NAGA COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.

M.T. Villanueva Avenue, Naga City

BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Junior High School

TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION

COMPUTER 7
ALYSSA B. AQUINO
Subject Teacher, TLE-Computer 7
 MODULE 2: COMPUTER AND
ITS COMPONENTS

INTRODUCTION

In our previous lesson, we’ve studied about the meaning of computer, its different types
and its characteristics. We say that computer is a programmable electronic device that can
store, retrieve and process data. It is electronic because it needs electricity to run and it is
human dependent. We also learn about the three types of computers which are Large Scale
Computers, Personal Computers and Embedded Computers. We also learn about the several
characteristics of computers that have made them so powerful and universally useful.

In this lesson, we will now learn about the four basic units of computer and its function.
We will also identify the different devices on each unit and we will learn how computer
performs irrespective of its size and make. Let’s go ahead!

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, the learners are able to:

✓ Understand the four basic units of computer;

✓ Classify the different devices in each unit; and
✓ Create a drawing on how computer works.

TLE-COMPUTER Q1 WEEK 1 & 2 S/Y 2021 – 2022

 BASIC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER

A computer system consists of four basic units namely: input, output, storage and central
processing unit.

1. Input Unit – this is used to enter data and programs into the computer system for
processing.

2. Storage Unit – the storage unit is used for storing data and instructions before and after
processing.

3. Central Processing Unit (CPU) – it performs two operations which is arithmetic and logical
operations. The central processing unit takes the data and instructions from the storage
unit and makes all sorts of calculations based on the instructions given and the type of
data provided.

4. Output Unit – the output unit is used to display the information produced by the computer
after processing.

CLASSIFICATION OF DIFFERENT COMPUTER DEVICES

A. INPUT DEVICES

An input device is any device that provides input to computer. There are many input devices,
but the two most common ones are keyboard and mouse.

1. Keyboard – set of keys: array of keys in a row

or rows used for operating something such as
a computer.

TLE-COMPUTER Q1 WEEK 1 & 2 S/Y 2021 – 2022

 2. Mouse – computer controlling device: a handheld
input device with control buttons that is moved across a
pad to control the movement of a cursor on a computer
screen or is clicked to transmit instructions.

B. OUTPUT DEVICES

Output device receives information from the CPU and presents it to the user in the desired
form. The processed data, stored in the memory of the computer is sent to the output unit,
which then converts it into a form that can be understood by the user. The output is usually
produced in one of the two ways – on the display device, or on a paper (hard copy).

1. Monitor – computer display device: it is an output device that

resembles the television screen. It is also a video device that
displays data or images generated by a computer or terminal.

2. Printer – machine for printing computer data: a device that

produces computer-generated text or graphics on paper
(commonly known as hard copy), transparencies, or similar
data.

C. STORAGE DEVICES

Storage device also known as computer’s memory can be classified into two types which is
primary and secondary memory.

Primary Memory

1. RAM – Random Access Memory: a place in computer

where operating system, application programs and data in
current use are kept temporarily so that they can be
accessed by the computer’s processor. It is said to be
volatile since its contents are accessible only as long as the
computer is on.

TLE-COMPUTER Q1 WEEK 1 & 2 S/Y 2021 – 2022

 2. ROM – Read Only Memory: is a special type of memory which
can only be read and contents of which are not lost even when
the computer is switched off.

Secondary Memory

1. Hard Disk Drive – made of metal disk sealed in a box. It is

permanently part of the computer where data and
programs are saved.

2. Flash Drive – a small electronic device containing flash memory that

is used for storing data or transferring it to or from a computer.

D. PROCESSING DEVICES

Processing devices are the components responsible for the processing of information within
the computer system.

1. CPU – Central Processing Unit: it is the electronic circuitry

within a computer that executes instructions that make
up a computer program.

2. GPU – Graphics Processing Unit: it is designed to rapidly

manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of
image. It is very efficient at manipulating computer graphics
and image processing.

TLE-COMPUTER Q1 WEEK 1 & 2 S/Y 2021 – 2022

 3. Motherboard – also called circuit board, and
system board: is the main printed circuit
board that holds and allows communication
between many of the crucial electronic
components of the computer system.

COMPUTERS’ FIVE MAJOR OPERATIONS OR FUNCTIONS

1. It accepts data or instructions as input.

2. It stores data and instruction.
3. It processes data as per instructions
4. It controls all operations inside a computer.
5. It gives result in the form of output.

REFERENCES

Computer and Its Components by National Institute of Open Schooling

http://oer.nios.ac.in/wiki/index.php/COMPUTER_AND_ITS_COMPONENTS

TLE-COMPUTER Q1 WEEK 1 & 2 S/Y 2021 – 2022