MuLeHC

Multi‐‐Level 
Multi Level Header
Header Compression
July 2011
All rights reserved © SIAE MICROELETTRONICA
 Multi‐‐Level 
Multi Level Header
Header Compression

Packet Header Compression

• Main concepts:
M i
Packets belonging to the same flow share a large part of the header that does 
not vary over time (up to 90% of header: IP and MAC addresses, Ethernet 
TAGs, MPLS labels, etc.). As a basic idea, Header Compression operates at the 
terminations of a radio link, storing all the information that repeats identically 
packet after packet and transmitting only the variable fields (sequence 
number, timestamp, etc.): thus, in the presence of long communication flows 
characterized by a large number of packets (such as, for example, real‐time 
communications), we can achieve good throughput gains.
You should simultaneously support several streams in order to maximize the 
gain. All the static information of the packets belonging to the same flow are 
stored by the compressor/decompressor block and we call them context.

MuLeHC – July 2011

All rights reserved © SIAE MICROELETTRONICA
 Multi‐‐Level 
Multi Level Header
Header Compression

Packet Header Compression: SIAE implementation

• Main features:
It supports and automatically recognizes a large number of protocols:
Ethernet (802.1D – 802.1Q – 802.1ad – 802.1ah) + non‐standard S‐TAG ethertypes
0x9100, 0x9200 and user defined
MPLS + “MPLS‐like” PW with or without Control Word (RFC4385)
IPv4/IPv6
UDP
RTP
GTP‐U (for IP tunneling with eNodeB)
It supports header with size up to 64 bytes (single‐level
It supports header with size up to 64 bytes (single HC) or up to 124 bytes (dual‐
level HC) or up to 124 bytes (dual
level HC)
It compresses simultaneously a large number of flows
up to 128 contexts during this phase
p g p
up to a theoretical maximum of 4096 in the future
Compression CRCs and Feedback messages in order to ensure a correct 
compression/decompression process

MuLeHC – July 2011

All rights reserved © SIAE MICROELETTRONICA
 Multi‐‐Level 
Multi Level Header
Header Compression

Multi‐Level Header Compression: example A (single level)

Ethernet HC context ID
18 bytes
(802 1Q)
(802.1Q) 20 24 
20‐24
HC dynamic fields
bytes
4 bytes MPLS HC CRCs

10 bytes Payload
20 bytes
20 bytes IPv4
Header
4 bytes Ethernet FCS
8 bytes UDP Compression
34 38 bytes packet
34‐38 bytes
12 bytes RTP

10 bytes Payload

4 bytes Ethernet FCS

76 bytes packet
(62 bytes of header)
(62 bytes of header)

MuLeHC – July 2011

All rights reserved © SIAE MICROELETTRONICA
 Multi‐‐Level 
Multi Level Header
Header Compression

Multi‐Level Header Compression: example B (dual‐level)

Ethernet
18 bytes
(802 1Q)
(802.1Q)

4 bytes MPLS
HC context ID
20 bytes
20 bytes IPv4 32 bytes HC dynamic fields

HC CRCs
8 bytes UDP
10 bytes Payload
12 bytes GTP‐U
Header
4 bytes Ethernet FCS
40 bytes IPv6 Compression
46 bytes packet
46 bytes
8 bytes UDP

12 bytes RTP

10 bytes Payload

4 bytes
4 bytes Ethernet FCS

136 bytes packet
(122 bytes of header) MuLeHC – July 2011
All rights reserved © SIAE MICROELETTRONICA
 Multi‐‐Level 
Multi Level Header
Header Compression
Maximum system throughput gain
with Header Optimization and
Multi-Level Header Compression
270,00%
VoIP over PBB [2 levels HC]
260,00%
250 00%
250,00% VoIP with eNodeB (IP Tunneling) [2 levels HC]

240,00% VoIP over IPv6+MPLS [2 levels HC]

230,00% 802.1ad + MPLS + IPv4 + UDP + RTP
220,00% 802.1ad + MPLS + IPv4 + UDP
210,00% 802.1ad + MPLS + IPv4
200,00%
, 802 1ad + MPLS
802.1ad
190,00%
802.1ad
put gain [%]

180,00%
802.1Q
170,00%
Ethernet (MAC only)
160,00%
Header optimization (no header compression)
150,00%
Maxiimum throughp

140,00%
130,00%
120,00%
110,00%
100,00%
90 00%
90,00%
80,00%
70,00%
60,00%
50,00%
40,00%
30,00%
20,00% ALCplus2e
10,00% Radio fragmentation disabled
0,00% Radio concatenation disabled
Ports in secure mode
-10,00%
64
96
28
60
92
24
56
88
20
52
84
416
48
80
512
44
76
08
40
72
04
36
68
00
32
64
96
28
60
92
24
56
88
20
52
84
1216
48
80
1312
44
76
08
40
72
04
6
9
12
16
19
22
25
28
32
35
38

44
48

54
57
60
64
67
70
73
76
80
83
86
89
92
96
99
102
105
108
112
115
118

124
128

134
137
140
144
147
150
Packet size [bytes]

MuLeHC – July 2011

All rights reserved © SIAE MICROELETTRONICA
 Multi‐‐Level 
Multi Level Header
Header Compression
Maximum L1 equivalent throughput
with Header Optimization and
Multi-Level Header Compression
1000
VoIP over PBB [2 levels HC]
950
VoIP with eNodeB (IP Tunneling) [2 levels HC]
900 VoIP over IPv6+MPLS [2 levels HC]
850 802.1ad + MPLS + IPv4 + UDP + RTP
802.1ad + MPLS + IPv4 + UDP
800
Maximum L1 equivalent tthroughput [Mbps]

802.1ad + MPLS + IPv4

750
802 1ad + MPLS
802.1ad
700 802.1ad

650 802.1Q
Ethernet (MAC only)
600
Header optimization (no header compression)
550

500

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100 ALCplus2e
Radio fragmentation disabled
50 Radio concatenation disabled
Ports in secure mode
0
64
96
28
60
92
24
56
88
20
52
84
416
48
80
512
44
76
08
40
72
04
36
68
00
32
64
96
28
60
92
24
56
88
20
52
84
1216
48
80
1312
44
76
08
40
72
04
56 MHz – 256 QAM
6
9
12
16
19
22
25
28
32
35
38

44
48

54
57
60
64
67
70
73
76
80
83
86
89
92
96
99
102
105
108
112
115
118

124
128

134
137
140
144
147
150
Packet size [bytes]

MuLeHC – July 2011

All rights reserved © SIAE MICROELETTRONICA
 Multi‐‐Level 
Multi Level Header
Header Compression
Maximum L2 throughput
with Header Optimization and
Multi-Level Header Compression
1000
VoIP over PBB [2 levels HC]
950
VoIP with eNodeB (IP Tunneling) [2 levels HC]
900 VoIP over IPv6+MPLS [2 levels HC]
850 802.1ad + MPLS + IPv4 + UDP + RTP
802.1ad + MPLS + IPv4 + UDP
800
Maximum L2 equivalent tthroughput [Mbps]

802.1ad + MPLS + IPv4

750
802 1ad + MPLS
802.1ad
700 802.1ad

650 802.1Q
Ethernet (MAC only)
600
Header optimization (no header compression)
550

500

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100 ALCplus2e
Radio fragmentation disabled
50 Radio concatenation disabled
Ports in secure mode
0
64
96
28
60
92
24
56
88
20
52
84
416
48
80
512
44
76
08
40
72
04
36
68
00
32
64
96
28
60
92
24
56
88
20
52
84
1216
48
80
1312
44
76
08
40
72
04
56 MHz – 256 QAM
6
9
12
16
19
22
25
28
32
35
38

44
48

54
57
60
64
67
70
73
76
80
83
86
89
92
96
99
102
105
108
112
115
118

124
128

134
137
140
144
147
150
Packet size [bytes]

MuLeHC – July 2011

All rights reserved © SIAE MICROELETTRONICA
 Multi‐‐Level 
Multi Level Header
Header Compression
Maximum system throughput gain with
Header Optimization, Multi-Level Header Compression
and Radio Concatenation
270,00%
VoIP over PBB [2 levels HC]
260,00%
VoIP with eNodeB ((IP Tunneling)
g) [[2 levels HC]]
250 00%
250,00%
VoIP over IPv6+MPLS [2 levels HC]
240,00%
802.1ad + MPLS + IPv4 + UDP + RTP
230,00%
802.1ad + MPLS + IPv4 + UDP
220,00%
802.1ad + MPLS + IPv4
210,00%
200,00%
, 802.1ad + MPLS

190,00% 802.1ad
put gain [%]

180,00% 802.1Q
170,00% Ethernet (MAC only)
160,00% Header optimization (no header compression)
150,00%
Maxiimum throughp

140,00%
130,00%
120,00%
110,00%
100,00%
90 00%
90,00%
80,00%
70,00%
60,00%
50,00%
40,00%
30,00%
20,00% ALCplus2e
10,00% Radio fragmentation disabled
0,00% Radio concatenation enabled
Ports in secure mode
-10,00%
64
96
28
60
92
24
56
88
20
52
84
416
48
80
512
44
76
08
40
72
04
36
68
00
32
64
96
28
60
92
24
56
88
20
52
84
1216
48
80
1312
44
76
08
40
72
04
6
9
12
16
19
22
25
28
32
35
38

44
48

54
57
60
64
67
70
73
76
80
83
86
89
92
96
99
102
105
108
112
115
118

124
128

134
137
140
144
147
150
Packet size [bytes]

MuLeHC – July 2011

All rights reserved © SIAE MICROELETTRONICA
 Multi‐‐Level 
Multi Level Header
Header Compression
Maximum L1 equivalent throughput with
Header Optimization, Multi-Level Header Compression
and Radio Concatenation
1000

950

900

850

800
Maximum L1 equivalent tthroughput [Mbps]

750

700

650

600

550

500

450
VoIP over PBB [2 levels HC]
400
VoIP with eNodeB (IP Tunneling) [2 levels HC]
350
VoIP over IPv6+MPLS [2 levels HC]
300 802.1ad + MPLS + IPv4 + UDP + RTP

250 802.1ad + MPLS + IPv4 + UDP

802.1ad + MPLS + IPv4
200
802.1ad + MPLS
150 802.1ad

100 802.1Q
ALCplus2e
Ethernet (MAC only) Radio fragmentation disabled
50 Radio concatenation enabled
Header optimization (no header compression)
Ports in secure mode
0
64
96
28
60
92
24
56
88
20
52
84
416
48
80
512
44
76
08
40
72
04
36
68
00
32
64
96
28
60
92
24
56
88
20
52
84
1216
48
80
1312
44
76
08
40
72
04
56 MHz – 256 QAM
6
9
12
16
19
22
25
28
32
35
38

44
48

54
57
60
64
67
70
73
76
80
83
86
89
92
96
99
102
105
108
112
115
118

124
128

134
137
140
144
147
150
Packet size [bytes]

MuLeHC – July 2011

All rights reserved © SIAE MICROELETTRONICA
 Multi‐‐Level 
Multi Level Header
Header Compression
Maximum L2 throughput with
Header Optimization, Multi-Level Header Compression
and Radio Concatenation
1000

950

900

850

800
Maximum L2 equivalent tthroughput [Mbps]

750

700

650

600

550

500

450
VoIP over PBB [2 levels HC]
400
VoIP with eNodeB (IP Tunneling) [2 levels HC]
350
VoIP over IPv6+MPLS [2 levels HC]
300 802.1ad + MPLS + IPv4 + UDP + RTP

250 802.1ad + MPLS + IPv4 + UDP

802.1ad + MPLS + IPv4
200
802.1ad + MPLS
150 802.1ad

100 802.1Q
ALCplus2e
Ethernet (MAC only) Radio fragmentation disabled
50 Radio concatenation enabled
Header optimization (no header compression)
Ports in secure mode
0
64
96
28
60
92
24
56
88
20
52
84
416
48
80
512
44
76
08
40
72
04
36
68
00
32
64
96
28
60
92
24
56
88
20
52
84
1216
48
80
1312
44
76
08
40
72
04
56 MHz – 256 QAM
6
9
12
16
19
22
25
28
32
35
38

44
48

54
57
60
64
67
70
73
76
80
83
86
89
92
96
99
102
105
108
112
115
118

124
128

134
137
140
144
147
150
Packet size [bytes]

MuLeHC – July 2011

All rights reserved © SIAE MICROELETTRONICA
 Multi‐‐Level 
Multi Level Header
Header Compression

The reasons for a Multi‐Level HC (1)

• Traffic coverage of a single‐level context
T ffi f i l l l

Traffic coverage of a single Traffic coverage of a single Traffic coverage of a single 

HIGH layer session LOW layer session “No Context” session

MuLeHC – July 2011

All rights reserved © SIAE MICROELETTRONICA
 Multi‐‐Level 
Multi Level Header
Header Compression

The reasons for a Multi‐Level HC (2)

• Memory requirements for a single‐level header compression
M i f i l l lh d i
HIGH layer header compression

LOW layer header compression

“No Context” header compression

MuLeHC – July 2011

All rights reserved © SIAE MICROELETTRONICA
 Multi‐‐Level 
Multi Level Header
Header Compression

The reasons for a Multi‐Level HC (3)

• Multi‐Level Header Compression approach
We compress low layer and high layer sessions simultaneously in the same 
W l l d hi h l i i lt l i th
flow and using different contexts, independent from each other. We call this 
compression scheme Multi‐Level Header Compression (MuLeHC).
This can combine the benefits of low layer and high layer header compression:
This can combine the benefits of low layer and high layer header compression:
Compressing a great portion of the traffic with low layer header 
compression
Reaching the high compression gain of high layer header compression

MuLeHC – July 2011

All rights reserved © SIAE MICROELETTRONICA