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ইংরেজি সাহিত্য
লেকচাে: 03

Topic:
Neoclassical Period in English Literature

www.uttoron.academy
 THE NEOCLASSICAL PERIOD
Neoclassical literature was written between 1660 and 1798. This time period is broken down
into three parts: The Restoration period, the Augustan period, and the Age of Sensibility.

Writers of the Neoclassical period tried to imitate the style of the Romans and Greeks. Thus
the combination of the terms 'neo,' which means 'new,' and 'classical,' as in the day of the
Roman and Greek classics. This was also the era of The Enlightenment, which emphasized
logic and reason. It was preceded by The Renaissance and followed by the Romantic era. In
fact, the Neoclassical period ended in 1798 when Wordsworth published the Romantic 'Lyrical
Ballads'.

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 THE NEOCLASSICAL PERIOD
Neoclassical literature is characterized by order, accuracy, and structure. In direct opposition
to Renaissance attitudes, where man was seen as basically good, the Neoclassical writers
portrayed man as inherently flawed. They emphasized restraint, self-control, and common
sense. This was a time when conservatism flourished in both politics and literature.
Some popular types of literature included:
 Parody
 Essays
 Satire
 Letters
 Fables
 Melodrama
 Rhyming with couplets

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 THE NEOCLASSICAL PERIOD
The Neoclassical period is divided into 3 periods-
01. The The Restoration period
02. The Augustan Period
03. The Age of sensibility
The Restoration period:

Restoration literature is the English literature written during the historical period commonly
referred to as the English Restoration (1660–1689), which corresponds to the last years of
Stuart reign in England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland. In general, the term is used to denote
roughly homogenous styles of literature that centre on a celebration of or reaction to the
restored court of Charles II.

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESTORATION PERIOD LITERATURE
Characteristics of The Restoration period literature
1. Comedy of Manners. The Comedy of Manners is a theatrical genre that was popular
during the Restoration period.
2. Satire.
3. Heroic Couplet.
4. Social Life.
5. Politics.
6. Faith.
7. Restoration of Monarchy.
8. Rejection of Puritanism.

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 THE RESTORATION PERIOD
The Famous writers of The Restoration period
1. Samuel Butler
2. John Bunyan
3. John Dryden
4. Jon Locke
5. Sir George Etherge
6. William Wycherly
7. Thomas Otway
8. Nathanielly
9. Sir Vanbrug
10. William Congereve

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 SAMUEL BUTLER
Title:
 Epic Poet
 A great master of verse

Famous Works:
 Hudibras
 Erewhon
 Way of all flesh

Important quotes:
 “Life is like music, it must be composed by ear, feeling and instinct, not by rule
 “The greatest pleasure of a dog is that you may make a fool of yourself with him, and not
only will he not scold you, but he will make a fool of himself, too”.

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 POLL QUESTION-01
 “Erewhon” was written by-

(a) Sir Vanbrug

(b) Samuel Butler

(c) Edward Yound

(d) Joseph Addison

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
 Which of the following is a famous novel of “Samule Butler”?
(a) The Patriot (b) Pamela
(c) Way of all flesh (d) The Vicar of Wakefiled.

 Samuel Butler Wrote:

(a) Ulysses (b) Hudibras
(c) Tom Jones (d) Roots

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 JOHN BUNYAN
Title:
 English Prose writer

Famous works:
 The Pilgrim’s progress
 The Holy War
 The life and death of Mr. Badman
 Grace abounding

Important quotes:
 “You have not loved today until you have done something for someone who can never
repay you”.
 “In prayer it is better to have a heart without words than words without a heart”

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
 Bunyan Got popularity as a-
(a) Novelist (b) Preacher
(c) Dramatist (d) Poet

 “Pilgrim’s Progress was written by”

(a) John Milton (b) John Keats
(c) John bunyan (d) P.B Shelley

 Which of the following was not written by John Bunyan?

(a) The Holy war
(b) The rime of ancient mariner
(c) The life and death of Mr. badman
(d) Grace Abounding

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 THE SUMMARY OF PILGRIM’S PROGRESS
One of the most obvious themes in The Pilgrim's Progress is that of the pilgrimage or
journey. Bunyan writes the allegory entirely as a journey. Christian's temporal journey moves
from the City of Destruction to the City of Zion. However, the more significant journey is the
one that happens inside a pilgrim. This happens when the person realizes the blessing of
their election and changes his or her life to devote it to the Gospel. Ultimately, Christian
must "cross the river," or die trying and join the Father in Heaven, which the ultimate
achievement of the journey. However, before arriving at this point, he must face many
obstacles along the way.

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 JOHN DRYDEN
Title: Father of English criticism

Famous Works:
➢ The Indian Queen (1664/1665)
➢ The Indian Emperor (1665)
➢ The Conquest of Granada by the Spaniards (1672)
➢ Aureng-Zebe (1675)
➢ All for Love
➢ Troilus and Cressida; or, Truth Found Too Late (1679)
➢ Absalom and Achitophel (1681)
➢ Amphitryon
➢ Don Sebastian

Important quotes:
➢ They think too little who talk too much
➢ We first make our habits then habits make us.

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 POLL QUESTION-02
 Who wrote “All for love”?

(a) Jon Locke

(b) John Dryden

(c) William Congreve.

(d) Edward Young

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 ALL FOR LOVE
Important characters of “All for Love”
 Mark Antony
 Cleopatra
 Alexas
 Octavius

Summary of “All for Love”

All for Love dramatizes the clash between the forces of authority in the world and the desire
for personal freedom. The former is represented by Rome under the new emperor Octavius,
with its strict laws, military power, and strong central government. The latter is represented
by Egypt under Antony and Cleopatra, a kingdom outside the sway of the Roman Empire yet
that values pleasure and personal choice. The clash between Octavius and Antony is
particularly resonant for Dryden, who was writing in the aftermath of significant political
upheaval.

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 JOHN LOCKE
Famous works:
 An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
 Two Treatises of Government
 Some Thoughts Concerning Education
 The Reasonableness of Christianity

Important Quotes:
 “No man’s knowledge here can go beyond his experience”.
 “Parents wonder why the streams are bitter, when they themselves poisoned the
fountain”
 “It is of great use to the sailor to know the length of his line, though he cannot with it
fathom all the depths of the ocean”.

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 WILLIAM WYCHERLEY
Famous works:
 Love in a Wood
 The Gentleman Danci Master
 The Plain Dealer
 The Country Wife

Important quotes:
 “A good name is seldom got by giving it oneself”
 “Thy books should, like thy friends, not many be/Yet such wherein men may thy
judgment”.

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 THOMAS OTWAY
Famous works:
 The Orphan
 Venice Preserved

Important quote:
 “If we must part forever, Give me but one kind word to think upon And please myself
with, while my heart’s breaking”

Nathanielly

Famous work:
 The Duke of Guise.

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 SIR VANBRUGH
Famous works:

 The Relapse

 The Provoked Wife

 The Confederacy

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
 “The Confideracy” is a/an-
(a) Play (b) Epic
(c) Story (d) Essay

 Vanbrug was an ______ period’s writer.

(a) Romantic (b) Victorian
(c) Restoration (d) Augustan

 “The provoked wife” was written by-

(a) Thomas Otway (b) Sir Vanbrugh
(c) Nathanielly (d) Thomas gray

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 WILLIAM CONGREVE
Famous Works:
 The Double Dealer
 The Way of the World
 Love for Love
 The Old Bachelor
 The Morning Bride

Famous quotes:
 “If this be not love, it is madness and then it is pardonable”.
 “Music has charms to sooth a savage breast, to soften rocks or bed a knotted oak”.

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
 “The double dealer “ was written by-
(a) William Congreve (b) Sir Vanbrugh
(c) Samuel Butler (d) Alexander Pope

 Which of the following was not written by William Congreve?

(a) Love for love (b) All for love
(c) The morning bride (d) Old Bachelor

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 THE AUGUSTAN PERIOD
❖ Dated from 1700 to 1740 AD
❖ Also named as “Age of Pope”
❖ Literary epoch that featured the rapid development of the novel
❖ An explosion in satire, the mutation of drama from political satire into melodrama
❖ An evolution toward poetry of personal exploration.
❖ It was an age increasingly dominated by empiricism, while in the writings of political
economy.
❖ It marked the evolution of mercantilism as a formal philosophy, the development of
capitalism and the triumph of trade.

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
 Which age is known as “Age of Pope”?
(a) Jacobean age (b) Chaucer’s age
(c) Restoration age (d) Augustan age
 Who was Augustus?
(a) King of England (b) King Of Italy
(c) King of Spain (d) King of Morocco
 When did Augustan period begin?
(a) 1700 (b) 1071
(c) 1702 (d) 1703

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 THE AUGUSTAN PERIOD
Famous writers of Augustan Period:

 Alexander Pope

 Jonathan Swift

 Joseph Addison

 Daniel Defoe

 Samuel Richardson

 Henry Fielding

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 DANIEL DEFOE
Famous works:
 Robinson Crusoe
 Captain Singleton
 The True Born Englishman
 Roxana of the Fortunate Mistress
 The History of Colonel Jacque

Important quotes:
 All our discontents about what we want appeared to me to spring from the want of
thankfulness for what we have
 All evils are to be considered with the good that is in them and with what worse attends
them
 Redemption from sin is greater than redemption from affliction.

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 ROBINSON CRUSOE
Summary of “Robinson Crusoe”:

Crusoe’s success in mastering his situation, overcoming his obstacles, and controlling his
environment shows the condition of mastery in a positive light, at least at the beginning of
the novel. Crusoe lands is an inhospitable environment and makes it his home. His taming
and domestication of wild goats and parrots with Crusoe as their master illustrates his
newfound control. Moreover, Crusoe’s mastery over nature makes him a master of his fate
and of himself. Early in the novel, he frequently blames himself for disobeying his father’s
advice or blames the destiny that drove him to sea. But in the later part of the novel, Crusoe
stops viewing himself as a passive victim and strikes a new note of self-determination. In
building a home for himself on the island, he finds that he is master of his life—he suffers a
hard fate and still finds prosperity.

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
 How many years did Robinson Crusoe stay alone in the island?
(a) 21 years (b) 25 years
(c) 28 years (d) 30 years

 Crusoe’s father wanted Crusoe to be a-

(a) Teacher (b) Lawyer
(c) Priest (d) Sailor

 Which is not a work of Daniel Defoe?

(a) Robinson Crusoe (b) King of Aragon
(c) Captain Singleton (d) The True Born Englishman

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 JONATHAN SWIFT
Famous works:
 The Battle of the Books
 A Tale of a Tub
 Gulliver’s Travel
 Drapier’s Letter
 Journal to Stella
 Pamphlets on Church Questions

Important quotes:
 Vision is the art of seeing what is invisible to others
 A wise man should have money in his head but not in his heart
 Books, the children of the brain

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS
Important Characters of “Gulliver’s Travels” :
1. Gulliver
2. The emperor
3. Glumdamclitch
4. The farmer

Famous quote of “Gulliver travels”

 Of so little weight are the greatest services to princes when put into the balance with a
refusal to gratify their passions

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 POLL QUESTION-03
 “A Tale of a Tub” was written by-

(a) Daniel Defoe

(b) Jonathan Swift

(c) William Congreve

(d) G.B Shaw

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
 Which of the following was written by Jonathan Swift?
(a) Gulliver’s Travel (b) Gulliver and Lilliput
(c) A voyage to Lilliput (d) Lycidas

 Who translated “Gulliver’s Travel” in bangla?

(a) Jiban Ananda Das (b) Munir Chowdhury
(c) Abul Mansur Ahmed (d) Farrukk Ahmed

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 JOSEPH ADDISON
Title: A famous essayist

Famous works:
 Cato
 Coverley Papers

Important quotes:
1. Reading is to mind what exercise is to the body

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 SIR RICHARD STEELE
Famous works:
 The Funeral
 The Lying Lover
 The Tender Husband
 The Christmas Hero

Samuel Richardson:
Famous works:
 Pamela (First English novel)
 Clarissa
 The History of Sir Charles Grandisor

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 HENRY FIELDING
Title:
 Father of English Novel

Pen Name:
 Captain Hercules Vinegar

Famous works:
 Joseph Andrews
 Tom Jones
 Jonathan Wild

Important quotes:
1. Conscience- the only incorruptible thing about us
2. Guilt has very quick ears to an accusation

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
 Which of the following was not written by Henry Fielding?
(a) Joseph Andrews (b) Pamela
(c) Amelia (d) Tom Jones
 What is the pen name of Henry Fielding?
(a) O. Henry (b) Joseph Conrad
(c) Lee (d) Captain Hercules Vinegar
 Who is considered to be the father of English novel?
(a) Francis bacon (b) Geoffrey Chaucer
(c) William Shakespeare (d) Henry Fielding

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 JAMES THOMSON
Famous works:
 The Seasons (poem)
 Sophonisba
 Alfred
 Liberty

Edward Young
Famous works:
 Death and immortality
Important quote:
 Friendship’s the wine of life, but friendship new is neither strong nor pure

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
 Edward Young was an author of ____ period.
(a) Elizabeth (b) Augustan
(c) Victorian (d) Romantic
 Who said “Procrastination is a thief of time?”
(a) Robert Frost (b) Edward Young
(c) Alexander pope (d) Christopher Marlowe
 Death and immortality was written by-
(a) Jonathan Swift (b) G.B Shaw
(c) Henry Fielding (d) Edward Young

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 ALEXANDER POPE
Title:
 Mock Heroic Poet

Famous works:
 An Essay on Criticism
 The Rape of Lock
 Essay on Man
 Pastorals
 Messiah
 Prologue to the Satires

Important quotes:
 To err is human, to forgive is divine
 Fools rush in where angels fear to tread
 A little learning is a dangerous thing

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 POLL QUESTIONS-04
 Alexander Pope’s “An Essay on a Man” is a-

(a) Novel

(b) Short story

(c) Poem

(d) Elegy

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
 Who said-“To err is human”?
(a) Alfred Tennyson (b) William Blake
(c) John Milton (d) Alexander Pope

 Alexander Pope’s famous work-

(a) The Rape of the Lock (b) Spectator
(c) The Deserted Village (d) Man was make to mourn

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 THE AGE OF SENSIBILITY
 Dated from 1745 to 1785 A.D
 Sometimes called the “Age of Johnson”
 “Pre Romantic Age”
 Age of Reason

Famous writers :
 Samuel Johnson
 Samuel Richardson
 Oliver Goldsmith
 Thomas Gray
 William Blake
 Edward Gibbon
 Edmund Burke

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
 When did the age of sensibility begin?
(a) 1740 (b) 1742
(c) 1745 (d) 1750

 Which age is known as- “Pre Romantic Age”?

(a) Augustan (b) Sensibility
(c) Jacobian (d) Edwardian

 Which of the following writer does not belong to the age of sensibility?
(a) Oliver Goldsmith (b) William Blake
(c) Thomas Nashe (d) Samuel Johnson

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 SAMUEL JOHNSON
Title:
 Father of English Dictionary
 Father of English one act Play
 First Lexicographer in English

Famous works:
 A Dictionary of the English Language
 Preface to Shakespeare
 Rasselas, Prince of Abbyssinia

Important Quotes:
 Great works are performed not by strength but by perseverance
 Kindness is in our power, even when fondness is not

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
 Who wrote the firsy English Dictionary?
(a) Samuel Johnson. (b) Samuel Butler
(c) Samuel Richardson (d) Samuel Thomson

 “Irene” was written by-

(a) Thomas Gray (b) Christopher Marlowe
(c) Thomas Kyd (d) Samuel Johnson

 Which of the following was not written by Samuel Johnson?

(a) The lives of Poets (b) Lyrical Ballads
(c) Irene (d) Preface to Shakespeare

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 THOMAS GRAY
Title: English Poet

Famous Works:
 Elegy Written in the Country Churchyard
 The Fatal Sisters
 The Decent of Odir

Important Quotes:
1. Many a flower is born to blush unseen
2. Where ignorance is bliss it is folly to be wise.

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 EDMUND BURKE
Famous works:
 Reflection on the Revolution in France

Important quotes:
 The greater the power the more dangerous the abuse
 Superstition is a religion of feeble minded person
 You can never plan the future by the past

William Collins
Famous Works:
 Persian Epilogues

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 OLIVER GOLDSMITH
Title:
 Irish Writer
 Poet
 Novelist
 Playwright

Famous Works:
 The Citizen of the World
 The Vicar of the Wakefield
 The Traveller
 The Good Natured Man

Famous quotes:
 Life is a journey that must be traveled no matter how bad the roads and accommodations.

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 EDWARD GIBBON
Famous Works:
 The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

Richard Binsay Sheridan:

1. The Duenna
2. The Rivals
3. The school for Scandal

Important quote:
 Fertilizer does no good in a heap, but a little spread around works miracles all over.

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 WILLIAM BLAKE
Title :
 Both a Poet and Artist
 A Metaphysical Poet

Famous works:
 Songs of innocence
 Songs of Experience
 Poetical Sketches
 The Marriage of Heaven and Hell

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
 Who of the following was both a poet and painter?
(a) John Keats (b) John Donne
(c) William Blake (d) William Couper

 Who wrote “Songs of Innocence”?

(a) Jonathan Swift (b) Joseph Andrews
(c) William Blake (d) Samuel Butler

 Who among the following is not a novelist?

(a) Thomas hardy (b) James Joyce
(c) Makepeace Thackery (d) William Blake

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 WILLIAM COUPER
Famous works:
 Table Talk
 The Task

Important Quotations:
 Variety’s the very spice of life, that gives it all its flavor

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 POLL QUESTION-05
 “Table Talk” was written by-

(a) Samuel Johnson

(b) Oliver Goldsmith

(c) William Blake

(d) William Couper

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
 “The Task” is a –
(a) Play (b) Poem
(c) Epic (d) Essay

 Couper was not the author of-

(a) Mother (b) Table Talk
(c) The task (d) Olnoy ayms

 What kind of literature “Absalom and Achitophel” is ?-

(a) Romantic (b) Tragedy
(c) Political satire (d) Elegy

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
 Who among the following is not a writer of “Augustan period”?
(a) Jon Locke (b) Thomas Otway
(c) Nathanielly (d) Henry Fielding

 Who is called the “Master of English Satire”?

(a) Francis Bacon (b) John Dryden
(c) Jonathan Swift (d) Samuel Johnson

 William Blake is a writer of _____ period

(a) Restoration (b) sensibility
(c) romantic (d) Modern

ইংরেজি সাহিত্য-
www.uttoron.academy