Ecology

1. The word ecology is a Greek word

2. Eco means home or place to live
3. Logy means study
4. Autecology deals with single species
5. Synecology deals with many species
6. Species is a group of interbreeding populations which
>>>>produce fertile offspring
>>>>Are reproductively isolated from other such groups.
7. Group of organisms of same species living in same area at
same time is called population.
8. Mixture of populations of different species found in a
defined area.
9. By interact we means affect each other population
dynamics.
10. In many ways, the plant community is an abstraction.
11. Association refers to a particular community type e.g.
oak hickory found in many places with specific species
composition and physiognomy.
12. Formation originally used to refer to a large regional
climax community.
13. The word ecology described as a sociological unit of
every degree by American ecological society.
14. A stand is a local area treated as a unit for the
purpose of describing vegetation.
15. Phanerophytes buds on aerial shoot
16. Chamaephytes buds near ground surface.
17. Hemicryptophytes buds at the ground surface.
18. Geophytes buds beneath the ground.
19. Helophytes submerged rhizomes.
20. Hydrophytes buds in water.
21. Therophytes no buds.
22. Epiphytes grow on other plants.
23. Hydrophytes include submerged, floating, and
amphibious plants.
24. Mesophytes include sun and shade plants.
25. Clements views closed communities.
26. Gleason’s challenge open communities.
27. Ecotones are boundary areas.
28. Modern synthesis middle b. w Gleason and Clements.
29. Holistic concept community is a super organism
who’s functioning and organization can be appreciated
only when we consider its place in nature as a whole
entity.
30. Physiognomy means life style of a species.
31. Community attributes are qualitative and
quantitative.
32. A specific role a species plays in the environment is
called as niche.
33. The region of earth which can support life is called as
biosphere. Composed of fresh water, air, land and salt
water. The highest level of organization.
34. Biome is the large climatic region.
35. The gradual process of change of species in
community is called succession.
36. Primary succession is the formation of species where
no life exist earlier.
37. Secondary succession is the formation of new species
where life exist earlier.
38. Pioneer species are those from which succession
starts. They occur in primary succession.
39. Climax communities occur in secondary succession
and its final seral stage.
40. The number of species per unit area is called as
richness.
41. The distribution of individuals among species is called
as evenness.
42. A combination of richness and evenness is called as
Diversity.
43. Measure of the amount of species is called
abundance.
44. The portion of the abundance allotted to each species
is called relative abundance.
45. The number of species in generally a small area is
called Alpha diversity.
46. The number of unique units not shared by two areas
are known beta diversity. Plant communities in landscape.
Ecological gradient. Between diversity.
47. The number of species across a very large area such
as biome or a continent is called as gamma diversity.
48. The ability of community to return to its original state
of quickly following displacement is called resilience.
49. Capacity of a system to absorb a disturbance without
fundamental changes to its characteristic processes and
feedbacks.
50. The ability to avoid displacement is called as
resistance.