second | eeeSECTION 1ries and avis and mad Plane forwar. 1 ay you wat mata vp arom “The enho Fane Ferd a Hs le ‘Sophie ave Sargon. The Arcauke vase fo he ione of Asta, whose power ep covred ch of eral Europe lee page fh = The causes of the First World War Who should bear the blame? Murder in Sarajevo SOURCE Sudey 28 Jane 1914 was bright and samy dyin Saar. Sarajevo in Basa was raring for a royal from Area an Prcnand of sia fe Soue 2] rod nbs and wate fr he roceson of cars fo aude among te ree, ee ere teagan Seb] eos sor ol be dee. Tey ed him aud they hate usa, Tey were tained tua along the rere ae ‘bic auld low oth oh Toon Hal. hal bad ors an pas ‘in hr oct, ana of poson which hey bad prom swallow fy were ug, oa bey weld a ioe thre. tama te plan could not fa Pal, te cava of for large cars came int ig He rc wan gr open oped car He lobed every inc a cue wearing ple ae worm, a row of tring medals anda itary ht dca wi greet eat: Bide bi sat ‘if Spb, aking hooutil a wht ds and a roa bt and wig oie tec 410.15 cars pase Mebmadbas, thf nn te wating ler He nok ‘igh did nathing, and ton espe. Te net asa, Cabo alia at i neve ad ‘hd ing Bud hn es be spas be Gumeara Brie, brine bs bo, sale oon, anit rio Te Arch ee borb coming ad wt fcr, bu tela ae te car babi, nerng eral perp. Now thre seas tata ogo a te proceson acer uy, ering more an Mec te poli dragged Cabrini ou of te er Hi amide wld and had ro wort "hdc was hire oh oun Hal, ber be demand o bela ot be om tins besa. Fearing moe teen hel deta a na ote ‘act r,t was a prpely explana ot driver of te rc car orev, nope aa went wit be proceso ‘Macnee ctor sass, ring ira explo asc the rca was ead and al ep rin, ub soon escent Oe but, Misably be wanda crs bet cele dleateen ada Prin was sanding out be ca whe, a 1045, te cues car suey appeared bse i a turned nt ran: Sho. Ts waa miss, for acing ‘ote new plan te proceso sod ave contd raha te el Quay A he hive raked be ad tab aon turn be sped andre reer. Pring could ‘ey blew bis nck. Paling an ala pil from the rgb land packet fico, fre shat range as $F 4 mts, Hecould net mas, One ble pred he Archduke’ ck and the bor ached of cant epi toma, minutes later edad te rca flew sm afr Princ wa imme ste. He managed sa ips, bu i cd nt wore and baste oo pen Alte lotr expt Mebmedave wre eventual cng, ‘bt only be organi, was hanged fh bers wer oye fr te da peal Princ ced nasa ja bowen pi 1918, aged ete. dod tom Britain at War by Craig Mir, 1982,1 There were mary moments ding 28 hire 191 whan ents coud fave tired ot teeny. Sty to ‘see the rurers Sure 1 ‘dist any mores at whch ‘ierentGecsion mgt have saved Shelves of he Ache ans we. 2 Doyoutink at fhe Ache Mo ot en sto th war woud ot have ‘Shyte? Ge your reasons. Tse are iy your frst aug. You can revs your epion ter) ; source 3 FRANZ JOSEF Sp. The route ten by Archduke Franz Fetnand’ carn Sarsiov, 28 lune 1914 Athi ria, Princip saan ot erin, for toed aan. hugh as ight. ‘hoya iter esd hat ihe had now wat was follow he woud era ed eo fatal sha — but bis eget ws wo a hn si we ote Ake sana, aos. alo Buroe abe aye int the ood war inion, (00 23 July: Austin blamed Sti foe dah of Franz Fenn ad set itn inst 28 July Asn lana var on Si nd shell scat, Bead (01 29 July Te Rosana ey help Sebi dele isa tb Ansan sack (Gemary ware Russia ato ep he Ses. (on 1 August Geman laa aron Rs Hao began to me samy twa roe ud Belg (0m 2 August: Te Fach amay ws pt on ar tg ayo fight ny Geman ins. (0m 3 August: Gomary dela ar on Franc anna elm, Bsn onbred Germany wil Beg, (On 4 August With he Gernanssil in Begum, Btn dca warn Germany, (0m 6 August: Asta dele waron Rasa ‘Tuna why the murs in Sr led so ql tan allot warning al be ain European overs, we redo fad out mr seat what Europe was cin 1914 ‘THE CAUSES OF THE FIRST WORLD WARThe Alliances 1194 the sic ms powerful curses in ope ween Wo psig Auth ea Powe oil Alans (Germany, ustre-Hungary and ta fren 180, and the Tipe Bane Brita, rnc and Russ) forme in 907. ach omy washealy ame, aneach one bat reasons or dss ther ous In Bue souRcE 4 ‘THE FIRST WORLD WAR The Foe once he Woe ete vo a (Hi tet aes & Zz f The Ota Ero Dept eas t seldrs ery Vas wee =a suis z “The Tip Miance andthe Tepe Eien, 1914, SOURCE ‘usta Hungarys empire, showing the many treat ntorates tartan, The ck dated Tine shows the dsion between eas diitered by he Asians andhase by he Hangarropes allneas a 1914 1 Do you tirk tat preening peace was print fr Germany, ‘sts tungary ra The Central Powers or the Triple Alliance’ Germany fore 1870 Genny was clon sal indepen ats hich Pasa ws hemes pave in 1870 the Pras tsa smack wo a ar galas Fran, afer ich be ‘ue he many Geran sts ino nea pel Geman erp. Geary wok rm Franc the inp insta ae of Sae-Laie and, to gua aa a eng ack fr the French, farmed an alc wth Asia-Hungary an ay "heme Gemany pil sce nik By 1914 Garman ins ba ntl anal w ean wc ayo that ot US, weer, Gera’ leer gree ambitions, sl as aces * Th Garman Kare hat Germany shoul be a word power an shuld hav oveeas ours anda epee Franca Bina e Scure 7). Th Germans sels wo cosine, bth wat moe Inthe 1830 he aes rdeed hebuling of ay whic sence the wos send es ewer le Ban’ she res a mes pel + Geman aes were vey worl yar they cl ‘ncieenet.Fndipbewen sino thee and rane othe ws wen san att surou ad teten ema, + Geman vasa cone bythe ge buil-up of am, pally in Russi and wasislh bling up avast anny Austria-Hungary ‘sis-Fungary was sang erie In cet Eee It asad upc pope dierent thc gous: Germans, Ch Slr, Seb al many others Each ru had is om, custo an language. Mary of hs ops wana npr om Astia-Mugany, + Inthe noth the ac perple wanted ora theres Te Stax pepe inthe south-es eiallythe Cras) ware th own state Th Ses ng in th south ante ob ila the nigh sa Sei, By 19H the main nemf he Ener of ustis-Hungary wash kph agente erie gate ‘asia Hungary ao fan problensrnnelghbouing stats: + sry independ ihn Serbia es Damn pel rein ho Balas Asia vs ery anh at shoul et boa ay ste + Ante eighbour usa, sper th Set, aha yer rong a. Naly ‘Uke Gomary, aly was food fama calls of sulle ses tf is min cone was ‘oe ts gonerment esis, uty 1914 he cout asl ad as leking exis smiles Lik sae ofthe ote European ove wane tet up coos anil an ‘rset emple. Wh this alm nmin alone Geary ad Asti in the liane Hoey, ure ise evience hat Germany an Asia didnt nothin ay a, aly was ot aston nda or mila pomee The Triple Entente Britain In tenet century nha id not tine in Buea pls, Is aioe ene now as Splendido concent on is hugeareses empire (se Sue 7) Forms he nineteen cent, Bain area rnc and Rusia sis ‘wo mast dangerous tas, Hower by thee 10 he pictured begun change oFEmote ree tal nore Enore Foe span Ene nore Geman) ge Eno [_] enti Bees Eno note ues cas gates Ere ce Ia70 Popuaton Population of Aras of ovccae| tos)” oversea eles "enone, int ban 4503000 fence 409 0 Semaw 680 10 joora” 508 a fers 1670 = ty "380 a 1a you thik that reserving peace sb pony or ran eee ‘The hee ain esors weet «Funct tan had eed a number of plement about clos in Noth ica in 90 ‘+ Rusia wes defen in awa agalsapan in 190. This weakened Rusa sth rian was ls can abo. + Abowll iain vase wre but Germany The Geman Kase af mae clear that Fev Germany ote rep ax stg. which Ban sa a aes het its mn emp and nay. iain began cope more with France and ined an agement wih tin 1904 Beta Signed aoe erat wi Russa in 1907, sounce 7 wen 20 itp 25 20 ‘The oversensenpirs ofthe European powers in 1918 France ancl bun etl by Cera in asbrt wari 170 Siew the, Germany ha ult up 2 povefal amy ar stong industries. had an ambos karin Kee Wisin Fane wis word about th ring powerofGemany othe rnc had ako bit up ther insite and ames rans al als deelpeda stn ance ep with Resa. The ma ‘songs of nce ee + fo poe itl again tacky Gamay + to etc eich nds mon of Aceon hich Germany had tae fr tin 13m Russia ‘usin wasy frie larg of ale sipoes, bt was abo the mstackvad- The csurty was alee gut long lens om rane ha hal Rusa to deep sre Indies. ‘Rusia shad tan’ wes sout th rowing poner of Germany ‘Has ala longhisor of ay wth Astia- Hungary Tiss ene wasn why Rusia ass ied wi Serbia. Anh ean was that ot Rusa and Ses vero Many hela ie in stunner Rusa kit shud have eluent Rusia war wth pan in 1905, Thre was thn aeohon agaist he ke sae Nicolas esr, te new Rusa cul afr lon nyo, The usin began tbulld up lange army in cae of eee inthe ate1 Dow ipacr ts arya oa Tae Brain Fra Rusia Girdles dracon obtas aoml Bete aerioroltericminis ime iene | yee ease PERE ER eT etntro | 2 Sty the stats in Source 8. Which | puny do you iris the strongest” 5) lis people wating dependence) as bud Elan your ehtce | SV colonies) people wanting dependence e) ams bu, | 13 ive ance do youths the ‘Srongest Elan yer choce. source g Germany Aasinstinery Ray Pin oe secon sing ae a jnrmrmeurr| mmintekitninrns Sy EE tees om Sea it a wetnaerorconnetst de * sree — Resouces of the Great Powers in 1914 The Balance of Power Plans tthe tine calle th gta lanes thle of Powe. They belie hat the sal pver of avo alae woud prevent te se fo ting at SOURCE 4 Look 2 Sowce9, dhe cartoonist a te anes hess prevent at '5 Doyouthnk thatthe allances made _Armadernreraning ofan Arvercan cartoon puishod inte BrcoKyn Exe, Jy 1914 war more ly oes ke? he cron as ced Te Chi of endsSOURCE 1 Q) ‘hei o comparison btn te liportanc of te German nary Germany and be inpotance of our nary (us Our nauy so ws wba tt avy ‘othe, To bare a stron nary would nrease Germany prestige and influence, ut nt a mater of ie ad dot 0 fhe acti Si Edward rey, Bish Forsin Secretary, ‘ra speech Parfait in 1908 source ou Bgl ar the mad ul: ou word csxyutere! Wat on arth ar come ovr you, tha you should bgp on such ‘supicion? What can eo more have aly sad ip aad of England ser i, speaking in an interow ‘ih he Dai Telegraph 1908. The Keiser ed Egan anh trends there ‘He was cous of KngGeoreeVot Sra, 1 hy was tin concerned by Sernarysraval ans! 2 How dd Germany reac to a's {3 Dovyou Bink at eer cout was seth resonate ya The tension builds, 1900-1914 Anglo-German naval rivalry one cages ces neste ly ith deed fern fe eet Bat ef Tarn an a dei ay Chl sn sti nto n wri Tis sani gan change 18 en eer ater Wien, annie blo Gran nan Bitte they seman ay sich allthis te Buti ny veel ert wo ttn be sh Bi Gera nie tml an cn Why tne 9 Win sma plod th all hee ‘onipsconni in tN Se? ups Gemary del te hin thesame my The ae an is ania et tha Geay eal nay pti ring radeTy i le ih a reac the Geman nat las ra est cine what he Gnas fan 196i itl estes ‘in the naval race by launching HMS Dreadmongh, the fist of a new clas of warships. Germany _esporated by building its own ‘Dreadnought’. The naval race was well and truly on and both Bran nl Germany pens ne tg source 19 erste: 'ABrtish‘Dreadnouht, he HUS Barry, wih the Brith feetn Sea lm, source 1 3 1906 he 1907 he a an 1908 a ne a 1908 a hn i le 1910 a ae a 190 a i a 1912 ae ee an ae O18 el la a he a 191 ee Pa (Bit Trot ya enya Toy LT} anber of Dreadnought bit by iin and Germany, 1906-14PROFILE Kaiser ihe ++ Born 1861, wth bac withered et fem Hstocans aso ek he sufered Slt bran danage a5, whe ‘ected both fe Bean and sitenten spn, 4+ Bd ot have slow fay. + Ho bocame Kase athe ae of 27 ‘hr Gorman ndsty was growing fast and Germany was becorng 8 ori pone, 1+ Howe omeu fortis energy and rinse, bute wae Yer a+ Ean tary ade and ted tobe etorapne wer mito vom Fe sat Saeaatrercue: + BES ey anos Germany. He wared Gamary to be recognised a the greatest poner n Europe by fhe cier eropaa stats. He tka ppysal ners, and pyacteal les ++ Hetwas very cisely inohed in Germany's pans fr wa. + lian Gormany was detest in 1918 heloa tae He died 1901, The arms race on land ‘Wie Bsn and Germany pte nares the aj emerson alan Europe wee ls bitingup ei ani, ‘SOURCE ] 4 1900 1910 wu France om 8m 3m Britain in 035m 05m Russia Lim 13m 25m “Anstria-ttungary 025m 03m 035m Germany 5m 7m 15m Maly 025m 03m 035m The ams buldup. tay persorel ofthe powers, 1900-1914 fering reserves SOURCE 1 5 arm ace wb al be major powers were sled coi te ene bat war was boned come, ane oon. Ponceau ius ancl ius all. ‘he gvernments ince te race; an yet te ee concn he as ny of skyping Alt publiy be ars ac asus o pret wer, no gvernet ban ft ber dred ram arming by te raga he ris, bu rath ince he Peo thro armament production James al, Orgs of he First Wer War, 1992. Jos a werespected ts histori ‘ath an expert reed fs to 1 Germany in part wala weer. The Kaiser surround mst wih itary ates. He stage lita aks and presions Heel be photograph in rary ans He ole himsel eal in Germanys mia lari Plans for war ‘Muy nuts so sue hat waa "wun oe’ sone oar ht hy gan to ake ere las fowl dof and when i Germany Germany ray ws a he bigs amy n pe ts people are isthe est ne nl he mt poe ‘Theol fang the Geman commands eas that fa vari oat te wu pokably hae ht again Rasa rane a the sae time ‘Te Gemascane up wt the Selif lan Unde hilar hey would qu tack an feat rane, then turn hrs on Rusia wich (ibe Germans wees) woul be lor gsi boop mayor ws. SOURCE 1.6 Goal von Mele sole wor i exo wate ner he tr Bul we gl fc more eg the pres pare the population fora agin Rusia. {venoms are arming more sbongy han se ave. Fram th dry of Adil von Mur, ado the Kia’ noval cabinet, December 1912, ES OF THEsource 17 Austria-Hungary nts nin strate sting ie ep of ean oe ote pared sm dtoajar sesh ano ha Geman lhe 7 Tesigensiearate eae ee ecloeersial epleshomen on ein oc geile eta, Som ccansecerasan na 2 ae ke ee anal patie onetesea terme ee tee pea ether eae ee eee 1 feed Souce 17. ooh, Britain the wnter means by prevetve war? 2 Dovs ear Source Teor 17 suggest tanita planes ae sats ina incolabratn wth ech tape n Gemany waned 2 Wa?” conan. Thin Brita eng we sh Exptonay Fe (BE), costing 1500 high ae an wel ed pefesioal sen, The BEF nk gp Fase wd fh logs the Fahl shor a. SOURCE 1. ‘ne thing that nits ale hse plans wth sung tha ian hen teams Te remark inland ane Germany re yd uick Thee ily lars were diets ache aquick cory, Nae ped Sound it makes war alle more for what dof thew rage on tals ies ta nef he powes ey ec eit mad, and ere beep log ramet mc The ser esto ar lado eco ‘made moe ye gute pres ofeach oe (teeny oly of ours) a te war wuld oer na mater weeks ation, oon. Fram Howards nd widely reac ove by Wihormuch kc war alas for wa ou might tik aan at ie, that Forster poled 1910. arsine '3 Source 18 comes from a novel, Morocco, 1905 and 1911 ‘hat wa suse os ewence abou te moodin Brian before te In 105 and 191, tes in Moro raed the ener ape. Fret Word War In 1905 the Ras vse More in Nore, Germany wabuldng wp som can epi ad coli in ctl nd sou ic (Sours on page 6), The ‘ae wasn keen sho hat Germany was an ingriant power in Nor A aswel. The Freq dps ntact ef Morexo the Raber ma ape ying he supa ‘nee fo Moros. The ech we fins ahisneerng nt af. An ‘intraoral conference sel in Alga in 190. ut th cn i acon ings hoon nf, id ie psi atthe cree the abe vas ulate. He i wart» besen a major pomerin fic. sea his views wee eject He was ihe ad no sight ogeakonsich mates, This rae i ite He was a alr ye wy at. Bean and Fresca athens ops bin, These ld sls rose veya. In 1997, inthe wake of be Monocran es, alo and France fo nla with ‘usa, he Tile Eni. The Ente pes ati lane ssw agus Geran aggesio. Te Kase a his prplesaw a heating polio enrcenen wth se mes sreunting Gems In 1941 Yoo saw anor The ech rid tak fe arco again Thad ‘he were prepare compere Germany ital ses Hees he Kars sponse was bs gua! (the Pater Agi. The Bish eae ae Kier wants up aa basin gai ath i ot want Geran hs i the ‘iranean, Ane conference was called. The Bets and Pench again soul in apn, Geman France took xno Moro. Gary was en and in ntl esa ‘ost. Bin the ss, Bi al Hace ech nent he French shu pal he Matraean an th Royal Navy sould én Fane's Aan and Nok Seacoast,source 1.9 ‘The Balkans: the spark that lit the bonfire ‘Teal were table ara + Diet natonaiies ere ied gee + Thera ad en oy Te forma nes ut Tash owe wasn in dn ‘+ Tene germans which ad bn set pin pla of Trkish ue wee ely in dui wth ack ae ‘Tho great powes, Rusa and ti, oad cuis inthis ego, Both waned to conto ie area because it gave then ares othe Medien. ‘Theft Balkan ciscamein 1908, Asia nk one th pis fui and Hagia, usa and Seba rotted, ut thy ack do en Germy made lea at spr Auster Russa ner Serbia ws prepare rik war wh Germany thse ove he veresore eros crseuenos Asta ov el cnn that Germany woud ockitin futures, Sms hin thik tha his made usta cadet, ad ‘excoura ito ake woul wth Seba at Russa Rust ei! eng fae dan in The Bahn 1908, 19,1 uke is ms bald. demo ata back again ‘ran 9121 1913 trewasa soso al was Serbia emer ren hse asthe mest oes county inthe Balkans This was ey seus er Asta. Serbia ada tong amy an itvasaclow ally of Rusia Ari die tat Serbia wal aveto be da with By 194 stein wasenking fora god exoue tn cu Sia ‘tea’ opatniy came wth the murder of Ao raz Rena anise Sople Inara pages 2-3) Alou thr was oad ede that Prin was stg under ‘oxfam the San overanent, sra Hamed Sela. rac daatic ei gave ‘usta 2 guar of German taking (ee Wins age 13)-Wh hs suport Asia aol sear enough toda vith the Srbian pre nce and foal yr Sebi en point ula hat wuld eft hare mae Serbia uf he Austrian Eire The es ‘unt pasa it When th Sr st fo ime to conse, sta refed ela wa oa 28 ul 191. These tall cut a ha Deg, SOURCE 20) Whe bereft ascasnation {ure}. fo wns gre mate. my fearsome. th Kae if on bs aching eid and. it mre rosuring, th ead fhe German army ef fr cure fri seat re}. ‘remember nine ongaran lady called nme ant eat we were tang he urd oft Gran Dak tq tharos sa ‘an igh ado war wit Seba. Howe, thoi ports we bad at sem fo Ta eT uty is larmst ew “4 Look back at yur ans: to quan, David Lyd George, Memos, 1998, David Loyd George was a goverment mista Zen page 3. Would you ihe 9 change "ot ond became Pre ister in IL. Hes amor have septation for ‘our answer ae neon. [ACTIVITY he tosptere in Europe between 1900 and 1914 has been kena to a entre wang ote a’ 1 Make you on coy of is one diagram, and a abel to suggest factors tha ~S ‘made wor posse 2 Putrajer factors on big sts, less Important ators an sale tks. 3 Akimre steko here you wiht how more factors. 4 Ny do yu thre Saraeue muro te ie wen preveus events Such 25 he Moroccan eetsn 1903 hag nt Menton these ps your answer a) hosts wares about Soria 1) thebuléup of rteraborl probs €} the way the alances werk,Did Germany cause the war? sounce 2 "held goeranents afm, and Germany aca be eons of Germany and ‘ales forcing al te los and damage o which te lied goer ments and heir pepe hs Boon subject as aul of war “The war gut clause rom be Tet ofVrsalles, 1919, Ar ea tvs Aliso he eet Gemany og the a gui ase (Sau: 21. Germany kalo aap that twas sponsible bt fr stating he war and ell ‘he damage asd yi Howse, theta‘ ti’ Germany el ae ele Mame ls have are sat hisisweee nce Some ae crise Germany ies ae reach diet verdes [FOCUS TASK Was Germany t blame forthe war? hat do you bik? Was Germany to lae? "our sks tolook aver the eudece antl your own rei locking back fom oda. ‘oul sy eednes and hear rom witnesses. You ust han each oe ol ouverts erat 1: Germany was righty blamed for starting the war. erect 2: Germany was may responsbe fo starting the wa, bt he cher overs shuld accept some of the bane \Verdet 3: Alf te mor powers helped to tart the war. Thay shoul share the tame Verdict 4: No one was o blame, The powers were swept along award an notable war coud nt be stopped Tis show oan he tr. Yu can work on your oun, rin ous: 1 Draw up a table th oe elon Winess Which verdiet does What evidence does the witness we | Can Itust the witness? thowitnss supper? | ta support the lewpolt? ee ae | _2 Read al tne wineses statements on page 13, Compete columns 1 and 2 43 Incoumn 3 nate wht evidence te ess ges a support ser enol. 4 Inco rote whet mht make te wibessrelable er reble The boa the dat and orig o ach source heer the wines: was inte he events ofthe tne * the vale an releity of ach wes, 5 Look trough he ther ormston this chapter ose i there are ter wtesses you sul easier. 6§ Choose yer vert rom veriets 1-4, 7 Ges yl te hse ved yous sump be ees tna shert waen | rete 9 expan wy you hae ose your verde, But lso eon why you hovered the others | 8 Use yur table ard wxolanaton or a Cass debate,‘wmness 1 German arin, wich ste rie of ‘th as ity yo, fa bse woking fr his for oni was, te gears! (of edit ba come ‘Water Hines Page, US ambassador i Longer, 1914 The USA was an al ot Beton nd France ing te war and ‘ought in aga! Germary tom 1517191918. wes 4 ‘eS Pon mu anh a on Sugeno made fi. ric te acoso German ecrnent dato. il 914 ty Sadat tos ete aban he nly plan thy bad ew oF fo go warm stran OE Mahal in The at Ma: ‘yeaa, 1988. wines 8 German: wonder wat boy will mate all of? Clemenceau: Hor wl nota that Bag nada armany! Fam a canersatonbeboen French Prime hristr Clevercoa ad German presale st he peace careence sirthe wa, Comeneeaus sardine ‘ebGeman The witnesses wamness 2 wirvess 3 Bedard in tbconie of i roam None he rae of Great Pers aly ‘ere wasa Tob of angut in Bes bnae whey wer fing about Foran inant ede of ws poke. august 1914. tbe cs gabe pace a said bin: lt me, ead, aad th caealatons of ase were ‘ew tal happened He ave bi ars fone yt apd suo of Jeane and ansvared, Gb Fon! evens tide of main eerie ‘nae!’ capita and be demand of mary Prince vn Bil, speakngin ois, Manin Temerters calgon Gea Th yg of the Ft Work War ‘Chancallr Bethnonnttee pint Beshfitoran LCF Tuner, wines 5 wirness 6 Tie Wr Wr arty sata ty ear being oad nad tw eone xin filo be son Gone Sta. ae aor Be wash a Sutter cond was cred ye aso on my ifs woul bee. Re vii acy oe satan Farnese abe aon) ‘Sie a 8 ter cas aed ty Gan om al pon ris rina signet i a, aor ey was But ty wold eB ge able fugit Hews we do tony dont ota ay ar, had ey bn uly Goan wb ple by re st ios common peeing ing arf eon, sub orca ante fos moving wld wands Ina roby a Cant docaertfantan, head he From he Enylopsei Brita, 1926, Geman delegates Verses, 1818, Witness 7 ‘he reat war of mds, ant pert te we sry f hema race, as ego by Germany sing tb rime ofa seboboy a a ex. bad ede he going power Serbia wit cancer for many year... Te ation Bang seme ena tb German pres i aden gland, was bough, could cl noting. be reat fe warn rend. esa was the io morgan of ber army... for rance, Gorman bli her quite competent fo ec wis or, ad sug aepertanty of ing From The Great Mar ~The Standard History ofthe APEurape Confit, 1914 (al. This was patil well puna writen and putished nan deszibng te wat ‘slthappaned. Witness 9 He Ker brie me inform our gacous maj tha x mig in ce ‘nal lis, rely spor Grmany fil sport... was by Kai pion at is cio mas a day. ewan mo ay pana for war arid wou ak cbf itappeaed oars... Fae ad ely engl be ect of ware action ain Serb te Ker wold reg fe dt mabe we of present ‘moment whic cll our ftour Count Szogyery, the Austin anbsssadrin Be, reporting a faous comersaton wth "he Raker. 1914 toon are die 9 wheter he Kalser was mang 2 ames ply sate or was simply ging esssrace onthe spur of be moe,Britain and the First : World War: 1914-1918 2 | Breaking the stalemate on the ~~ Western Front pa The mood in 1914 “The Firs Word War was a deadly (he Fae ar Wares 866 ‘When war bake cu ars Bure, twas peta wth ens, Beane gee it wou all Wistera| Fe eee’ pin beri Cs rh mapa yes) Tei Ep ee Mion ners were saver mi Neen cn ne ities woh se ag cere feng afew mis of my quo hc ping tee oli Soon” cam 121 you wl avestigate tho war on ‘heiWeztor ro You wl conse 1 Wy ai the ing reach a ita te eye for toldre the wonces? 1 iy ta he Bat of he Sora Important ay So peopl ave ferent terpreonsof he wae 12.2 you wil study the war on othor ‘oni, in parc 1 vat ora he Ales ting do at Galipel and why dd they fal? 1m How sianitcant was the war at 92 snd inthe sir? ‘Then in Chapter 3 you wl go on to Investigate the impact of te war on people Britain. SOURCE 9 pec taal ations te Ruslan ease ing was an elas yous afi it be reser dancing uy 6 Pals mas nd rating da on the ‘nanpled ert, ‘German cavyan recy for bate. Netietat he is wearing a gs mask ath side From Meraner Sones pete cavy charges tobe afeypartct wing the wa. ‘gust 1814, novel ten 1972 Soden is a ussan wt. ‘hare at banawarin Bao ving the major posse 171. Tat ad ben souRcE Ting Geanan vi gant race. Mes clans ere una by ha wel the angen ening in 1914 had nat wen ben br thei {lsc my arent ta cere Thee had ete ee as rates. The sh ad sane ay castes the ‘ead women wre lighted at be ee Warn Sut es Both soles tl South can ces ha sified pathy. ley praetor ermbadmans inthe Balkan was of he previous year een he cates at errand fssel Bish tetecta —sone di bing the wars mind hey were ot icing dubs pu in 914 she and unter descr the mood in Ban) yungmenol Europe Nock ton up. They had ben esa hat mode war woul be ‘1914, swt Ate ihn martes anda gt tle wold etl te mateYoung usin sles sein out for the rin Aust 1914 SOURCE 6 Bits empie also contre rons. vu '9 mien near 15,000 eet bears Fugit Bihan ‘Canada, Ausaan 2 New Zand trons aso ug SOURCE 1 Q) = 4 iG ‘group of sh ecruts woh st joined unin August 1914, Ha millen young ren signed up the st our weeks, You caf ram he vary of Ras ard Ong ‘ha his grou neues beh middleclass and rong cass people SOURCE 7 Such eubusiaon! — te ole baton wt met anl tacked ith, flowers — loeb waving untrngly cheers cn ye and ver and ver aga th eer Foshan word easuranc of be ders Lette tom a young German wo had been ele up and was about fo rae the font. SOURCE Thin yas of Me wouldnt be wart al hat we are gg comps ith he nes fa sob it ocd thar tn ome mente peace we experienc ae! Aleter rom a young Frenchran, Farce had bee deft by Germany a huang ‘rain 1871. nFronce, Bre wos song Senseo eng 0 sores, SOURCE Q) Yow ms al op crf fr my sab ane el Be on fore am bak aga at ete goal iw tat wl nb ong ho Letter rm 3 30a ol Bish oct is parents, gust 1914 ‘These who wrt Sure 789 wie ale win. aront, Otesho wet ay ‘ovarsenucally cae back wounded an maa Te aly of war was way die rr what had ened nit 1914, Instead asic he top go by ‘sau. Soe on he Westen Font were bogged dom in my tens format of he test far nor ec August 1914. You are repre fro Bish newspaper. ite 10D words to escre te way inwhieh the trea of yar was gre sound Europe, Use Soorces 10 your are [BRITAIN AND THE FIRST WORLD WAR: 1914-1918 15. ‘THE FIRST WORLD WAR 16 2 Expin wat Sure 12 saying sou Begum and Gorman. ey mp ais ces ep Geman oees ep Frehtoces eres tos source 1 The war on the Western Front reaches stalemate sour 2 wars ela Geran’ Scieen Pan vera operation The een Pan (pe 9) was spl but. The es was ec Geman forasthgh Belgium ano quickly knock France otf th wat The thoy wash Rusa woul ike ang tine to oasis eal for a) tas an al-roting gamble The Gemans had ey ‘opto Pars nex Franco wits wes, otha thy could thn sal tts fight again Rusia Howes as Soure 11 ss, eer he eg nore Rassias di ‘bat teen Plan expec he wo dn SOURCE J 3 Te etch ware beaten Plog bye Geman Nesceterane bt Pepa et at he a ame kn oe Why he Scien Plan fas ‘fis it ok as tgh he Gemmans coud sce. The Geman my inva pfu 4 Aug. The eas pat wp aeaie reste rom ti nt foes at tlt sp te enshing ‘German alvance. se Geman arly brands deed the Belgian forts od sen eonmons nue a el upland ela German nny and cara we ming minty ‘war th Freeh border reno te Began rssane wn them, mary ends and brug ie for Bish and French tops mobi The sh updo Fn, ely Soha Pench, ann ‘ance and et theadvaneing Germans at Monson 2 gst This salut elt! fore fpofsona ses gue the Gears a nas sek The tops at Mors were wel ey Leer ene ‘Doug aig — erebe tht nae, olf atom abot im rand ee using ee id 308 ot act flesh oul ie uly al arc German repro the tine Showed athe thouge hey wee pai ahi un ie. ‘Acatoon rom Puch, gust 1914_—— “sora tan weeerguo mares ieee Be ercerem SOURCE 13 Sunday ipa were coming back ha te Bs win fro of uc Bgl sold? Wena teat hy ad ifr the com hr card ais wi smal caps at an angle tr ed oars tthe chs nde he ip ined of wader chin ‘er was mc ong abuts, ad as ab roar by Bomarc te former German lea} about sanding ple are be Bgl ar. (tbe Attack begins...) Wea no some the ceo wad ha aval of bullet white pat ur ns acd vcd nd te rs blind. ea cris nar me, eo of my gra ads collapsed on he gris. Da 7s ius. Foard agin — ab double we asd te rack jumped te roa dit fl of tat, and thon on arate sein ‘aad Moerin, lo now and warng ou ranks, moe ads fling... be 160 men that the wo wth. a sunk les thar 10. ‘From nawon mats went frm ado worse. Whee kd, ihre re ure dad or woud, giering bs comcuions, acaing ory Blood osing from feb eds We bal go bac... ad df, tre cod eno gayi or it bate tue had bon bay bene, any te Bg by te Bghsb we bas lagi a a fe ours bre ten by Water oa, 2 Garman sor, abou the bat at Mens in Blum. Tis was ‘Water Boers fst exparence o Fee epithe suc ets wer hugely outnumber nat tba ie could do ‘at ona an okt The so the Garman down, bt aly te Pech ha enough rs inthe eld oop the German aan Hwee, he Pet werent on probes. ‘When arbre ou, the rnc lls Pan 17 (page 10) and lac a diet tack on Gaany hough Aso-Lnran, On 2 gt the Geman fos nding the freer cathe tacking rach wg to ios wh allan machine gun fie. The French et over 200 men in 12a. They ow abandoned Plan 17, and espe thet foto een Parison he dancing Gera xe Source 19 Serine oe i eee \dAl Man rah ais 2am ‘The treat to Pais The station neal Soptnber 1914 BRITAIN AND THE FIRST WORLD WAR: 1914-1918 wv‘THE FIRST WORLD WAR, 18 q source 15, The Battle of the Marne Ife nd vrata! Teh ehh rin gt eH agen Bei ictnpecied feemaayeae eee a ae Spastaseetsctmare Biel samaraces eat ean civaersctintrngienes quarteeee neler a mene tte fugasbeeraee Sarre cecal egresar eter ie ctinneteaiiaelateeanctantaytt eran rearene enact ra myamcaee assets Sasa! RES tones Sa nds ete et needa epee eguetecendanpiocnen meat aetna Sere rtepa teres ee rare ee ae ea gst SOURCE 1. , a ‘Thecombin eh nd Fee ores wre p ius able tap the German aba along tbe Crom! 4 line the Rover Mame They then out —_, asi stack and pasha the Gears backto the Riera Homer they cou ot ive ‘tent of range ey ‘Nase null mal any pos ae by 8 September nag net sls were ging ences pote tenses rom sie adsl fe. Soon af had ‘machine gus and barbed ie, Unt no, ‘thal een aro mere, but ese b ere the fist igs of theta that as “he Bate of he Ware, 1914, SOURCE 17 15 September 1914 ober prety oa at 11 pa aril... The a prt was ry rng a dh mea a good many fel cud... We mus bac mae axed. October 1914 ca atgurnty gw order baste Germans hae brought strong ‘eircoment, and alo havea strongly pra potion wich ware now aa, i ok it anc siege wes we are ref b. 25 october 1914 as oy ace ben very buy. Our forma forward ie was to dial ad, we ‘are to wea i shve bead, now are kn astro pation wich we dg ire ‘wining. Teed for ada at bu by taka compl lao te Ra 1 Read Source 17. What do the exacts ihn Ze ily. parently ley used on ofr andere hee tacked and {el you about ho warare changed on i - Puygh etn ware change oor. There cr cry au seer scion td bd busines. Noverber 19142 From th dry of ily Congreve, a young Ieutennt rom 3 sor fay He was gees eae eee oot respected end in wo year rose toe atk fokap a parson the sodiers had changed! wi respactd andin hag yar one othe fk of aor. He eps pereoral dary from 1914 nthe wasted Oya snipe at Ypres 1916,SOURCE 1 The race to the sea = ven ‘Theat ofbe Mame wasting pin cunvenn woatia~ "geen S ‘he Schifani. Gemnay mas toy Brin ces es Sb orman ces eb fencers Geman patting tom December 1914 The att Alfa Ka, entuusbealy Ssupored war eater n 1914. December fs work had change tos She mich ghass and cemans en feed The fare nthe ping reoresent ah The haus represent ‘ray ife and people aught opin Wo fot wa Worse tl te Bt ‘German eer ese that thy oul oo aa nes thug th ee nes Moe es fatine | age ‘pla ya nev comnande ales, : ‘oh dele toy noun (ero he ‘exda hse’, Thechag bese 12 Odaer It astm kon "ese these ‘she Germans charg wet ean the she Bish and Fc nord ost ek he whee it sama hat he Germans wereabout ek tug One bse atthe tine calle the ‘he aay ree im aes of Nore Fane becausebh sis mor hits by al ‘The race tthe ea The first Battle of Ypres in Belgium ‘Tey bate hi race these wa theft Bate Yrs exe were to morro he a) fr 2 Octobe U1 Noenber IL, The BE st sroun 000 men andthe Germans bly 1000, tthe Bish ly L-Gen.Hagin dis area ed his ingot grou, Typ contol of the Engh Carl prs, which nen could sup wh equpnent reinforcers ‘By Nauabr1914itwasa ack. The BEF hal ben decimated The enh a aed suf around on ead or wounded in ste wes, Despite his the ech ry ed ‘break hg the Geran ines in rts an happen Desert hey wee ean nk with eases 91 ed he fighting hal ach asta wich wast st ‘ul 198, les of ous ee git ain of trenches tats ro thea he ‘sto the sin thea, teams Kom asthe "Westen Foe tenet ps yo wl exami the waron the Weston Fontin dal ‘Wy was the war not ovr by Christmas? tis Crista 114, Pope wire eld ht th war WOU Be ove by Criss. You fave oolan ty it kn prs. av ae geo te Wore saat Be oss of he a For Fags fe Deceer 1814, Oe of you sho wit te Beh Pie instr, ‘xing vets ful 3 yu an The ter shoud wt forthe eral pale back ‘Bran ryt ge © postve andencouaging messge stet fw te wa ng 7/0 may wish to menton these pois: + te sutenses an foes of the varios pons 1h import bates tht a en ce the nam lessons bong lear about marie te cates, 1 heir of he woos once wt + Your exlnatin ao wy he war isnt oer by Citas 5 jure on tow he wl og rap 919 ‘When youhave fished compare your wo reports. Dsus 1 ie re sree one! 2 Hoe you nuded leer etal? 5 Ison me acaatetnon ee? BRITAIN AND THE FIRST WORLD WAR: 1914-1918 197 ‘THE FIRST WORLD WAR, 1 Ove of the bigest problems faci the ary plamers was supine oy wit fog, weapars and othe upment Use Seurces 20-22 ample isto a he thngs they ‘ru need 2 Seas 20-22 give you tires fret rds of dence bout the ‘enches' a mogem econtucton ‘raveg, on stalpotoraph, and {a groindievel hotoraps: Exlin ow each oe ust fo «str. 3 Me yourowntnepar defnton of Iron rf, Your audenca 9 yourgrstudetn your school who fas nt yet sued ths top 4 Eola wy the we enches shown Souce 22 oe so ern. Crosesectn of tine wr Tse vere supported by mich sora ezave Trenenes adie tyeommuniatin trenches. Garman Perches were gene ay stronger an beter consbuced than Aled Trenches. The Geman geneay eld biter pound and nad etblse her trenches he ety tages of wa Mary ‘other digouts and macnn poste were eforceduth concrete wich rowed a stronger defence aga ‘ery Dombordnet ‘Sway Source 21 carol 1 Onyour avn copy a Source 21 abel the long feates: arti Tees, pert eches omar land ite rea between Fromtine wencnes) 2 fool wy you Bak the ences are and 0 tet, rok sagt 3 youhad to get For your faauarer penn te les (nated 2) o the Wont poster Inarked , ow woud you wet ere? What was the fighting like on the Western Front? ‘The war nthe West Fron ws are hind of warfare. None ater a Met afore. The pas plans ant ave far Eventi ada You teow png b Toate ain hangs inthe chnigus of waa brought bot bythe ist Wold Rit Change 1: trench warfare ‘hems obvious ew fare of his kindof wae mas the sem of wench asa a at oer hs war ast began simple shes uty 1915 they had ep into ole defense stm Sac 29 shows acest fateh. Howe, Source 2 probaly gina ter iden of what hence walk ome) NE The tec syste. This an aera photograph ake by Bs lanes. ‘The Blt reaches are on he ret. Te ain enh re is Gea,