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0 6 5 E th ic s I\ P ra c tic a l S c ie n ce
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b a la n c in g p r o fit a n d c h a r it S
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a re m a n y s itu a tio n s th a t f l
a l in b e tw e e n T h e y c o n s titu te th e g re y a Fe a s b e tw e e n th e ' '

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0 6 6 E th Ëc s ı
n A P ı
u ra lis tic S o c ie ty
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a re ra s ,
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co m m u n itie s ,
e ac h o f w h ic h h a s its ow n v ie w o f th e m o ra lly g o o d life W h a te ve r th e
d iv e rs ity a n d d is a g r e e m e n t w e fin d w e a ls o fin d g e n e ra l a g re e m e n t th a t m a tu re rs o n s
, pe
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,

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o ng as th e y d o n o h a rm to a n y o th e r pe rs o n

o M EG Rı
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0 7 1 In tr o d u c tio n Gn
In te g r ity is o n e o m m o st im p o rta n t v irtu e te rm s It is u se d
s w o n y m o u s ly w ith
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m o ra ı A t tim
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e s w e d is tin g u is h a c tin g m o ra lly fro rri ac tin g w ith in te g rity P e rs o n s o f
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im m o ra ıly T h u s o n e m a y a c k n ow ı
e dge a p e rs o n to h a v e in te g rity eve n th o u g h th a t p e rs o n

m y m is ta k e n
a y h o ld im p o r ta n tı m o ra l v ie w s

a s a v ir tu e integnily r e le ıs to q u a lily f a p e rs o
'
W he n use d te rm ,
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it is ppı
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, ,

n te g ń ty is a ls o a ttr ib u te d to v a n o u s p a rts o r a s p e đs o f a p e r s o n s ı ife W e s p e a k o f '

ı
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(iii) in te g rity a s s ta n d in g fo r s o m e th in g ;

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(v ) in te g r ity a s a v irtu e

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n s in te g ra tin g
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0 7 4 In te g ń ty A s M a in te n a n c e de
O fı n tity
o n s a c tin g
'

A re la te d a p p ro ac h to in te g r ity is to th in k o f it p r im a r iı y in te r m s o f a p e r s
d e s ir e s C O m m \ t m e n ť
'

a c c o r d in g to th e ir com m itm e n ts r a th e r th a n o r d e r in g a n d e n d o rs in g
,

t k in d s o f in te tio n s is e s c o n v ic tio ns
ï ls use d a s a b ro a d te rm c o v e r in g m an y d iffe re n n , p ro m ,

an d re la tio ns h ip s o f tr u s t a n d e x p e c ta tio n

币
0 7 5 In te g r ity A s S ta n d in g F o r S o m e th in g
T he selintegration a n d id e n tity v ie w s o f in te g rity se e it a s p r im a r ily a pe rs o n a ıv ir tu e
a qu a lity d e fin e d b y a p e rs o n s c a re o
'
f th e se lf C h e s h ir e C a rg u e s th a t in te g rity is
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n te g r ity A s M
0 7 6 ı o ra l P u rp o s e
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s e c a n b e d e s c r ib e d
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e x c e s s e s ID n th e o ne s id e w e ha v e c ha r a c te r tra its a n d w a ys o f b e h a v in g a n d th in k in g
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ga nce d o g m a tis m ,
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, , p re c io u s n e s s ,

sa n đim o n io u s n e s s ,
a n d r ig id ity T h e s e a re a ll tr a its th a t ca n d e fe a t in te g r ity in s o fa r a s

th e y u n de rm in e a n d s u p p re ss a tte m p ts b y a n in d iv id u a l to c r itic a lly a sse ss a n d b a la n ce

th e ir d e s ir e s ,
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s a n d o th e r fa c to rs

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;..:: 0 8 W O R K E T H IC S
0 8 1 W hat ı
s W o rk E th ic ?
D e lin ifio n T he w o rk e th ic is a cu ı
tu ra l n o rm th a t a dv o c a te s b e in g p e rs o n a lly
a c c o u n ta b le a n d re s po n s e fo
ib ı r th e w o rk th a t o n e do e s a n d is b a se d o n a b e lie f
th a t w o rk ha s in tr in s ic v a lu e

o 8
T ' ' " M ' ' " ń' " f w o rk e th ic ca n be s u m m a r iz e d
u s in lo w in g th re e
g th e fo ı e le m e n ts

1 In te rp e rs o n a l s k ills
2 In itia tiv e a n d Į ii Ĵ .

3 B e in g d e pe n d a b le

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0 9 1 W h a t ls S e rv ic e Le a >n in g ?
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1 7 In o th e r w o rd s ,
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s tru c tu r e d o p p o rtu n itie s th a t lin k th e ta s k to se lf re fle c tio n , Seı

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I0 4 C h a r a c te r is tic s O f S e r v ic e Le a r n in
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0 10 4 W h a t A re C iv ic V ir tu e s ? ,
.

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,

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fe llo w b e in g s a n d g iv e s re s p e c t to th e m
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m e a n s a co m m un ife
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v a lu e s o th e rs a n d g iv e s re s p e c t to th e m ,
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id e a s ta k e s h a p e s in a p e a c e fu l m in d g iv in g b ir th to g o o d re s u lts
n d iv id u a l p e a c e c a n ı e a d to
L iv in g p e a c e fu lly is n o t o n ly in d iv id u a l b u t c o lle c tiv e ı ,

c o lıe c tiv e p e a c e a n d v ic e v e r s a L iv in g in p e a c e c o ı ıe c tiv e ly is e s s e n tia l if s o m e th in g

m e a n in g fu l is to b e a c h ie v e d o u t o f m e e tin g s g a th e r in g s a n d o r g a n iz a tio n a ı a n d , ,

in s titu tio n a ıa c tiv itie s

W e u sua lly te n d to b e n o is y in m ee tin g s a n d co ı

ıe c tiv e a c tiv itie s A s a re s u lt n o th in g
w o r th w h ile is a c h ie v e d a t th e e n d o fsucH tin g s ltin g in w a s te o f tim
m ee re s u e ,
e n e rg y , a n d
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ry
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,
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a ıua b ıe pu b l ic an d pr i va t e pr op e r t ies ha v e b e c o m e ,

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d h e rin g to s tr i a g n d a
c t m o r a l v a lu
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a ttitu d e o f ,

re s o i ,
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pe a c ė fitlly in h u m a n life T h e b ib le te lls u

s a bo u t '
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0 13 2 M ・ın ı
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u m 《y ın d 量ı・0 P 며 昭 W C O N 自\目协 n ı w l* t 羽 扇 恼 叼 朝 ￠ io n 氮
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,

0 1& S H A R ı
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S h a rin g is one o fa no b le a cto fm a n kin d a n d a h ig h v ir tu e S h a rin g w ith o th e rs s h o u ld b e a

p a rt o f h u m a n n a tu re a n d ı
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fo rm o f m on e y fo o d bo o k, kn o w ı
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,
g b e g e ts s h a r in g B u t w e
sho u ld no t k e e p in m in d w h ile s h a rin g w ith o th e rs S h a r in
sh ı
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h e lp W e s ho u ld n o t ı
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k s e v e n fro m th o
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e tim e o r w o rk e ith e r b e c a s h a re
th e ir n e g li e n c u se of
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rs o m e p e o p le la c k s u c H m a n n e rs S u c h ,

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a re w ith o th e rs
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rto w a rd s h u m a n ity S u c h a s e rv ic e d e fin ite l r e , cuı tu r e a n d d u ty
y e a c h e s th e A l i
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g y G o d w h o re c
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in e x c e s s a n d so m e tim e s d o e s n o t m a ke u s e o f th e m It h a s c o m e dow n fr o m a ge s S o ït
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h e lp in g n a tu re O n th e p a s t o f th o se w ho s h a re w h a t is e x c e s s fo r o n e w o u ld b e le ss fo r

th e o th e r S h a ń n g is a ı ittle a c t o f k in d n ess w h ic h if fo llo w e d by a ı ıs p re

l w iı a d jo y a n d
,

h a p p in e s s in s o c ie ty

0 15 H O N E S T Ý
0 15 1 ı
n tr o d u c tio n

H o n e s ty m e a n s e x s s in tr u fe lin g s T be b le to b e e m o tio n a lly h o n e st w e

p re g yo u r e e o a

m u st firs t b e e m o tio n a lı T h is tio ıa w is r e la te d to o u r e m o tio n a l

y a w a re e m o na a re n e s s

in te llig e nce It is e u r e m o tio n a ıin te llig e n ce w h ic h g iv e s us th e a b ility to a c c u r a te ly id e n tify

,

o u r fe e in g s
ı
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ı b e tte r o ff
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If w e a r e m o re ho n e st w ith o u rs e lv e s w e w ill g e t to k n o w o u r
"
tru e s e lv e s
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o n a de e pe r

le v e l M is co u ld h e lp u s be co m e m o re se lf a c c e p tin g It co u ld a ı
so h e lp u s m a k e b e tte r

c h o ic e s a b o u t h o w to s p e n d o u t tim e a n d w h o to s p e n d it w ith
f w e a re h o
ı n e st w ith o th e rs ,
it m a y e n c o u ra g e th e m to b e m o re e m o tio na lı
y ho n e st
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0 17 4 ı
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3 6 1 In tro d u c tio n
a e o T e iin ic s u u u t i a u ı o u ııw
O n e o f th e tra d e m p o ra ry p ro fe s s io n s is c o
a rk s o f c o n te m
u id e lin e s
f io n a l s o c ie tie s T h e s e c o d e s o f c o n d u đ a r e g
a re p ro p a g a te d b y v a rio u s p ro e s s
lb r s p e c c g ffı ro u o f ro fe s s lo n a ı s to h e lp th e m p e r fo r m th e ir ro ı e s to k n o w h o w to c o n d u c t t
p p
he m s e l ve s ;a n d to k n o w how t o r es o l ve v a r iou s et hi ca ı i ss u e s . h ēs e co d es wy
c o l iı the
rig h ts , d u tı
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n th e fo llo w in g
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a e 2 W hatM e C o d e s O f E th ı
cs?
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y m e m b e s o f a p ro fe s s io n
r In o th e r w o rd s th e s e
c o d e s fu rn is h c o m m o n ,
a g re e d u po n s ta n d a r d s fo
7
,
r p ro fe s s io n a ıc o n duct
1 T he co de s of e
th ic s e x p re s s th e e th i
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co m p r e h e n ı
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F
o r de t ai led ce s e st ud y , r ef er Ap
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b e h a v io r i8 th e n o rm

31

a v a r ie ty f ro ı
es Th e y
s o c ie tie s p la y o

a e
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2
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5 Edu c a tio n a n d p ro m o üo n o fm u u a ıu n de r= ı
a n d in g
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g to a p o s itiv e p u b ı
o n trib u tin e s e io n

7 h e p ￠o ￠
u s g u o a n d s u p p r e s s in g đs s e n t w ilh in ı
P r o te c tin g a ıe s la ł e s e io n c a n d

8 P n o m o ıg b u e * ıe s s in *e r e s b ıh ro u g h restraint o f tra d e

. ıa ū o
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r f ie s s io n a ı
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,

th e u n lņ le

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de s o 南国 叫声 冈 斟酌咱姥 ぽ
/ T he y he ı n e ss de e ı
p in fa c ilita tin g m o ra «y fe a s lb b b u s ı n g ı» p ıo lia ıe lo n a ls

N o *e so m e o p u te d e n g in e e rln g s o c le tle a lh e l l» u e p u b * s h e d c o d e s o r ı* * » a
f fn e re

ı A 帽旧3南 a n S o c łeıy O fı *e c h a n lc a ı\ 自n (栽S ı 旧日

2 A m 心 除名 n S o c ie ty OfCM E 叫 阳朗 帽 (A S C E )
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3 6 4 C o de s A n d T h e E x p e r lm e n ta ıN a tu re
ı th e
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p e rs p e c tı
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c ı
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i e e r in g c o d e s e n a b e
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a ffe c te d
e n g in e e r s to e x p re s s th e ir v ie w s fr e e ly e s p e c ia y
ll a b o u t s a fe ty to th o s e , ,

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in e e r in g a s it e n s u re s
n t fu n c tio n B e ca use ,

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r f T h e g u id a n c e in s p ir a tio n a ı a n d e d u c a tiò n a l fu n c tid n s o f e n g in e e r in g c o d e s a re

, ,

l de rs ta n d in g a m o n g th o s e
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a ffe c te d b y th e m
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v io la tio n o f fr e e c o m p e titio n s ho u ld b e avo id e d a lto g e th e r

o n ly a s m a ll p a r t f e n g in e e r in g e th ic s
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to c r itic a ıe in a tio n T he
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co de s s ho u ld b e a ppı
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3 6 5 L im ita tio n s O fC o de s

(O b je c tio n s to c o de s )
T h e fo u r m a o r j lim ita tio ns o fco de s o f e th ic s a re a s fo llo w s

1 C o de s o f e th ic s a re b ro a d gu ı de ı in e s re s tr ic te d
,
to g e n e ra ı a n d v a g u e
w o rd in g s /p h ra s e s T h e c o d e s c a n n o t b e a p p lie d d ire c tı y to a ı
l s itu a tio n s A ls o it is
im p o s s ib le to p re d ic t a ı l a s p e c ts o f m
p ra l p ro b le m s th a t ca n a r is e in a co m p le x ,

d y n a m ic e n g in e e r in g p ra fe s s io n
a de s fte n ha v e in te r n a l flic ts h ic h
2 Ęn g in e e r in g co o co n ,
w m a y re s u lt in m o ra l
d ile m m a s T h a t is ,
s e v e ra l e n trie s in co de s o v e rı
a p w ith ea c h o th e r , so th e r e a r e
ln te ı
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rn a co no a m e r g th e se
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4 T h e p ro life ra tio n o f c o d e s o f e th ic s fo r d iffe re n t b ra n c h e s o f e n g in e e r in
g g iv e s a
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g re a te s t ı p ro b ı in e r in d a ys Be th e in im ı
m o ra e m s e n g in e g n ow a ca use m a

co m pı ıa n c e e n c o u ra g e s th e c o m p a n ı
e s a pho ı e s in
n d in d iv id u a ls to s e a rc h fo r lo o

th e la w s o th a t th e y c a n v io la te th e s p ir it of ı ı
a w s fo r a c h ie v in g th e ir g o a s Fo r
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,

th e s e k in d s o f n e w la w s
A no tu a tio n fo r fru s tra tio
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n w ith th e la w s is th e a ,

m o st ı ,
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n flu e n tia ı p o w e r fu l p e rs o n s ls o c ie tie s in c ı i« c ia n s , ,

c o r p o ra tio n s e tc c a n v io ı
,
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th ın k th a t a d h e re n c e to la w s m a y ı e a d to le n g th y a n d c o s tı y c o u r t p r o c e e d in g s

R o ı
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F ro m th e p e rs p e c tiv e o f e n g in e e r in g a s s o c ia l e x p e r im e n ta tio n ,
th e la w s ca n p la y th e ,

fo ı
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p r o fe s s io n a l c o n duct
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c o r p o r a tı
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su p p o rt a n d d e fe n s e to th o s e w h o w is h to in v o lv e in e th ic a l a đ iv itie s

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y fo lı o w in g th e la w s a n d
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i iıity o f e n g in e e rs is
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i h d
l g o b e y o n d th a t, e s p e
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de v e ıo p m e n t a c ü v iü e s

E W Q U E S T IO N S
R EVı
En gın e e r in g a s E x \ im e n ta tio n
D o y o u a g re e w ith th e v ie w o f e n g in e e rin g a s e x p e rim e n ta tio n
'
'
? J u s tify y o u r v ie w
1
2 '
E n g in e e rin g a s e x pe ńm tio n p ı
e n ta e in th e d e s ig n p r o c e s s
a y s a v ita l r o ı D is c u s s '

3 W h a t a re th e a s p e c ts o f e n g in e e ń n g th a t m a k e it a p p ro p r ia te to v ie w e n g in e e rin g

p rq e c *s a s e x p e ń m e n ķ ? [A U , N o v 2 0 0 4 ]
4 W h a t a re th e s im ila ritie s b e tw e e n e n g in e e r in g ex p e rim e n ts a n d s ta n d a rd
e x p e ń m e n ts ? [A U A p r 2 0 0 5 1
5 '
T h e fin a ıo u tc o m e s o f e n g in e e rin
g p ro je c ts , lik e th o s e o f e x p e r im e n ts , a re
g e n e ra lı y u n c e rta in D is c u s s
'

6 Iılu s tra te w h y it is n o t sufficient fo r

e n g in e e rs to re ı o n h a n d b
y o o ks a ıo n e ?
7 W h a t d o y o u u n d e rs ta n d b
y ( ) e x p e rim e n ta l c o n tr o l a n d (II in fo rm
i
th e c o n te x t o f e n in e e ri
, ) e d c o n s e n t, in
g n g a s e x p e rim e n ta ü o n ?
8 W h a t a re th e e le m e n t
s o f in To rm e d c
o n s e n t? W h a t a r
e th e c o n d itio n s th a t a re
e s s e n tia l fo r a v a lid i f
n o rm e d c ￠ »n s e n ť ?
g Expı a in w ith th e h e ı f
p o e x a m p le s o f th a t e n i
e a rı le r d e s ig n a n d o g n e e rs w o u ld ı
e a m n o t o n l fr o m th e F
p e ra ü n g re s u R s b u t a l y
so ū, om th o s e o f o th e
g in e e rs
r e n
10 "
E n g in e e rin
g p r o te c ts a r e e x p e rim e n t lĄ u A p r 2 o 0 司
.

p ro d u c e s th a t a r e no t n e c e s s a ńl
v e ry m u c h kn o w ı
\ '
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E◆n g i男n
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15 W h a t th e re q u ire m e n ts fo r th o e n g in e e r s to a c t a s re s p o n s ı
a re bı ņ n ・n ts ?
' "

16 '
M o ra l a g e n ts s h o u ld d e v e l v e e n g in e e r in g E x pk n '"

o p a n a ttitu d e o f d e fe n s ı
'

17 E x p la in th e a s e c ts o f m o r a ıa u to n o m ty v le w ln g o n g ł
n e o r in g
y a n d ・c c o u n la b llł
' ' '
p ,

a s s o c ia l e x e r im e n t ti
p a o n

T h e C h a lle n g e r s e S tu d y
18 W ha t a re th e m o ra ıa n d e th ic a l ı te a m fr o m th e s w e e s h u ttı
e
e sso ns w e ce n
c h a lı
r tra g e d y ?
e nge
19 E x p ı
a in h o w th e ıe n g e r p ro je c t b e h ıv e d a s
p rin c lp a ıa c to rs o f th e s p a c e s h u ttle c h ・ı
re s p o n s ib le e x e r im e n te th ln th e fra m e w o rk o f th e e n g ı n e e rln g
p rs w ı

C o de s o f E th ł
c s
20 W ha t a re c o de s o f e th ic s ?
21 W ha t a re th e d lĦe re n t ro le s a n d fu n c tı cs?
o n s o f c o d e s o f e th ı
22 W hı
c h fu n c tio n s o f th e co de s o f e th ic s a re th e m o s t v a lu a bı n th e p e
e ı rs p e c ūv e o f
,

e n g in e e r in g a s social e x p e r im e n ta tio n ?
23 W ha t a re th e lim ita tio n s /o b le c tio n s o f c o d e s o cs?
f e th ı
24 ı
n w ha tw a ys ,
th e e n g in e e r in g s o c le «e s c a n p ro m o te e cs?
th ı

A B a ı
a n c e d O u tı
o o k O n Law
25 W ha t do ba ı
a n c e d o u tıo o k e m p h a s is ı
es a n go v e m ln g en g ln e e rı
ng p ra c tic e ?
26 W ha t ı d to b e a re g u ı
s sa ı a te d society?
27 W ha t a In d u s tr la ıs ta n d a r ds ? U s t th e ı
re r p u 晖x ı s e s g lv ln g s o m e s u ıta b le e x * m p ı
e«
28 H o w d o th e fu n đ io n s o f s ta n d a rd s re g u ı a tio n s , a n d la w s d ı
,
ffe r o m o n e a n o th e r ın
th e ir e fre c ts o n e n g ı n e e rın g p ro d u c ts a n d p ra c llc e ?

29 W ha t a re th e p ro b ı
em s a s s o c ia te d ith th e ı
w aw s ı n e n g ln e e rln g ?

30 E n u m e r a te th e p ro p e r ro le o f la w ln e n g ln e e r ı
n g?

31 T he m o ra l re s po n s Ry o f e n g ı
lb lı n e e rs s h o u d g o b e y o n d m e re ł
ı y To ı
lo w in g
ı
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4 1 IN T R O D U C T ı
O N
i t e n s u r e th e
u n a rg u a b ly ,
im p o r ta n t d u ty o f a n e n g in e e r s o
th e firs t a n d th e m o st
t c o u ld b e s e e n fr o m a lıo
f th e
s a fe ty o f th e p e o p ı e w h o u s e th e p ro d u c t d e s ig n e d b y h im
ı
t
th a t s a fe ty is o f p a r a m o u n
'

c o d e s o f e th ic s o f th e p ro fe s s io n a l e n g in e e r in g s o c ie t e s
i
c ie ty to p r o d u c e
im p o r ta n c e to th e e n g in e e r T h e e n g in e e r s h a v e a r e s p o n s ib ility to s o
p ro d u c ts th a t a r e s a fe
v e s r is k ı
E n g in e e r in g n e c e s s a r ily in v o ı t is im p o s s ı b le to d e s ig n a n y p m c fu c ts to b e
o s tly v e r y c lo s e
com p le te ly r is k fr e e T h e re la tio n s h ip o f ris k to s a fe ty is m
n th is c h a p te r w e s h a ll e x p ı
ı o r e th e fo ı
,
ıo w in g q u e s tio n s

h o ld to th
th e s a fe ty , h e a ı
ł W h a t k in d o f re s po ns ib ility s ho u ld an en g in e e r e n s u re ,

a n d w e lfa re o f th e p u b ıic ?
1 H o w ca n th e p ro d u c ts b e d e s ig n e d b y th e e n g in e e rs to m in im iz e th e r is k to th e

r
ł H ow M u c h r is k is a p p ro p r ia te in a n e n g in e e rin g de s ig n ?

X a nd
/ u '"
' o w
Į
: ; S a fe ty m e a n s
Ī
th e s ta e of b e in g s a fe S a fe m e a n s p r o te đe d ū o m da n ge r a n d
ha rm

s a fe t)f is y s d iffic u lt to d e s c r ib e c o m p le te ly W h a t m a y b e s a fe fo r
a ı
'
/ T h e te rm w a

o n e p e rs o n m a y n o t b e s a fe fo r a n o th e r p e r s o n It is b e c a u s e d iffe re n t p e rs o n s
h a v e d iffe re n t p e rc e p tio n s a b o u t w h a t is s a fe Fo r e xa m pı e a s h a v in g ra z o r in th e ,

ha n ds o fa c d is
h iı n e v e r s a Te a s it c a n b e in th e h a n d s o fa n a du ı
t
q f The A m e r ic a n H e rita g e D ic tio n a ry d e fin e s s a fe ty a s * e e do m * o m da m a ge .
In ju ry ,

o r ris k

t h e co de s o fi c s o fs o m e ikn p o rta n t
proGessw s o c ie tie s re fe r A p p e n d ix ı
l

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ık ı: A d u c t w o 8 e
m ıtio n o f r ı p ro
b) O v o r + ıtı ,

be c a u s e o fo v e r s a fe ty c o n c e rn o f a p e rs o n
c o n e ld e re d u n s a fe
n kı n g w a te r w ill k ı
ıl a lo t o f p e o p le
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'
s d e fln ltio n th e w a te r
b e c a m e u n s a fe th e
In th la c a b e , a c c o rd in g to L o w re n c e ,

d th l k r e u n a c c e p ta b le fo r u s
B u t o u r c o m m o n c o n c e pt o f t
m om e n t w e Ju d g e e r e a a
th e
s a fe r Thı aga ı n c o n tra ó ts
n a te d d rı n kı r g w a te r ls s
s a fe ty s a y s c h lo r ı
ı

L o w re n c e 吕 d e fı n ltı
'
on
a b o u t th e r is k s , th e
ık s : F o r th e p e re o n w h o d o e s n o Ju g e
t d
c ) N o e ıtlm a tio n o f r ı
fe
p ro d u c t m a y b e e ith e r s a fe o r u n s a
Exa m pı n g a L P G g a s o lin e fu e ıd r ı
e : P u rc h a s ı ve n ca r w ith o u t ju d g in g a n y th in g
a b o u t lts s a fe ty
So ı
n o rd e r to o v e rc o m e th e a b o v e e a ld c o n tra d ic tio n s ,
Lo w re n c e p ro p o se d1 a
m o dı
fı o n o f de
e d v e re ı tio n fo
fln ı r s a fe ty

4 2 4 A M odıo d Lo w
fı re n c e n ı
D o fı o n O f S a fe ty
tı
/
1 D e lln lflo n A th ı e s a fe
ng ı (to a c e rta in d e g re e ) w ith p e c t to a g iv e n p e
re s rs o n o r
g ro u p ata gı v e n tim e ı fı te rle k s w e re fu ı
, ly k n o w n , f th o s e r is k s w o u ld b e
ı ju d g e d
a c c e p ta b ıe (to th a t c e rta in d e g re e ) ı n ı lg h t o f e e ttle d v a ıu e p rin c ip le s
"
,

rf
!n th e m o d ı fıe d L o w re n c e d e fln ı tio n th e te rm \ h ı n g s re p r e s e n t n o t o n l
'

y p r o d u c ts ,
b u t a ls o s e rv ic e s
p r o c e s s e s e tc T h e re fo re th e d e fı
, , n ltio n c a n b e e x te n d e d to
m edı cı n e , fin a n c e ın te rn a llo n a ı
, fl
a a lrs e tc ,

A l h ip
"
tn h a r bo is
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,
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R e sp o ns ib itiņ J F o r Stąjty

4 2 S C o n c e p t O f R ・ı a tıv ・ B a f・ty
.

a r is o n s W e o fte n u se
1 S a fe ty l8 e x p re s s e d fr e q u e n tly In te r m s o f d e g re e a n d c o m p
th e
a tlv e s a fe ty e x p re sse s
w o rd s e u c h a s fa ı r ly e a fe o r re la tı
'
v e ly s a fe
' T h e re ı '
'

s a fe t o f a th in ı a rıe o n w ith s a fe ty o f e ım ıa r th ı
ı n gs
y
n com g p
r tr a v e ıis s a fe r
rf Ex ım pı ・: s ta tin g th a t a ı
rp ı 8 B a fe
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n g In a b ı ke

. .
N E E R S A N D S A F ETY
4 3 ENG ı
,
a T o E n ıu
t・r ı
4 3 1 C rı S a fe D e * ıgn re
n in e e r in g
ı ı ıl d b e a n in te g ra ıp a r t o f a n y e g
t 8 u n v e r s a y a c c e p te d th a t s a fe ty s h o u ı
ı
ld b e m e t
d e a lg n In o rd e r to e n s u re th e s a fe d e s ig n th e fo llo w in g c r ite ria s h o u
ı
,

A de sı f t a n d o th e r
d c o m p ly w ith th e le g a l s ta n d a rd s fo r p ro d u c t s a e y
1 gn sho u ı
a pp ı
ıca bıe la w s
d a rd f '
p te d e n g in e e r in g
. A n a c c e p ta b ı
e d e s ig n s ho u ld m ee t th e s ta n o a cce

p ra đlc e
'

3 a lly s a fe r s h o u ld b e e x p lo r e d
A lte m a tlv e d e s ig n s th a t a re p o te n tı
e m ls u s e s o f th e p ro d u c t b y th e c o
n s u m e r
4 W h ile d e s ıg n ln g a n y p ro d u c t a ll p o s e lb ı ,

s h o u ld b e ld e n tı f[e d a n d th e id e n tı fle d p ro b le m s s h o u ld b e a v o id e d b y th e E
e ngı n e e rs

& Fın a lly , th e d e s ig n e d p ro d u c t s h o u ld b e te s te d u s in g p ro to ty p e s to dJe te r m in e

(ı
) w h e th e r th e p ro d u c t m e e ts th e s p e c ı Ħc a tı
on s ,
a n ) w h e th e r th e p ro d u c t is
d (iı
s a fe to use

43 2 D , gn ı
e ・ı n g Fo r S a fe ty
(In c o n g s a fe
r p o r a tı n to th e
ty ı e n gı
ne e rı
n g de s ig n p r o ce s s )
Aı
a n D W iı
co x ha s s u m m a r iz e d th e p ro c e s s o f in c o rp o r a tin g s a fe ty in to th e
n g d e s ig n a s fo ı
g in e e r ı
e n lo w s
S te p 1 D e fin e th e p ro b le m It In c lu d e s th e is s u e s o f s a fe ty in th e p r o d u c t d e fin itio n a n d

s pe c ıflc a tio n
S te p 2 G e n e r a te m u ltip le a ı
te r n a te d e s ig n s o lu tio n s
S te p 3 A ly z e e a c h d e s ig n s o
na lu tio n It e v a ı u a te s th e p r o s an d co ns o f ë a c tr so ı
u tio n
S te p 4 T e s t th e s o lu tio n s
S te p $ S e le c t th e b e s t s o lu tio n
S tqp e Im p le m e n t th e c h o s e n s o ı
u tı
o n

i$
D u rł
n g s te p s 1 to 6 th e s a fe ty a n d r is k c rite ria s h o u ld b e g ı
ve
, n p a ra m o u n t im p o r ta nc e
th a n o th e r is s u e s

图区 国 th e c o n c e p t o f f a c to r o f e a fe ty , y o u h a v e u s e d in th e
'

g s ig n o fm ac h in e lb u īı
d in g s ıđu r e

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4 4 jrjw o f s u lle ń n g h a rm
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ris k sl s y
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P r o je c tlp ro d u c u a c tıv lty p ro m is e s s u ffı cı e n t b e n e fit o r g a ı

n
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4 11 2 C o n c e p tť i a ıD iffic u ı tle s In R is k B e n e ı lt A n a [y s ı b
R is k b e n e ħ a n a ı y s is is a v e r y d if ic u lt p r o c ġ s s , b e c a u s e Đ f th e fo llo w in g r e a s o n s
rf In r is ik b e n e fit a n a ly s is b o th r is k a n d b e n e fit
, s a re v e ry d ı fĦ c u lt to q u a n tify
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i ,

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w h o ta k ė s th e r is ks a n d w h o e n jo y s th e b e n e fits ?
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n so ć iiıty is ed
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,
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so m eo n e e ı
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id e r th e w o rs t c a s e rs o n s e x p o s e d to m a x im u m
ris k s w h ilė th e y a b ta in in g onı y m in im u m
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g
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4 14 A C C O U N T ı N G pU B Lı C LY FO R B E N E Fı T S A N D R IS K S
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ty fo r rló k h a s b e e n a Ħe c te d b y th e fo llo w in g p ro b e m
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g ro u '

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c a u tı o

4 1S B E C O M ı NO A R ES pO NSı B LE EN G ı N E E R R E G A R D IN G R ıSK
(R o le O f E n g ı
n e e r s T o S a fe g u a r d T h e p u b ı
ıc From R ı s k)

r f T he e n g in e p ro v ıd e b a c k g ro u n d m a te r la ıto p ro v e th e fa u lty p o s itio n s

e rs c a n

t f d a c tiv e ly p a rtïc lp a te in th e d e b a te s re la te d to s a fe ty a n d r is k
E n g in e e rs s h o u ı
Q { E n g in e e rs s h o u ld a lw a y s ı n s is t Q n m e a n in g fu ı n u m b ę r s a n d fig u r e s w he n

a s s e s ó in g s a fe ty a n d r is k
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nee rs s ho u ı
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m e a s u r in g r is k s a n d b e n e fits ln a b s o lu te te rm s
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hu m a n a n d e th ic a l v a lu e s
q f E n g in e e rs s h o u ld b e a w a re a t th e le g a l lla b ilitle s re g a r d in g ris k

4 1 6 R E D U C IN G R IS K
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poss ı b le w a y s to re d u c e th e ris k u n d e r th e g iv e n fin a n c ia l a n d tim e c o n s tr a in ts
q R is k M a n a g e m e lłt D e lin e d R is k m a n a g e m e n t m a y b e d e fin e d a s lh e e ra d ic a tio n
m lz a tio n
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or m w a n o rg a n iz a tio n is
expo se d
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7 Eco no m ic a n d s o c ia n s
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4 17 F A U L T Y A S S U M P T ı O N S A N D T H E IR R E A L ı T IE S A B O U T S A F E T Y
T h e r e a r e m a n y m is c o n c e p tio n s a b o u t s a fe t S
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td o w n o f th e r e a c to r c o re It w a s a c o m b in a tio n o f u m a n e r r o r in ffic ie n t
th e p a r tia l m e ı ,
su

tr a in in g b a d o p e r a tin g p r o c e d u re s a n d u n fo re s e e n e q u ip m e n t fa iıu re th a t c u ı
m in a te d in a

n u c le a r a c c id e n t th a d h a v e e a s ily b e e n p re v e n te d
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4 1 9 C A S E S 了U D Y O F T H E C H E R N O B Y L D ı
SA ST E R
A b s t ra c ľ
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conse qu e n ce o fC o ld w a r is o a l tio n a n d th e re s u ltin g la c k o f a y s a fe ty c u ı

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5 5 5 A c c e p tı
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5 5 6 P a ra m o u n t O b lig a tio n s

ł T he co de s o f e th ic s o f ı
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th a n th e o b lig a tio n s ò f lo y a lty a n d fa ith fu ıs e rv ic e to e m p ı

o ye rs

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in s titu tio n a l a u th o rity B u t th s d o e s n o t m e a n th a t th e y h a v e to o b e y o b ı

i ig a tio n s
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5 6 C O L L E C T IV E B A R G A ı
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5 6 1 W h a t ls Mqınt B y C o ıle c tiv e B a rg a ı
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,

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ı i n
e Ju d g in g a b o u t a n y u n o
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5 6 4 A rg u m e n ts O v e r U n ı
o n s

T he re a re tw o a r g u m e n ts in fa vo r o fand a n s t u n io
ga ı n s

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n Fa v o r o fU n ı
o n s

f U n io n s e in a c h ie v in g h ig h
ita ıro ı sa ı
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e m p lo y e e s
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a c ts

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aı g r ie m o e p ro ce du re fo r [
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c a ıp o ı o v e m e n ts th a t e x p lo it
th e e m p lo y e e s

卫 A rg u m e n ts A g a ı n st U n ı
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7 U n io n s s h a tte r th e e c o n o m y o f a c o u n try b y p la c in g d is to r tin g in fı

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5 8 C O N F ID E N T IA L ı
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5 8 1 W hat ı o n fid e n tia ı
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in fo rm a tio n o f th e e m p lo y e r fc lie n t s e c re t o r c o n fid e n tia l

V ith la w y e r s a n d m e d ic a ı p h y s ic ia n
Ju st a s w s ,
e n g in e e rs a ı s o re q u ire th e
c o n fid e n tia lty p r in c ip le in th e ir p r o fe s s io n
i For e x a m pı e la w y e rs , d ö c to r s
, a n d
,

c o u n s e lo rs ke e p in fo rm a tio n o f th e ir c lie n ts lp a tie n ts c o n fid e n tı a l łn th e s a m e w a y ,

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e n e rs ve an o n e p rm a n o f th e ir E
e m pı o y e r fc lie n t c o n ïid e n tia l
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tı a n t B y T h e T e rm '
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n rm a tio n
'
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r
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13 T e rm s R e ı
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r in fo rm a tio n th a t is a v a ila b ı T h ıt la ,

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rm o n u se d a s a s yn o n y m fo r co n fid e n tia l in fo rm a tio n

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p ro te c te d fro m u se by o th e rs
7 T h is te is fte n d d h ip '
y m fo p ro p e r ty
' ' '
1 rm o u se as a s yn o n r an o w n e rs

T ra de S e c re ts
/ A tra d e ś e t be f in fo tio n th a t h a s n o t b e c o m e p u b lic a n d
c re ca n a n y ty p e o rm a

w h ic h a n e m p lo y e r ha s ta k e n p s to k e e p s e c r e t
s te

/ T he se tra d e s e c r e ts m a y b e a b o u t d e s ig n s te c h n ic a l p ro c e s s e s , p la n t fa c llltle s ,
,

qu a lity c o n tro ıs y s te m s ,
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lim ite d ı n a g a in s t e m p lo y e e o r c o n tra c to r

a bu se n th e
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tra d e s e c re ts ,
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4 P a te n ts
P a te n ts le g a lly p r o te c t s pe c ific p ro d u c ts fro m b e in g m a n u fa c tu re d a n d so ld b y
co m p e tito rs w ith o u t th e p e rm is s io n o f th ė p a e n t h o ld e
t r

1 7 p a te n ts Vs T ra d e S e c re ts A p a te n t ho ı
de r ha s le g a lıy p ro te c te d m o n o p o ly
p o w e r Btit in c a s e o f tra d e s e c r e ts th e le g a l p ro te c tio n is lim ite d to k e e p in
,
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ti lity
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T h e r e is n u c
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/ D e s ig n o r fo r m u ı
a s fo r p ro d u c ts
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O rg a n iz a tio n o f p ı a n t fa c ilitie s

/ Q uaı ity c o n tr o l p ro c e d u r e s

/ B in fo tio h th e n u m be r o f e m p lo y e e s w o r k ir ıg u ıı vı = . . . ' "

u s in e s s rm a n su c a s

liq m a rk e tin g s tra te g ie p ro d u c tio n c o s ts a n d p r o d u c tio n y ie ld s

p p lie s
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su rs ,
,

5 名石 J u s tifıc a tio n l w ıd L im its O f C o n fid e n tia ı

ity

hat lba s is do th e c o fid e tia ı

ity o ig a tio
bı n re s t? )
(U p o n w m o ra e s n n

T he o b lig a tio n o f c o n fid e n tia lity c a n b e ju s tifie d a t tw o le v e ls

1 r s t Ie
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'

re s p e c t fo p r o m is e s a n d
r re g a r d fo r p u b lic w e ıb e in g
ı
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fid e n tia lity b y rig h t e th ic is ts d u ty th ic is ts d ita r ia

tiı
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co n ,
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ig a tı
o n

4 n re fe
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ı rm in a tio n o f in d iv id u a ls
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in fo rm a tio n
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, a ıa n d co m pa n ie s c a n n o t m a in ta in th e ir
p riv a c y a n d p r o te c t th e ir seıinterest

(II) R e s p e đ fo r P ro m ı
s e s
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p r o m is e s (in th e fo rm o f ig n in g c o n tra c ts
ı
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v U is th e d u ty o f th e e m lo e e t
p y o re s p e c t th e p ro m is e s m a d e to th e e m p lo y e r

厂
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I rs a ity to p e r fo r m
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de s th a t a d d re s s
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f th e N S P E c o de s a ys
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l d tie s by co n ic tin g
fı
th e ir p r o fe s s io n a u
h a ll n o t be in flu e n c e d in
r f E n g in e e rs s

u i ng f re e
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a c c e p t f ina n c i aı o r o t h r
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w ith w o r k fo r w h ic h th e E n g in e e r is r e s p
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a Fu n d* m e n c s o fA B E T s a ys
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"

c o n n e c tio n

8 e S Co n c ts O f ı
flı n te re s tA n d A cce p tin g G ifts /B r ib e s
r f M o s tly g in e e r s fin d th e
e n m s e lv e s in a c tu a l p o te ,
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In te r e s t a re th o s e in v o lv in g a cce p tin g g ifts
17 W h a t ïs a b rı
be?
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c o m p e titiv e
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p ,
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ł W h a tı
s m e a n t b y th e te rm k lc k b a
ı
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t mc t or ı t
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'
k ic k b a c k s '

ł W he n ı
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\

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= G ı
fts a re n o t b rı
be s a s ı l r m o u n tı B u t
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b r ib e s a
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a m o u n ts

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y pı
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a a y a le g ltlm a te r o le In th e n o rm a
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'
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ı
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ı

g ra ve o r m e re ly e m ba r ra e s ı
ng conse q u e n c e s fo r yo u r c o m p a n y If m a de
p u b lic , th e th e g ı d e re d a b r ı
nsı be "
n ft s h o u ld b e c o

5 9 6 W h a t Is M o o n ı
ıg h tin g ? D o e s It C re a te C o n fı
ıc ts O f ı
n te re ıt?
ł The f w o rk s fo
te rm ig h tin g
ı is he p lo y e
'
m o o n
'
u se d w n a n e m e o a co m pa n y r

a n o th e r c o m pa n y d u r in g h is s p a re tı
m e

1 7 M o o n lig h tin g c r e a te s co n fı
lc ts o f in te re s t o n ı ń
y ı special c irc u m s ta n c e s ,
su c h a e I
w o r k in g fo r c o m p e tito rs ,
su p p lı
e rs , o r c u s to m e r s

N o te B o o tı
eg gı
n g is m a k in g tra n s p o rtin g , or se llin g s o m e th ĺ n g llle g a ı o r a g a in s t re g u ire d
au th o riz a tio n ł
n e n g in e e rin g c o n te x ts it is c o m m o n ly u n d e rs to o d a s w o r k in g in u n a tłth o riz e d
p ￠o je c ts T h e p ro je c ts m a y b e fo r p e rs o na l p ro fit, fo r th e s a k e o f c ı
ıe n ts /c u s to m e rs o r fo ,
r th e s a k e o f
c o tp o ï a Bo ns

5 9 7 Dı
ffe re n t W a ys T o A v o d C
ı o n fı
ıc ts O f In te re s t
ı
t is u n de rs to o d th a t a lıc o n flic ts o f in te re s ts w h e th e r a c tu a l p o te n tia l
, , ,
or a p p a re n t ,

s ho u d be
ı av o id e d in a ı
i po ss ib le w a ys So m e o f th e e ffe c tiv e w a ys to avo id c o n Ħic ts o f
in te re s ta re a s fo llo w s

q f lo w th e g u id a
T o fo ı n ce o fco p a n y p o lic y
m

r f n th e
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c o w o rk e r o r m a n a ge r
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ı a bse n ce o f a bo ve tw o o p tio n s , it ı s b e tte r to e x a m in e o n e 8 '
o w n m o ūv e s
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7 W he n is th e w h is tle b io w in g m o ra lly p e rm is s ib ı
e a n d o b lig a to r y ? A ls o d is c u ss ho w
to s o lv e th e w h is tle b lo w in g p ro b le m w ith in a co m pa n y
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8 W h a t is a n in te lı
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9 D is cu ss in d e ta iıth e ,
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a r ig h ts
,

10 Is it n e c e s s a ry to p ro te c t in te lle c tu a l p ro p e r tie s ? W h y ?
11 D is c u ss b r ie n y a bo u lo w in g
t th e fo ı

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g e n v iro n m e n t

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s M e a n t B y E n v iro
n m e n ta ıE th ic s T
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7 8 EN G ı N E E R S A N D T H E E IW ı RO NM ENT
ıt is e v id e n t th a t e n g in e e r s a re u s u a ı ı c r e a to rs f te c h n o lo g y th a t c o n trib u te s to
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so a s a ge n ts o f c h a n ge a n d
e x p e rim e n te rs ,
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7 8 1 T yp e s O f Concern Fo r E n v ir o n m e n t
The r e a re tw o ty p e s o f c o n c e r n fo r th e e n v iro n m e n t T h e y a re

1 H e a lth r e la te d c o n c e r n E n g in e e rs ca n b e c o n c e r n e d fo r th e e n v ir o n m e n t
lu tio n p o s e s a d ir e c t a n d c le a r th r e a t to h u m a
w h e n e n v ir o n m ą n ta ıp o ı n he a lth

h i s is ca \\e
d as a he a l th- e l at ed co n c e r n f or the en v i ron m e n t .

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so be c o n c e rn e d fo r th e

e n v ir o n m e n t e v e n w h e n hu m a n w ea ı
th is n o t d ir e c tly a ffe c te d T h is c o n c e r n is

h e a lth re ı
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F o r E n v iro n m e n t
g in e e r s C O n c e r n
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r w h e n ta k in g u p a n e w a s s ig n m e n tlio b e v e r y e n g in e e r s
W h iıe c h o o s in g a c a r e e r o ,

i d ih h
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m m e
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d e c is io n s c o n s ıs te n t w ith th e s a fe ty h e a ı th a n d w e lfa re o f th e p u b ı
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,

d is c lo se p ro m y fa c to r s th a t m ig h t e n d a n g e r th e p u b ı
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m e r ic a n e ty o f M e c h ın ï c ・ı E n g in ・・r ı (A 5 H Q

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7 10 ı PTERN A Lı zı N G C O S T S O F E ųV ı
ı R O NM E N TA L D EG RA D A T© N
A s w e k n o w th e c o s t o f a n te rıa ls
ly in c lu d e s d ir e c t ı
y p ro d u c t u s u a ı
, aþ o r c o s t d ire c t m a ,

c o s t d ir e c t e x p e n s e s fa c to F y e x p e n s e s a n d s e llin g a nd
,
a d m in is tr a tiv e
, e x p e n s ęs
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d d u e to n u m e ro u s in d ir e c t fa c to rs
. s n c u rT e
th e e fFe c ts o f p o u u tio n l c «»s ts n o t
th e d e p le tio fe d m a te ria ls a n d s o c ia a re
, n o n e qg y a n ra w ,

h o u ld
c o n s id e r e d B u t in o rd e r to d e te rm in e th e '
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co st o f th e p ro d u c t, a ll th o s e c o s ts s

be i a l i z i e d ie ,
a d d e d to th e p r ic e
A lo n g w idh th e eco n o m is ts th e ,
s c ie n tis ts ,
thıe la w y e rs ,
d th e p o litic ia n s e n g in e e rs
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to p ı n g a n d re ı e a s in g
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a n s w e rs to p r o te c t th e e n v ir o n m e n t w u t a n y a d d itio n o f re a lc o s t

7 11 T E C H N O LO G Y A SS E S S ı
wENT
Te chn d ie th e s o c la ï a d ro n m e n ta
e n vı l
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u de n ucı
e a r w a r, h e a lth c a re ,

ca s hı e s s b a d in g v ia b a a n d p o lld io n ,

1 7 In (h e ų le w o f th e e c o n o m ie łR o b e rt T h e o b a ı d E n g jn e e r s s o m e tim e s te n d to fin d .

e w t o n g q u g s d o n * H e a ls o e m p h a s ı z e d th a t th e u n iv e rs ı ty
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c u rr ic u lu m s h o u ld b e
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8 6 M O R A L L E A D E R S H IP
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aı th e a s p e c ts o f
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1 1 SY N O P S ı
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2 10 T H E N U C L E A R R E A C
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2 11 W A T E R S Y S T E M S
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2 12 S T E A M G E N E R A T O R S
H e a te d w a te r fro m th e re a c to r g o e s to th e S t
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lfro m th e tw o se pa ra te s y s te m s m ix w ith e a c h o th e r

2 13 S T E A M T U R B ı
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T he s te a m is th e n se n t to th e S te a m T u rb in e s w h e r e it ru n ś th e e le q tr iç iiy P r ó d q c in ģ
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2 14 A U X IL ı
A R IE S
t th e re a c to r c o o is k e p t a t th e c o rr e c t p r e s s u re
là n t w a te r
T h e p re s s u r iz e r e n s u re s th a
a b o v e s a fe le v e ı s th e P ilo t O p e r a te d
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h re ıie v in g e x c e s s p re s s u re b y r e le a s in g
IR e lie f V a ı
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fla w e d re a c to r d e s ig n th a t w a
ı T he c he b y l a c c id e n t In 1 9 8 6 w a e th e re s u lt o f a
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A n a u th o r ita tı v e U N re p o rt In 2 0 0 0 c o n c lu d e d th a t th e re is n o s c ie n tific e v id e n c e o fa n
y
s ig n ific a n t r a d ia tio n re l
th e ffe c ts to m o s t p e o p le e x p o s e d
a te d h e a ı

T h e A p r il 1 9 8 6 d is a s te r t th
a e C h e rn o b y l n u c le a r p o w e r p la n t in th e U k ra in e w a s the
P ro d u c t o f a fla w e d S o v ie t re a c to r d e s i n c o u le d w ith s e rio u s m is ta k e s m a d b
g p e y th e p la n t
o p e ra to rs in th e c o n t
e x t o f a s y s te m w e re tra in in g w a s m in im a l It w a s a d ir
h e ct
c o n s e q u e n c e o f C o ld W
a r is o la tio n a n d th e re s u ltin l k f f t l
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re a c to rs a t
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9 9 5 th t th e tw o o p e ra tin g
w h e n it w a s a n n o u n c e d ni 1 a
d ing w as s g
i n e d b y U k ra in e a n d G 7 n a tio n s
c o s e d b y 2 o o o a m e m o ra n u
l d m o f u n d e rs ta n
d A lte r n a tiv e g e n e ra tin g
y d e la y e
ic u o u s ı
,

to p r o g r e s s th is b u t its im p le m e n ta tio n w a s c o n s p
l c o s t a n d s u pp ı
h a s o n g o in g fu e
,

w h ic h y
c a p a c ity w a s n e e ded e ith e r g a s fire d ,

R it 4 i U k i
ln its k i u n it 2 a n d
,
o v n o u n n r a ne
im p ı ic a tio n s o r n u c ıe a r b y c o m p le tin g K h m e
, ,

d a n d bo th re a c to rs c a m e on
c o n s tru c tio n o f th e s e w a s h a lte d in 1 9 8 9 b u t th e n re s u m e ,

l ra n ts a s e x p e c te d o n the
lin e la te in 2 0 0 4 fin a n c e d b y U k ra in e ra th e r th a n n te rn a tio n a g
,

b a s is o f Chernobyl s c lo s u re '

3 7 W H AT H A S B E EN G A ı N ED FR O M TH E C H ER N O B Y L D ı SA ST ER ?
L e a v in g a s id e th e v e rd ic t o f h is to ry o n its ro ı e in m e ltin g th e S o v ie t iro n c w ta in , s o m e

te d fro m th e C h e rn o b y ıa c c id e n t T h e m a in o n e s
v e ry ta n g ib le p r a c tic a l b e n e fits h a v e re s u ı

c o n c e rn re a c to r s a fe ty ,
n o ta b ly in e a s te r n E p e ( T h e U S T h re e M iı
w o e Is la n d a c c id e n t in

1 9 7 9 h a d a s ig n ific a n t e n e ct o n w e s te r n re a c to r d e s ig n a n d o p e ra tin g p r o c e d u re s W h ile

th a t r e a c to r w a s d e s tro y e d ,
a ll r a d io a c tiv ity w a s c o n ta in e d as de s ig n e d a n d th e re w e re

n o d e a th s o r in ju r ie s )
W h ile n o o n e in th e W e st w a s de
y illu s io n a b o u t th e s a fe ty o f e a r ly S o v ie t
u n r an

re a c to r d e s ig n s s o m e le s s o n s le a rn e d h a v e a ı s o be e n a ppı ic a b ı
, e to w e s te rn p la n ts
C e rta in ly th e s a fe ty o f a lıS o v ie t d e s ig n e d re a c to rs h a s im ro v e d v a s tı T h i i d
p y s s u e la rg e ly
to th e d e v e lo p m e n t o f a c u ltu r e o f s a fe ty e n c o u ra g e d b in c re
y a se d co ı ıb ti b tw e e n a o ra o n e
E a sta n d W e s t, a n d su b s ta n tia l in v e s tm e n t in im p ro v in g th e re a c to rs
M o d « ic a tio n s ha v e be e n m a d e to o v e rc o m e d e fic ie n c ie s in a lıth e R B M K re a c to rs s tiı
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C he m o b yt 4
A ll o f th e R B M K re a c to rs ha v e now be
d «ie d b c h en m o
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g e fu e l e n r ic h m 1 8 1o
2 4 % U 2 3 5 m a k in g th e m v e ry m u c h m e n t fro m
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m e c h a n is m s n o w o p e ra te fa s te r a n d o th u to m a tic s h u t d o w n
e r s a fe t
y m e c h a n is m s h
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A u to m a te d in s p e c tio n e q u ip m e n t h a s a v e b e e n im p ro v e
a ls o b e e n
in s ta lı
C in e m o b y l a c c id e n t is n o w v ir tu a lly im ed A re p e titio n o f th e 1 9 86
p o s s ib le , a c c o rd
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a g e n c y re p o r t e r m a n n u c le a r s a fe y

S in c e 1 9 8 9 o ve r 1 0 0 0 n u c le a
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M any o th e r in te
tio n a ı ro rn a
p g ra m m e s w e r e i
n itia te d fo llo w in g c h e rn o b y ı T h e
Ilnte rn a tio n a l A to m ic E n e rg y A g e n c y (ı A E A ) s a fe t re v i
y e w p ro je c ts fo r e a c h p a r tic u la r ty p e
oï S o v e
i t re a c to r a re n o te w o rth
y b rin g in g to g e th e r o e r t
p a o rs a n d W e s te rn e n g in e e rs to
,

lo c u s o n s a fe ty im p r o v e m e n ts T h e s e in itia tiv e s
a re b a c k e d b y fu n d in
g a rra n g e m e n ts T h e
Nu c ı e a r S a fe ty A s s is ta n c e C o o rd in a ti
o n C e n tre d a ta b a s e lis t w
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U S $1 b ilı io n fo r m o r e th a n 7 0 0 s a fe t
l
y re a te d p r o je c ts in fo r m e r E a s te rn B ı o c c o u n tr ie s
The N u c le a r S a fe ty C o n v e n tio n is a m o re re c e n t o u tc o m e
n 199 8
ı a n a t w ith th e U S p ro v id e d fo r th e
g re e m en
e s ta b lis h m e n t o f a n in te rn a tio n a l
ra dio e c o lo g y la b o ra to ry in s id e th e e x c lu s io n z o n e

14 C A S E S T U D Y O F T H E B H O P A L D IS A S T E R
.
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14 1 T H E B H O P A L P L A N T
T h e B h o p a ıp ı a n t w a s o w n e d a n d o p e r a te d b y U n io n C a r b id e ı n d ia L im ite d (U C ı L) a n , ,

In d ia n c o m p a n y in w h ic h U n io n C a rb id e C o rp o ra tio n h e ı d ju s t o v e r h a ıf th e s to c k T h e

d e rs in c lu d e d ı
o the r s to c k h o ı n d ia n fin a n c ia l in s titu tio n s a n d th o u s a n d s o f p r iv a te in v e s to rs

in In d ia UC ı
L w a s e s ta b lis h e d in 1 9 3 4 ,
w he n U n io n C a rb id e C o r p o r a tio n (U C C ) b e c a m e

n ie s to in v e s t in In d ia UC ı
L w a s a d iv e rs ifie d m a n u fa c tu r in g
one o f th e firs t U S co m pa
i 1 4 p la n ts in fiv e d iv is io n s
co m ,
y 9 0 0 0 p e o p le a n d o p e ra t n g
p a n y e m p lo y in g a p p ro x im a te ı ,

e s w e re n e a r ly $ 2 0 0 m
An n ua l s a ı lio n a n d U C IL s h a re s w e re p u b lic ı
iı ,
y tra d e d o n th e

C a lc u tta S to c k E x c h a n g e
a n t w a s d e s ig n e d an d c o n s tr u c te d by U C ı
L u s in g
In th e ı a te 1 9 7 0 5 th e B h o p a l p ı
,

d w e n t o n to b e p e ra te d b y a n ı
o n d ia n p la n t
ın dia n c o n s u lta n ts a n d w o rk e rs a n
tru c te d o n a n d le a s e d to U C ı
ı L b y th e ın d ia n s ta te
m a n a g e m e n t te a m T h e pı antw a s cons
i id fo r u s e in In d ia to h e ı p th e
T h e p la n t p ro d u c e d p e s t c e s
go v e r n m e n t o f M a d h y a p r a d e s h
its p ro d u c tiv ity a n d c o n trib u te m o re s ig n ific a n tı y to
co u n trtť s a ric u R u r a ıs e c to r in c re a s e
g ď s m o s t h e a v iı y po pu ı a te d re g io n s ın 19 9 4
m e e tin d s of one o
f th e w o r ı ,

g th e fo o d n e e
in U C IL to M a c L e o d R u s s e ı l (In d ia )
n tire s ta k e
U n io n C a rb id e C o rp o ra tio n s o ld its e
to E v e re a d y In d u s
trie s In d ia L im ite d In 1 9 9 8 th e
Lim ite d w h ic h re n a m e d th e c o m p a n y
,

r th e B h o p a ı s ite fr o m E v e re a d y
p ra d e s h to o k o v e
,

f M a d h ya
government o f s ta te o
In d u s trie ı
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fin a n c ia ıin s titu tio n

n d ia
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h a lf th e s to c
c o r p o ra tio n (w h ic h he ld ju s t o v e r

c o u n tr )rs a g r ic u ı
tu ra ıs e «
i to h e lp th e
e in In d a
T he pı t p ro d u c e d p e s tic id e s fo r u s
f d
to m e e tin g th e o o n e e d s o f
a n
n ific a n tly
in c r e a s e its p r o d u c tiv ity a n d c o n tr ib u te m o re s ig
o f th e w o r ı ď s m o s t h e a v ily p o p u ı a te d re g io n s

19 a4

D . . 3 T h . ßh . p a ıG . . N a g e d y ta n k a t th e
as ı e a k s fr o m a
l i o c a n a te (M IC ) g
s h o rtıy a fte r m id n ig h t m e th y s y ,
d seve l th o d
8 o o p e o p le d ie a n
ra u san
u c ı L B h o p a ıp la n t A p p ro x im a te ly 3 ,

i l d is a b iıitie s
e n t a n d p a rt a
s e x p e rie n c e p e rm a n
o th e r in d iv id u a ı

D ec 4 im m e d ia te a c tio n

d t U n io n C a rb id e he a dq u a r te r s in
w o rd o f th e d is a s te r is r e c e iv e a

W A de a lo n g w ith a te c h n ic a l
t C h a ir m a n a n d C E O a rn e n n rs o n
C o n n e c tic u
,

de a ı in g w ith th e in c id e n t
te d e p a r t to In d ia to a s s is t th e g o v e rn m e n t in
a m ,

a c e d u n d e r h o u s e a rre s t a n d u r g e
d b y th e In d ia n
U p o n a r r iv a l A n d e rs o n is p ı,

g o v e rn m e n t to ı e a v e th e c o u n try w ith in 2 4 h o u rs

i l ll a s
rg a n iz e s a te a m o f international m e d c a e x p e
r ts a s w e
U n io n C a rb id e o ,

ity
s u ppı
ie s a n d e q u ip m e n t to w o rk w ith th e lo c a ıB h o p a ım e d ic a l c
,
o m m u n

T h e U C C te c h n ic a ıte a m b e g in s a s s e s s in g th e ca use o f th e g a s e a k
ı

D e c 14 W a r re n A n de rs o n te s tifie s b e fo re C o n g re s s a n d s tr e sse s ucc co m m itm e nt

to s a fe ty a n d p ro m is in g to ta k e a c tio n s to e n s u re th a t a s im ila r in c id e n t
C a n ń o t h a p p e n a g a in
"

1985

Feb ï n te r ï m re ie f
ı
u n io n c a rb id e e s ta b lis h e s fu n d fo r v ic tim s o f th e tr a g e d y th e (U C C )
B ho pa l R lie f F u n d
$ 1 2 0 0 00
'
E m p lo y e e s e
, w h ic h co lle c ts m o re th a n ,

UCC se n ds m o re m e d ic a l e q u ip m en t to B h o p a l

M S tu d y L a u n c he d
a r
u C c la unc h e s d is a s te r p ro g ra m to s tu d y e ffe c ts o f C
ı
o v e r x p o s u r e to M

B h o p a ıG a s Le a k A c t

G o v e rn m e n t o f In d ia e n a c ts th e B h o p a l G ı s
A c t th a t e n a b
a s L e a k D is e
a s te r

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cı p

in c id e r tt
Ca u s e o f th e
in tro d u c e d in
UC C T e c h n ic a ıte a m p o rts th a t
re a la rg e v o lu m e o f w a te r w a s
re ıe a s e
to th e C ta
M ı n k a n d tr ig g e re d a re a c tio n th a t re s u lte d in th e g a s
iv e s a t
n d e pe
ı n de n tly ,
a co m m itte e o f e x p e rts f th In d ia n o v e r n m e n t a r r
o r e g
th e s a m e c o n c lu s io n

U n io n C a r b id e o ne rs $7 m illio n in te r im re lie f
Ap r
U S D is tr ic t C o u r t,
UC C o ffe rs $5 m lio
iı n in re lie f fo r v ic tim s b e fo re th e

b r in g in g to ta l to d a te to $ 7 m illio n

; Ī
U n io n C a rb id e re lie f
G o v e rn m e n t o f In d ia j
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UCC ffe f a i fo r B h o p a ıv ic ti s
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Ju n e A d d itio n a l A id
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C a rb id e fu n ds ho s p lta ı
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o s e s $35o
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M ar u n io n c a r b id e p r o p t o f $ 3 5 0 m illio n th a t w ilı
o se s a se
ttle m e n t a m o u n
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v ic tim s o
f b e tw e e n $ 5 0 0 6 0 0 m iı
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if
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e a rs p ı
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M ay lıB h o p a ılitid a tio n to In d ia D e c is io n is

e tra n s fe rs a
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in e s

FU N D A M E N TA L C A N O N S
1 E n g in e e rs s h a lıh o ı
d pa ra m o u n t th e s a fe ty , he a ı
th a n d w e lfa re o f th e p u b lic a n d
s h a lı s tr iv e to co m pı ith th e rin c ip ı f s u s ta in a b le de v e lo
y w p es o p m e n t in th e
p e r fo rm a n ce o f th e ir p ro fe s s io n a l d u tie s
E n g in e e rs s ha ıl p e r fo rm s e rv ic e s o n ı y in a re a s o f th e ir c o m p e te n c e
E n g in e e rs sha ı
ıis s u e pu bı
ic s ta te m e n ts o n ly in a n o b je c tiv e a n d tru th fu l m a n n e r
E n g in e e rs s ha ı ıa c t in p ro fĢ s s io n a l m a tte fo h
rs r e ac e m p lo y e r o r c ie
ı n t a s fa ith fu l
a ge n ts o r tr u s te e s a n d s h a ı
ıa v o id c o n fı
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E n g in e e rs s h a lıb u ild th e ir p r o fe s s io n a l r e p u ta tio th e m e r it o f th e ir
n o n s e rv ic e s
a n d sha ı ln o t c o m p e te u n fa ir ly w ith o th e rs
E n g in e e rs s h a ll a c t in su c h to
a m a n ne r as u p h o ld a n d e n ha n ce th e ho n o r,
in te g r ity , a n d d ig n ity o f th e e n g in e e rin g p ro fe s s io n
E ng in e e rs s h a ll c o n tin u e th e ir p ro fe s s io n a l d e v e lo t th r o
pm e n u gho u t th e ir c a re e rs ,
an d : s ha ı ı p ro v id e o p p o r tu n itie s fo r th e p r o fe s s io n a l de v e lo pm e n t o f th o s e
e n g in e e rs u n d e r th e ir s u p e rv is io n

G U ı D E U N E S T O P R A C T IC E U N D E R T H E F U N D A M E N T A L C A
N O N S O F E T H IC S
C a n o n 1 E n g in e e r s s h a ll h o ł d p a r a m o u n t th e s a fe t h e a l
y, th a n d w e ıfa r e o f th e p u b lic a n d
i
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n ır e c o g n iz e th a t th e liv e s s a fe t h
y e a lth a n d w e ı
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p u b ıic a re d e p e n d e n t u po n e n i i
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n
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in c o r p o r a te d in to s tru c tu r e s m a c h in e s p r o d u c ts
,
p r o c e s s e s a n d d e v ic e s
,
,

2 E n g in e e r s s h a lı a p p Įr o v e o r s e a ı o n ı y th o s e d e s ig n d o c u m e n ts of
re v ie w e d
d b h w h ic h a r e d e te rm in d t
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p p
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r pu bı ic h e a ł ıh and w eı
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E n g in e e rs w h o s e
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Ju g m e n s o v e r r u e u n e r c ir c u m s ta n c e s w h
e r e th e s a Te t th a n d w e ı w e
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pu bı
,
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s ta in a b le d e v e ı o pn »
,

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m a y be in v io la tio n o f
y o f th e p ro v is io n s o f c a n o n 1 s h a ll p r e s e n t s u c h
a n
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g s u c h fu rth e r in fo r m a tio n o r a s s is ta n c e a s m a b e r e q u ire d
y
4 E n g in e e r s s h o u ld s e e k o
p p o rtu n itie s to b e o f c o n s tru c tiv e s e rv ic e in c iv ic a ffa irs
a n d w o r k fo r th e a d v a n c e f th e ir
m e n t o f th e s a fe t
y h e a lth a n d w e ll b e in g o ,

c o m m u n itie s a n d th e p ro te c tio n
,
o f th e e n v iro n m e n t th ro u g h th e p ra c tic e o f
s u s ta in a b le d e v e ı
o pm e n t

5 E n g in e e rs s ho u ld b e itte d to im p ro v in g th e
c om m e n v ir o n m e n t by a d he re n c e to th e

p rın c ip le s o F s u s ta in a bı
e de v e ı
o p m e n t s o a s to e n ha nce th e q u a lity o f life o f th e

g e n e ra l p u b ı
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Ca n o n 2 E n g in e e rs s ha ı
l p e r fo rm s e r v ic e s o n ly in a re a s o f th e ir q o m p e te n c e \
n ly w h e n
e rin g a s s ig n m e n ts o
1 E n g in e e rs s h a ll u n d e rta k e p e r fo rm
to en e g in
h i ıfie ld o f e n g in e e rin g :in v o lv e d
q u a lifie d b y e d u c a tio n o r e x p e r ie n c e in th e te c n c a
e r ie n c e o u ts id e o f
2 E n g in e e rs m a y a c c e p t a n a s s ig n m e n t re q u irin g e d u c a tio n o r e x p
i ic e s a re re s tr ic te d to th o s e
th e ir o w n fie ld s o f c o m p e te n c e p ro v id e d th e r s e rv ,

f u c h p ro je c t
ti h ic h th e y a re q u a lifie d A ll o th e r p h a s e s o s
p h a s e s o f th e p r o je c n w
i te s c o n s u lta n ts , o r e m p lo y e e s
sha ı l b e p e r fo r m e d b y q u a lifie d a s s o c a ,

i e r in g p la n o r
i s i n a tu re s o r s e a ls to a n y e n g n e
3 E n g in e e rs s h a ll n o t a ffix th e r g
l k c o m p e te n c e b y v ir tu e o f
b e c t m a tte r in w h ic h th e y a c
d o c u m e n t d e a lin g w ith s u j
a n y s u c h p la n o r
d o c u m e n t n o t re v ie w e d o r ı
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ta te m e n ts o n ly in a n o je
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th a n on e p a r ty fo r s e rv ic e
l n o t a c c e p t c o m p e n s a tio n ū o m
2 Ên g in e e rs s h a ı m o re s

Č in in g to the th e sa m e p ro e c j t, u n le s s
o n th e p ro je c t o r fo r s e rv ic e s p e
sam e ,

b ı ı i te r e s te d p a r ti
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3 E n g in e e rs s h a lı n o t s o lic it o r a c c e p t g ra u e s ,

c o n tr a c to rs th e ir a g e n ts or o th e r p a rtie s d e a ı in g w ith th e ir c lie n ts o r e m p lo y e rs in

, ,

c o n n e c tio n w ith w o r k fo r w h ic h th e y a r e re s p o n s ib le

4 E n g in e e rs in pu bı
ic s e rv ic e as m e m b e rs , a d v is o rs ,
o r e m p lo y e e s o f a

goemmental b o d y o r d e p a r tm e n t s h a ll n o t p a rtic ip a te in c o n s id e ra tio n s o r a c tio n s

w ith re s p e c t to s e rv ic e s s o lic ite d o r p ro v id e d b y th e m o r th e ir o r g a n iz a tio n in

p r iv a te o r p u b lic e n g in e e r in g p ra c tic e
5 E n g in e e r s s h a ıl a d v is e th e ir e m p lo y e rs o r c lie n ts w h e n , a s a re s u lt o f th e ir s tu d ie s ,

th e y b e lie v e a p ŕ o je c t w ill n o t b e s u c c e s s fu l
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6 E n ġ ih e e r ś s h a lın o t u s e ċ o n fid ė n tia l in fo rm a tio n co m in g to th e m in th e c o u rs e o f

th e ir a s s ig n m ė n ts a s a m e a ns o f m a k in g p e rs o n a l p ro fit if s u c H a c ūo n is a d v e rs e
to th e in te r ė s ts o f th e ir c lie n ts ,
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7 E n g in e e rs s h a ll n o t a cce p t p ro fe s s io n a le m pı o lm e n t o u ts id e o f th e ir re guı
a r w o rk

o r in te r e s t w ith o u t th e k n o w ı
e dge o f th e ir e m p lo y e rś
Ca n o n 5 E n g in e e rs s h a ll b u i d th e ir p ro fe s s io n a l re p u ta tio n o n th e m e rit o f th e ir s e rv ic e s

a n d s h a ll n o tc o m p e te u n fa irly w ith o th e rs

1 E n g in e e rs s h a lın o t g iv e ,
so ic it o
ı r r e c e iv e e ith e r d ire c tly o r in d ir ė c tly a rï y p o litic a l
,

c o n tr ib u tio n , g ra tu ity
o r u n la w fu l c o , n s id e ra tio n in o r d e r to
s e c u re w o rk , e x c lu s iv e
M s e c u rin
g d p o s i
t io s a la r ie
n s th ro u g h e m p ı
o y m e n t a g e n c ie s
2 Engineers s h o u ld n e g o tia te c o n tra c ts To r p ro fe s s io n a l s e rv ic e s fa irly a n d o n th e
b a ś iś o f d e m o n s tr a te d c o m p e te n c e a n d q u a lific a tio n s fo r th
e ty p e o f p ro fe s s io n a l
Sericė re q u ir e d
3 E n g ih e ė r sy m a re q u e s t, p ro p o s e o r a cc e p t p ro fe s s io n a ı c o m m is s io n s o n a
»ritı
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n ı s ta n c e s in w h ic h th e ir ro fe s s io n a l u d m e n ts
p j g ı
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n s h a lı n
t fa ls ify o o r pe rm it m is re p re s e n ta ñ o n o f th e ir a ć a d e m lc or
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5 E n g in ha ı ıg iv e p ro p e r c re d it fo r ė n i
e e rs s
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s w ho m a
y b e re s p o n s ib le fo r d e s ig r s ,
in v e n tio n s w r itin g s o r o th e r a c c o m p ı ıs h m e n ts
6 E n g in e e rs m a y a d v e rtis e p ro fe s s io n a ıs e r
y ic e s in a
w a y th a t d o e s n o t c o n ta in
m is ı e a d in g la n g u a g e o r is in a n
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p ro fe s s io n
7 E g in e e rs s h a ı
n l not m a ic io u s ı
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Ca n o n 6 E n g in e e rs s ha n a c t in Su c h th e ho n o r
a m a n n e r a s to u P h o ld a n d e n ha n ce
iM e g rity , a n
d d ig n ity o f th e e n g in e e r in
g p r o fe s s io r ï
1 E n g in e e rs s h a ll
t k n o w in g ly a c t in a n o
m a n n e r , w h ic h w ill b e d e r o g a to r y to th e
h o n o r , in te g r ity o r d ig n ity o f th e e n in ,
g e e r in g p r o fe s s io n o r k n o w in g ly e n g a g e in
i
b u s n e s s o r p r o fe s s io n a l p ra c tic e s o f a fra d l
u u e n t , d is h o n e s t o r u n e th ic a l n a tu r e

lC a n o n 7 E n g in e e r s h
s a ll c o n tin u e th e ír p ro fe s s io n a l d e v e fo p m e n t th ro u g h o u t th e ir
ca re e rs , a n d s h a ı
l p o
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e n g in e e rs u n d e r th e ir s u pe r v is io n

1 E n g in e e rs s ho u ı
d ke e p c u rr e n t in llie ır s p e c ia ıty ł
ie ıd s b y e n g d g in g in p r o fe s s io n a l
p r a c tic e , p a r tic ip a tin g in c o n tin u in g e d u c a tio n c o u rs e s , re a d in g in th e te c h n ic a l

lite r a tu re ,
a n d a tte n d in g Ħo fe s s io n a ım e e tin g s a n d s e m in a r s
2 E n g in e e rs s h o u ı
d e n c o u ra g e th e ir e n g in e e r in g e m p ı
o y e e s to b e c o m e re g is te re d a t
th e e a rlie s t p o s s e d a te
ib ı
3 E n g in e e rs s ho u d
ı e n c o u rag e e n g in e e rin g e m p ıo ye e s to ä ū b n d a ñ d p r e s e n t pa pe rs

a t p ro fe s s io n a ıa n d te c h n ic a ı$ o c ie ty m e e tin g s
4 E n g in e e rs s h a lıu p h o ld th e p r in c ip le o f m w u a ı ı
y s đı y in g F e la tio n s h ip s b e tw e e n
sł

em pı o y e rs a n d e m p lo y e e s w i
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p r o fe s s io n a a ry r a n g e s a n d fr in g e b e n e M s
l g r a d e d e s c r ip ü o n s s a ı , ,

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o f o u r te c h ñ o ı o g ie s in
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th e
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su p p o rt th e m in fo ııo w in g th is c o d e o f e th ic s

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a n d ł n te g r ity g h e s t s ta n d a r d s o f h o n e
1 E n g in e e rs s h a ll a c k n o w ı
e d g e th e ı
r e rr o rs a n
fa c ts d s h a ll n o t d is t t
o r o r a lte r th e
2 E n g in e e rs s h a ll a d v is e th e ir c ı
ıe n ts o
p r o je c t w iı
ln o t b e
r e m p lo y e rs w he n th e y b e lie v e a
s u c c e s s fu l
3 E n g in e e rs s h a lın o t a cce
pt o u ts id e
u la r
em p lo y m e n t to th e d e tr i
re g w o rk o r in te re s t m e n t o f th e ir
B e fo re acce
e m pıo ym e t th e y w iı p tin g a n y o u ts id e
n l n o tify th e ir
e m pı
o y e rs
e n g in e e r in g
d E n g in e e rs s h a ll n o t a tte
m p t to a ttr
actan e n g in e e
fro m a n o th e r r
e m p lo y e r
5 E n g in e e r s s h a ı ın o t a c tiv e l
y p a rtı cı p a te in s trik
coı le c tiv e c o e r c iv e a e s,
c llo n p ic k e t ı
in e s , o r o th e r
6 E n g in e e r s s h a ı ın o t p r o m
o te th e ir
o w n in t
e re s t a t
th e e x p e n s e o f th e
2 E n g in e e rs s h a ll a t a H tim e
s s tr iv e to
s e r v e th
1 E n g in e e r s s h a lıs e e p u b li
c in te r
e k o p p o rt est
u n itie s
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th e
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s u c H u n p r o fe s s io n a l co n

p r o p e r a u th o r itie s a n d w ith d r a w » o m fu r th e r s e rv ic e o n th e p r o je c t
3 E n g in e e rs s h a ll e n d e a v o r to e x te n d p u b lic k n o w le d g e a n d a p p r e c ia tio n o f
e n g in e e r in g a n d its a c h ie v e m e n ts

E n g in e e rs s ia
ha ı v o id a }łc o n du cto r p r a c tic e h ic h d e c e iv e s th e p u b lic
& w

1 E n g in e e rs s h a lı a v o id th e use o f s ta te m e n ts c o n ta in in g a m a te r ia l !
m is re p r e s e n ta tio n o f fa c t o r o m ittin g a m a te r ia ıfa ct

2 C o n s is te n t w ith th e fo dv e r tis e fo itm e n t o f

re g o in g E n g in e e rs m a y a r re c ru

pe rs o n n e l
th e la y
3 C o n s is te n t w ith th e fo re g o in g E n g in y p re p a re a r tic le s fo
e e rs m a r

o r te c h n ic a l p re ss but s u c h a r tic ı y c re d it to th e a
e s s h a lın o t im p ı u th o r fo r

w o rk p e r fo r m e d b y o th e rs
4 E n g in e e rs s h a lłn o t d is c lo s e w ith o u t co n se n t, c o n fid e n tia łin fo rm a tio n c o n c e r n in g
th e b u s in e s s a o r te c h n ic a l p r o c e s s e s o f a n y p r e s e n t o r fo r m e r c lie n t ü r
ffa ir s
e m pıo ye r o r p u b ı ic b o d y o n w h ic h th e y s e rv e
1 E n g in e e r s s h a ıın o t w ith o u t th e c o n s e n t o f a ıl in te r e s te d p a r tie s , p r o m o te

o r a r r a n g e fo r n e w e m p lo y m e n t ti
o r p ra c c e in c o n n e c tio n w ith a s p e c ific

i d p a r tic u ı a r a n d s p e c ia liz e d
p ro je c t fo r w h ic h th e E n g in e e r h a s g a n e
k n o w le d g e
2 E n g in e e r s s h a lı n o t w ith o u t th e c o n s e n t o f a lı in te r e s te d p a r tie s F
in t a n a dv e rs a r y in te re s t in c o n n e c tio n w ith
p a r tic ip a te o r re p re s e n a

c ıfic p ro je c t o r p ro c e e d in g in w h ic h th e E n g in e e r h a s g a in e d p a r tic u la r
s pe
c ia iz e d k n
ı o w le d g e o n b e h a lf o f a fo rm e r c ı
ie n t o r e m p lo y e r
s pe
E n g in e e rs s h a ll n o t be in flu e n ce d in th e ir p r o fe s s io n a l d u tie s by c o n n ic tin g
in te re s ts

p t fin a n c ia ıo r o tr E r co n s id e ra tio in c ı
u d in
1 E n g jn e e rs s h a ll n o ta cc e n s
g fr e e
e e r in g d e s ig n s
fro m m a te r ia lo r e q u ip m e n t s u ppı
ie rs fo r s pe c ify in g
e n g in
th e r p ro d u c t
i
pt co m m is s io n s o r a ılo w a n c e s d ir e c tly
2 E n g in e e rs s h a ll n o t a cce o r I
in d ire uy fr o m c o n tra c to r s o r o th e r p a r tie s d e a ı in g w ith c lie n ts
o r
c

e m pı
o ye rs o f th e E n g in e e r in c o n n e c tio n w ith w o r k fo r w h ic h th
e E n g i, e t
is re s po n s ib le
ıo m e n t o r a dva n c e m e n t o r
E n g in e e rs s h a lłn o t tte m p t to o b ta in e m p y
a p r o fe s s io n a l \
lł itic iz in g o th e r e n g in e e r s , o r b y o th e r i
enga
ge m e n ts b y u n tru th fu y c r rn p r o p e r
o r \
qu e s üo n a b le m e th o d s
ı n o t re q u e s t, P ro p o s e o r a cce pt a c o m is
g in e e r s s h a ı s io n
1 E n m o n a
i
d e r c irc u m s ta n c e s n w h ic h th e ir ju d g m
co n tin g e n t b a s is u n e n t m a
y be
c o m p ro m is e d
2 E n g in e e rs if ı a r ie
sa ı d p o s itį o n s s h a lıa c c e p t p a t i m e e n g in e e r in
g w e rK
e x te n t c o n
s is te n t w ith p o lic ie s o f th e
o n ly to th e e m pı
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3 E n g in e e r s s h a ıın o t w ith o u t c o n s e n t u s e e q u ip m e n
t s u ppı ie s la b o r a t
,
o ry,
, ,
,

o r o ffic e fa c ilitie s o f a n e m p ı i t
o y e r to c a r ry o n o u ts id e p r v a e p r a c tic e
7 E n g in e e r s s h a ll n o t a tte m p t to in ju re , m a lic io u s ly o r fa ls e ı y d ire c tly o r in d ire c tł y ,

th e p ro fe s s io n a l r e u ta tio
p n ,
p lo y m e n t o f o th e r e n g in e e r s
p ro s p e c ts p ra c tic e o r ,
e m

E n g in e e r s w h o b e ı ie v e o e th ic a l o r ille g a l p r a c tic e s h a lł
th e r s a r e g u ilty o f u n
P re s e n t s u c H in fo rm a tio n to th e
p ro p e r a u th o rity fo r a c tio n
1 E n g in e e r s in p r iv a te p ra c tic e s h a ıın o t re v ie w th e w o r k o f a n o th e r e n g in e e r
fo r th e sa m e c lie n t e x c e p t w ith th e k n o w le d g e o f s u c h e n g in e e r , o r u n ı
ess
th e co n n e c tio n o fs u c H e n g in e e r w ith th e w o rk ha s be e n te rm in a te d
2 E n g in in g o ıin d u s tria l o du c a tio n a ıe
e e rs v e m m e n ta ,
r e m p lo y a re e n title d to
re v ie w a n d e v a lu a te th e w o r k o f o th e r e n g in e e rs w he n s o re q u ir e d b y th e ir
e m pı
o ym e n t d u tie s
3 E n g in e e rs in s a le s in d u s tr ia ıe m p ı
o r o y a re e n title d to m a k e e n in e e rin
g g
co m p a r is o n s o f re p r e s e n te d p ro d u c ts w ith r o d u c ts o f o th e r s
p u ppı ie r s
8 E ng in e e r s s h a ll a c c e p t p e rs o n a l re s p o n s ib ility fo r th e ir p r o fe s s io n a l a c tiv itie s
P r o v id e d , h o w e v e r th a t E n g in e e r s m a y s e e k in d e m n ific a ti
,
o n fo r s e rv ic e s a r is in g
o u t o f th e ir p r a c tic e fo r o th e r th
a n g ro s s n e g ıig e n c e , w h e re th e E n in e e r s
g
in te r e s ts c a n n o t o th e r w is e b e r o te
t d p c e
1 E n g in e e rs s ıc o
ha ı n fo r m ith
w s ta te re g is tr a tio la in th e
n w s p ra c tic e of
e n g in e e r in g
2 E n g in e e rs s h a ll n o t u s e a s s o c ia üo n w ith a no n e n g in e e r, a c o r p o ra tio n or
h ip
,
p a r tn k fo
"
e rs c ı
"
a s a o a r une th ic a l a c ts
9 E n g in e e r s s h a ll g iv e c re d it fo r e n g in e e rin w
g o r k to th o s e to w h
o m c r e d it is d u e \
a n d w ill r e c o g n iz e th e p ro p r ie ta r in te r ,

y e s ts o f o th e r
s
1 E n g in e e r s s h a ı l w h e n e v e r o s s ib l
,
p e , n a m e th e
p e rs o n o r p e rs o n s w h o
m a y b e in d iv id u a lı y r e s p o n s ib le fo r d e s i n
g s in v e n tio n s , w ń tin g s o r o th e r ,
a cco m pı is h m e n ts ,

2 E n g in e e rs u s in g de s ig n s s u ppı
ie d b y a c ı
ie n t
re m a in th e
re c o g n iz e th a t th e d e s ig n s
p ro p e r ty o f th e cı
ie n t a n d m
y n a o t b e d u lic a te d b y th e
E n g in e e r fo r o th e rs w ith o u t e x p r e s s p
p e r m is s io n
3 En g in
e e rs b e fo r e u n d e r ta k in
,
g w o r k fo r o th e r i
s n c o n n e c tio n w ith w h ic h
th e E n g in e e r m a y m a k e i
m p ro v e m e
nķ pı
o th e r r e c o r d s th a t m a
a n s d e s ig n s in v e n tio n s , o r ,

y ju s tify c o p y r i h t
,
,

g s o r p a te n ts
p o s itiv e a g r e e m e n t r e g a rd in o w d e n te r in to a
sho u ı ,
g n e rs h i
4 E n g in e e rs ' d e s ig n s d a t p
a r e c o rd s
a n d n o te
,
,
s r e fe rr in an
u s iv e ly to
,
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e m p lo e r
y s p ro p e rt f
th e E n g in e e r fo r u s e o f
th e irı
y E m pı o ye r s ho u ıd in d e m n iy
fo rm a tio n
fo r a n
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6 A M E R IC A N ı
NSTı
了U 了E O F C
H E ııı
cÆ Eı
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Co de o f E th ic s

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a n d s e rv in g w ith ttı
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y e ir c lie n tı a n d a }e
p u b lic . ıo in c r e a æ ,
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e e n g in e e rin
g p ro ￠ e ıs io n a n d u ıin g th e ir k n o w ı e d ge
a n d s k ilıfo r th e e n h a n c e rrıe n t o f h u m a n w e ıe
T o a c h ie v e th e s e g o a ı ı, m e m b e r s M
1 H o ıd p a r a n t th e s a
fe ty h e a lıh a n d w M e o f * ıe p ıJb ı , ic a n d p ￠_ ï ıe
W W W o n m e n t in p e r fo m n a n c
e o f th e ir p r o fe s s io n a l d a ie s
F o rm a lly a d v is e e m p lo y e rs o r r ı ie n łs (a n d c o n s id e r fu r * ıe r d iıc ıo w ï e if ,

w a rr a n tle d ) if {h e y p e r c e iv e a co n sequ e n ce o f ı
h e ir d M e s w iı a d v e rs e ı
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A c t in p to fe s s io n a ım a & e r s io r p a ch p lo y e r o r c * e n
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id in g conflicł n e ve r b r e a c h i n g
T re a y a n d re s p e c d w y a ı
t fa ir ı ıc o l e a g u e s a n d ı ,
re c o g n iz in g th e ir
u n iq u e o o n lr ib u tio n s a n d c a p a b * iü e s

P e r lo r m p r o ï e s s io n a lse r v ic e s o n y in a r e a s o f th e ir o
ı om p e ı e n ce

B u iı
d th e ir re pu u io n s o n th e m e r i￠
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h e ir s e r v ic e s

C tin u e ü ıe ir p ro lie s s io
o n n a ıd e ve b p n e n t O r o u gho u t th e * c a r e e r s a n d p n o * id e
o p p o r tu n itie s fo r th e p r deveł
o pm e n t o f 1h o a e u n der ı h e ir
su pen ń s io n

N e ve r to ı
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e s in a fa ir H o n o ra 'J Pe a n d n e s p e c ū \d rn a m
hem
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7 C ı A T ıO N o F c o = p u R E R ııA C H IN E R Y (A c H )
Co de o fC o n du c t
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M P E R A Tı S
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Tı ES
2 M O R E S PE C ı Fıc p R O FESSı O N A L R E S p O N S IB IL ı
d d ig n ity in b o th th e
2 1 s tr iv e to a c h ie v e th e h ig h e s t q u a lity e ffe c tiv e ne ss a n
a

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a n
e te n c e
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ro fe s s io n a l w o rk
2 3 K n o w a n d re s p e c t e x is tin g ı a w s p e rta in in g to p
i w
2 4 A c c e p t a n d p ro v id e a p p ro p ria te p ro fe s s in n a ır e v e
f c o m p u te r s y s te m s a n d th e ir
2 5 G iv e c o m p r e h e n s iv e a n d th o ro u g h e v a lu a tio n s o
e ris k s
im p a c ts in c lu d in g a n a ı
, y s is o f p o s s ib ı
n s ib iıitie s
2 6 H o n o r c o n tra c ts a g re e m e n ts , a n d a s s ig n e d re s p o
,

d its c o n s e q u e n c e s
2 7 Im p r o v e p u b lic u n d e rs ta n d in g o f c o m p u tin g a n
o n ly w h e n a u th o r iz e d to d o
2 8 A c c e s s c o m p u tin g a n d c o m m u n ic a tio n re s o u rc e s
S O

3 O R G A N ı
Z A Tı O N A L LEA D ER S Hı P ı M PERATı V ES
f o rg a n iz a tio n a ıu n it a n d
3 1 A rtic u la te s o c ia ır e s p o n s ib ilitie s o f m e m b e rs o a n

ib ilitie s
e n c o u ra g e fu lıa cc e p ta n c e o f th o s e re s p o n s
d in fo tio n y s te m s th a t
3 2 M a n a g e p e rs o n n e l a n d re s o u rc e s to d e s ig n a n d b u lı rm a s

e n ha n c e th e q u a ı
ity o fw o r k in g lite
'

d th o riz e d u s e s o f a n o rg a n iz a tio n s
3 3 A c kn o w le d g e a n d su p p o rt p ro p e r a n a u

u n ic a tio n s r e s o u rc e s
c o m p u tin g a n d c o m m

a n d th o ho w iı
l be a ffe c te d b y a s y s te m h a v e th e ir
3 4 E n s u r e th a t u s e rs se w
n ts
ds e a r ly a r tic u la te
c ı d d u r in g th e a sse ss m e n t a n d d e s ig n o f r e q u ir e m e
n e e
th e s y s te m m u s t b e v a lid a te d to m ee t re q u ir e m e n ts
L a te r
lic ie s th a t p ro te t th e d ig n ity f u s e rs a n d o th e rs
3 5 A r tic u la te a n d s u p p o rt p o c o

a Ħe c te d b y a co m p u tin g s y s te m
b r o f th e o rg a n iz a tio n to ı th e p r in c ip le s
p p o rtu n itie s fo r m e m e s
e a m
3 6 C r e a te o

a n d ı im ita tio n s o f c o m p u te r s y s te m s
A N C E W ı TH TH E C O D E
4 C o M pLı
t th e p rin c ip ıe s o f th is C o d e
4 1 U p h o ld a n d p ro m o e
i i t t ith m e m b e r s h ip in th e A C M
a tio n s o f th is c o d e a s n c o n s s e n w
4 2 T r e a t v io ı

C o M PUTER SO C
N D IA
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Sı
8

Hı C S F O R IT P R O F E S S IO N A L S
C O D ES O F ET
ım e m b e r o f th e C o m p u te r S o c ie v o f ı n d ia (c s I) s h a ı
l
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rc e s a v a ila b le to Þ m a n d o p tim iz e th e s e in a tta in in g th e
ł o r g a n iz e th e r e s o u
tio n
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p ca o n s
r d h is O R G A N IZ A T IO N a n ı
2 A s re g a T p r o fe s s io n a ls h o u ld
ł A ct w ith in te g r ity in c a r ry in u t th e la fu l p o lic y d in s tr u c tio n s o f h is
g o w a n

o rg a n iz a tio n a n d u p h o ld its im a ge a n d re p u ta tio n

ł P la n e s ta b lis h a n d re v ie w o b je c tiv e d ta k s fo h im se ı
fa n d h is su b o r d in a te s
, s a n s r
s io n a ls in th e
w h ic h a re co m p a tib le w ith th e c o des o f p ra c tic e o f o th e r p r o fe s
to w a rd s th e s u c c e s s o f th e e n te rp r is e
e n te r p r is e ,
a n d d ire c t a lıa v a ila b le e no ıs

ra th e r th a n h im s e lf
h ic h to h im in th e
ł F u lly re s p e c t th e co n fid e n tia lity o f th e in fo rm a tio n w co m e s

tio n fo r p e rs o n a l g a in o r in a
c o u rs e o f h is d u tie s a n d n o t use co n fid e n tia l in fo rm a

l to h is o rg a n iz a tio h is c ı
ie n ts
m an n e r w h ic h m a y b e d e tr im e n ta n o r

p u te file s ; a d
p le
'
d in th e o s co m r n
/ N o t s n o o p a ro u n o r pe
de m o n s tr a te h is p e rs o n a l in te g rity
ł In h is c o n ta c ts a n d de a lin g s w ith o th e r pe o p le
f s io n a ıc a p a c ity ,
a n d hu m a n ity a n d w he n ca ï e d to g iv
ı e a n o p in io n in h is p ro e s
re lia b le th a t is o b je c ti a n d
o in io n v e
ha ı
s ï , to th e b e s t o f h is a b ility , g iv e a n p
IT p r o fe s s io n a ıs h o u ld
3 A s r e g a r d th e E M P L O Y E E S , a n
k a n d p e r fo rm a n c e
e to h is s u b o r n
d i a te s th ro u g h h is o w n w o r .

17 S e t a n e x a m pı f h is
e d s a n d p ro o le m s o
e a d e rs h ip a n d
b y ta k in g a c c o u n t o f th e n e
th r o u g h h is ı
s u b o r d in a te s
ifi d fo r h ig h e r d u tie s
h im to b e c o m e q u a l e
14 D e v e lo p p e o p le u n d e r f w ho m h e is
ıl b e in g o f th e p e rs o n n e l o r
th e s a fe ty a n d w e
17 p a y p ro p e r r e g a r d to
re s p o n s ib ı e ;a n d
w ith fe ıï o w p ro fe s t io n a ıs
ł S h a re h is e x p e r ie n c e
f b u s in e ss be s ta te d c le a rly a n d
c o n tra c ts a n
d te rm s o
te r m s o f a lï
ł E n s u re th a t th e
d d ho n o re
u n a m b ig u o u s ly a n i s
o o d s o r s e rv c e
p ly in h e re n tı y unsa g
s u p
n n o c irc u m s ta ı w iM e s s : a n d
n c e
ı le o r to b e a r fa s e
h a r m o th e r p e p
o
u t e r to
N o t u s e th e c o m p v ic e
ıf
e n g iv in g
in d e p e n d e n t a d
d im p a r tia l w h
ł B e o b je c tiv e a n r s h o u ld
IT Y . a n ı T p r o fe s s io n a
S A s r e g a r d s th e c o o M u N rc e s e m p ı o ye d
e s o fa ı i n a tu ra l re s o u
Ħe c ti v e u s
a Ħa ir s
M a k e th e m o s t e in c o m m u n ity
s is ta n c e
fe s s io n a l a s
B e r e a d y to g iv e p
v ro

tio n a n d re s p e c t fo fe ı
lo w
c o n s id e ra
r
i w a y s th a t e n s u r e
co m pu e
t r n
1 A ıw a ys u s e a

hu m a n s

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