Course Outline

Course Title: Introduction to Logic Course No: BS (A/F): GEN209

Class: BS (A/F), BS (Commerce) Course No: BS (Commerce): GEN209
B.Com (Annual System) B.Com (Annual System): Part I, Paper IX

Course Objectives

Logic is a science of all thinkable states of affairs. However, it is a discipline without subject matter. It means that it studies
the relation among propositions to discover valid forms of argument. So it improves the capability of reasoning. With the
knowledge of logic students can demarcate valid and fallacious arguments as well as they become habitual of critical
thinking.

Following are the objectives of the course.

1. To improve the reasoning ability of the students.

2. To make students capable to demarcate fallacious and valid arguments.
3. To introduce to students application of logic in administrative sciences.
4. To develop decision making ability based on logical reasoning, which is crucial pre- requisite for successful managers.
There will be practical exercises with the theoretical introduction to the topics.

Section Topic Source

Introduction to Philosophy & Logic Ch 1, Book 2
Historical Introduction to Logic
Aristotelian Logic
Modern Mathematical/ Symbolic Logical
Recent Developments in Logic Ch 1, Book 1
Modal Logic
Fuzzy Logic
Free Logic

Critical Thinking Ch 1, Book 4

Critical Thinking and Validity of Thought

Basic Logical Concepts Ch 1, Book 2

Proposition & Sentence Ch 1, Book 3
Proposition & its Analysis
What is an argument?
Argument Forms.
I
Argument & Non Argument Ch 1, Book 2
Well Crafted Argument Ch 1, Book 3
Premises
Deduction & Validity
Induction & Probability
Validity, Truth, Soundness, Strength, Cogency & Reasoning. Ch 1, Book
Three Basic Functions of Language 2
Forms of Discourse Ch 2, Book
1
Introduction to Symbolic Logic Ch 6, Book 2
Translating Statement and Punctuation
Negation, Conjunction & Disjunction
Conditional Statement & Implication Ch 6, Book 2
Material Equivalence & Logical Ch 8, Book 3
Equivalence
 Section Topic Source
Argument Forms Ch 8, Book 3
Some Common Valid Argument Forms Ch 5, Book 3
Some Common Invalid Argument Forms
Categorical Proposition & Classes
Quality, Quantity and Distribution
Paradox, Dilemma & Fallacy Ch 5 & 6, Book 3
General Schema of Standard Form
Categorical Proposition
II
Standard Form Categorical Syllogisms
Major, Minor & Middle terms
Mood
Figure

Method of Deduction Ch 7, Book 2

Formal Proof of Validity

Proof of Invalidity Ch 9, Book 3

Introduction to Quantification Theory Ch 10, Book 3
Quantification
Traditional Subject – Predicate Proposition
III
Nature of Inductive Argument Ch 9, Book 2
Science & Induction
Argument by Analogy Ch 11, Book 3
Refutation by Analogy

Recommended Text:
1. Restall, G. (2006). Logic: An Introduction, Taylor & Francis Group, New York.
2. Herley, P.J. (2003). A Concise Introduction to Logic, Woods worth /Thomason Learning Incorporation, Belmont.
3. Copi, I.M. (2002) Introduction to Logic, (11th edition) Pearson Education Inc, Delhi.
4. Vaughn, L. (2005) The Power of Critical Thinking, Oxford University
 MODEL PAPER FOR B.COM PART 1
ANNUAL EXAMINATION SYSTEM 2009 & ONWARDS
INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC

SUBJECTIVE PART TIME ALLOWED = 90 MINUTES MAX MARKS = 45

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
 This paper comprises of 3 Sections.
 Attempt ONLY ONE question from each section
 Each question carries 15 marks.

SECTION-I

Q. 1) Write an introductory note on logic and its branches: induction and deduction.
Q. 2) Use truth table to decide the truth value of following argument.

SECTION-II

Q. 3) Construct the formal proof of validity of following argument.

Q. 4) Construct the proof of invalidity of the following argument.

SECTION-III

Q. 5) Construct the formal proof of validity of following argument.

Q. 6) Construct the formal proof of validity of the following argument, in each case using the suggested notations:
No gamblers are happy. Some idealists are happy. Therefore some idealists are not gamblers. (Gx, Hx, Ix)
 MODEL PAPER FOR B.COM PART 1
ANNUAL EXAMINATION SYSTEM 2009 & ONWARDS
INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC
OBJECTIVE PART TIME ALLOWED = 30 MINUTES MAX MARKS = 30
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
 This paper comprises 30 MCQs.
 Each MCQ carries 1 mark.
 Encircle the correct option only.
 Cutting, overwriting and use of ink remover is not allowed.

1) ……………….. is group of statements that have common e)

conclusion. 8) ……………….. is collection of all objects that have some
a) Proposition specified characteristics in common
b) Argument a) Set
c) Fallacy b) Class
d) Thought c) Sentence
2) ……………….. is founder of logic d) Proposition
a) Aristotle 9) A syllogism can be tested through ……………….. diagram
b) Al Farabi technique
c) Allama Iqbal a) Modern
d) Kant b) Traditional
3) ……………….. argument has probable conclusion c) Venn
a) Inductive d) Bool
b) Deductive 10) A fallacy is ……………….. argument
c) Syllogistic a) True
d) Fallacious b) False
4) ……………….. is sentence that contains information that c) Valid
can be accepted or denied d) Invalid
a) Question 11) Quantification is symbolization of inner structure of
b) Proposition ………………..
c) Counter-example a) Diagram
d) symbol b) Argument
5) Founder of modern logic is ……………….. c) Truth
a) Plato d) Proposition
b) C A Qadir 12) ……………….. is a symbol used as a place holder for an
c) Frege individual constant
d) Mill a) Propositional function
6) In squire of opposition if proposition A is true then b) Simple predicate
proposition E is ……………….. c) Individual constant
a) True d) Individual variable
b) False 13) ……………….. is the symbol of Universal Quantifier
c) Undermined
d) Determined a)
7) Categorical propositions are of ……………….. kinds b)
a) Two
b) Four c)
c) Five
d) Eight d)
14) Science is based on ……………….. argument
a) Deductive
b) Fallacious
c) Inductive
d) Certain
15) Science starts from ………………..
a) Problem
b) Hypothesis
c) Thinking
d) Theory
NOTE: Only 15 MCQ’s (5 MCQ’s from each section) are provided for specimen purposes. Actual paper will
comprise 30 MCQ’s (10 MCQ’s from each section)