ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL AND VEHICLE ENGINEERING THERMAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY, CENTERIFUGAL COMPRESSOR LAB GUIDE (Model FM42) mM Prepared by epee Perroe : wereExperiment #1 Compressor Constant Speed Characteristics Objective:- To obtain the compressor characteristic curves for a multist centrifugal compressor operating at constant speed, Method By taking sensor readings over a range of flow rates at constant compressor speed setting, for a series of constant speeds. By using these sensor outputs to calculate compressor total pressure, power and efficiency. By plotting these results against the compressor discharge. Procedure Read through the experiment before starting, to familiarize yourself with the procedure Set the compressor speed to maximum (100%) and note but do not record the flow rate. Fully close the outlet aperture to give minimum flow. Click the @ button on the toolbar to record a set of readings. Using the maximum air velocity as a guide, select incremental values for air velocity that will give 10-15 individual steps between minimum and maximum velocity. Open the aperture to increase the flow rate to the first increment. Click @ to take a sample. Repeat for each increment until the aperture is fully open, Sor If time permits, repeat the above procedure for compre eds of 80%, 60%, {40% and 20%. Each set of results can be stored in @ new sheet by clicking the Aware toolbar before taking the results button on the sofThe software logs the following variables: Tnlet Temperature Oriice Ditterertal Pressure "Compressor Diterertal Pressure doe Compressor Soeed a Wetor Torque IT From these the software calculates the following values: [Ae Derety —— ‘Outi Velo Compressor Total Mecharical Power (pid) Plot graphs of: Compressor total pressure against Discharge Compressor efficiency against Discharge Mechanical power against Discharge Compressor power output against Discharge If runs have been carried out at different compressor speeds, on the same set of axes, for each speed setting, plot a graph of compressor total pressure against flow rate (discharge). Conclusion Describe the chart obtained. Using the graph, des ph, describe the perf characteristic of the compressor. ‘ibe the performance Prepares by 55 Cease aera ae ee at arExperiment #12 Compressor System Char ‘acteristics Objective To obtain the comps speed ‘sor characteristic curves for a I compressor operating at constant Method By taking sensor readings over a range of flow rates at constant compressor rotational specd setting, fora series of constant compressor speeds, Procedure Read through the experiment before starting to familiarise yourself with the procedure, Note that for this experiment the aperture will remain in a fixed position and the compressor setting will be uused to vary the air velocity. This differs from previous experiments. Set the compressor speed to maximum (100%). Close the outlet aperture to give significant system resistance, for example 2/3 closed. Rename the current results sheet to match the aperture setting Click the @ button on the software toolbar to take a sample, Using the discharge as a guide, select incremental values for discharge that will give 10-15 individual steps between minimum and maximum velocity In the software, reduce the compressor setting gradually to reduce the discharge by approximately the increment chosen. Allow the flow to stabilize then click @. Repeat for the next flow velocity increment, adjusting the compressor setting to give the required discharge and click @ to record the data once the settings are correct, Continue in steps until Orw/S discharge is reached. Note that this may not coincide with a compressor setting of 0% due to the resistance within the system. Create a new results table using the i icon on the software toolbar, Select a new aperture setting, for example half closed. Rename the results a sheet to match the Prepared by-5S eer (1s ee eg1 educing this ins! Repeat as before, starting with the compressor set 10 100% and reducing recording each set of data using the @ button. i ficient time must be allowed Additional aperture settings may be investigated if time permits. Sulicient me 700 be to complete the last part ofthis procedure, however. Remember to oreate a nev results aed ‘each set of data, and to rename each sheet to match the setting used before taking any reaein es that seting, Now a compressor performance curve is required. Create a new results sheet and rename ti ‘Compressor Performance’. Fully open the outlet aperture. Set the compressor to 100%. Click @ to record the data, Note this maximum discharge select a discharge increment that will give 10-15 separate readings between this maximurs discharge and minimum (Om) discharge. Close the aperture slightly to give approximately the first discharge increment (an exact amount will probably not be possible; what is important is to have sufficient data across the range, not to take each set of data at a precise discharge). Allow the system to stabilize then click @ Continue to close the aperture in steps to give a full set of data ‘After taking the last set of readings, switch the compressor off using the button on the software diagram screen, and save the results by selecting “Save As...” from the ‘File’ menu. Give the results a representative name, such as the equipment code, exercise letter and dateResults The software logs the following variables {Tnlet Temperature | Oice Ditterertal Pressure — | Compressor Oeterential Pressure — | Compressor Spex [ Motor Toraue (Ar Density — | Discharge (wotume fiw raiay ‘inlet Velocity —— | Duet Velocity ~Coripressor Power (output) Efficieney 7 On the same set of axes, for each set of system characteristic results, plot the compressor total ressure pre against the discharge to produce a set of system curves, On the same axes, for the Compressor characteristic curve taken in the final part of the experiment, plot the px. On the second y-axis plot the compressor efficiency. Conclusion ‘The system characteristic will vay depending on a range of factors such as cross-section, length, diameter and construction material of piping or ducting, bends and curves, valves and vents, and any additional obstructions such as rough joints, control vanes, grills or gratings, and debris Each aperture setting investigated represents a different system resistance which could have resulted from these kinds of factors, Examine and describe the graph obtained. What was the effect of increased system resistance (system resistance increases as the aperture is closed) on the shape of the curve obtained? Note the points at which the system and compressor characteristic curves cross, and determine the duty point for each aperture setting investigated. How does this duty point change with increasing system resistance? Using the efficiency curve, determine the aperture setting for which the duty point of the compressor best suits the system characteristic. Prepared by:S.S ay