PPT #6 – Plagiarism

PLAGIARISM
• is the act of misrepresenting someone else’s
work as your own. Sometimes a writer
plagiarizes work on purpose—for instance,
by copying and pasting or purchasing an
essay from a website and submitting it as
original course work.
• is a serious form of academic dishonesty.
COMMON TYPES OF PLAGIARISM
1. Direct Plagiarism
Direct plagiarism is the word-for-word transcription of
a section of someone else’s work, without attribution
and without quotation marks. The deliberate
plagiarism of someone else's work is unethical,
academically dishonest, and grounds for disciplinary
actions, including expulsion.
EXAMPLE: DIRECT PLAGIARISM
Original:
• "In ages which have no record these islands were the home of millions
of happy birds, the resort of a hundred times more millions of fishes, of
sea lions, and other creatures whose names are not so common; the
marine residence, in fact, of innumerable creatures predestined from
the creation of the world to lay up a store of wealth for the British
farmer, and a store of quite another sort for an immaculate
Republican government."
EXAMPLE: DIRECT PLAGIARISM
Plagiarized version:
Long ago, when there was no written history, these islands were the
home of millions of happy birds; the resort of a hundred times more
millions of fishes, sea lions, and other creatures. Here lived
innumerable creatures predestined from the creation of the world to
lay up a store of wealth for the British farmer, and a store of quite
another sort for an immaculate Republican government.
• The writer has included a word-for-word passage from his/her source without
any indication that it is a direct quotation.
COMMON TYPES OF PLAGIARISM
2. Mosaic Plagiarism
Mosaic Plagiarism occurs when a student borrows
phrases from a source without using quotation marks,
or finds synonyms for the author’s language while
keeping to the same general structure and meaning
of the original. Sometimes called “patch writing,” this
kind of paraphrasing, whether intentional or not, is
academically dishonest and punishable – even if you
footnote your source.
EXAMPLE 1: MOSAIC PLAGIARISM
Original:
• "In ages which have no record these islands were the home of millions
of "Contrast the condition into which all these friendly Indians are
suddenly plunged now, with their condition only two years previous:
martial law now in force on all their reservations; themselves in danger
of starvation, and constantly exposed to the influence of emissaries
from their friends and relations, urging them to join in fighting this
treacherous government that had kept faith with nobody--neither
with friend nor with foe."
EXAMPLE 1: MOSAIC PLAGIARISM
Plagiarized version:
Only two years later, all these friendly Sioux were suddenly plunged
into new conditions, including starvation, martial law on all their
reservations, and constant urging by their friends and relations to join
in warfare against the treacherous government that had kept faith
with neither friend nor foe.
• The writer has borrowed with slight variations an uncited phrase from his/her
source. As it is written, the passage would not constitute a paraphrase (even if
the writer had acknowledged his/her source) because it contains keywords from
the original source that do not appear in quotation marks.
EXAMPLE 2: MOSAIC PLAGIARISM
Original:
• "In ages which have no record these islands were the home of millions
of "Contrast the condition into which all these friendly Indians are
suddenly plunged now, with their condition only two years previous:
martial law now in force on all their reservations; themselves in danger
of starvation, and constantly exposed to the influence of emissaries
from their friends and relations, urging them to join in fighting this
treacherous government that had kept faith with nobody--neither
with friend nor with foe."
EXAMPLE 2: MOSAIC PLAGIARISM
Plagiarized version:
Only two years later, all these friendly Sioux were suddenly plunged
into new conditions, including starvation, martial law on all their
reservations, and constant urging by their friends and relations to join
in warfare against the treacherous government that had kept faith
with neither friend nor foe.
• The writer has borrowed an unacknowledged key word from his/her source, and
has not indicated the omission of words with an ellipsis.
COMMON TYPES OF PLAGIARISM
3. Accidental Plagiarism
Accidental plagiarism occurs when a person neglects to
cite their sources, or misquotes their sources, or
unintentionally paraphrases a source by using similar
words, groups of words, and/or sentence structure without
attribution. Students must learn how to cite their sources
and to take careful and accurate notes when doing
research. Lack of intent does not absolve the student of
responsibility for plagiarism. Cases of accidental plagiarism
are taken as seriously as any other plagiarism and are
subject to the same range of consequences as other types
of plagiarism.
COMMON TYPES OF PLAGIARISM
4. Self Plagiarism
Self-plagiarism occurs when a student submits his or
her own previous work, or mixes parts of previous
works, without permission from all professors involved.
For example, it would be unacceptable to
incorporate part of a term paper you wrote in high
school into a paper assigned in a college course. Self-
plagiarism also applies to submitting the same piece
of work for assignments in different classes without
previous permission from both professors.
STRATEGIES TO AVOID PLAGIARISM
1. Always acknowledge the contributions of others and
the source of ideas and words, regardless of whether
paraphrased or summarized.
2. Use of verbatim text/material must be enclosed in
quotation marks.
3. Acknowledge sources used in the writing.
4. When paraphrasing, understand the material
completely and use your own words.
5. When in doubt about whether or not the concept or
fact is common knowledge, reference it.
STRATEGIES TO AVOID PLAGIARISM
6. If the results of a single complex study are best presented
as a cohesive whole, they should not be sliced into multiple
separate articles.
7. When submitting a manuscript for publication containing
research questions/hypotheses, methods, data, discussion
points, or conclusions that have already been published or
disseminated in a significant manner (such as previously
published as an article in a separate journal or a report
posted on the Internet), alert the editors and readers.
8. Become familiar with the basic elements of copyright law.
REFERENCES:
Horkoff, T., & publisher, a. (2015). Chapter 9.Citations and
Referencing. Bccampus. Retrieved from
https://opentextbc.ca/writingforsuccess/chapter/chapter-9-
citations-and-referencing/

The Common Types of Plagiarism. (2020). Retrieved 27 July

2020, from https://www.bowdoin.edu/dean-of-
students/judicial-board/academic-honesty-and-
plagiarism/common-types-of-plagiarism.html