vi TRf, vni TRd cQfl SI'N BINH THAN, ofii NGUvfr ahu
TflONG KHRNG CHICN CHdNG QUAN XM LUOC M 6 N G - NGUV^N
S au hkng loat cac dong tac hong
khua't phue vua nhli T r i n bi th&'t
bai, Hot T^t Liet quyet tap trung lilc liidng
xSm lUdc Dai Vi$t.
Bi§t ro Hot Ta't Liet quyet tam xam
chii'm nildc ta bang moi gia v^ xac dinh
cuoc khang chiS'n ch6ng qu&n x&m Ixidc
Mong - Nguyen liln thG II1^ v6 ciing ac liSt,
vi vay, mot hoi nghi quan sii do cac vua
Trfin da diidc t6 chiic vko thang 11 nSm
1282 dg ban phiidng hiidng khang chien:
"Mda ddng, thdng 10 (11-1282), vua ngUra
Binh Than, dong d vung Trdn Xd, hop
vUOng hdu bdch quan, bdn he sdch cdng thu
vd chia gudn dong gid nhdng nOi hiim yeu"
(1). Day la h6i nghi xac dinh phiidng hiidng
chien Iiidc va to chile b6 may chi huy cho'ng
quSn x^m liidc Mong - Nguyen. Trong h6i
nghi nay, vua Tran Nhan Tong va Thiiqtng
hoang Trfin Thanh T6ng da quyet dinh trao
quyen tong chi huy qufin trig'u (Hnh nha
Trfin cho Trfin Qu6c Tua'n, Nhan Hu§
viidng Trfin Khanh Du \km Pho do Tiidng
quan.
Do tfnh cha't quan trong cua cuoc hdi
nghi, trai qua nhiing high dong ciia tg
nhi§n, xa hoi va thcii gian nen viec xac dinh
' TS. Vi$n Sii hoc
HA MANH KHOA'
nhiing dia diem lien quan den vS^n d^ n^y
da la mot de tai difqfc gidi nghien cflu Sii
hoc quan tam va bUdc dfiu da cd mot s6 kgt
qua dang khich 1§. Tuy vky, d§h nay v i n
con nhQng dieu chiia the xac dinh m6t each
ro rang, cu the, trong do cd vi^e xac dinh
ben Binh Than ngay nay thudc dia diem
nao. Triidc h§'t d^ tim hilu ve ben Binh
Than la xac dinh sdng Binh Than.
1, Sdng Binh Than thdi Trdn, tdc
song Luc Ddu ngdy nay
Sdng Luc Dfiu, cdn goi la sdng Binh
Giang hay Binh Than la ten goi cua doan
cudi song Thii'lng cd chieu dai hdn 10km,
chS rdng nha't ii„n 1km chay sat qua m6
tay nam dfi't Van Ki^p. Goi la sdng Luc Dfiu
hay Luc Dfiu Giang vi doan sdng nfiy phia
tren nhfin niidc cua ba con sdng, sdng Cfiu,
song Thiidng vfi song Luc Nam, phia diidi
hdp vdi song Dud'ng roi dd' ra biln Ddng
b^ng hai ddng song ldn lfi sdng Thai Binh
vfi sdng Kinh Thfiy. Theo An Nam [Chi
Nguyen] "Sdng Binh Than, co tin Id Bdn
Than, lgi co ten Id Bdi Than, a huyen Chi
Linh, phdt nguyen td XuOng Giang den
sdng Thi Cdu hai nhdnh hdp lUu, chdy qua
hai nui Chi Linh, Phd Lgi, quanh co menh

mdng khdng ro ddu Id bd bin, din cda sdng
D6 M$ thi re chia ldm hai nhdnh vd chdy
vdo bdn" (2). Theo chii thfch ciia Dgi Vi4t
sd ky todn thU thi Binh Than lfi do^n edng
L^c Dfiu chay qua huy$n Chf Linh, tinh
nki DUdng) (3).
VQ Phitdng D^ trong sfich "Cdng dU ti$p
ki" ch^p v€ sdng Li^c D&u nhii sau: '^Sdng
Lgc Ddu d huy^n Chi Linh, gidp cdc huy^n
Phugng Nhdn, Yin D&ng, Qui DUdng vd
Gia Dinh. M$t chi td sdng Phugng Nhdn di
xudng, mdt chi td sdng Xuang Giang di tdi,
hdi lgi thdnh ngd ba sdng, mdt chi tU sdng
Nhu Nguyet di xud'ng. Mdt chi td sdng Tam
Giang di lgi gap nhau d sdng Binh Than.
Sdng ndy trong sgch, nUdc tham ngon ngUdi
ta ggi Id nUdc Binh Than. Cdc nggn sdng
hgi lgi d sdng Triiu DUOng ldm ra mdt khdc
sdng rdt rdng ldn. d ddy lgi chia thdnh hai
chi: Mdt chi chdy din ben dd Bdn Khi roi di
vi phia Nam, mdt chi chdy din vdng Trdn
Xd roi di vi phia Ddng. Tdt cd 6 chi dy ldm
thdnh sdng Luc Ddu. Gida sdng cd bdi cat
goi Id bdi Bgi Than. Cdc nhd phong thuy
goi kiiu ddt "luc long tranh chdu" (4).
Bgi Nam nhdt thd'ng chi, t r i l u Nguyin
ghi: "Sdng Luc Bdu cdch huyen Chi Linh
14 ddm ve phia nam, ben td thudc dia
phdn xd Phao San trong huyin, ben
hduthuQc xd Phd Lgi huyin Que Duong,
tinh Bdc Ninh, d chd gidp gidi tinh Ddng
vd tinh Bdc. Sdng ndy mdt chi td PhUOng
Nhdn tinh Bdc Ninh chdy din, mdt chi td
sdng Thien Bdc chdy den, m^t chi td sdng
Nguyit BUc chdy din, mdt chi td sdng
Nhdt Ddc chdy den, hop nhau d Binh
Than. Din xd Ly Duong, xUa ggi Id vung
Ldo Nhgn, the nUdc menh mdng lgi chia
ldm 2 chi, mdt chi td ben dd Ldu Khi md
chdy vi nam, mgt chi td sdng Linh Hgi md
chdy vi ddng, dy Id sdng Luc Ddu. Bdi
gida sdng ggi Id bdi Bgi Than".
Kgnien cini iiich ag, si/ iz.aulZ
Theo Ding Khdnh dU dia chi (5), phfin
ch6p v$ tinh Hdi DUdng thi Binh Than lfi
ndi cClng h^i t ^ cua 4 con s6ng (Trigm
Dac/ThiSn Diic, Nguyit DUc, Nh^t Diic vfi
sdng d huy$n P h K ^ g Nhan) d l rdi chia
thfinh 2 con sdng khfic lfi Hfim Giang vfi
sdng Thil Chfin. Nhii t h ^ Binh Than lfi khu
vi^c xung quanh cvta D^i Than (ndi bfit dfiu
cua sdng Thfii Binh vfi sdng Kinh Thfiy) vfi
viing dflft ven ct(a D^i Than (ngfiy nay
thuOc v l cfic xfi nha: xfi Nhfin Hu§, huy$n
Chf Linh; xfi Hi$p Cfit, Nam HUng, huy$n
Nam Sfich, t m h Hai Diidng; xfi Cao Diic,
huy$n Gia Binh vfi xa Trung Kgnh, An
Thjnh, huy§n LUdng Tfii, tinh Bflc Ninh)
gii3a sdng cd m$t bfii phd xa goi lfi bai
Nguy$t Bfin tit tnidc dfi c6 mdt ngdi mi^u
thcl tranh tiidng Tam phu.
Ngfiy nay, sdng Binh Than trgn thiic dia
nhli sau:
Sdng Binh Than hay sdng L\ic Dfiu lfi
h0p lUu cua 6 con sdng c6 mfi Binh Than lfi
m^t lfing b hiiu ng^n thudc trung lUu ciia 6
con sdng.
Nhfinh thii nhfTt tii bfic xuong lfi sdng
Lyc Nam. Nhfinh thii hai cung tit Tfiy Bic
xud'ng lfi sdng Thiidng. Nhfinh thii ba lfi
sdng Cfiu. Nhfinh thii t a lfi sdng Dui^ng,
h0p lau vdi Lyc Dfiu t^i Binh Than, thuoc
xa Cao Diic, dSi ngan lfi b i n Nhan Loan,
thudc thdn L^ DUdng, dadi thdn C l Chau
Tha<?ng, nay thupc xa Co Thfinh.
Tit nga ba, ndi h^p liiu sdng Luc Nam
vdi sdng Thadng, chay v l phfa ddng, din
doan chia thfinh hai nhfinh b hat liiu dfii
khoang 18km.
Sdng Kinh Thfiy b i t dfiu tii day. Sdng
Kinh Thfiy mdi cd tgn trgn ban d6 tU dfiu
thi" ky XX, trade dd lfi ten con sdng co.
Do^n thUdng liiu cd tgn lfi sdng Lfiu Khg,
cfich nga ba Lfiu Khg khoang l-2km v l
V!M. vai tr6cAab^iBlnhThan...
phfa ddng, thdi Trfin goi lfi Trfin Xfi Loan,
tiic vung Trfin Xfi. Loan Ifi vung, Trfin Xfi
lfi ten lfing cl hQu ngan, nay thu^c xa Nam
Hong, huydn Chf Linh, tinh Hai DUdng.
Tgn sdng Kinh Thfiy chfnh lfi tfin con
sdng ndi tig'p nhau: Lfiu Khg, Thu Chfin vfi
Sfii Giang. Sau khi Phfip xfim lade mdi cd
tdn lfi sdng Kinh Thfiy.
Nhanh thii hai chay v l sdng Tha<?ng,
Hfim Giang, goi lfi sdng Hfim Giang, tiic
thUdng lUu sdng Thfii Binh ngfiy nay.
Sdng Luc Dfiu lfi nguIn cung cfi'p nUdc
cho dong rudng, nguSn thuy san tU nhign
vd ciing phong phQ cho vQng Ddng Bic
dong bang Bic Bd. Sdng Luc Dfiu cd vai trd
quan trong v l giao thdng, phue vu cho vi$c
giao thUdng kinh t^, chfnh tri vfi quan si^
eiia ca viing Ddng Bic. TQ Van Kig'p theo
sdng Luc Nam - Minh DQc ngUde ddng tdi
Lyc Nam, qua Chii (Bic Giang) roi ldn bifin
gidi Lang Sdn; tQ Lyc Nam re phai qua Ba
Chg (Quang Ninh) r6i ra bien Ddng. Theo
sdng ThUdng - Nhfit DQc ngUdc ddng len tdi
Bic Giang, Bfic Sdn, Thfii Nguyen... roi di
sfiu vfio cfic dia phUdng vQng nui phfa Bfic.
Sdng Cfiu - Nguy$t DQc dSn len Bfie Ninh,
PhQ L5, Thfii Nguygn... TQ Van Kiip theo
sdng Dud'ng tdi sdng Hong v l Kinh dd
Thfing Long, tQ day ldn Bach Hac, Vi$t Tri,
Phu Tho... Tii Van Kig'p theo sdng Kinh
Thfiy tdi Bach Dfing ra cQa Nam Tri^u tdi
khu Bai Chay, Ha Long; Theo sdng Thfii
Binh xudi ddng qua dfi^t Hai DUdng, tdi
Vinh Bao, Kig'n Thuy (Hai Phdng), Qu^nh
Phu (Thfii Binh) rii ra biln Ddng.
TQ nhQng ghi ch^p cua SLE lidu cho ta
thfiy sdng Binh Than lfi ranh gidi hai
huygn Chi Linh eua tinh Hai DUdng vfi
huygn Gia Binh tinh Bic Ninh ngfiy nay:
m$t bgn lfi xa Nam HUng, huyen Chf Linh,
39
tinh Hai Dudng; ra^t bdn lfi xa Cao DQc,
huy$n Gia Binh tinh Bic Ninh.
2. Bg'n B i n h T h a n vfi b a i Nguygt Bfin
Theo SQ li$u vfi nhQng nghifin cQu gfin
dfiy cho bil't vj trf 2 dilm nfiy thu0c cfic
tmh Hai DUdng vfi tinh Bic Ninh.
2.1. Thudc Hdi Duang
Khdm dinh Vi^t sd Thdng gidm Cuang
muc ghi trong phfin ldi ehua lfi: "Binh
Than Id tin ben db d dia phgn xd Trdn Xd,
huy^n Chi Linh" (6). TQc lfi xa Trfin Xfi,
ting Cao Ddi, huy$n Chf Linh (7) th&i
Nguyin. Ngfiy nay t^i khu vyc ven sdng
Kinh Thfiy nfiy vSn cdn lfing Trfin Xa thude
xfi Nam Hung, huy$n Nam Sfich, tinh Hai
DUdng.
Theo NguySn Vfin Sidu, Dgi Viet dia dU
todn bien thi TrUdng Phy tudng nhfi Minh
xfim lUdc nUdc ta "dd ddt trgm dudng thuy
d Binh Than vd sd vdn chuyin Binh Than
thudc huyen Chi Linh" (8) vfi vfio thdi
Nguyen dat ty Tufin kiim "d cda sdng Binh
Than d huyin Thanh Ldm". Sau khi "bo
huyen Thanh Ldm thi ty Tudn Kiem Binh
Than thudc vi huyen Nam Sdch". Theo
Nguygn Vfin Tfin thi: "Binh Than Id ben dd
thudc ldng Trdn Xd, huyen Chi Linh (nay
thudc huygn Nam Thanh) tinh Hdi DUOng
tdc vdo khodng td bin phd Binh tren dUdng
td thi trdn Nam Sdch di Phd Lgi" (9).
2.2. Thudc Bac Ninh
Sach Dgi Nam nhdt thd'ng chi khi chfip
v l sdng Luc Dfiu nhU sau: "Bin td thudc xd
Phao San thugc huyen Chi Linh; ben hdu
thudc dia phdn xd Phd Lgi, huyin Qui
Duong tinh Bac Ninh, gida sdng cd bdi Dgi
Than" (10).
Dong Khdnh dU dia chi, phfin tinh Bic
Ninh ghi "xd Dgi Than thudc tong Vgn Tu,
huyen Gia Binh ". Dia danh nay thugc xd
Cao Ddc, huyen Gia Binh, tinh Bac Ninh,
40 Rghian eilru Itjeh sUr, sO lS!.aoia

bin bd nam sdng Budng ndi di vdo Luc Dfiy chfnh lfi bai Dai Than mfi sQ hfiu da
Bdu Giang". ghi vfi gid dfiy thu0c xa Cao DQc, huygn Gia
Trong sfich Bia danh vd tdi li$u lUu trd Binh. Trgn bai bii lfi d i n Tam Phu vd'n
vi ldng xd Bac ky d\ic}c lUu trQ t£ii Trung dUiJc nhfin dfin dia phUdng khdi di;ing tQ
tfim Lau trQ Qud'c gia do Vi0n Viln Ddng lfiu ddi. D i n Tam Phu thd: Thifin Phu, Dia
Bac cl, Nhfi xufi't ban Vfin hofi Thdng tin vfi Phii, Thuy Phu vfi cdn phSi thd mot stf
Cyc Lau trQ Nhfi nUdc xufi't ban nfim 1999 nhfin thfin. Ngdi d i n ed d^u fi'n kig'n tnic co
thi cfic dia danh Binh Than du^c ghi chfip ciia thdi Lg vfi Nguyin.
nhu sau: "Thdn Binh Than thudc xd Bgi Nhu vfiy, Binh Than khdng chrifi tgn
Ldm, huyin Gia Binh, tinh Bdc Ninh" vfi mdt con sdng mfi cdn lfi tgn mdt b^n sdng
duy nhfi't dUdc ghi chi cd m0t dia danh nfiy vfi tgn ciia mdt lfing vfi cung vdi bai Dai
trong ten lfing xa Bic k^ thdi Phfip thu^c. Than cl vfio thdi Trfin mfi nay cfic dja danh
Sfich Bgi cUOng lich sd Viit Nam, dd dang hi$n hQu lfi lfing Tieu Than, Binh
vi^t:"Binh Than Id ben sdng ldn tren cda Than... vfi bai Nguygt Bfin thude xa Cao
sdng Bud'ng di vdo sdng Luc Bdu (nay DQc, huy$n Gia Binh (Bfic Ninh).
thudc xd Dgi Than, Gia LuOng, Bac Ninh) 3. Bg'n Binh Than vfi bai Nguygt Bfin
gdn thdi dp Vgn Kiip cua Trdn HUng Dgo, t r o n g c u p c k h a n g chi^n chfTng q u a n
Id dia diem qudn sU hiem yiu" (11). x a m ItfcFc M o n g • N g u y e n
Khi khao sat thUc dia b xa Cao DQc, Vdi vi trf dia - chfnh tri, Luc Dfiu giang
huy^n Gia Binh thi bg'n Binh Than thudc lfi cQa ngo di - v l giQa Kinh dd Thfing Long
phia hQu ngan, thudc nga ba sdng Duong vfi bien Ddng; la cfiu noi giao thoa vfin hoa
vfi Luc Dfiu. Trdn ban do hifin dai cung nhU eua xQ Bfic, xQ Ddng vfi Kinh do Thfing
vfiy, Xa Cao DQc, huyen Gia Binh hien nay Long..., ngn trong cfic cudc hfinh binh xam
cd cfic lfing Tilu Than, Binh Than... Con la(?c eua phUdng Bic, chung thUdng di
cfic xa trong khu vUc huydn Chf Linh hofie dudng thuy vfio sdng Bach Dfing rii ngUdc
cac xfi khac thudc huyen Gia Binh diu vfio sdng Kinh Thfiy, tfip ke't d Lyc Dfiu
khdng cd dia danh nfiy. Giang trade khi tfi'n cdng vfio Thfing Long
Qua do ta thfi'y cfic sQ ligu cd thd'ng nhfi't cung vdi efinh quan b0 tQ Lang Sdn xuSTng.
v l sdng Binh Than, nhUng lai khdng thd'ng Khi bi thua, gific eung thudng tfip k i t tai
nhfi't v l vi trf cu the cua ben Binh Than, vi dfiy trUdc khi ve nUdc. Vi the, sud't chilu
mot con sdng thudng lfi ranh gidi cila mdt dfii lich sQ chd'ng ngo^i xfim ciia dfin too,
lfing, mot xa, mot huy^n, mpt tinh vfi cd khi Lyc Dfiu Giang ludn lfi diem quyet chigh
lfi bidn gidi qud'c gia vfi vi thg' khi cd mdt chi^n lupc, cfin cQ qufin sU chd't giQ d phia
bg'n dd trgn ddng sdng dd thi ngUdi vi^t c6 Ddng Bic kinh dd Thfing Long. Trong cudc
khi cl "bgn hQu" thi cho lfi thudc dia phUdng khang chi^n cho'ng xfim lUdc Mdng
"bgn hQu" vfi cl "bgn ta" thi cho la thude dia Nguygn cudi the" ky XIII, Luc Dfiu giang da
phUdng "ben ta". Dilu dd khdng c6 gi la. dien nhQng trfin thuy chien fie li^t giQa
NhUng cd mot dilu khdng t h i khdng quan quan ddi nhfi Trfin vfi quan Mfing
tam lfi tgn bg'n dd hofie dong sdng ludn g i n Nguygn.
vdi dia danh mfi no chay qua. Thang 2 nfim 1285, sau trfin giao chiln
VI bai Nguygt Bfin. Nguyfit Bfin lfi bai quyg^t li^t vdi quan Nguydn d ai Ndi Bfing
bli ldn noi Ign giQa ddng sdng Binh Than. (Chu, Bic Giang), Trfin Hang Dao lui vl
Vi h-i. vai h-a cda ben Binh Than...
Van Kiip. V^n Kig'p lfi ndi hdi ty eua Lyc
Dfiu Giang. Tai day, Trfin HUng Dao da tfip
trung mdt binh lUc r^t ldn tQ trade vfi sau
dd lai dilu thgm qufin dfin 10 Hai Ddng vfi
qufin cfic VUdng hau. Ridng cfic con trai eua
Trfin Qud'c Tufi'n la "HUng Vu VUOng
Nghiin, Minh Hiin VuOng Udt, HUng
Nhugng VUOng Tdng, HUng Tri VUOng
Hien dd'c sudt 20 vgn qudn cdc xdBdng Hd,
Na Sdm, Trd Huong, Yen Sinh, Long Nhdn
din hgi d Vgn Kiip, theo quyin diiu khien
cua HUng Dgo VuOng de chdng qudn
Nguyin" (12). DUa vfio dia thi' vQng nfiy,
Trfin Qud'c Tufi'n da bd' trf mdt phdng tuyg'n
ldn trdn sdng Binh Than. Ong da eho ddng
quan d Van Kiep vfi mdt sQ' dia dilm khfic
dua vfio thg' nui d ta ngan sdng Binh Than,
d hQu ngan quan ta cdn ddng d niii Pha Lai
(Qug' Vd, Bic Ninh): "Sau khi dd tap hgp
binh lUc, HUng Dgo VUOng Trdn Qud'c
Tudn dinh diing tdt cd lUc lUOng do, dUa
vdo dia thi cua vung Vgn Kiip vd sdng
Binh Than, bd'tri mdt phbng tuyin dingdn
chdn budc tien cua qudn thd... Trdn Qud'c
Tudn cdn dem hOn nghin chiic thuyen dong
cdch Vgn Kiip mudi dgm" (13). Trfin sdng
Binh Than, thuyen chien cua quan nhfi
Trfin tfip trung doc sdng, dl tilp Qng cho
eac cQ dilm tren bd. Theo ghi chfip eua
Nguyen sd, CuOng muc vk Trdn dgi vUOng
binh Nguyen thuc luc: HUng Dao VUdng
dem hdn nghin chien thuyin bfiy trfin "dUc
thuy" b ckch. sdng Van Kiip mUdi dfim (14).
Cho ddng qufin cua Qudc TuSin lfi cQa Dai
Than (cQa sdng Dud'ng thdng vdi sdng Luc
Dfiu). Dfiy lfi mdt khdc sdng rdng ldn vfi
hiem yg'u, vdi bai noi ldn d giQa nga ba sdng
(bai Dai Than). Tren bai lau sfiy moc um
tiim, gid'ng nhU mdt "d^i chiln ham" ta
nhien, c6 t h i bd" tri qufin bd h5 trd cho quan
thuy tfic chi^n tren sfing. Qufin thuy nhfi
Trfin dua vao bai noi Dai Than xay dUng
mot hg thd'ng phdng thu kien co, cd thuyin
chil'n ke't hpp vdi cpc go giQa sdng. Trgn bd,
rfio g5 dUqIc dung lfin lfim chil'n luj. Sau
chiln lu;? efie c6 phfio dfi chufin bi sfin sfing
b i n vfio qufin gi|ie. Qufin chS't d day ching
nhQng cd t h i xudi theo sdng Thai Binh
hofie Kinh Thfiy d l ra biln mfi edn cd t h i
chfin gific tiln vfio Thfing Long theo dudng
sdng DuCTng.
Ngfiy 6 thang gigng nfim At D^u (11-2-
1285), 6 Ma Nhi b i t dfiu chia qufin tfi'n
cfing vfio cac cfin cQ ciia qufin ta d Van Kiip
vfi nui Pha Lai. Mpt cuoc chien dfi'u ac li^t
da xay ra tren phdng tuyg'n song Luc Dfiu.
Qufin bd cua dich dfinh vfio cac cQ dilm cua
qufin ta d hai bd sdng. Quan ta chd'ng tra
manh lidt. Trong khi t^n cdng Van Kig'p,
tudng Nguyen lfi Van hd Nghe Nhufin da
bd mang. Thi' qufin gific rCt manh. Vua
Trfin da dem cfic qufin Thanh DUc vfi hdn
mot nghin chiln thuyin de'n tflng vifin cho
Trfin Hung Dao. Cude chien da'u anh dung
cua quan ta kdo dfii bdn ngfiy. Ngfiy 14
thfing 2 nam 1285, efie tUdng Nguyen la 0
Ma Nhi, chidu thao Na Khai, trfi'n thii Tdn
Lfim DQc da dem ehiln thuyen giao ehie'n
vdi binh thuyen cua quan ta do vua Trfin
chl huy. Mot cudc chiln dfi'u fie ligt da xay
ra trgn sdng nUde Binh Than. Cd the ndi,
day la rapt trong nhQng trfin thuy chien ldn
nhfit, dl tigu hao sinh iQc dich, dong thdi
the hien chu trUdng rQt lui chifi'n lUdc cua
b$ ehi huy tdi cao. Trfin HUng Dao nhfin
thfi'y chUa t h i chfin dQng dUpc bade tiln
cua gifie nen sau trfin danh ngfiy 14-2-
1285, da ra lgnh nit quan khoi efie dia dilm
Van Kiep, Pha Lai, Binh Than.
Thang 6 nfim 1285, nham tidu diet dpi
quan chii lac do Thofit Hoan cfim dfiu tren
dudng rut chay khdi Dai Viet, Trfin HUng
D90 quyit dinh chpn Van Kiip - Luc Dfiu
lfim dilm quyet chifi'n chien lUdc. Tai dfiy,
dng da giao cho Pham Ngu Lao tho'ng Hnh
42
trgn ba v^n qufin chii li^c cQng qufin vfi dfin
dja phUdng l^p tr£kn dja mai phyc k€o dfii
khoang 7 - 8 dfim, tii Pha L^i dl'n V^n
Kig'p. Ddng sdng Lyc Dfiu, cfinh d i n g V^n
Kig'p biln thfinh nfi'm m l k h i n g l l chdn vQi
dofin qufin xfim lu^c. Chiln t h i n g V^n
Kig'p lfim cho d^i qufin Thofit Hoan hofing
lo^n, tiln qufin tan tfic, h^u qufin r§u rfl.
Thofit Hoan phai sai Lf H i n g ed' g i n g chi
huy dfim tfin qufin nfiy vfi md dudng mfiu
chay v l phfa Lang Sdn. V^n Kiip dfi di vfio
lieh sii dfin t$c nhu m$t trong nhQng chilh
edng hiin hfich chdi lpi. "Chiin thdng Vgn
Kiip cdng chdng to mUu cao rn^o gioi, tdi
diiu binh khien tudng cua Tiit Chi Trdn
Hiing Bgo. Trdn dgi thdng ndy dd hodn
thank mgt cdch xudt sdc, ddnh dgi bgi
dodn qudn xdm lUdc dugc minh danh Id
tinh nhui nhdt thdi bdy gid. Ciing vdi chiin
thdng Nhu Nguyet, Vinh Binh, nd dd gdp
phdn quyit dinh vdo thdng lgi chung cua
cudc khdng chiin chd'ng xdm lUOc Mdng
Nguyen ldn hai" (15).
Trong cude khang chilh ehdhg Mdng-
Nguygn nfim 1288, nhfin thfiy vai tro quan
trpng ciia khu vuc Van Kig'p, tUdng Mdng
Co la Thoat Hoan da chig'm ddng vQng Van
Ki^p - Luc Dfiu, hil'n ndi nfiy thfinh mfit
efin cQ vQng chic r i i mdi til'n qufin: "hdn
dd sai Ltiu Uyen dem hai vgn qudn thuy bd
ddnh chiem sdng Vgn Kiip (sdng Luc Bdu)
vd thdnh Linh Son (d nui Chi Linh)... lgi
sai Trinh Bang Phi, A-Li, Luu Giang chi
huy hai vgn qudn gid Vgn Kiip vd ldm
thdnh trgi bang gd d nui Phd Lgi, nui Chi
Linh di chda luong. NhU vdy Id Thodt
Hoan dUa vdo vi tri thudn lgi cua sdng Luc
Ddu, xdy dung cdc cd diim trin cdc nggn
nui dgc hai ben sdng, biin vdng ndy thdnh
mdt khu cdn cU cho cd qudn bd ldn gudn
thuy" (16).
Rghien elhi Ljch sJr, stf 12.2012
V l phfa ta, chilh la(?c cdng thu c6 khfic
trUdc. d nhQng ndi h i l m yl'u trdn dudng
til'n qufin cua gific, Trfin HUng D^o cung b^
trf nhQng d^i qufin trflin giQ, nhung s i
qufln khdng ldn, cd nhifim vy dfinh eh$n
d l kim chfin gi§c, sau dd n i t lui d l b^o
tofin li^c Ixtgne chd cd hOi phan cdng. Ngfiy
16 thfing 12 fim lich, vua Trfin sai Minh tii
NguySn ThQc dem qufin DQng nghia
Thfinh dye d^n giQ cQa Dai Than giiip
thfim cho HUng Dao Vudng. "Thdng 12,
ngdy 16, chiiu sai minh tU Nguyin Thdc
dem qudn Thdnh dUc dung nghla din chd
Hung Dgo VUOng di gid cda Dgi Than.
Ngdy 26, [qudn ta] gdp giac, ddnh b^i
chting" (17). Ngfiy 18 thang 12, Thofit
Hoan dfi'n cang Mao La, dfinh nhau vdi
Hung Dao Vudng. Sau d6, Thofit Hoan l^i
dfinh tr^i PhQ Sdn (cd le Ifi Phao Sdn, mfit
V} trf h i l m y^u n i m d ta ng^n sdng Lyc
Dfiu, gfin cQa Dai Than). D i h ngfiy 23
thfing 12, Thofit Hoan chia qufin tiln vl
phfa Thflng Long. Ngfiy 26 thfing 12, Minh
ty Nguyin ThQc IS^p cQa sdng Duing,
dfinh n h a u vdi gific. Mdt trfin dfinh fie li$t
da xay ra trdn sdng nUdc Binh Than.
Qufin ta gifinh t h i n g ldi, nhung v i n tam
Ifinh, dg cho dai qufin gific di qua rii trd
l^i hoat dpng d vQng sau lung dich.
Sau khi dofin thuyen lUdng ciia Tnidng
Vfin Ho da bj danh tan d Van Din. 6 Ma
Nhi bu0c phai theo sdng Bach Ding tim
dudng trd v l Van Kig'p. T h i n g ldi cua quan
dfin miin Ddng b i c khigh cho Thoat Hoan
cfing suy yg'u. Den dfiu thfing 3, Thofit Hoan
bu^c phai quyit dinh bd Thfing Long chuyin
qufin v l Van Kig^p to chQc phdng thu.
Nhiing d Van Kig'p, Thofit Hoan hi qufin
ta bao vay, tffn cdng manh lidt, nguy cd bj
tigu di$t ngfiy cfing tien gfin dl'n. Cu^i
cQng, Thofit Hoan quyit djnh chia lfim hai
dao qufin theo hai dudng thuy bd rQt v l nU6c.
Vi trf, vai b ^ ciia b ^ Binh Than...
Ngfiy 27 thang 2 (30-3-1288), Thofit Hoan
sai 0 Ma Nhi vfi Phfin Tilp dem thuy qufin
theo sdng Luc Dfiu ra cQa Bach Ding de v l
nude. Vide qufin Nguygn thfio ch^iy da nfim
trong da tfnh ciia trilu dinh nhfi Trfin vfi
Trfin Qud'c Tufi'n. Vi th^, trfin cfic nga
dudng mfi qufin Nguygn cd t h i chay qua,
qufin dpi Dai Vifit da dUde I$nh bd' tri de
chd chfin danh djch. Doc dudng tQ Van
Kig'p qua sdng Kinh Thfiy, qufin dfin ta bd"
trf nhilu trfin dfinh tifiu hao djch. Dudng
thuy tQ Van Kiip d^n Bach Ding chUa dfiy
30km, quan Nguygn b i t dfiu rQt tQ ngfiy
30-3-1288 raa de'n ngfiy 9-4-1288 chQng mdi
din Bach Ding. Nha thl^, chQng td chQng
CHU THICH
(1). Dgi Viet sit ky toan thit, T.2, Nxb. Khoa h9c
xa h$i. Ha N6i, 1985, tr. 45.
(2). Kk Vfin Tell, Pham Thi Tfim: Cu^ khdng
chiin chd'ng xdm Ittac Nguyin Mdng thiky XIII, Nxb.
QuSn doi Nhan d5n, Ha N^i, 2003, tr. 186 -187.
(3). Bgi Viet sit ky todn thit. T.2, sdd, tr. 45.
(4). Vu Phiidng De: Cdng dit tiip ki. Ban djch,
Nxb. v a n hoc, Ha N6i, 2001, tr. 319.
(5). BSng Khdnh dit dia chi. Nxb. ThS' gi6i
2003, tr. 105.
(6). Khdm dinh Viit sul Thdng gidm CUdng
m^ic, Nxb. Giao due. Ha N5i, 1998, tr. 526.
(7). Ddng Khdnh dU dia chi. Nxb. Thtf gidi
2003, tr. 106.
(8). Nguygn Vfin SiSu, Bgi Viit dia dtt toan
biin, Vi?n Sii hoc & Nxb. Vfin Hofi, Ha N6i, 1997,
tr. 59.
lign tuc phai chd'ng tra efie cu$c tfip kfch
ciia qufin ta, nhU Nguygn sQ phai thQ nhfin
"Giao chiin ngdy ndy qua ngdy khdc" dl rii
thfi't b^i hofin tofin trong trfin d^i chi^n
B^ch D i n g ngfiy 9-4-1288.
Nhu vfiy, trong cu$c khfing ehiln chd'ng
xfim lupc Mdng - Nguydn niia cu6i thg' ky
XIII, khu vuc sdng Binh Than, bgn Binh
Than vfi bai D^i Than hay Nguyet Bfin
hi$n tai lfi mdt vj trf chi^n lUpc quan trpng
dfi chQng kil^n nhQng trfln chifi'n dfi'u oanh
li$t vfi gdp phfin khdng nho vfio t h i n g ldi ve
vang cua qufin d$i nhfi Trfin danh thfing
qufin xfim lUpc Mdng - Nguygn vfio nfim
1285 vfi 1288.
(9). Nguyin Vftn Tfin, Tit dien Bia danh Lich
sd Viit Nam, Nxb. Vfin hoa ThSng tin xuft't ban
ndm 1998, tr. 134,
(10). Bgi Nam nhdt thd'ng chi. T.3, Nxb. ThuSn
Hda, Hue, 2006, tr. 465, 466.
(11). Dgi citang lich sH Viit Nam, t^p 1, tr. 224,
Nxb. D^i h9C Quoc gia Ha Noi, Hfi N^i, 1997, tr.
224.
(12). Bgi Viet sitky todn thU. T.2, add, tr. 49.
(13). Ha v a n Tifn, Pham Thi Tfim, edd, tr. 188.
(14). Ha v a n Tfi'n, Phem Thi Tam, add, tr.l88.
(15). Vi?n Lich sQ qufln s\^ Vi§t Nam; 20 trgn
ddnh trong lich sd d&n tgc. Nxb. Qufin d6i Nhan
dan. Ha Npi, 2003, tr. 158, 159.
(16). Ha Vftn Tfl'n, Ph^m Thi Tfim, add, tr. 292,
293.
(17). Bgi Viit sdky to&n thU, T.2, sdd, tr, 58.