y Mineral ID Key “Abbreviations used: H= hardness; ‘pearly right angles; H=6 [amcond| pearly right angles, cleavage planes show sviations; HO L=vitreous; transparent 10 translucent; bexagonal crystals; Het; F = conchoidal Levitreous; milly-white color; He7 C= Cleavage; F= facture; L= luster; Flesb-Colored, C2 planes at Ortboclase Feldspar. Gray wo White, C= 2 plmes at _ | Plapioclase Feldspar Quarts Milky Quartz |L= vitreous; Color = various ‘shades of green, yellowish; H™ 65-7 I; Non-metallic light colored ‘Coloriess 10 white; salty taste; C= cubic 7 “White, yellow, to colorless; H= 35 C= rhombobedral “White to transparent; H= 2; occurs in flexible plates [soncanal| Greco vo white; soapy feel; H= 2 ‘Colorless 10 Tight yellow; transparent in thin sbeas; C='1 ceacgllent plane; occurs as castle plates: ‘C= fibrous; greca to white color White, yellow, purple, green: C= octahedral; H= 4 ‘White; earthy odor when damp; F = conby; H#2 Green 10 white; soapy feel; H= 1 Rose Quart Gypsum Tale ‘Muscovite MicaBlock; H= 5-6; C=2 planes at early 90 degrees ‘Black: H= 5-6; C= 2 planes at out 60 degrees. Augite Shows Cleavage |-planes-at nearly right-augiess——] Hard (Scratches Gless) striations on cleavage planes Bornblende Plagiodase ‘Hexagonal prisms: triangular pane of rations on bess fae B= 3; ri color is gray, brown, or blue-pray c Red to red-brown; H= 65.7.5; facrare resembles a poor elevate; trite Garnet Gry to grey Bhd L = viteous; B= 7 Il: Non-metallic, Dark colored Jasper, Quartz ‘Brown to Blsck; C=] exceDent planes thin plates are elastic Shows Cleavage ‘atk green to greca-thack = 2— 2.5; $= wt; slippery fk, C~ platy = = ‘No Cleavage se ‘Black erongly magnetic, B= 6 Chlorite Sofi (does not scratch glass) [Lead-pencl Hack: smudges fingers ‘when handled: 1 Bleck geen black | meets Cee or dark green streak Brass-yellow H = 35-4; usoisbes 0 ‘THI: Metallic Luster "Yellow-brown to dark brown, may be almost black; H= 6 ‘Yellow, brown, or white steak ‘Cleavage faces common; L = rexinows color = yellow-brown; H= 35-4; S= ‘ite 1 pale yellowMohs Scale of Hardness Hardness Mineral Simple Test 1 Tale Fingemail scraiches it easily 2 Gypsum Fingernail scratches it 3 Calcite Copper penny just scratches it 4 Fluorite Steel nail scratches it easily 3 Apatite ‘Steel nail seratches it 6 Feldspar Steel nail doesn’t scratch it easily: it scratches glass 7 Quartz Hardest common mineral; it scratches steel and glass easily 8 Topaz Harder than any common mineral 9 Corindum It scratches Topaz 10 Diamond Hardest of all mineralsIgneous Rock Dichotomous Key 1A. Igneous rock is extrusive (fine grained) and vesicular- go to 2 B. Igneous rock is not vesicular- go to 3 . Igneous rock is porphyritic- go to 9 2A, Igneous rock has a low mass and is glassy or frothy- Pumice B. Igneous rock has a dark red to reddish-brown color- Scoria . Igneous rock does not have a low mass- Vesicular Basalt 3A, Igneous rock has a glassy texture- Obsidian B. Igneous rock does not have a glassy texture- go to 4 4A, Igneous rock is extrusive (with either very small crystals or is fragmental)- go to 5 B, Igneous rock is intrusive- go to 7 5A. Igneous rocks light colored- Rhyolite lgneous rock is light colored and is fragmental with angular fragments- Breccia lgneous rock is light colored and is fragmental with small, rounded fragments- Volcanic Tuff Igneous rock is not light colored- go to 6 Igneous rock is intermediate colored- Andesite . Igneous rock is not intermediate colored, but is dark to black- Basalt 6 c D. 6 A 8 a ‘A. Igneous rock is Intrusive and light colored- Granite B, Igneous rock is intrusive and NOT light colored- go to 8 8. A 8 9% A 8 c \- Igneous rock is intrusive and intermediate colored- Monzonite Igneous rock is intrusive and dark colored, may have a greenish tint (has olivine)- Gabbro Igneous rock is a light colored porphyry- Rhyolite Porphyry Igneous rock is an intermediate colored porphyry- Andesite Porphyry . Igneous rock is dark to black colored porphyry- Basalt Porphyry Vocabulary Vesicular-full of holes due to escaping gas Intrusive- environment of formation is inside to earth, rock has a coarse grained texture Extrusive- environment of formation is outside the earth, rock has a fine grained texture Porphyritic- Has crystals of two distinctly different sizes Fragmental- Made of fragments blown out from a volcanoet Light Color _ a> Nie, Go, Prk Intermediate Color D>] aac anetgh ests ‘Bark green to Black Dark Color > ma TRUSTe zat SRTUSWe Frac- MENTAL Light Color HB>[ wns, Gray i ig ca FELSITE | Intermediate Color -3>| ,Dark rey pial b> Dark Color aaa Dark gray to black > Prenoaysts oF Light Cotor >| ga id Intermediate Color 9] amphiboit andjor [>| Bogecise Dark Color [>] Pence of Black, red, brown b> sesizaenraress|-> [Orson | wien PEE Dark Color aaa and ight waht PP] Beck, brown red >] Dark Color P| Black, gmyto [>| and heavy Brosh [hay goton [sgn pen Vorcanic ToFF volcanic fragments —_—— cemented together >a Sper ho Votenae‘Sedimentary Rocks Dichotomous Key a. Rock is composed of fragments and/or has a fossil and is therefore clastic, go to #2, 1b, Rock is either brown to black, made of shells or fossils, or fizzes with dilute HCI, and is therefore organic- go to #5 ‘Lc. Rock is neither and either fizzes or looks different than the two above. It may be chemical- go to #8 2a, Made of rock or mineral particles larger than sand-sized- go to #3 2b. Particles sand-sized or smaller- go to #4 3a. Mostly rounded particles (pebbles) in a matrix of smaller materials - Conglomerate 3b, Particles are mostly angular ~ Breccia 4a, Particles are sand sized and it scratches glass- Quartz Sandstone 4b, Particles are smaller than sand sized, but can be seen with a magnifying glass; may have ripple marks or mud cracks- Siltstone 4c. Particles are too small to see even with a magnifying glass, may contain fossils- Shale 5a. Organic: Effervesces (fizzes) in dilute Hydrochloric acid -- Go to 6 5b. Does not effervesce in acid ~ Go to7 6a. Composed of visible shell fragments ~ Coquina 6b. Soft, can be scratched with fingernail Chalk 7a. Dense, shiny black, low specific gravity (density) ~ Bituminous coal 7b. Tan, Brown to black, may be layered, composed of very small fragments- Shale 82, Chemical: Does not fizz-go to. 9 8b. Fizzes, go to 10 ‘9a. Cubic crystals, salty taste (but don’t taste our samples)- Rock salt ‘9b. Waxy luster (“creamy” appearance], scratches glass, white to medium gray or red orangy- Chert 9. Cleavage in one direction, hardness of 2, white to transparent- Rock Gypsum 10a. Effervesces (fizzes) strongly- Limestone 10b. Effervesces a very small amount- Dolomite 10¢, Brownish in color, looks like it originated in water, may have pores- TravertineDO NOT React With Acid React With Dilute HC! Key to THE IpenniFicaTion OF Basic SEDIMENTARY Rocks powd ad fa react — Angular oan > Gravel Gcins [> Gm Rounded a ait Gavel Gains [>> or rock feels gi as 4 Gas dane Samadi} foc [but stil visible a riee Fy tak carn see |—p[ Sur | aricls even win ic scon2 scrhes nga reaily oe Conchoial race ok iL >| ye Fa he tall si rany cos Caert gem often layered Black, light weight] smudgy or shiney odaantana Rock Sa: White, pink, clear eae — (HaLITE) esta ine, ‘softer eee | than fingernail Siena ie a Gian dese eee eee eect Fine grained mart Fossit f Aremtaat oct) PY Limestone a i Tra TT broken she! tages: Pd} Coavina ‘info wih Reacts with dilute ‘Miniature spheres about Tan Oouttic irochlorle in ameter, ke iy pears; |} erg vide oy Dan pa orn Limestone| a FEE ‘White, powdery Caak ead Limestone| Fine grained; smooth, der hoc oncoida reas cr fg Leadville iret becky Limestone Rock must be Wust be powdered to react wih acc cl str gray, tan Dotomite white pls many ther colors Scratch Glass Softer Than GlassDICHOTOMOUS KEY TO THE METAMORPHIC ROCKS. Metamorphic rocks consist of the altered remains of pre- existing rocks and minerals. Therefore, some of the same identification properties learned during the previous labs will apply during this lab, For ‘example, if a rock effervesces (fizzes) with dilute HCL, then it most likely is the product of an altered parent rock that contains calcite (remember which rock contains calcite?). Ifa quartzite is the product of altered quartz sandstone, then most likely it will scratch glass. Once again you will be using similar methods to identify the metamorphic racks as you have the previous two rock labs and as always you will be identifying these rocks on the next test. The primary classification for metamorphic rocks is by texture and whether they are foliated or non-foliated. You are also responsible for identifying the parent rock for each metamorphic product using the other identification sheet from your packet. 4a. Foliated (minerals oriented in parallel or sub parallel arrangement- also called Ban 1b. Nonfoliated (no apparent layering) - go to 5 18) ~ go to2 2a. Visible mica fiakes or minerals segregated into bands — go to 3 2b, Fine texture, mica flakes not evident, minerals not segregated into bands — go to 4 3a, Minerals segregated into light and dark bands, coarse grained texture ~Gneiss 3b, Foliations thinner than above; scaly appearance due to mica flakes (micaceous)~ Schist 4a. Foli Slate ‘4b. Satiny appearance; foliations crenulated (wavy) ~ Phyllite ons close; rock splits along parallel plains; not sparkly or shiny, looks like shale but no fossils — 5a. Containing pebbles and granules; breaks through pebbles ~ Metaconglomerate 5b. Pebbles and granules not evident ~ go to 6 62. Crystalline; hard (scratches glass); somewhat shiny ~ Quartzite 6b. Soft (will not scratch glass) —go to 7 7a. Dense, dark-colored, looks like shale, will not effervesce in dilute acid - Hornfels 7b. Crystalline, color variable but usually white, effervesces in dilute acid - MarbleKey to Common Metamorphic Rocks Non-Foliated (Granalar) Banded int igh] legen es >| cneiss SCHIST Foliated Slatey ck ae cena || state Green shiny lsier, a be visible owes irae iy DP) > a PAYLLITE’ Limestone MARBLE Dolomitic MARBLE Softer than fingernail nea : ree ce PPSOAPSTONE Non-Foliated (Granular) Harder than fingemail Greasy feel; Fpreen, yellow >) black SERPEN- TINITE. 1 (hale), slate, and phyllite complete intergrade with each other. Distinetions may be difficult. 2 Soapstone may be weakly foliated. Scratch Glass Softer Than Glass