CHEE2001

Process Principles

Week 4
Tutorials for week 4 – online delivery

Tutorial 1: Zoom meeting for Week 4 worksheet exercises.

Tutorial 2: Zoom meeting on worksheet exercises, Project 1,

Assignment 2

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 Some reaction definitions (from lecture)
Limiting and excess reactants : The limiting reactant in a chemical reaction is the substance that is
totally consumed when the chemical reaction is complete. The limiting reactant is present in less
than stoichiometric proportion relative to other reactants. The other reactants are called excess
reactants.
% Excess reactants: The % excess of a reactant is:
(actual reactant flow - stoichiometric/ theoretical requirement) / theoretical requirement * 100

Fractional conversion. Chemical reactions do not take place instantaneously; often they proceed
slowly and it is common for some feed to pass through a reactor unreacted. We express the
fractional conversion of a reactant as mole reacted/ mole fed to system.

Extent of reaction/ rate of reaction R. In simple terms, this term is used to quantify how far a
reaction has proceeded. In CHEE2001, extent is typically expressed in moles and rate of reaction in
mole/ time.
CHEE2001
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CRICOS code 00025B
 Mass balancing with reactions
F1 F2
Reactor Feed
A Reactor C Reactor Product
B R D

A+B→C+D
-1 -1 +1 +1

With reactions in the system, Generation and Consumption do not equal 0.

The general balance equation for a system with reaction:

Accumulation = Input - Output + Rs

Where R is the rate of reaction and s is the stoichiometric coefficient.
CHEE2001
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CRICOS code 00025B
Worksheet Q1: Mole/ mass conversions
How many of the following are found in 15.0 kmol of benzene (C6H6)?
MW (C6H6) = 78 g/mol

a) kg C6H6 a) 1,170
b) mol C6H6 b) 15,000
c) lb-mole C6H6 c) 33.1
d) mol C d) 90,000
e) mol H e) 90,000
f) gC f) 1,080,000
g) gH g) 90,000
h) molecules of C6H6 h) 9.03x1027

Look at Test Yourself questions in textbook Chap 4

 Worksheet Q2. Reaction definitions
Feed Product
Reactor
A = 100 mol A = 10 mol
B
B = 300 mol
C

Consider the reaction A + 2B →C.

Suppose 100 mol of A and 300 mol of B are fed to a batch
reactor. The final product contains 10 mol of A.

Calculate Answers:
1. The limiting reactant A
2. The % excess of the other reactant (300-200)/200 = 50%
3. The fractional conversion of A (100-10)/100 = 0.9
4. The extent of the reaction 100 – 10 = 90 mol
Worksheet Q3. Dehydrogenation of Ethane - mass balance with reaction

100 kmol/min of ethane (C2H6) enters a reactor. The products are 40 kmol/min
hydrogen (H2), an unknown amount of ethylene (C2H4) and some unreacted ethane.
Determine the unknown flow rates (using the full systematic mass balance
approach).
Consider reaction: C2H6 →C2H4 + H2

Method:
1. Draw a fully labelled flowchart
2. Do DOF analysis
3. Write out General mass balance, assumptions and simplified mass balance
4. Write balance and other equations
5. Solve and communicate answer
Dehydrogenation of Ethane - layout with mole flows

Ethane 1 Reactor 2
Mixer
R E2
E1 = 100 kmol/min
L2
H2= 40 kmol/min

R Legend
C2H6 C2H4 + H2 Ex Ethane flow kmol/min
Lx Ethylene kmol/min
-1 +1 +1
Hx Hydrogen kmol/min
DOF Analysis x Stream number
# unknowns = 3 (E2 , L2, R)
# component bal = 3 (E, L, H)
DOF =0 therefore can be solved
 Dehydrogenation of Ethane – mass balances
General Mass Balance (GMB):
Accumulation = Input – Output + Generation – Consumption

Assumptions: Steady state, one reaction only

Simplified GMB: 0 = Input – Output + R ó

Component Balances: 1 2
E: 0 = 100 - E2 - R Reactor
L: 0 = 0 - L2 + R E1 = 100 kmol/min R E2
H: 0 = 0 - 40 + R L2
H2= 40 kmol/min
Solving:
R = 40 kmol/min C2H6 C2H4 + H2
L2 = 40 kmol/min
E2 = 60 kmol/min
 Worksheet Q4. Oxidation of ethylene
The oxidation of ethylene to produce ethylene oxide proceeds
according to the equation
2C2H4 + O2 →2C2H4O
The feed to a reactor contains 100 kmol/h C2H4 and 100 kmol/h O2.

1. Which reactant is limiting? 1. Ethylene

2. What is the percentage excess of the other reactant? 2. 100%
3. If the reaction proceeds to completion, how much of the excess 3. 50 kmol/h O2, 100 kmol/h
reactant will be left; how much C2H4O will be formed; and what is the C2H4O, 50 kmol/h
rate of reaction?
4. If the reaction proceeds to a point where the fractional conversion of 4. 50 kmol/h Ethylene, 75 kmol/h
the limiting reactant is 50%, how much of each reactant and product is O2, 50kmol/h C2H4O, 25 kmol/h
present at the end, and what is the rate of reaction?
5. If the reaction proceeds to a point where 60 kmol of O2 is left, what is 5. 0.8, 0.4, 40 kmol/h
the fractional conversion of C2H4? The fractional conversion of O2? The
rate of reaction?
CHEE2001
Process Principles

Week 5