Figure 4.

Progression of leaf wilting and soil volumetric water content (average of

0–30 cm depth) throughout the growing season. The x-axis represents weeks after
planting (WAP); planting was done on May 17, 2018. The y-axis on the left
represents soil moisture measured using a Delta-T HH2 moisture meter, and the right
side is leaf wilting scored by visual estimation. The moisture meter was placed in
one check plot per replication having genotype “Wynne,” and the soil moisture
values are an average of all three replications. The wilting values are an average
of all genotypes over three replications. Low soil moisture stress was artificially
induced from 8 to 14 WAP. The gray shaded area represents the plots being covered
by rainout shelters. Wilting scores above 2 (2 inclusive) were used as threshold
for binary wilting score (turgid/wilted).

Figure 5. Mean peanut pod yield (y-axis) from peanut plots subjected to various
degrees of leaf wilting (x-axis). The wilting scores were from 0 to 5, 0 being the
healthy plant and 5 being the most wilted. The bars with same letters on the top
are not significantly different using Fisher’s LSD at α = 0.05.

RGB Color Indices and Relationships With Leaf Wilting

The wilting score corresponding to the proximal images collected on August 3 and 15
ranged from 0 to 3, whereas the scores corresponding to aerial images taken on
August 30 ranged from 0 to 5. Overall, wilting was significantly correlated with
all proximally and aerially derived RGB color indices (Table 3), but the greatest
association (p < 0.0001) was for hue angle (r = −0.67, −0.66), a∗ (r = 0.70, 0.77),
u∗ (r = 0.70, 0.74), GA (r = −0.61, −0.96), GGA (r = −0.68, −0.64), and CSI (r =
0.65, 0.63) (Table 3).