Professional Documents
Culture Documents
62,594
~~~
Table II. Some Estimates of LC50, with Lower and Upper 95 % Confidence Interval Endpoints, for Data of Table I
Probll Logit d Spearman-Karber, e %
Table 111. Example of Trimmed Spearman-Karber Calculations. Data Set 1C from Table I
Tank ( 11 1 2 3 4 5
Concn mg/L 15.54 20.47 27.92 35.98 55.52
Log, concn xi 2.7434 3.0190 3.3293 3.5830 4.0167
No. of fish ni 20 20 20 19 20
No. of mortalities ri 0 1 0 3 20
Mortality proportion Pi 0.0 0.05 0.0 0.158 1.oo
Adjusted mortality proportion Pi 0.0 0.025 0.025 0.158 1.00
Table IV. Examples of Calculation of 0- and 10%-Trimmed Spearman-Karber Estimates of p for Data of Table 111
10%
(1) Log, of concn interval: x,) (3.4724, 3.5830) (3.5830, 3.9652) Total
(2) Relative frequency: ,ol5/ - lofij-l 0.0725 0.9275 1.000
(3) Midpoint of interval: + xj)/2 3.5277 3.7741
(2) x (3) 0.25576 3.50048 3.7562
= 42.79 mg/L.
The estimate of p is 3.7562, and the estimate of LC50 is thus e3.7562
0%
(1) Log, of concn interval: ( x I - , , xi) (2.7434, 3.0190) (3.0190, 3.3293) 3.3293, 3.5830) (3.5830, 4.0167) Total
(2) Relative frequency: PI - Pj- 0.025 0.0 0.133 0.842 1.000
(3) Midpoint of interval: + xj)/2 2.8812 3.1742 3.4562 3.7999
(2) x (3) 0.07203 0.0 0.45967 3.19952 3.7312
= 41.73 mg/L.
The estimate of p is 3.7312, and the estimate of LC50 is thus e3.7312
mean (7).The experimenter must choose a constant a , where adjustment is necessary. Both @ 2 and @ 3 are set equal to ( r 2
0 ICY 5 50, which is the percent of extreme values to be + r 3 ) / ( n 2 + n3) = 1/40 = 0.025. This process is continued until
trimmed from each tail of the tolerance distribution before the pi’s are in a monotone nondecreasing sequence. If mono-
calculating the estimate of w. The choice of a = 0 produces the tonicity is violated for more than pairs, the order in which
conventional Spearman-Karber estimate. The estimation averaging is performed is unimportant since the final PL’swill
procedure will now be described in detail using data set 1C of always be the same (8).
Table I. The second step is to plot the ( x l , p i ) points and connect
The first step is to adjust p i , . . . , pk if these mortality them with straight lines as shown in Figure la. The polygonal
proportions do not satisfy p1 Ip2 I. . . Ip k . This adjust- figure formed is an estimate of P ( x ) ,the cumulative relative
ment is necessary because it is known that &‘(XI) IP ( x 2 ) I frequency curve for the tolerance distribution.
. . . IP ( x k ) , and we require the p i ’ s to have this same mono- The third step is to trim off the upper a percent and lower
tone nondecreasing order. Thus, we will define new mortality CY percent of the polygon. Change the ordinate scale by re-
proportions @I, @ 2 , . . . ,@k by combining the mortalities (r,’s) placing @ with @ , = (@ - a/100)/(1- 2 a/lOO). Ignore those
and the numbers of fish (n,’s)of any adjacent pi’s which are ,,@valueswhich are less than zero or greater than one. The
not in the proper monotone order to give a new averaged es- resulting polygon is an estimate of the cumulative relative
timate of mortality proportion, @, a t the two adjacent doses. frequency curve for the central (100 - 2 a ) percent of the
Consider Table 111. Because p 3 = 0.0 is less than p2 = 0.05, tolerance distribution. If the experimenter does not want to