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Introduction
An A.C bridge in its basic form consists of four arms. Each of the four arms
is an impedance. An a.c source A detector, sensitive to small alternating
potential differences
Sources
Detectors
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he figure shows basic A.C. bridge circuit, four arms of the bridge are
impedances Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 .
The condition for balance of bridge require that there should be no current
flow through the detector.
This will be the case when potential difference across b and d is zero. i.e.,
voltage drop between a and b is equal to voltage drop between a and d.
E 1 = E 2 .......... .( 1 )
also
E
I = I = .......... .....( 3 )
1 3
z 1+ Z 3
and
E
I 2 = I 4 = .......... .....( 4 )
Z 2+ Z 4
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E E
∴ * Z 1 = * Z 2
Z 1+ Z 3 Z 2+ Z 4
⇒ Z 1 Z 2 + Z 1 Z 4 = Z 1 Z 2 + Z 2 Z 3
(Z ∠θ ) × (Z ∠θ ) = (Z ∠θ ) × (Z ∠θ )..........(7)
1 1 4 4 2 2 3 3
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Z 1Z 4 = Z 2Z 3 ⇒ (R 1 + j ω L 1 )R 4 = (R 2 + j ω L 2 )R 3
⇒ R 1 R 4 + jω L 1 R 4 = R 2 R 3 + jω L 2 R 3
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Separating real and imaginary parts
R3
R1R 4= R 2 R 3 ∴ R 1= ⋅R 2
R4
R3
jω L 1 R 4 = jω L 2 R 3 ∴ L 1= ⋅L 2
R4
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Problem
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1) A four impedances of an a.c bridge in ohms are
Z1= 400
Z2=200
Z3=800
Z4=400
Find out whether the bridge is balanced under these conditions.
Solution
Applying first condition
Z 1Z 4 = Z 2Z 3
400x400=200X800
1600=1600
Applying second condition
50+20= 70
40-50= -10
This indicates that the bridge cannot be balanced with these impedances.
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Given R1=20Ω,L1=0.22H,R4=750Ω,R3=40Ω,L3=0.1H At balance
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Value of ratio R1/R3 should also be 2.2 for both resistive and inductive
balance, therefore series resistance has to be added to arm ab and let this
be r1
R 1+ r 1
∴ = 2 .2
R 3
⇒ r 1 = 2 .2 × (R 3 ) − R 1
∴ r 1 = 2 .2 × (40 ) − 20 = 68 Ω
SOLUTION:
ω=2π f = 6283.185 rad/sec
Z3 = R3+(1/j ωC3)
= 1000-j318.30 Ω
= 1049.43 -17.6 Ω
Z4 = R4+j ωL4
= 200+j188.49 Ω
= 274.82 43.3 Ω
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