127 {c) (i) Upthrust is due to the difference in the hydrostatic pressure acting on the top and bottom of the mass. [2] OR the pressure acting on the top is lower than the pressure acting on the bottom of the mass. This gives rise to a net force acting upwards. [1] (student has to show the understanding that the upthrust is a upward force) Volume submerged x density of water x g 12x 10% x 1000 x 9.81 =0.12N [2] (ii) Apparent weight = True Weight - Upthrust 12 x 9.81 — 0.12 = 0.86 N [2] (iv) Length L = 7.2 om at W = 0.86 N [1] (i) Upthrust = TOPIC 5: WEP SOLUTIONS 4 (a) Amount of work done by each of the forces is zero [1] Forces perpendicular to motion [1] (b) Determination of force F: Use of gradient seen/implied F=27-29N [2] (0) Graph Straight line finishing at (1.8, 0) (+ or — 1 small square) [1] Starting at (0, 5) (+ or~ 1 small square) [1] (d) Calculation of speed Use of k.e. = % mu? / use of F = ma and equation of motion U=3.5 ms* [2] (€) (i) Sketch of graph Ascending line whose gradient decreases as d increases [1] (ii) Force greater at higher speed/gradient is the force/force decreases with distance [2] 2(a) Usefil work dncrease) in pe done by moter OR wad. against gtavity/ingh [Not wed. on car] (b) () Useful work done by motor: Correct substitution in mgh, =. 3400 x 9.81% 30 1.00 MJ [2] (il) Power output of motor: Power = 1.00 MJ / 15 (s) = 67 kW (2) (i) (Gravitational) netic energy erence | Gud ene) potential energy OR wd. b128 i) Ah = (30-12) =18 m Use of % mv? =g.p.. lost = mg Ah v=i9ms* [2] (d) Same speedino effect [1] same for all masses and mass m cancels out, so v is independent of m. [1] 3 (a) arrow gains more energy/aiming is more reliable/arrow travels faster or further (b) Calculate area under curve Area of 1 large square = 5 J Value between 75 and 85J. [3] (©) Equating energy to % mv? ¥=3.3x 10? v=57.6 ms" [2] (d) opposes motion of arrow / arrow has to do work on air range reduced / arrow slows down! ke of arrow reduced falls less (in same time) [2] 4 (a) Average force multiplied by distance moved in direction of force [1] (©) Work done negative when force is in opposite direction to displacement [1] (d) Kinetic energy is reduced/gets less [1] e) ‘a0 Free body diagram: Weight vertically downwards [1] (i) N=mg cos 0 80 = 10 x 9.81 x cos0 0 = 35° [2] (ii) Resultant force= mg sin 0 = 57 N [2] (iv) Work done = force x distance = 57x15 = 850 J [2] 5 (a) Use of mghrt Vertical drop per second hit gps. pers =3.9 x 10°W [2] (8.4 m) sin (3°) (b) work against friction becomes internal energy [1] jain in gpe per second + rate of workdone against friction 3.9% 108+ 3.9 x 102 TEx1OW [3] (0) Rate of workin 6 (a) Time = 2 r/v = 2m x 60 m/0.20 ms = 1900s 2) (b) Change in passenger's velocity: Direction changes 180° , so Av = u-(u) = 2 u = 0.40 ms“ [2] (©) gp m mgh 30 x 10° Ji(9.81 ms x 120 m) 8 kgl3]129 (@) Sketch graph: GPEKI Labelled axes and line showing PE increasing with time [1] Sinusoidal shape [1] (950 s, 80 kJ) tt] Explaining the shape of the graph: h= R - Reos8 h= R- Reos(ot) mgh= mgR (1 - cost) us 950 (@) No, because passenger on other side is losing gpe [1] If wheel equally loaded OR balanced with people [1] OR Yes, because no other passengers [1] so unequally loaded [1] 7 (a)(i) Gravitational potential (energy) (ii) converted to kinetic / movement (energy) / work done (b) Principal of conservation of eneray Energy can be neither created nor destroyed. (1) It can only be transformed from one form to another or transferred from one body to another but the total amount remains unchanged in a closediisolated system [2] (c) Power = force x velocity 1.7 % 10° (W) = 3.5 x 10° (N) x v v= 4.86 ms” [2] (a) Explanation [1 Not all the energy of the falling water is transferred to the output power OR system is not 100% efficient OR water is not brought to rest OR friction OR some of the energy is transferred to heat/sound/surroundings. (e) Time = 7 x 10° (m*)/390(m°s")= 17 949 s [1] jolume x density 7 * 10° (m?) x 10° (kg m™) = 7.0 x 10° kg force x distance 0 x 10° (kg) x 9.81 (ms™) x 500 (m) 3.43 «105 ‘gravitational ‘elastic total energy /J- kinetic energy /J_| potential energy / | potential energy / ee ee ee eee top 0 6.32 3.85 middle 2.47 reference zero | reference zero 8.79