NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology

Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University
LECTURE ACTIVITY NO. 2
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

Name: Palabay, Azh Yomard G. Section: 34 Date Submitted: 08/22/21

I. INTRODUCTION
Different chemical reactions govern all processes in living organisms. These reactions
include conversion of food to energy to run cellular processes and elimination of resulting
waste products. These enzyme-catalyzed metabolic reactions allow organisms to grow and
produce offspring, maintain their structures, and respond to environmental cues.
II. II. ACCOMPLISH THE ACTIVITY TABLE 2.

-Chemistry is the study of elements and substances that

2.01A. Define chemistry and state its
relevance to anatomy and deals with basic concept of solid, liquid and gas. Chemistry
physiology. is relevant to anatomy and physiology because chemistry
explain how cells and other bodily components are being
produced, how we breathe and etc.
2.01B. Define matter, mass, and -Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
weight. -Mass is a quantity of all matter and object it contains.
-Atom is the basic unit of matter and the tiniest particle.
2.01C. Distinguish between an -Element is a substance made up of atom that cannot be
element and an atom. split into separate substance. Whilst an Atom is a part of an
element.
2.01D. Define atomic number and An Atomic number is the number of chemical element that
mass number. can be found in periodic system. While mass number is the
total number of proton and neuron.
2.01E. Name the subatomic particles Proton is a stable and the positively charged particle and
of an atom and indicate their can be found inside the nucleus.
location. Neutron is a subatomic particle with neutral or no charges
and can be found inside the nucleus.
Electron is subatomic particle with negative charges and
can be found outside the nucleus.
2.01F. Compare and contrast ionic Both undergo exothermic process but Ionic Bonding are
and covalent bonds. formed between metal and non-metal, gives electrons to
the other atom while Covalent Bonds occur between two
non-metals and share the same amount between atoms.
2.01G. Explain what creates a Hydrogen bond occur when hydrogen is covalently bonded
hydrogen bond and relate its with elements like fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen, The
importance. mentioned elements are electronegative. The importance

©Biofacultymember2020
NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology
Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University
of hydrogen bonding is, It’s responsible for water’s solvent
capabilities.

2.01H. Differentiate between a A molecule is a group of two or more chemically bonded

molecule and a compound.
2.01I. Describe the process of
dissociation.
2.02A. Summarize the characteristics
of synthesis, decomposition, and
exchange reactions.
2.02B. Explain how reversible
reactions produce chemical
equilibrium.
2.02C. Distinguish between chemical
reactions that release energy and
those that take in energy.
2.02D. Describe the factors that can
affect the rate of chemical reactions.
2.03A. Describe the pH scale and its
relationship to acidic and basic
solutions.
2.03B. Explain the importance of
buffers in organisms.
2.04A. Distinguish between
inorganic and organic molecules.
2.04B. Describe how the properties of Our body needs oxygen to obtain the energy we need to
oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water power our daily life processes. And carbon dioxide to
contribute to their physiological regulate the blood pH. And water to sustain hydration of
functions.
2.05A. Describe the structural
organization and major
functions of carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins, and nucleic
acids.
atoms that are being hold together, Whilst compound is a
mixture of different type of elements.
This happens when there is formation or breakage of
chemical bonds.
Synthesis is a formation of new molecule it needs energy to
do so. Decomposition is when energy is being released due
to the breakage of molecules and Exchange Reaction is
when Synthesis and Decomposition is combined.
It is when the concentrations of the product remains
unchanged.
The chemical reaction that release energy is called
exothermic example of this is the breakage of ATP. And
those that take in energy are all endothermic.
Concentration of the reactants implies that if the
concentration is higher, The rate is faster.
When the Temperature is higher the rate is faster.
Catalyst rises reaction rate but it remains unchanged
permanenty.
pH scale is the tool to specify whether it’s acid or base. pH
below 7 are considered acid and pH above 7 are base.
Buffers are really impotant to living organism because it
helps to maintain a normal, stable pH level.
Inorganic Molecules are those molecules that does not
contain carbon while Organic Molecules are those that
contains carbon.
the body.
Carbohydrate consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen its
major function is for short-term energy storage, conversion
to glucose quickly, used to make ATP for brain cells.
Lipids contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and is
insoluble in water. It functions as a long term energy
storage, Insulation to prevent heat loss, Protection to
organs, and a component of the cell membrane:
cholesterol.

©Biofacultymember2020
NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology
Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University
2.05B. Explain how enzymes work.
Proteins contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
and is needed to make skin, hair, nails and muscles, also
acts as an enzyme, immune system functions, contraction
of muscles and is part of the cell membrane.
Nucleic acids contains of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and
thymine and it functions as a storage or genetic material.
Enzymes works by decreasing the activation energy and
binding to reactant molecules and holding it.

III. CONCLUSION: Make general statement (Maximum of three sentences on what you have
learned on this activity.
-I learned more about the different chemicals of life, This activity also served as an ice breaker
and freshener to learn more about the topic as the discussions progress. I also learned the
different characteristics of molecules and their function to life and how these help us.

©Biofacultymember2020