@ Elements of Civil Engineering & Engineering Mechanics Pea Ey Cran cssa i 3 Solved VTU Oh tions S mn ee saa an = TECHNICAL HJ. Sawant 2 PUBLICATIONS c SP Nitsure An Up-Thrust for KnowledgeLULL SS As per Revised Syllabus of Visvesvaraya Technological University Elements of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics H. J. Sawant N.Se. (Physics) ‘M.Tech (Atmospheric Physics), Formerly Lecturer, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, en ENO -OOKE? S. P. Nitsure BE. (Civil), ME. (T&C.P) technical@vtubooks.com www.vtubooks.com 66Elements of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Semester - I / I] (Common to All Branches) ISBN 9789350384084 First Edition : September 2010 Second Revised Edition : September 2011 Reprint : Merch 2012 © Copyright with Technical Publications All rights reserved with Technical Publications. No part of this book should be reproduced in any forn, Electronic, Mechenical, Photocopy or any information storage and retrieval system without prior permission in yiriting, from Technical Publications, Pune, at esr, Of No. 42, Sarva Pe Pe 817060, MS. Ph +91-020-24406406/07. Telelay . +91-020.24209497 Technical vutoeks com "Wate "ww taeooks cam Printer Rachana Offset Sto. 103 Sidhged Road, Pine - 411 081 Nv Sf LIBRARY Snes. no\O\er Price 325/- | can. Ne. Yas YO, viui0 aPreface The importance of Elements of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics is well known in various engineering fields. The book is structured to cover the key aspects of the subject Elements of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics. The book uses plain, lucid language to explain fundamentals of this subject. The book provides logical method of explaining various complicated concepts and stepwise methods to explain the important topics. Each chapter is well supported with necessary illustrations, practical examples ond solved problems. All the chapters in the book are arranged in a proper sequence that permits each topic to build upon earlier studies. All core has been taken to make students comfortable in understanding the basic concepts of the subject. The book not only covers the entire scope of the subject but explains the philosophy of the subject. This makes the understanding of this subject more clear and makes it more interesting, The book will be very useful no! only fo the students but also to the subject teachers. The students have to omit nothing and possibly have to cover nothing more We wish to express our profound thanks fo all those who helped in making this book reality. Much needed moral support and encouragement is provided on numerous occasions by our families. We wish to thank the Publisher and the enfire team of Technical Publications who have taken immense pain to get this book in time with quality printing, Any suggestion for the improvement of the book will be acknowledged and well appreciated Authors H. J. Sawant S. P, Nitsure Dedicated to God co)Syllabus (Elements of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics) PART-A Unit - 1 (Chapter- 1) 41. Introduction to civil engineering, Scope of different field of civil engineering - Surveying, Building materials, Construction technology, Geotechnical engineering, Structural engineering, Hydraulics, Water resources and irrigation engineering, Transportation engineering, Environmental engineering. Infrastructure : Types of infrastructure, Role of civil engineer in the infrastructural development, Effect of the infrastructural facilities on socio-economic development of a country. 2. Roads : Type of roads, Components and their functions, 3, Bridges and dams : Different types of with simple sketches. Unit -2 (Chapters - ) 4, Introduction to engineering mechanics : Basic idealisations - Particle, Continuum and rigid body ; Force and its characteristics, Types of forces, Classification of force systems ; Principle of physical independence of force, Principle of superposition of forces, Principle of transmissibility of forces; Newton's laws of motion, Introduction to SI units, Moment of a force, Couplé, Moment of a couple, Characteristics of couple, Equivalent force - Couple system ; Resolution of forces, Composition of forces ; Numerical problems on moment of forces and couples, On equivalent force - Couple system. Unit - 3 (Chapter - 4) 5. Composition of forces - Definition of resultant; Composition of coplanar - Concurrent force system, Principle of resolved parts ; Numerical problems on composition of coplanar concurrent force systems. 6. Compositions of coplanar - Non-concurrent force system, Varignon's principle of moments ; Numerical problems on composition of coplanar non-concurrent force systems. i)Unit-4 (Chapter - 5) 7. Centroid of plane figures ; Locating the centroid of triangle, Semicircle, Quadrant of a circle and sector of a circle using method of integration, Centroid of simple buill up sections; Numerical problems. PART -B -5 (Chapter -6) 8. Equilibrium of forces - Definition of equilibrant ; Conditions of static equilibrium for different force systems, Lami's theorem; Numerical problems on equilibrium of coplanar - concurrent and non concurrent force systems = 6 (Chapters 7,8) 9. Types of supports, Statically determine beams, Numerical problems on support reactions for statically determinate beams and analysis of simple trusses (Method of joints and method of sections). Unit - 7 (Chapter - 9) 10. Friction - Types of friction, Laws of static friction, Limiting friction, Angle of friction, Angle of repose; impending motion on horizontal and inclined planes; Wedge friction, Ladder friction; Numerical problems, Unit -8 (Chapter - 10) 11. Moment of inertia of an area, Polar moment of inertia, Radius of gyration Perpendicular axis theorem and parallel axis theorem; Moment of inertia of rectangular, Circular and triangular areas from method of integration; Moment of inertia of composite areas; Numerical problems. oyTable of Contents Chapter - 1 Introduction to Civil Engineering (1-1) to (1 - 60) 1-1 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Scope of Civil Enginseting Fields. eae 1.2.1 Broad Outline of a Construction Activity . 4-2 4.2.2 Surveying. ... 41-2 1.2.3 Building Materials 1-4 1.2.3.1 Cements 1-4 1.2.3.2 Bricks. 1-8 1.2.3.3 Stones 4-10 1.2.3.4 Sand 1-12 1.2.3.5 Coneretes 4-13 1.2.3.6 Steels 4-22 4.2.4 Construction Technology . 1-24 1.25 Transportation Engineering 1-2 1.2.6 Hydraulics 1-2 4.2.7 Water Resources and Inngation Engineering 1-20 4.28 Structural Engineering . . 4-28 4.2.9 Geotechnical Engineering 1-28 4.2.10 Environmental Engineering 1-2 4.3 Infrastructure Development... 1-30 1-32 1.4 Role of Civil Engineer .. 4.5 Types of Roads... 4.5.1 Types (Classification) of Roads 1-36 1.5.2 Components of Road . . 1-39 1.6 Bridges......... 1-40 1.6.1 General 1-40 1.6.2 Important Parts of a Bridge .....- abe 1-40 wi)1.6.3 Basic Concepts and Definitions 4 cei oe 1=AO) 1.64 Classification (Types) of Bridges... Sede ran se foe eee seeate a | 1.7 Dams.......... 1-46 1.7.1 General tl 1-46 1.7.2 Types of Dam......... a ees 8 weve 1246 1.8 Role of Basic Areas of Civil Engineering .. ~ 1-52 4.9 Chapter Summary....... 1-52 Objective Type Questions. 1-53 Hints and Answers... a -1-56 University Questions with Answers. 1-57 EXOrcise ........-..-0:cre0 = : 1-59 Chapter - 2. Introduction to Engineering Mechanics ic 1 to (2-8) 2.1 Mechanics..........:sseseseeee peeves 2-1 2.2 Basic Quantities 2-1 2.3 Idealizations....... : 2-4 2.4 Newton's Laws of Motion .............5 anh & 2.5 Scalars 2-3 2.6 Vectors 2S 2.7 UMitS «0. .eseecnesecseseeeseesteeeenearesnsneansenssnseneanesneanertenns sees wn 2-3 Objective Type Questions... 2-5 Hints and Answers . 2-7 University Questions with Answers... rosnteonfaen tse 2-7 Chapter-3 Force, Moment of Force and eT "tae 4) to (3 - 44) 3.1 Force... piss 3-4 3.2 Force Systems anyconnenss ' 3-2 3.3 Principle of Physical imnapardetics of Forces 8-4 3.4 Superposition Principle ... oe 3-4 3.5 Resolution and Composition of Forces... 3-4 3.5.1 Triangle Law. . 3-5 3.5.2 Polygon LaW.......ceeseeeceeeee i ae ses 3.5.3 Parallelogram Law cee 3-6 3.54 Resolution and Composition of Forces in Cartesian Coordinate System 3-7 wn