Online Voting System using Blockchain

Shivani Kolanu
K.Prashanthi K.Keerthi Priya
Computer Science and Engineering
Computer Science and Engineering Computer Science and Engineering
Malla Reddy Engineering College for
Malla Reddy Engineering College for Malla Reddy Engineering College for
Women
Women Women
(Affiliated to JNTUH)
(Affiliated to JNTUH) (Affiliated to JNTUH)
Hyderabad, India
Hyderabad, India Hyderabad, India
shivanikolanu2000@gmail.com
prashanthikoudi@gmail.com keerthikutumbka@gmail.com

Abstract— The problem with the present EVMs is election fraud,
election manipulation and vote rigging. To avoid these kind of
illegal interference of present election system, this online voting
helps people to elect their desired leader. Government is spending
lots of revenue on the EVMs and whole election process which is
killing time of the voters in the queues when they have come to cast
their vote. According to the census more than 9,000 crores spent by
the government of India towards Lok Sabha elections to buy EVMs
and VVPAT units. Instead of spending on this EVMs process,
government can use Online voting system and can spend that
previous voting process revenue on the development of rural areas.
This raises the income of the rural India. This project will be an
initiative and successful step towards the development of
Technology in rural India. In EVMs, results is a time taking process
where all the poll officers should be available before and after the
government seal. Whereas in our Online Voting, results will be
known within 3-4 hours.
Index Terms— election fraud, vote rigging, VVPAT units,
Technology, poll officers, development, Face Recognition, Block
Chain.
constituency they are in and results as well as vote for the
desired candidates. And in this project it consists of face
recognition as a security to know whether the person is
casting the vote is alive there or not. In this project it stores
the vote in the blocks of a block chain. The Software will be
under the technical team of the Election Commissioner of the
Country.
II. EXISTING SYSTEM
Existing System consist of methods like paper ballet voting
and EVM voting. In EVM’s there is no transparency,
verifiability, accuracy and anonymity. The problem with the
present EVMs is election fraud, election manipulation and
vote rigging. Government is spending lots of revenue on the
EVMs and whole election process which is killing time of the
voters in the queues when they have come to cast their vote.

I. INTRODUCTION
Elections are believed to be the key pillars of democracy and
voting is one of the electoral processes that ensure the
sustenance of democracy in any civil society. Online voting
is an electronic way of choosing leaders via a web driven
application. It provides a platform for simplifying the
electoral process for all institutions that employ voting in
decision-making. It is geared towards increasing the voting
percentage in Universities and colleges . Since it has been
noted that with the old voting method, the voter turnout has
been a wanting case. In 2013, It was estimated that about 69
percent of students stayed away from registering to vote.
According to the census more than 9,000 crores spent by the
The project Online Voting system is designed to cast the vote government of India towards Lok Sabha elections to buy
and also to count the number of votes and thereby calculate EVMs and VVPAT units.
the percentage of votes. Also the number of vote a candidate
obtains is also obtained. Along with the number the
percentage of votes for each candidate is calculated. The
system is so designed that it can also check for duplication
since we use block chain to store the vote that the person had
casted. It then decides the winner in every section. The
project is designed with a modular approach and the number
of modules is decided as per the requirements of the
organization. The two modules are administrator module and
the user module. The administrator has total authority of the
organization and maintains all the aspects. The user has the
provision to view the list of all candidates according to the

XXX-X-XXXX-XXXX-X/XX/$XX.00 ©20XX IEEE

This Electronic voting is a time taking process, since the
results will be know after a long duration. For the results
verification, this process will be requiring Poll Officers
before and after the seal.

Voters should be standing in queues for longer time to wait

for their turn. This kind of waiting at polling booth’s is killing
the time of the voters. Some voters face a problem of not
knowing their polling centers and due to which they will not
utilize their vote.

III. PROPOSED SYSTEM

Online Voting System using Blockchain, provides user
friendly interface for the people of India. According to the
previous elections, it was been recorded that the percentage
of voting in rural areas is always greater than percentage of
voting in urban areas. There might be many problems like,
votes getting missed, migration to their hometowns to cast IV. FACE RECOGNITION
their vote etc. Online voting enables voters to cast their vote
privately and easily from any location and on any device with Face recognition is a biometric software application capable
internet access. This enables election officials to assure that of uniquely identifying or verifying a person by comparing
their votes remain cast-as-intended , recorded-as-cast and and analyzing patterns based on the person's facial contours.
counted-as-recorded. This project provides lot of Anonymity, Face recognition is mostly used for security purposes, though
Accuracy, Verifiability and Transparency. In EVMs, results there is increasing interest in other areas of use. In fact, face
is a time taking process where all the poll officers should be recognition technology has received significant attention as it
available before and after the government seal. Whereas in has potential for a wide range of application related to law
Online Voting, results will be known within a very less time. enforcement as well as other enterprises.
That is there’s lots of accuracy in this process. This system
ensure tamper proof and also ensure that electoral frauds do
not happen in the process.
 as well. Keeping this in mind, enabling blockchain
technology can prove to be beneficial to end these claims
once and for all. Blockchain deployment in voting is gaining
traction as various countries around the world have been
experimenting with the technology, primarily aiming to bring
more transparency and expand voter participation.
The following is the screenshot of Blockchain from the
proposed system.

In order to provide security and to know whether that

particular voter is casting his/her vote, we introduced Face
Recognition. If the Face Recognition is successful, then it
allows to the next step. If not, the session gets exit.
The following is the screenshot of Face Recognition from the
proposed system.

As the block gets sealed, any person trying to hack or tamper

should open the seal which gives the hacker a value which is
not actually in the block. If the hacker tries to enter any new
value, then the block gets re-sealed which means the Election
commission gets to know that, block got tampered. In this
way, we can reduce tampering or any kind of electoral frauds.

VI. STAGES UNDERGOING

The name get displayed based on the name in aadhaar of
India. The software gets trained from the database and then
identifies the person.
V. BLOCKCHAIN
Through Blockchain the election system can be made more
transparent, convenient and difficult to tamper into. The
system will also ensure the identity and eligibility of the
voter.
To simplify it, blockchain is a chain of digital blocks that
contain the records if the information or transactions sent
across. According to IBM’s Blockchain blog, any hacker
would need to change the block containing the record, along
with the ones connected to it to avoid detection, making the
blockchain difficult to tamper with.
For decades ballot box was the only voting mechanism in
India. Later, electronic voting machines (EVMs) came into
play amid increasing reports of booth capturing. However,
the EVMs have been often accused of being tampered with
A. Review Stage
• Anonymity: Voter must always be anonymous in
the voting process. The system must aim at
achieving the political privacy.
• Accuracy: Accuracy is maintained for every vote
and every vote must be counted, and can’t be
duplicated, removed.
• Verifiability: The system should verify that all
votes are counted properly. Our solution support
flexibility, efficiency and mobility along with the
main requirements.
• Transparency: The system must maintain
transparency such that every citizen must know
what is happening, how the vote is considered and
counted.
 B. Final Stage
The expected outcomes from this project are non-biased
election, flexibility, effectiveness, accuracy, transparency
and anonymity, saves lots of revenue. This government
revenue can be used on rural areas to develop their livelihood
which helps rural India to increase its economy.
C. Figure
The bar graph explains about the turnout in rural, semi-urban
and in urban areas of India. It clearly explains about the
variation of turnout in casting the votes between 2012 and
2017. The weight of the individuals casing their vote has been
decreasing from 2012 to 2017.And it clearly explain that this
change can be clearly seen in the urban areas.
When we consider the rural part of India the percentage of
turnout in the year 2012 is 71.8 and in the year 2017 is 70.6 ,
but when it comes to semi-urban part it is 71.8 in 2012 and in
67.1.Apart from these two in the urban area it’s been 71.1 but
it decreased to 65 in the year of 2017.
This graph shows the polling stations in Haryana. Here Urban
and Rural polling stations are separately shown. As we can
see that the number of polling stations in Urban are more
than 5000. Now if we see in Rural there are more stations
compared to Urban. In rural we have nearly 13931 polling
stations. The total polling stations are 19441. Almost crores
of amount is spent during Elections. According to the census
more than 9,000 crores spent by the government of India
towards Lok Sabha elections to buy EVMs and VVPAT units.
Instead of spending on this EVMs process, government can
use Online voting system and can spend that previous voting
process revenue on the development of rural areas. This raises
the income of the rural India. This project will be an initiative
and successful step towards the development of Technology
in rural India.
VII. EASE OF USE
A. Adaptability of the System
The expected outcomes from this project are non-biased
election, flexibility, effectiveness, accuracy, transparency
and anonymity, saves lots of revenue. This government
revenue can be used on rural areas to develop their livelihood
which helps rural India to increase its economy.
B. Study Areas
The study area is the polling centers in both rural and urban
areas. Polling centers are the places where the fraud may
happen. So, the location we consider under study is the
polling booths of all the places in India.
VIII. ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS
EC : Election Commission.
EVM : Electronic Voting Machine.
VVPAT : voter-verified paper audit trail.
OTP : One Time Password
PS : Polling Station
PC : Parliamentary Constituency
AC : Assembly Constituency
BLO : Booth Level Officer
CEO :Chief Electoral Officer
DEO : District Election Officer
ECI : Election commission of India
EEMS : Election Expenditure Management System
IX. CONCLUSION
The proposed Online Voting System using Blockchain is
based on the Blockchain technology. Online voting enables
voters to cast their vote privately and easily from any location
and on any device with internet access. This approach
increases the voting percentage overall and gives a more
accurate, transparent and fair election system. This enables
election officials to assure that their votes remain cast-as-
intended , recorded-as-cast and counted-as-recorded. This
proposed system ensure tamper proof and also ensure that
electoral frauds do not happen in the process. There would be
no conflict in the process for calculating and declaring result.

X. REFERENCES
st
[1] The Hindu Business Line published on October 21 , 2019
https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/engineering-
students-develop-blockchain-backed-online-voting-
system/article29758617.ece
[2] Investing.com published on October 21st, 2019
https://www.investing.com/news/cryptocurrency-news/indian-
university-students-create-blockchainbased-system-for-online-voting-
2000438
[3] Inc42.com published on 24th October, 2019
https://inc42.com/buzz/will-telanganas-student-made-voting-system-
powered-by-blockchain-put-an-end-to-evm-controversies/
[4] Cryptobitmedia.com published on 23rd October, 2019
https://cryptobit.media/en/news/other/2568/
[5] Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoin- A peer to peer Electronic cash system
[6] DR.Gavin Wood,”Ethereum Yellow paper 2014”
[7] How online voting works.usatoday.com
[8] Wikipedia: The free Encyclopedia, Technical Web link:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_encryption
[9] Gurchetan S Grewal, Mark D Ryan, Sergiu Bursuc, Peter Y A Ryan.
Caveat Coercitor: coercion-evidence in electronic voting. 34th IEEE
Symposium on Security and Privacy, 2013
[10] Government Accountability Office (May 2004) "Electronic Voting
Offers Opportunities and Presents Challenges".
[11] A.Gupta, I. Wormsbecker, and C. Williamson, Experimental
Evaluation of TCPPerformance in Multi-Hop Wireless Ad Hoc
Networks,‖ Proc. IEEE MASCOTS 2004, Volendam, The
Netherlands, 4–8 Oct. 2004, pp. 3–11.
[12] H. Singh and S. Singh, Energy Consumption of TCP Reno, Newreno,
and SACK in Multi-Hop Wireless Networks, ‖ACM SIGMETRICS
Perf. Evaluation Rev., vol. 30, no. 1, June 2002, pp. 206-216.
[13] Chip Craig J. Mathias Principal, Farpoint Group COMNET 2003
Wireless Security: Critical Issues and Solutions‖ 29 January 2003
[14] Sandra Kay Miller Facing the Challenge of Wireless Security‖ July
2001
[15] T. L. Singal, Wireless Communications, ISBN: 9780070681781, First
Edition, Tata-McGraw Hill Education, 2010.