5

‫ﺳﺮﻓﺼﻞ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ‬

‫ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺁﺑﺎﺩﻯ‬
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‫ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﭼﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸــﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳــﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴــﺎﺕ ﺳــﻄﺢﺍﻻﺭﺿﻲ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺎﺷــﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺳــﻮﺩﻩ ﺷــﺪﻥ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴــﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻟﻴﺎژﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻮﺭﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴــﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷــﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎء ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴــﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻳﺰﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺯﻳﺴﺖﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻣﺸــﻜﻞﺗﺮ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺧــﻮﺩ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫــﺶ ﺁﻻﻳﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﻄﺢ‪ -‬ﺍﻣﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺎﻗﻲﻣﺎﻧــﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً‬
‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ]‪1‬ﻭ‪2‬ﻭ‪. [3‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ ]‪1‬ﻭ‪.[2‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻴﻖﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﺗﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺷــﻴﺐ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻣﺎﻳﻲ »ژﺋﻮﺗﺮﻣﺎﻝ« ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻴــﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺳــﺘﺤﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻛﺘﺸــﺎﻓﻰ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟــﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳــﺘﺮﺱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠــﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫»ژﺋﻮﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ« ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 200‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺸــﻜﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺎﻡ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺷــﻮﺍﺭﺗﺮ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳــﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻴﻖﺗــﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎﻫــﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺗــﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑــﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ ‪ ،1960‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑــﻪ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮ ﻭ ﻧﻴــﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻤــﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﻔﺮ ﭼﺎﻩﻫﺎﻳــﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ‪ 50‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺸــﻜﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧــﺎﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ‬ ‫ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬
‫‪ 20,000‬ﻓــﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠــﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪ 1990‬ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻛﺘﺸــﺎﻑ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﻔﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ]‪1‬ﻭ‪. [2‬‬
‫‪ 400‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ )‪ 200‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ(‬ ‫ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻃــﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻫــﺎﻱ ‪ 1980‬ﺗــﺎ ‪،2000‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 2000‬ﭘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳــﻦ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺘﻲ )ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ]‪.[1‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺷــﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺴــﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ(‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺣﻔــﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻳــﺪ ﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠــﻪ ﺑــﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫‪ 27‬ﺩﻻﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‪/‬ﺑﺸﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1981‬ﺗﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺳــﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺨﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﺩﻻﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‪/‬ﺑﺸــﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ ‪ 1995‬ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎء ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪» :‬ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴــﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻃــﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻼ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷــﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬‫ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒ ً‬ ‫ﺍﻓﻘﻲ« ﻭ »ﭼﻨﺪ ﺟﻬﺘﻪ« ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺣﻔــﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳــﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺼﻲﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪،1990‬‬
‫‪ 20,000‬ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺭﻧــﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﺩﻱﺍﻛﺴــﻴﺪ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻭ ﺳــﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﺷــﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺸــﻰ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻛــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴــﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﭼﺮﺧﺸــﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻻﻳﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ِﻝ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ‬
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‫ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ /‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ / 85‬ﺁﺫﺭ ﻣﺎﻩ ‪1390‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺮﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻢ »ﻧﺎﻧﻮ«‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻯ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮ ﻧﻮﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻛﺘﺸــﺎﻑ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴــﺘﻪ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺳــﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﺰﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺰ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔــﻲ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺷــﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ‬
‫• ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﺨﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺒﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﺭﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷــﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻭ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺶ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﺪ ]‪. [1‬‬
‫ﺩﻣــﺎ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﻔــﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻣــﻮﺍﺝ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫»ﻧﺎﻧﻮ« ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪.(1‬‬
‫• ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﺴــﮕﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﺶ ﺳﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﻫﺸﺖ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓــﺖ ﺍﻃﻼﻋــﺎﺕ ﺩﻗﻴﻖﺗــﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ‪ 11‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺎﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣـﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴــﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧــﺪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻛﺘﺸـﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫• ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣـﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺷــﺪﺕ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑــﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﺮﺯﻩﺍﻱ )ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻯ ‪2‬ﻭ‪. [7 ,6 ,5] (3‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺧﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫• ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﻧﻮﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺧﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴــﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫــﺎﻱ ﺑــﺎﻻ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻠــﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧــﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫــﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻓﻨــﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺴــﻚﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫• ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺴﻚ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻯ ﭼﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ]‪1‬ﻭ‪ .[4‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫• ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ »ﻧﺎﻧﻮ« ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ]‪: [5-11‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻯ »ﻧﺎﻧﻮ« ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻛﺘﺸــﺎﻑ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻛﺘﺸــﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ‬
‫• ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺭﺳــﺎﻧﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺗﺮﺍﺷﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫‪ 2‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺴــﮕﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﻧﮕﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫‪Seismic reflection profiling‬‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺭﻭﻛﺶ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫‪Recording truck‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺭﻭﻛﺶ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪Geophones‬‬
‫‪Drilling rig‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺰﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫‪Velocity 1‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺰﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫‪Velocity 2‬‬ ‫‪Geological structure‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ 3‬ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﻧﮕﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬

‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺕ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺁﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺁﺭﺍﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬
‫‪ 4‬ﻣﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻯ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪ 1‬ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻫﺎ‬
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‫ﺳﺮﻓﺼﻞ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧــﻮ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﻬــﺖ ﺗﺴــﻬﻴﻞِ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎﻝ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ‬ ‫• ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠــﻪ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺷــﺪﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺳــﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ »ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺭﺩﻳﺎﺏ«ﻫــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧــﻞ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﻬﺒــﻮﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣــﺖ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ »ﺳــﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﮔــﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻓــﺰﻭﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮓ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ )ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ« ﺑﻪ ﺳــﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺳــﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻧﻔﺖﺧﺎﻡ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ‬ ‫• ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﻧﺎﻧــﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺟــﺬﺏ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺑــﺎﻻ )ﭼﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﻭ ﭼﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻫﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ژﺋﻮﺗﺮﻣﺎﻝ( ﺭﺍ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺑﺨﺸﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻔﺖﺧﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ(‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺫﺭﺍﺕ »ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ« ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫• ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫• ﺍﻓــﺰﻭﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﺧــﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩﻫــﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ »ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ« ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺟﺬﺏ ‪ H2S‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﺬﻑ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﻧﻤﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ‬ ‫• ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ »ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭ«ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫــﺶ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔــﻲ ﺑــﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴــﺎﺕ ﺣﻔــﺎﺭﻱ )ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻫــﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ‪ ،2‬ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ ﺳــﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫»ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ«ﻫﺎﻳــﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨــﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ(‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻢﺗــﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﻮﺫﭘﺬﻳــﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺍﻳــﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺁﻟﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪(5‬‬ ‫• ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ »ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ« ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺒﻚﻛﺎﺭﻱ ]‪.[12‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺳــﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﺕ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫــﺶ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔــﻲ ﺑــﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻳﺰﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴــﺖﻫﺎﻱ »ﻧﺎﻧﻮ«ﻳﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺴــﻬﻴﻞ‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﺳــﺎﺯﻱ ﺳــﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ »ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻯ« ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺣﻔــﺎﺭﻱ )ﺑﻪﺧﺼــﻮﺹ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫• ﺳــﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺠﻬﻴــﺰﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻧﻮﻛﺴــﻴﺪﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻭ ﺩﻱﺍﻛﺴــﻴﺪﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻪﻫــﺎﻱ ﺣﻔــﺎﺭﻱ( ﺑﺎﺩﻭﺍﻡﺗــﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ]‪: [5 -11‬‬
‫‪Nano titanium filter‬‬ ‫‪conventional filter‬‬
‫‪ 5‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ 7‬ﺍﻧﺴﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‬ ‫‪ 6‬ﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﻰ‬
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‫ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ /‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ / 85‬ﺁﺫﺭ ﻣﺎﻩ ‪1390‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬

‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸــﺮﻓﺖ ﻋﻠــﻢ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ‬ ‫• ﺣﺬﻑ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﮔﻮﮔﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ »ﺗﻴﻮﻓﻦ«ﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫• ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﻲِ ﺧﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨــﺪﺓ ﻧﺰﺩﻳــﻚ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺑــﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣــﻰ‬ ‫»ﺗﻴﻮﻝ«ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ »ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺗﻴﻮﺏﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻋﺮﺻﻪﻫــﺎﻯ ﺻﻨﻌﺘــﻰ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫــﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ«‪ 4‬ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻏﻴﺮﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌــﺖ ﻧﻔــﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻧﻴــﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻰﺑﻬﺮﻩ‬ ‫• ﺗﺒﺪﻳــﻞ ﻧﻔــﺖ ﺳــﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺳــﺒﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ »ﭘﺎﻻﺩﻳﻢ« ﭘﻮﺷــﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎً‬ ‫)ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺭژﻥ( ]‪[13‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺴــﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻭ ﺿﻌﻒﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫• ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴــﺖﻫﺎ )ﻛﺒﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻛﺘﺸــﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴــﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﺎ( ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ »ﻓﻴﺸــﺮ‪-‬ﺗﺮﻭﭘﺶ«‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪(6‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍَﺷــﻜﺎﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﻲ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻝﻫﺎﻱ »ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺘﻲ« ﺩﺭ‬
‫)ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻏﺸﺎء‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺣﺴﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫• ﺗﻮﻟﻴــﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺳــﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳــﺖ ﻭ ‪ (...‬ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﺭﻳــﻖ ﺑﺨــﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑــﺎ ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴــﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺭﻭﺑﻪﺭﻭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﻧﺴﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣــﺮ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺍﻃﻼﻉﺭﺳــﺎﻧﻰ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫»ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺰﻭﺭ«ﻫﺎ‪.5‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪.(7‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼــﻮﺹ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪﻯﻫــﺎﻯ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ‬ ‫• ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ‪ 6GTL‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫• ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻏﺸــﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ‬
‫‪-‬ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﺩﺳــﺖﺍﻧﺪﺭﻛﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‪ -‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ »ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ«ﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺩﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻻﻥ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻨــﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫• ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺟــﺎﺫﺏ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳــﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫• ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ‬
‫ﺟﻬــﺖ ﮔﻴــﺮﻯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸــﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﻧﺸﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﺩﻭﺩﻥ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴــﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔــﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳــﺎﻳﺶ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟــﻮژﻯ ﺑــﻪ ﺳــﻤﺖ ﺭﻓــﻊ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫• ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻋﻤــﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫــﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑــﺮﺩ ﺩﺭﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺑــﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷــﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴــﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻋﺮﺻــﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺞﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﻴــﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔــﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨــﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫• ﺳــﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﻳﺰ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺁﺗﺶﺳﻮﺯﻱ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺟﺪﺍﻳــﺶ »ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺱﻭﺍﺭﻩ«ﻫــﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﻌﺎﻧــﺎﺕ‬
‫ﭘﻰ ﻧﻮﺷﺖﻫﺎ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪hadifathabadi@yahoo.com‬‬ ‫)‪Wait On Cement (WOC‬‬ ‫‪Nanocatalysts‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪Perforation‬‬ ‫‪Gas To Liquid‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Titania Nanotubes‬‬
‫ﻣﻨــــﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫‪[1] Matthew R.G.Bell, Shell Technology Ventures Inc.,‬‬ ‫]‪ [3‬ﺳــﻴﺪ ﺭﺍﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫‪A Case for Nanomaterials in the Oil & Gas Explora-‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪،1‬‬
‫‪tion & Production Business, 2008.‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪ ،162‬ﻓﺮﻭﺭﺩﻳﻦ ‪.1390‬‬
‫‪[2] Saeid Mokhatab, Mariela Araujo Fresky, M. Rafiqul‬‬ ‫]‪ [5‬ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺍﺣﻤﺪﭘﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻫﺎﺩﻯ ﭘﻴﺮﻣــﺮﺍﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫــﺎﻯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪Islam, Application of Nanotechnology in Oil and‬‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷــﻴﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺷــﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ،18‬ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‪-‬ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ‬
‫‪Gas E&P, Journal of Petroleum Technology, 2006.‬‬ ‫‪.1387‬‬
‫‪[4] Sunjay, Nano-Science & Technology in Upstream,‬‬ ‫]‪ [8‬ﺍﻣﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻛﺴــﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳــﻌﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺘﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻻﺯﻣﻪ‬
‫‪8th Biennial International Conference & Exposition‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ‪.1389 ،‬‬
‫‪on Petroleum Geophysics, 2010.‬‬ ‫]‪ [12‬ﺭﺿﺎ ﺷــﻴﺪﭘﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺳــﻴﺪ ﻣﻬﺪﻯ ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎﻳﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﻮﺫﺭ ﺳــﻬﺮﺍﺑﻰ ﺟﻬﺮﻣــﻰ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‬
‫‪[6] http://jami2.persianblog.ir.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧــﻮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸــﺒﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻯ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳــﺘﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣــﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ‬
‫‪[7] http://www.engineeramin.blogfa.com.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ،56‬ﺁﺑﺎﻥ ‪.1387‬‬
‫‪[9] http://www.technicaltoolworld.com.‬‬ ‫]‪ [13‬ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﺑﺴــﺘﺎﻣﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻘﻰ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫‪[10] http://www.ripi.ir.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷــﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪،12‬‬
‫‪[11] http://www.nano.ir.‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪ ،149‬ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪.1388‬‬
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‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ‬

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