Rotation of Aerial RGB Images

Because the plots were north aligned (hence, not perpendicular to the plane),
initially the cropped aerial images were surrounded by a black hallow (Figure 3D).
To remove the hallow, the orthomosaic was rotated perpendicular to the plane in
ArcGIS before rows were cropped as shown in Figure 3E. If using an unrotated
orthomosaic, the black hallows around each .jpeg extracted image introduced error
to the data. For example, the mean values of intensity, hue, saturation, lightness,
a∗, b∗, u∗, v∗, GA, GGA, and CSI changed from 0.15, 67.24, 0.24, 16.93, −6.36,
19.80, −0.47, 9.75, 0.29, 0.08, and 75.98, respectively, for the oblique images to
0.37, 67.20, 0.24, 43.87, −9.30, 23.99, −1.46, 27.17, 0.68, 0.18, and 78.30 on the
rotated perpendicular images.

Statistical Analysis
Correlation
The association between plant wilting and the RGB color indices was assessed from
the Pearson’s correlation matrix using Proc CORR in Statistical Analysis Software
(SAS) 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, United States). ANOVA from Proc GLM in SAS
9.4 was used to evaluate the effect of plant wilting on pod yield, and yield means
corresponding to the wilting scores 0–5 were separated using Fisher’ s least
significant difference (LSD) at 5% probability.