kim | bet. Mateo And Bryan says little?” And | go, the same thing Bryan So we started jo Mateo And we said to got to stick happens.” mak nake the story more dramatic. Then listen and check you hear a sudden, we den, we heard this noise. Over at Bryan, and | saw his Mean, it was nc of face was white, and he was aweird noise. ci i conversation, Change the underlined verbs to the simple F vere hiking ‘Wait ami ener?” 5! him, te: What happened to our plan to stick toget"®ya a Strategy plus this and these in stories When you tell stories, you can use this and these to highlight important people, things, and events, A Replace @, an, and some with this or these in the story below. Then take turns telling the story with a partner. “[have a friend who's always getting into funny situations. One time she was invited to a going-away party, and she ended up getting totally lost and wandering around a neighborhood she didn’t know. Anyway, she finally sees a house with some cars outside, and some people were barbecuing in the backyard. So she knocks on the door, and a nice guy lets her in. He thought she was one of his wife's friends. Anyway, she spent about an hour talking to some people before some guys bring out a big birthday cake and candles and everything. Then she finally realized it was the wrong party!” *e9! B pair work Tell abouta time you or a friend got into a funny situation. a Listening and strategies A lucky escape bout a skiing accident. Aaron was skiing with friends when one A You're going to heara story al f of them fell down the mountain. Circle four questions you want to ask Aaron. 5, Did you get help? How? 1. Where were you skiing? 2. How far did your friend fall? 6. Did he have to go to the hospital? 3. What did you do when he fell? 7. When did this happen? 4, How badly was he hurt? 8. Ishe OKnow? B 100 Listen. Write answers to the questions you chose. Then share answers with a partner. Can you remember the entire story together? ‘tC pairwork Think of a time when something went wrong oF when you or someone you know had an accident. Tell a partner the story. 1e climbing little embarrassed, but OK!” wall and lands next to this guy. And all these people run over “,.. And suddenly she falls off th to see ifshe’s hurt. She was OK. A (aren 7PN xT eee) @ Reading 2 ‘A. What kinds of competitions are there on TV shows? Do you ever watch them? B Read the article. What was Christine Ha's disadvantage in the MasterChef competition? What advantage di Good Maswicher 1m the moment she took those first tentative steps onto stage, amateur chef Christine Ha captured America’s heart During the season 3 *MasterChef™ finale, Ha won the title, '$250,000, and a cookbook deal. beating out about 100 other home chefs But that’s not what makes her so inspiring, Ha is blind — the first blind contestant on the show think there are a lot of people who completely discounted me.” Ha said. “People will say, What is she doing? Is she going to cut her finger off But I cooked at home for years without vision, so if Lean do it at home, I don't see why Tean't Week afier week, the 3 ald, who Texas, managed to whip up culinary masterpieces with only her senses of taste, smell, and touch to guide her. C Find the words below in the article, Which of le a or b. Then compare with a partner, tentative a. not final Rot certain or confident @ cookbook deal a. the chance to b. free cookboo beating out a. mixing rapidly in a bowl b. winning against discounted a. reduced the price b. did not consi nm z, Publish her own cookbook ks der seriously Qin jid she have? “Teouldit see what anyone else was doing, L was solely focused on mysell and T think that helped me. Heaesy advantage.” she said. “When T came out of it it was th, stressful, intense experience of my life it w as amazin, Ha lost nearly all of her eyesight about five years being diagnosed with an autoimmune disease tha the optic nerves, ‘When I lost my vision, there was one time L tried to 1 Peanut butter and jelly sandwich,” she said, “I recall getting it all over the cou J crying a wondering if E would e fer. just start er cook again,” But she did more than pick herself up off the counter, She started her own blog, which is how the producers of “MasterChef discovered her Now an official “MasterChef,” Ha said “I just want people to realize that they have it in themselves if they really want to. If they have that passion, that fire, that drive, that d you can overcome any obstacle anc challenges to really achieve what you wan Prove yourself to the world. Everyone is ver capable. Much more capable than they think they are.” f the two meanings is used in the article? 5. whip up a, make quickly and easily b. mix quickly until light and f pick herself up a. stand up afterfalling down b. recover from a difficult situation drive a. determination b. use a car overcome any obstacle a. beat or solve a problem +g in the wa b. climb over something that's in". Interesting lives duestions, Compare your answers with a partner. 1, Why do you think Ha “ ; eae ‘a “captured America’s hear D Read the article again and answer these Has she captured yours from your reading of the 2. After losing her visio i cen ateee ms what did Ha try to do in the kitchen? In what way is this anecdote significant? ‘means by “people have it in themselves"? Do you agree with her view? a Listening and writing Facing a challenge 1. Asa child, Bethany surfed almost every day with _b a. her parents b. her friend Alana ¢. Alana’s father 2. Bethany decided to return to surfing ___after the shark attack. a. acouple ofweeks —b. amonth ¢. three months 3. Bethany managed to stay on her surfboard because___added a handle. a. her mother b. her father ¢. Alana’s father 4, Inthe World junior Championship, Bethany took place. a, first b. second . fifth 5. Since Bethany lost her arm, she has a. written a book b. starredinamovie —_c. received help from a charity 6. Bethany is described above allelseasagreat___, a, athlete b. role model ¢. traveler FB. Pair work Think about a time in your life when you faced a challenge. How did you feel? Did someone help you? How did you feel afterward? C Read the story and the Help note. Then write a story about your challenge. ing an anecdote or a story ‘My biggest challenge -* Set the general time or place. When I was in high school, chemistry was a required subject, but I wasn’t very good at it. One day, the teacher asked us to give a speech about chemistry in our everyday lives ee Describe what happened On the day of the speech, Iwas extremely nervous, Tremember looking at all those faces, and I wanted to run sa + End the story and, if possible, is cl it twas a big challenge for me to make that speech, but i WaEHCERRE kok helped me become much more confident. .-- * Set the particular time or place. | uestions to find out more about the story. D Pair work Read a partner’s story. Then ask a [acmon holt yLearning tip Verb patterns fown the verb form(s) th an a new ver, write d e. For example: Sir “i can't imagine having lots of. money._| finagine rd to be a-doctor.— ind deci be 8. to start saving-money. _| decide to +vert wv ____—_'m_ going. =! _ going to start to-save.monéy. eee at can follow it. When you lee Then useitina sentenct can follow the verbs below. Then complete the motto, eS. Use 4 Write down the form(s) of the verbs that the correct form(s) of the verbs given. 4. agree ___to + verb. “Never agree —————— (lend) money to strangers.” 2. intend _______— “jfyou don’t intend ————— (do) something properly, (start) it!” (do) the things you don’t bother “Never stop — enjoy —__——— Bother = — 3, ston == (do).” i 4. keepon______ “Keep on — (try) until you find success.” 5 consider______ “Consider _____ (take) every opportunity you getin life CS “Things aren't always what they seem ____(be).” 2. Word builder Find out the meanin} i gs of these verbs, and write down the verb f them. Then make up your own motto for each verb. He Fort a a giveup promise putoff refuse On your own Make a flip pad for the new verbs you have learned in this unit. Write each new verb in a sentence. Every time you have a spare minute, learn a verb! NowTcan... eC ere ea) Ee PWC ener Rene One oil | Ron pall Ele RG HiRes CaS P RPGRe ence cucu i a Perret unio. | | Crt bs, [Rte neue ec ees oleWie! RU Sats Tr ter reas mee Prd « Make comparisons MY ee ery 7 pore paanaeike Lesson D Crouse Ue a Ee a 5 Peer nr Cty prey Sud nue Lc ld = eee Be ee ees about personal style steel 1 Ps ee Brera cd « hairstyle looks good on you? PE ee ace ee ned * carwould you like?12 We gave Cindy and Scott, two very good friends, the chance to choose a new look for each other. How did they do? Here's the verdict! What do you think about your new look, Cindy? Hove it! don't usually wear the colors i this dress is really nice. | like it. t idn't usually wear this much m 1p ~ | try to get ready as quickly as 1 can in the morning — itlooks good. 'm really pleased Scott, you chose a completely different look for Cindy. How do you like it? | ike it lo. tried as hard as | could to find a stye that suits her personality better. Her hair looks great. | mean, | don't usually Ike short hair as much as long hair, but it looks good on her, think. And I tike the cess on her, She looks great a Getting started A Lookat the “before” and “after” pictures of Cindy and Scott. What has change B 4) comments? Figure POMC. How do cind Compare with a partner. |. Scott . Scott . Cindy . Cindy Eom Bwne ' and Scott actually say these things? Find the sentences in the article How do you like your new look, Scott? Well, Kind of ike it. wearing pan just as con Cindy n vede jacket. It's cool. Yeah, | do look as scrutty as | did! \de a good choice Cindy, do you like Scott’s new look? He looks very different! Yes, | really like it. He doesn't pay a much attention to his app he should chose doe: 41 Listen. What do Cindy and Scott think about their makeovers? Do you agi hove: These pants and my jeans are equally comfortable. lused to look scruffier. He should pay more attention to his appearance. try t ick Y to get ready quickly in the morning — | can’t get ready faster.ee UNIT 2 @, Grammar comparisons with (on as... as 412 Aan About| ‘ou ‘You can make i Comparisons with (not) as... . as with adjectives, nouns, and adverbs. Adjectives ae ins an just as comfortable as my jeans. (They're the same.) ene ‘€ not as comfortable as my jeans. (They're less comfortable.) ok as scruffy as | did, (Iwas scruffier before.) Nouns She spends as litte time as possible on her makeup. she daca Wear as many bright colors as she should. Pay as much attention to his appearance as he should. Adverbs | tried as hard as | could to find the sight style for her. Seas | don't like short hairas much as long hair. Don't forget the first as jeans aren't as nice as pants. (NOT Jeans aremitmicees pants.) A Complete the sentences. Use the words in parentheses and as... . as. Older people _don't care as much as (not care / much) younger people about their appearance. 2. Makeover shows_____________(not be / interesting) other reality shows on TV, 3. Men pend / much) money on themselves women do, 4, When I choose clothes, looks (be / important) comfort. 5, 1_____ (not have / many) clothes and shoes__I'd like. 6 (spend / little time) possible shopping for clothes. 7. Today's styles = (notbe / attractive) the styles of ten years ago. 8 Women (get haircuts / often) men. f B Pair work Do you agree with the statements above? Explain your views. a Speaking naturally Linking words with the same consonant sound About "eu bigglasses wearred —darkcolors_ © somemakeup _stylish shoes A 4) 143 Listen and repeat the expressions above. Notice that when the same consonant sound is at the end of one word and at the start of the next, it is pronounced once, butit sounds longer. EB. 4) 1.4 Now listen and repeat the: 1. I think men look cool in shirts and ties. 2. Idon't like big glasses. They're less stylish than small glasses. 3. J like casual clothes, can’t stand dressing up for anything. 4, think women should always wear some makeup. 5. Lown a lot of black clothes. | hate to weer bright colors, and I never wear red 6. There are a lot of stylish shops in my neighborhood. They sell some good designer stuff. se statements. Are they true for you? Discuss with a partner. an «3a Building language ‘A. 4) 135 Listen. Why doesn't Ben like the jacket? Practice the conversation, Yoko Oh, don't you just love this jacket? | mean, isn’tit great? Ben Hmm. | don't know. . Yoko Don't you like it? | think it's really nice. Ben It's OK. It's kind of bright. Yoko But don't you like the style? It'd look good on you, don’t you think? Ben Well, maybe. Yoko Well, don't you want to try iton, at least? Ben Not really. And anyway, isn’tit a little expensive? Yoko Oh, isn'tit on sale? Ben No. it's full price, The sale rack is over there, Hey, look at those jackets. Aren't they great? "f8IE B_ How does Yoko actually say these things? Underline what she says in the conversation, 1. Hove this jacket! 2. I think you should try it on. 3. I'm surprised you don’t like it a Grammar Negative questions 4) 146 When you want or expect someone to agree with you, you can use negative questions. To express an opinion To suggest an idea To show surprise Isn't this jacket great? Aren't they a little expensive? Isn’tit on sale? Don't you think it's great? Don’t you think it's too bright? Don’t you like it? Doesn't that look good on him? It'd look good, don’t you think? Doesn't she like it? Look at the rest of Yoko and Ben's conversation. Rewrite the underlined sentences as negative questions. Then practice with a partner, Ben Look at these jackets. | think they're nice. Yoko Well, 'm not sure about the color. They're kind of plain, Ben Really? I'm surprised you don’t ike them, Look, This looks good. - Yoko. Um... i's a little tight. It looks kind of small Ben No, it’s just right. IthinkI'lgetit! Yoko And it’s not as cheap as the other jackets. Ben Oh, it's not the same price. Wel around a bit more. - = {er they-nice? / Don't you think they're nice? ll, maybe we should look .@ Building vocabulary Personal tastes WUE A Pair work Read 7 the product descriptions on the website, What do you think about each item? “Those rubber boots are cool,” Choose from our huge selection of men's, ‘and women’s teather and suede jackets. Luxury cashmere scarves and silk ties make perfect, silts. a Looking fordenim (3 : jeans? Whether you want Boot-cut orflared, fitted, skinny, or baggy - we have “Aren't they a bit bright?” FP Wel http:/Aww.casyshopping Wea ‘Men's woot turtleneck and Veneck ‘sweaters will keep ‘you warm all winter. Women’s short- sleeved striped shirts in polyester. Floral print and plaid shirts also available. ‘women’s long-sleeved cotton tops are available in a range of solid ‘colors. Shown here in neon green, dark groen, and light green, Our rubber boots, come in a variety | of patterns, Shown here in turquoise with 2 polka-dot pattern. jeans to fit yout “ort B_ Complete the chart with the words in bold above, and add your own ideas. Then compare with a partner. Do any of these words describe clothes that you and your classmates are wearing? Materials Patterns: neon green striped a Talk about it Different styles Group work Discuss the following questions. Use negative questions where possible. What styles are in fashion right now? What colors? What fabrics? Do you like them? What kinds of styles look good on you? How about your friends? What colors are the clothes in your closet? What materials are they made of? Are there any colors you won’t wear? Why? Would you buy any of the items on the website above? Why? Why not? but don’t you think they look kind of ugly?” Pracmon hall “Well, skinny jeans are in fashion,@ Conversation strategy Summarizing things people say 0 A. Pair work Who do you buy gifts for? What do you usually buy? Tell the class. Janet What do you want to Set for fi ‘i YOUr Sister What kind of things does she liner” n Sell she likes to read, She tikes mug, She likes to cook, sew. - She seems to have a lot of interests. B 4) 1.17 Listen. What do you find out - about Don's sister? S Janet f different D s n Yeah. I'm not sure what to get he; She has hundreds of books already She has a big collection, then. Yeah. And she has a ton of music Much stuff for the kitchen as she < ever want. Janet Don Janet Sounds like she has everything sh: needs, Don Janet Yeah. She doesn’t really need an Now, doesn’t she travel a lot? Be you could get her an e-reader or or something. nN Actually, that’s a great idea. She's complaining about carrying her everywhere. | think Ill do that. D s € Notice how janet s It shows she’s involv following what Don j i ummarizes the things Don Says. ed inthe: conversation and is 's saying. Find more examples, BU e rac) CU aedeii tay ee D Match each statem ent with the best res Then practice with @ partner, ‘only download free "ve downloaded tho Ponse, Write the letters ato g, books or go to the library, wr usands of songs, Aftiend of mine nev a. Sounds like she’s a walking encyclopedia. er seems to like the gifts b. Yeah. What do you buy the man "give her, Who has everything? 4 WS hard to buy sits for my dad. He never wants S- Wow, He has a fantastic memory i eo ao d. Gosh. You have really broad ta ‘ads a lot. She knows everything, ©. Sounds like she’s really choosy. 6 eporttend femembers the lyrics Of every song f. You have a huge collection, oh : fae Kinds of stuff, from romance seen Se SS n to sciencecsonat tates @. Strategy plus now eee Nowis often used to introduce a follow-up question. It shows that you want to move the conversation ontoa different aspect of a topic, LGD conversation Now is one of the top 100 words. | About 20% of the uses of now are to introduce questions. She doesn't really need anything. joesn’t she travel a lot? Find two follow-up questions for each conversation. Write the letters a to f. Then practice with a partner. Ask the questions again and give your own answers. a, Now, do you have an idea before you start looking? __d. ‘Now, do you have similar tastes? b. Now, do you like to do all the tourist things? e. Now, do you usually go alone? c. Now, does she have a background in design? f. Now, do you ask what people want? 1. A Doyou like to shop for gifts? B_ Yeah. | like to look for something really unusual. You know, something different. A. So you put some thought into it. _ 2. A So, are you good at decorating your home? Like choosing colors and fabrics? No, not at all! My wife does all that stuff. She loves buying cushions and things like that o A So you're not interested in that. 3. A. So, | heard you like to travel a lot? B Yeah, | really like going to a new city and seeing the sights. A. So you like exploring. ____ a Listening and strategies Broad tastes ,) 148 Listen to three conversations. Who has broad tastes? Write the name or names. Then listen estions below. 1g show? How did Mary learn to cook? AW again and answer the qu 1. What happens in the cookin 2. What is Nick listening to? How did Nick get into that kind of music? 3. Whyis James exhausted? How did James get into sci-fi? B 4) 119: Now listen to three excerpts from the conversations. Circle the best response. 1. a. Soyou don’t do it much anymore. 2. a. Really? You play everything. 3. a. You think anything's possible, "S211 © pair work What kind of tastes do you have in movi A Hove classic movies. I think they're just as. good as the movies f B Really? So you're into old movies. Now, what genres do you like? Sci-fior...? i 3267 b. Wow. You know what you're doing b. So you gave it up. then. bb. Right. It doesn’t seem real at all. ies, food, and music? Discuss with a partner. they make these days.@ Reading | | | | | 18 A Canyou think of some ways to dress well B Read the article, Does it menti Which ideas are the best Do you ever worry that yo! don't have a self, But d Mayt spend on yo! you look good makes you feel Developing your own personal ion any of your ideas? 2 Which ideas have you tried? | without spending a lot of money? Tell the class, Citi, Read the first sente: he article jon't look as great as you cc noney — as you'd s much time - or 3 well is important be re confident as hard (or as style is not as you might think! Even jeans and a T-shirt can look a dressy outfit - if you kn ow how to put them together, Her some quick, inexpensive tips to help you create your c personal style. @ Don't wear clothes that are too “old” or too “young” for you, and choose styles that are appropriate for your lifestyle. __ You want to feel as comfortable as possible. @ Flip through a magazine to find styles you like. Use the photos as a guide. __ @ Look at photos of yoursetf wearing a variety of outfits. Which ones look good on you? Which ones aren't particularly flattering? Notice what you like and disice about different outs. Is it the fabric? The color? The style? @ Think about your lfe goals. Are you looking for a job? To impress potential employers, liven up your professional look by adding some accessories to the suit you already have, How about a scarf? A colorful new tie? Call attention to your best features. Choose colors that bring out the color of your eyes. _If you're not as slim as you'd like to be, buy tailored clothes that fit well Don't just wear baggy outfits to cover up those few extra pounds. Choose the best fabrics for your shape. Silk may fee! nice, but be careful - shiny fabrics can make you look heavier. Cashmere, on the other hand, ‘ean make you look slimmer and looks especially good ‘on muscular men. [mene @ Clean out your closet, G or out-of-sty shape, tor shoes. § cash to jazz ariet > your a consignmen robe ave. A jattom, @ Update an outtit you already your jeans are worn at t a pair of capris, essent ter with a pair of c ave a fe © Make sure you well-fiting well-cut pants. black dress and that you can dress must-haves.Where do these sentences fit in the article? Write the correct letters in the spaces. a fyou want to look taller, wear clothes with vertical stripes. Bring the pictures with you when you go shopping. And for both men and women, a pair of classic black shoes is a necessity. Take out everything that doesn't fit you anymore. 'fyou walk everywhere, be sure to buy shoes that are comfortable as well as stylish. paooe @Q Listening and speaking keeping up with trends A %) 120 Listen to four people talk about trends. Number the topics 1to 4. There is one extra topic. CD hairstyles O fashion LD technology O cars CO sports and fitness B 4) 120 Listen again. Do the people keep up with trends? Circle Yes or No. Write one thing they do or don’t do, Keeps up with trends? Pee ai Asch uence xe ‘About © Pair work What are the current trends in each area in Exercise A? Do you keep up with the trends? Why? Why not? a Writing Style interview A Read the question and answer below and the Help note. Add commas (,) where needed and a dash (-), and change one period to an exclamation mark (!). How would you describe your tastes in clothes? __| | Punctuation | Ss. | Use commas (,) in My clothes are fun, colorful, and unusual. * Use a dash (-) to add or eto wear fashionable clothes when |.go.out______| ideas from_men's clothing stores —__|_with my friends.|.ge' Poe from my friends. At. home | like to.wear explain more about something. = af oath more comfortable my old jeans a. Teshirt_and | | * pesatieactabati mark () TT isneakers.| look completely different} ‘wear every color under the sun ~ sometimes ail at once! eg ped > ‘tit B Write three questions about personal style. Then exchange papers with a partner. Write answers to sh rite thre your partner’s questions. 6 edirwork wean younnatiers answers to your questions. Check the punctuation.AN Vocabular iY nee g Learning tip Labeling pictures ‘When you want to learn a new set of vocabulary, find and label pictures illustrating the new words. For example, you can use a fashion magazine to label items of clothing, s| patterns, and materials. Shades of blu bt 4. What styles of clothing, colors, and patterns can you see in the picture? What materials do clothes are made of? Label the picture with words from the box and other words you know /bagey polka-dot py 2 a You thing the dark brown short-sleeved {Fh rN fitted / skinny silk f 6 e hs i} } flared striped / i floral-print suede | | leather turquoise > light blue turtleneck ws p long-sleeved V-neck neon orange wool baggy a ad x 2 Word builder Find out what these word is mean. Then find an thep e, iii abee example of each one in th ; ankle-length gold naw blue esd beige maroon ) plastic Cewek Bridle... twee Find a fashion magazine an of the different styles, and colors as you can in ter rl | Roe t gee ee ig WE compare hoy Lc ee Tee ou Lear TS RUT Puy Lees MH understand people discussing trends. u et co c LECCE ea nto Teva Tres Lee een x PoE i ct eet) ss Ne/ fa ead culture using the acs fra Seon ees ea cot What dish or drink. type of music or dance. pee RL Wee tier ee See a eer ted Teeter ed Dune surprising, or to agree are some of the cultural traditions in your country? Think of a typical ... once Penge Ce a Pere ee Petr PC Unser PCr ari) Pa]Fes) WE ASKED PEOPLE: “Oh, Korean food! We have so many different dishes, One typical dish isk made with rice an seaweed, And it's eaten cc “A Japanese festival Festival ~ held ev the Sapporo Ice at's really worth seeing. I's ‘bruary. They have all these Sculptures that are carved out of ice - and they'te cz by te from all over the world. It’s | amazing” -Sachio ito a Getting started A Look at the countries above. What do you know about each country? Make a list of ideas. B ‘#) 121 Listen, What aspect of their country’s culture does each person talk about? "eal C Rewrite the sentences below, but keep the same meaning, Use the comments above to help yo You eat kimbap cold, People make earrings like these locally, Eartings like these __ — locally They export a lot of handicrafts Alot of handicrafts Teams from all over the world carve The sculptures the sculptures, from all over the world. 2 Kimbap___ __ cold. SeNe __ by teamsWorld cultures’ @Q, Grammar the simple present passive a) 122 Aco Use the passive when the “doer” of the action is not known or not important. Active Passive Hew a hey make Kimbap? How is kimbap made? The most common 'ymake it with rice and vegetables. It's made with rice and vegetables, hassive verbs are made, done, and called. Do they eat it hot or cold? Is it eaten hot or cold? They eat it cold. They don't eat it hot. It’s eaten cold. It’s not eaten hot. They carve the sculptures out ofice. ‘The sculptures are carved out of ice. Ifthe “doer” of the action is important, you can introduce it with by. The sculptures are carved by teams from all over the world. Be sure to use the verb be in the present simple passive. :, F . The sculptures are carved out of ice. aves) A Rewrite the questions about your country. Then write true (Norse answers. Use the simple present passive. ) 1, When do people sing the national anthem? When is the national anthem sung? It's sung . 2. How do you make your favorite traditional food? Do you serve it cold? 3. Do both men and women play your country's national sports? 4, When do people celebrate your most important festivals? Does everybody celebrate them? 5. When do people wear the national costume? Do people wear it a lot? 6. Do people play traditional folk music? 7. Do people make traditional handicrafts? Where do they sell them? ‘tow © B Pair work Compare your answers with a partner. Can you add more ideas? a Speaking naturally Silent syllables every diffgtent_—_intgtesting vegetable A 4))123 Listen and repeat the words. Notice that the unstressed vowels are not pronounced. x4) 1.24 Listen to people talk about their cities. Cross out the vowel that is not pronounced in the underlined words. Then read the sentences to a partner. 41. Broc, Switzerland: We're known for our chocolate, which is sold all over the world. ” interested, you can visit a factory to learn about the history of chocolate and how 2. Coober Pedy, Australia: The average temperature here in summer is almost 40°C, so it’s much * coler to live underground. It’s definitely something different for travelers! 3. Akihabara, Japan: If you want a camera, then you have to shop here. Practically every brand of electronic and computer goods is displayed here! oy i ined all over the world, but our region has some of the best and 4, Boyacd, Colombia: Emeralds are mine but ou ect valuable stones. They're mostly exported and made into jewelry. you're really "s made, “=F © choose a city, region, or county, andtellthe class what's known fr. Guess the places your classmates talk about. ia it " inte local artists.” “This place is known for its wooden dolls. They're painted by xReo) @ Building vocabulary and grammar A 4) 125 Listen, Are these statements true in your country? Check (7) True Or False, 3 1. Eating food on a subway or bus is bad manners. Fal se It's rude to cut in line. ow You should try to keep your voice down in public. Pie Oo You can offend someone by not bowing or shaking hands when you meet. a cy People might stare at you for walking around barefoot. 6. Having an argument in public is considered bad manners, EDEL 7. It's impolite to walk into someone's home without taking off your shoes. 8. Showing affection in public - holding hands or kissing ~ is inappropriate. 9. You should try not to stand too close to people. It’s considered rude. 10. It's acceptable not to tip cab drivers. ooo 11. You should be careful not to point at people 12. It's customary to bargain with street vendors to get something cheaper, but it's not acceptable to do this in a store. o oo8 0 eB joo jojo “Gil B_ What behaviors are considered acceptable in your country? Complete the chart with ideas from above. Add your own ideas. Then compare with a partne (eae take your shoes off in the house. stand too c © Circle the correct choices. Are the sentences true in your country? Discuss with a partner, 1. Cut / Cutting in tine is bad manners. 2. You might offend someone by standing / stand too close 3. You can offend your host by not taki 4, 5. ing / to take off your shoes. 's polite bow / to bow when you meet someone. W's customary not to tip / tip cab drivers 3B eeeWorld cultures jar Vi “i Aa Grammar Verb + -ing and to + verb; position of not #\) 126 verb + -ing asa subject Position of not Eating in public is bad manners, Not comes before the word it negates. Not shaking hands is impolite, Be careful not to point at people. Verb + -ing after prepositions You can offend people by not bowing. You can offend people by eating in public. Notice the difference in meaning: People might stare at you fornot shaking hands. t's acceptable not to tip cab drivers. to + verb after It’s... (it’s optional.) It’s bad manners to eat in public, It’s not acceptable to tip cab drivers. It's impolite not to shake hands. (You shouldn't do it.) ‘A Complete the sentences about eating at restaurants. Use verb + -ing or fo + verb. 1. Ifa friend invites you out to dinner, it’s inappropriate __ (take) another friend with you. 2, It's bad manners —_ (not /call) the restaurant if you have a reservation and you decide to cancel your plans. 3 ____ (arrive) a little late when you meet a big group of friends ‘ata restaurant is acceptable. ___ (not / show) up at all is. impolite. 4. Ifyou get to the restaurant before your friend, it’s fine (sit) down at the table. (complain) to your server if 5, It's not acceptable you don't like your meal. 6. People might be upset with you for your fair share of the bill. 7. (talk) with your mouth full is considered rude. during dinners also bad manners. 8. You can offend the server by a smaller tip is fine if the service is bad. 9% (ask) the server for a box to bring your __ (not than¥) the person who paid afterwards. _ (not / pay) ___ (take) phone calls {not / leave) a tip. But _____ (give) leftover food home is acceptable. 10. It’s bad manners (not say) thank you is really impolite. he statements above. Which ones do you agree with? EB Pair work Discuss t Can you add more etiquette advice? A Yeah. Taking another friend with you is rude ~ especially [you're not paying. B Butit's not rude to invite another friend ifit’s ¢ casual evening out. for the following situations? ou , YE C Pairwork What etiquette advice can you think o Make a list and then share with another pair. going toa birthday party going to an interview Visiting someone’s home you might offend the host by not bringing a gift.” (Genes [PSSST os. “Well, when you visit someone’s home,a Conversation strategy Sounding more direct ol jo people miss about home when they move abroad? A What kinds of things d about hi hy ake a list ; 3 B_«) 127 Listen. What would David miss if he left Brazil? Hilda So, when you're jy), miss home? : David Um, 1 don't miss to honest. Us of course, res teea (CU) Muara . Hilda Right cena + mis ale David But definitely don: nde ae ve i Um, I miss my fami aie Cais Hilda So, if you went bact aed 7 ; > YOU miss lots of thi David Oh, yeah. I'd aby food here. Yeah, the b would be country already, where z work. | just do; that. You knov challenge Hilda Uh-huh David In fact, living bac boring, | think know what I'd do. © Notice that when David wants to sound more direct or assertive, he uses expressions like these. Find examples inthe conversation. Mae iu) a TT Ae ec to be honest, to telly About| ‘you ED. Make these statements about living in another country more direct. Use the expre Then discuss each statement with a Partner. Do you agree? 1. I'd miss my friends. (definitely) 1 2. 5: 'd miss everyone, (in fact) ‘wouldn't miss the weather, (certainly) But I'd miss the food. "denjoy living in a different culture. (actually) 4. Learning the language would be a challenge. (to be honest) 5. Iwouldn’t miss the lifestyle here. (to tell you the truth) 6. IthinkI'd be scared to 80 abroad on my own, (honestly) (really) A IfHived in another country, ra definitely miss my friends! B We ves, but to be honest, it ie E ‘ones, it's good to make new friends too.a Nasemecminnsre 12! “Of course usually means, World cultures WUE Strategy plus ofcourse “This idea is not surprising. (miss my fami It’s what you expect.” oteoure Be careful when you use of course, It can sound abrupt or rude as an answer to a question. ADo you miss your family? BOh, yes, | really do. (NOT BFeousse.) TSteouse sone of he oP | sDespressions You can also use Of course in responses to show you agree or understand, | Alreally miss my family, B Ofcourse. A Read the conversations. Which response is more polite? Circle @ or b. 1. Do you think living in another country would be exciting? a. Of course it would. b. Absolutely. Of course, I'd probably feel homesick at times. 2. Would you learn all about a country before you went? a, Well, | guess I'd like to know all about its culture. And, of course, its traditions b. But of course. You really should learn something. 3. Would you take something with you to remind you of home? a. Of course. b. Probably. Maybe a photo of my cat. Of course, | couldn't take the cat with me, but... Avext FF B_ pair work Askand answer the questions above, giving your own answers. Use of course in your a answers, but be careful how you use it. Listening and strategies Away from home A i) 128 Listen to Val talk about her experience. Answer the questions. 1. Whyis she living away from home? . What has been challenging for her? }. What has been going well? |. How does she keep in touch with family? When? 4) 120 Listen again. What would Val’s friend say about her experience? Check (V) the sentences. 2 3 4 B 1. E7 Totell you the truth, Val’s host sister is pretty unfriendly. 2. [1 Tobe honest, she hasn't gotten to know many people. 3. £1] She's definitely learning about the culture. 4. 1 Ofcourse, she doesn’t like having to be home at ten. 5, Ly She's certainly homesick. In fact, she wants to go back home right now. c Group work Think about a time you were away from home. Who and what did you miss? How did you keep in touch? Talk about your experience. “When Iwas an exchange student, | missed my friends. Of course, | missed my family, too.” i 27—— @ Reading A Think ofa proverb in your language. When is it used, and why? Read the first sente = ao Paragraph, What do, each paragraph wil B Read the article. Do you have similar proverbs in your language? Are proverbs used in the same ways? : The wisdom that binds us together Proverbs exist in every language and culture and are a way of passing down folk wisdom, “common sense,” from generation to generation, Wha doesn't remember a time when the struggling with a problem or dilemma, and someone quoted a proverb that aptly sumin explained the situation? “Als fair in love and war’ describes the injustice that is often enco, in a romantic relationship and may help some of us accept it. “Absence makes the hec fonder"is meant to give hope when a loved one is far away, When that same relatonshi brought to an end by distance, we hear, “Out of sight, out of mind." Proverbs have lasted for thousands of years, probably because they're so memorab short and concise, like “Practice makes perfect” and "Haste makes waste,” while others use language such as metaphors, repetition, and rhymes, The metaphor “Out ofthe fry into the fre’ is easy to visualize when you are faced with a difficult situation that just got The repetition of the consonant “t” makes it easy to remember “It takes two to tango, The rhw “When the cat’ away, the mice will play” comes to mind as soon as the boss eave 4nd the repetition of the structure in “Once bitten, twice shy” makes this an extremely catchy on vaec Some scholars who study proverbs look for examples that are unique to a particular culty key to understanding cultural diferences. thers focus on the proverbs that appear in ain every language as a way of defining a common wisdom that binds al humans Proverbs don't abvays offer up universal ruth, however, and they are frequently con People say, "Clothes make the man,” to reflect the importance of appearance as part of Personal dent, On the other hand, they also say, "You can't judge a book b out that appearances can be deceptive, And with “Handsome is as handsome di the value of good behavior over good looks, sth Sowhile proverbs can help us grasp some universally shared wisdom, they also force recognize that leis complex and that there are no easy answers. The complexity condition as reflected in proverbs is ‘yet another thing that is shared by people around the C Read the article again. Can you find these things? Compare with a partner, 1. a function proverbs serve in different languages and cultures 2. two different ways scholars look at proverbs 3+ two proverbs that are memorable because they use thyme 4. three proverbs that are memorable because they repeat consonants, words, or structures 5. two pairs of proverbs that are contradictory 6. two things we can learn when we study proverbs from different cultures 2