Section: 43

Part-1:

1) Ans: The First Indian War of Independence occurred in 1857.

2) Ans: Mangal Pandey was an Indian soldier who played a significant role in the 1857
revolt.
4) Ans: The marriage of Hindu widows was legalized in 1856.
5) Ans: Causes of Indian revolt written by Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan.
6) Ans: The head of the Bangla Department at the College of Fort William was William
Carey.
7) Ans: The All India National Congress party was formed in 1885.
8) Ans: The main goal of the Swadeshi Movement was to
9) Ans: The annulment of the partition of Bengal was announced in 1905 the statement is
true.
10) Ans: The Simla Deputation was led by Indian Muslim leaders. Aga Khan and Nabar Ali
Chowdhury were the key leaders.
11) Ans: Syed Ismail Hossain Siraji authored the book titled Waves of Fires (Anal Probaho)

Part-2:

Ans to the Question No:1

The Revolt of 1857 started at Barrackpur in charge of the leadership of Mangal Pandey on 29
March 1857 and this revolt soon spread throughout Meerut, Delhi, and many other parts of India.
Mangal Pandey was an Indian brave Soldier who played a significant role in this revolt. This
revolt lasted about a year but it was unsuccessful. It was initiated by Bangla sepoys in the Bengal
against the British officers.

The Revolt of 1857 is regarded as the First Indian Independence movement or war of
independence. There were many causes of this revolt. Among them, there were four major
causes of this revolt. Which was basically based on political, economic, military, and social
causes. The farmers were forced to pay high taxes and those who were unable to pay the taxes
has to surrender their lands. Then the Indian sepoys were paid less than other sepoys and they
were always discriminated. There are also many social causes like the British authorities extinct
Sati pratha, child marriage, and encouraged widow remarriage which was a great threat at that
time to Indian tradition. Now let us talk about the impact of this revolt. This revolt of 1857 was
unsuccessful but it surely created a vast impact on India. The major impact was the abolishment
of the British East India Company where this company ruled India directly. Another impact that
was created was to build unity and patriotism among the nation. People from every class were
actively involved. The media also played a great role in this revolt. This revolt mainly helped
Indians to educate themselves and thinking stuff rationally rather than be influenced by others
and also be aware of the government policies. The revolt was a failure though it was an
extraordinary event in Indian history against a powerful and organized enemy. There were many
reasons why this revolt was a failure. Like lack of unity, Poorly organized, the base was very
narrow. It was not widespread and confined in less territories. Then lack of proper arms and
equipment lastly lack of unified vision and ideology also a great leadership.

In conclusion, The revolt made a great impact in India but it failed due to few reasons. This
revolt also changed many things.The causes of this revolt was also there. The discrimination of
peasants and farmers. Though the revolt failed to achieve the desired goal, it sowed the seeds of
Indian nationalism.

Ans to the Question No 2

The Aligarh Movement was introduced by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. He launched Islamic
Renaissance through his Aligarh Movement. This movement introduced a new trend in the
history of literature. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan wanted to improve his relationship with the British
and the positions of Muslims in their eyes. This movement was started in 1875 at Aligarh. The
main purpose of this movement was to express the grievances and points of view of Indians to
the British Parliament.

Sir Syed Ahmed wanted to achieve two goals through this movement. Firstly, he wanted to
minimize all grounds of animosity which the Muslims were likely to harbor against the British.
Secondly, he wanted to remove all doubts from the British mind that Muslims were not likely to
be loyal to the British because their religion did not permit them to adopt such an attitude. The
Muslims were in dangerous places due to the revolt of 1857. So, Sir Syed Ahmed wanted to play
well with the British since Indians were very good in their eyes and they were getting good stuff
from the British. Syed Ahmed wanted Muslims to remain loyal to the British and not participate
in any kind of anti-British movements. By this movement, he also ensured that Muslims get
western educations like equipping themselves with English education. He also established the
Anglo-Oriental College in 1875 which later became the well-known Muslim University of
Aligarh. One of the major contributions of Aligarh movement was the defense of Urdu language.
Urdu emerged as a full-fledged language during the rule of the Muslims in India and it had all
the effects of Islam and Islam history. But the Hindus tried to replace it by their own language.
During this movement and after this movement Sir Syed Aligarh platform tried to counter the
anti-urdu aggression and remained successful in keeping Urdu alive.

In therefore,Syed Ahmad Khans Aligarh movement played a very significant role in bringing
intellectual revolution among the Indian Muslims. It was successful. The quality of education
progress and literature were also made sure throughout this movement. Sir Syed also completed
his goal with this movement.