rs fat Tit g* Monufoctwring = gt in & procom of Gorwerting mus wateriale into a. Sirished object. ot in a proces Vale, -addition to tie Stee waar Rep ow Classification Of Manu fact ig Faroe) ee ‘> Casting Tid Fabricasion proces Gquid) i> Foret ' ° ~ 55 are : mnt . i> Matosial rumgval procens - Gastrgy eS ) Casting: XD Ze HD Additive ii) Sublmdbve Procemes « " es St iw a proem in which. molten metal Cui dL be allowed a3 7 Saldify im 9. pre dapivad mould Cavity. Afton tis solidificakion by a5 raking The mould, quired shape of tHe abjut aon be producad . a > Padloan . 2 Moulding Sand~ "D Tools- BS D Paro = 62 Mould tox” =: @ To box + Ore box Gpe py + PL The cheede mea ___| ; ‘ 5 Complax shape of th. ebject con be prduad - 4 dn a bos expawore procers: PE 5 Dil 5 ite abr eon he pr Z Dla sized obpids au be proaicd by eaoting op a : - «. Scanned with CamScanner* DGADIANTANER f= Non-uniforn Garin stare tene Sinweed = ote Tro time At Ce degen of sepenlaat (100? aso’) > Gonting objects ant. & nck having smooth sunfaes, finish « Camrnren Bs conse % SM Ho toboviou, % fime- Comauiming. process ° > Thue ts a fowsibliliy of, gee dafects in costing, (AH20 = 2M, +02) > Coding objeds ome mat having uniform rachanical propention clus to nor Gr vfoim Cooling. © Saecrion OF The Manuracturing Process BD with diponds vpon t Db the shape & Size Of Me objects - Y propeues vquira ny AL tbjedts- » Aceumey % surface. finish requietl - ® Cos of object © Parienn = db io the seplia of fit costing to be froduead wily come All pdemens Type 4 Ailouoourers } Shrinkage ot Contraction . D> Dyoft or Taper 1) Machining er Finish. ‘ 10 Shake or Rapping, Y> Dietostion of Cosnber > » Shitrkage oF Contraction allowrmnet, ‘> we Whi the Lyall maal Oo allowsel od we to solidify in ty cavity, thou o ; a porsbbty 4 aldinkage or conteschion a TKa madodad + - Scanned with CamScanner ep OE SOS OHESOE eo 6 PO SOGSHHOAOOPSSWher He Lua amdal cooling cooled from pouring to frag 4 jemp, vy et b> Yiquid shrinkage Vre phase THonafounakon, shrinks of the material to vata: shynkoge « I When “the solid caating 4 cooled from Sresig to ambit: irate, The Shrinkage, ip solid shrinkage - Lawid and solidification shrinkage con be ompawated by providing Yee RIGER: These values aru expensed 09 "7%-of shrinkage volume Sf the matoial: Solid Shainkoge con be Gmpenmtad by providing Ssinkage ollavonme on he PATTERN. hese vojpus sone. e pressed tn Aouns of “Linear dimensions”. L | J (Ty - a) —6l= teal A+8l Seared Frownat apamion coe(t. SHRINKAGE VALUES FoR DIFFERENT MATERIALS t- (Solid Shrinkoyo) D Bismuth —+ Negligible 5> Coppez —* 17 rnm/m D> While Metal —- 5 mmy/m 6) Heal —» 20 nase > Cost foo ——r 10 mm/m D Brass —r 23 wom/pm “3 » Peurriniuinn —+ 13 men/m 9 Zine —r a4 mm/r « 3 cudddidcede or Liquid avid solidification shvinkage in mraximure. for Zine Atuin! urhidh Maqui vee loge sized siser —r Total shrvinkinge © oximuny stett - i p olin > Cubiad cooking, Of 50 more 4% ond em sot amtaction of 67° thou is no rico provided What vw The final stee of th costing t a fo. gol “3 orm one] ae _ Ve abs 112800 fink * as Ube3t tom 99 9 92%, www UUs ww Scanned with CamScanner| => dn cam of [954 Tain), dua to canienmon Of (onvore oo = guaprite, flakes » Avwou in O possiblity © f, expomilorne of, the matoiat: & Dean hie one Sn solid se frou iow powibiy of & vmatadal Te ownerne tala, oe of tHe pattown com | “be et aa providing chicinki'yy allowance,» is A gy cot iron block, of dimensions. 00x 100 x10 con ee o 3 by gand moulding. « Casey mtg olin, (> Yh: Whar @ oe rao of whine ofp, ORS mg ; ° al be (eA) Sinks Voturme of paler (0042) (10041) (04 0 » @ Volurn. of casting ~ = ~~ a0 100% to ®@ ‘L “GS : = 1.03 e > i ® € ero © Davey OR, TAPER = x | | 1 i i oe cna removal of the potion from Th. mould Jo yrinimice tha continuus eondack b/g patton. & mould Surfer for ths vedic surfen Of te tina , ob J atsouna. io prove Of the PPE f safe Or Tape ° MadHINING 68, FINISHING AULDANCE ! a More. powmaskily + ore pour Scanned with CamScannerbELUU YUU v were er ~ - 7 v 3Nd8 a 5) av SSOSSOSH OOF ODIMDHO® (raking objets ou not having smodth sidan sfinith . Te yr better swaaee -finith, machining io required Dus to machining. , glee of the canting will be decrensed - To overcome this, size of eth patlom com be inereaaed by poosiching- machining allowomer oo C@ “OO Catentate The immanatows of HR gator fr The. casting chien 8 , . bo iduni chi all of Amr ch sunace: “B beter soe ning loans om each sunhocs . Po e i (50 (48) lio (38) Gating Patten got oe © SHapinlg OR RAPPING * | _ 1 1 ee as — (100-2) ore \ - adlewoe "ZZ - CASTING «PATTERN Moulding ead. will stick, to the pallou's surfoe during femnmirg « Por dmemnl Gf tee (eHow, some clearamer io sequived + 5 ~s PF quired + yyy pattem. npwld swrfoer - con be produced by Shaking of tha pation » PA to dhaking, siee of HH enwil will be increnad . Ts me this, Size of the patton con be wecueed by providing shalee Qulewonee « Ut in a ve allowoner provided On the patton. © DISTORNON OR CAMBER MLOWANE, i DsvoRDON Ree o— lV AS NE” [seooee | Scanned with CamScanner | i, are ; Popenting we the shape & shat thy ensting. » OM 40 sition ‘ny 4 : scien wy the osty Jinoar dimemions » rine io & powiblbly of distostion » v & sees 3s wring aheinkage:. hovercore. this dishoston allennce bs providid. “oppose, tot direction H, Aistetion Sw a-zex0 aplowomee. + : )- Cohculatt the Aimunsions 22 The pation. far the acting © e 4) Machining. > mn /suraea, @ B) Ghrinkage > 3% @ Wa) Shake > 1 mefewrface ¢ rial = 58.56 AAAS Sag, ® pasto - ol of PMO 59:56 U3.26 UIST yoy a Val™ of casting S09 x GOx15 fae @ @ © Parrern Materiats + = | > Wood : e ma Metals & Atloys = AL, C.T., Steals , Brass ete ‘ B> Plaoles +. Polyeterane » Foam , PVC; Themmnocole sek: Masten, pass @ . A ee € ‘ato, 5 vi] YY (wood) Double Srinkg. Alanis ® \ © Cort inom (10 rv fpn’) te @ 100 ; 1000 mm —> 10.1 peed tol GG Patou 100 mm —> 4 e Cee) ann. 3 03-02 \ 7 @ Steal (20 emn/mn’) o- 7 1000 ym —> 20 sng 6 WL P. _ wo | Y/. Cease Few) 101 ron > 208 ni ‘ 8 : ‘ 8 me a Scanned with CamScanner 233 pyegetneare 4 a ote lw ts ety Tp 7,‘ 5 7 "Expandable pation’ . " Disporat tasjou SP Using AA 5 thyeatmuad: ‘nahn . ; e Using Hg > Mexcaat tasting « . G66eGe4eGuewt © 9 Tyres OF Patten a . bd Soy a . 2 Solid ov, Single Piece :- 4} object to be pridiacad in. Simpl, in 2 - 2 9 ° 3 For. 9 Split Pies Radlow 2 - ~ 3 wf yap lll soa Pins - 2 PG? 2 5, Fee complex shaped objects, " Prag box 3 2 ie can be Split indo no. of spur Pieces olovg ts poreting Une such. they can be wuinoved from ome and > . Salen dma. boxes seperately 2 D Loose’ Piect* Pattenn :- ve Loose Piecé” Paslenn + 2 8h the ied ou having inten preins or , Undircut, loose. piece pattems con he weed: Aiton : -@ | Temoving tk main part of The patton loose peice cam > @ Temoved from the fF moulil ty ged the ‘epived cowl « = — G 4 Gated Patton + — a sition Err eos af caste by 4 Mga» production. producing of 5 —r Rina the gthing elements. manu} Got. will Jala mere time To | ; overtone ‘This, nO OL Patton Scanned with CamScanneralong -esith geting Bemunts will produce. w Single ate knavon oo geist pattern. 5) Motch Plot, Paton : | the wv ion, n> Hens «be shh oly the share HE 1 mors pi of pation: gy _ sis ws randeh ple along uit ot se, pom & sgl patton “de é eae yradche plot potteruns e > Sweep Pockls . ae * plone patios, 6 con be retake in & The mould. This @ qeeewally ued for @ axis Symmetic objec dy | To produce 3-D c Complex shape AS Ke act cote A awe @® se T Follow boond Posttenn :- : Ay tee pos ove not hour ¢ Super’ choath, dur Le aru supprated bi fora, ike is a powili | Followboand —- 2% Poss Fatleny ak anny he at A poiding Prwboard , That awit is roeeail : len en Red etary a te, per Scanned with CamScannersiti e SHEEGD Pry Net buyoney force = lb. of Liquid co6e _sond Mpulding som nd ojoric. bindue flinsesd oil, molasses ek — WE. of the come - © pMelorne of the core VgSm- VS > Ps LSe- Sec} Demy hoon Dorit of the molten Liquid mate rT) eae 9 Core pinks are AKL prijetione om the patlrwn usd to produce, a recon, in © He comity to portion te core propody. e Chali i Thane anu the mule objects wad fo cuppuit the come. i the Comily » These ane wode Mp of sam. material os casting « QA hollow coating jo fo be portused uni % ctindmtal core of 200 mn height ‘t iHome hrizendally. Lovciliy 2 yaothon, Weta '> 7800 4a fe3 , Te on arin 1600 gh Colenats ak bangoarey fora om The tore 2 S@SSEMTEOKO0 Ps E (eof 0) x10" x8} (7800~ 1600) = 21496 N- @ © paoueping sann [PRefradines Tetp'] Silica —. 70-857, ae “Zirconium > 2sdie’c, Gram 5. 3500" | es9 Additives = _1- 6.% Scanned with CamScanner_ ) Ee eed marek KO ‘a “PROPERTIES 7 be ao é : 4 Sgh femy 1. Refenctoviness == AbIbT. Of Wh moulding sand 40 joithstennd high emp e ee matal witkow fusion : the > > Pormenbiliky Ability of Ake moulding, cand to ue wt - fp escape to known a» pormrebiliy « eh by foweabibly nusrnbon: PESOS EER Ve Vol? of civ possing Som We De a! + aod em) = ava.SH = SORGM He Helghh of standard cylindical specimen. : Pe Diffounes of pressune of ain presi trmgh Be spina Co jem} A= Ceos- sectional Area The specinan ee] T= Tims takin by ain tp eseape [in] Uniform Grains hove mur povmuabililyy When compared 4 comcunotm gains: SERGE 8 Gtoortoa ‘the povmeabily of tha snouldhing bam Uf a000 om? is alocel @ to esope ineugh a stodand aiivirial sfalren for {min Qo seo ® at a proasinn of S grev/em* . go, We bona HAP Pa = WHY = sx2000 x 5.08 _ es PAT] 8 x-xx(o08)1S s flow cely “Te Ghethy fa vanasy snd te flew free), ge r = z iL trod a 3 HHOPQHNHOAO®D a DHADAG® AMM E webetscedesde $ 8 0 2 Zr of wonder 24 2751} Sa | aad ty (Pabtety & 2 3 Hooabitly ~ Abb of the mmiding ® 4 fro'nio nil the oro 4 the mould bye due to anand force» Ste portal a . rs Leseed @ a AL i do achiin the shape ste 9, mn ay Plovrbe dhe conky omd to withstand KT @y fou appind by De: Uigyld red Ke / < ef mould eonfaa, if rut ke having Buffiient- a ey Thongtly x % of soak — ‘ > 6? » % Scanned with CamScanner4 2 pe ~ ~ ~ ~? ~ ~ ~s =) ~o ~~ ~~ ~s ~s » Sh AKe moulding sand bo howtng ynnishwu, oe Win calbd Gaon Sond. ~, Attn evaporation tf thy muistue, green Sond in converted “elo Dry Sand Aptin beaming the sond dey, shill Ui rita is haw , mareheat , that will incresse, temp. of the Bond and ir ill boop. hots Rat tand io cad Hot Samd - 6 @ eS ° © > Hondnurs :- To minimize the owostion ond 4o withstand the forces 8S applied by the Liquid meal On “the mould cunjpers @ mowd’ must be hosing supticion handnis. St is a surface property . Mowd hardin No- 040100 8 Aug = 60-80 5 4 haindnws aged GE 80 dirmunsionat change can sake placs in casting» and if th és @ mre tkan 30, poumrabiliky will be decreasech * © & Adhunive Proputy :> Bord fosmastion lyiy ‘two aiffeunt madoiats « ® 1. Cohesive. Propedsy -~ Bord. forinahon bye samilan matewals . + ? apt ae ~~ ; ee ‘ Lo , Se atte peed Ol fequae, Suibidemt- Thusumal Comduckivi hj» e and 3 pspoSipaned Mrs 2 coeffidort” of, “Thounal - © pansion . 9 ES © Collaper bility 2 Abit of the moulding sand dito whin 3 e mould surface will rot provide, ony meristems due to : G SAA contraction of the cooks : >> 6 ny “> | pres “use (8 mouining san +3 : 9 ees } Collpsiltlity ond pourruabilisy- oa 6 ' Wood flour Linseed dil, Molasses hovdnass aa) ard duxtine wef Song ond s> 5 e@ 2 Coal Ara ace finish, 62> - @ 5 sm Rumer <3 © © ELEMENTS oF Gating DESIEN * > 6 a @ Sprue --} 32 & 2 | Spry, Case 41 beeen Scanned with CamScanner© Objectives ating Design into the GW aot optimum causing twrbulancs . 5) x > Kinige the gating thmunts sweh Had pos mich on be odode We conily tottheut aie aspiration effect. > Produce “the gat DOH O&M a eluminis to git maximem Orie fora ib lee 4o ren-Seefous - Founing basin & dacienal to molitn mdal whith is wihimice. emotion. @ > > ay GY AD ay i ab Spot & posts. To relia wanubeios goon ® comin as taprud caplndin | UrRaty sp 3 Sn 0 gg eyes Soe b atid to aes Spl He bai metab a aolgs. Sq resid & Assume height” 4 SPS 08 0 ems 5 gins» (alenlate. “Ht Simearions 2nd edhe — OT Scanned with CamScanner wh Ob Oy ha OOD @VDUEUULEUWS » mF 9AV / B ae = aoe 2 2.56441 my = O56" UnP/s. a 2564 - 2 a de AgVan > Aas & - SSS = = a5.88en*. 5 GEAR Mee at pears * ORES ST Q = AsVs- py Gee oo ed) . es Qe Aaly > Ags qe pee tee « U Sren Ass Edy = 1.57 > [da= 3-830" . & gating derign y height of tk. sprue & 200mm - Vélocily of Uy. & = vwctal at He begining ip 0-5 emf Whot ts Hat vel of the Gy. matol Gat He bot of tha oprur? & oe Ss hy osha he | Mar daghe & Sieeg ae whe 500 - [and ax emer, 2 = 0.2 40-0137 g 2 Vge Pevsivoa ” anos > tye hes 0, 0147. e = 20MM - : e O° GATE (wente) - : y. e Gr io He. detual entry point through which Uysid metal con be G erdoud inb The cowily - be Trees Of Gate + ’ © Top Gate (Vertile) aa © Dd fotbm Gate © 2 Parting Une Gate ® Step Gote- Ligaid stat will divecthy. entered into the cowily from bation of Ae Spru at abn, pressure. Velé of “fre liquid metal vohich ercloud into Th eps igh . Thus io a possiblily of turubwhasce © =plerky ates Geren te Need fected ce Ke Uquid mmckal > Top Gare > BHSBSoOSogn @ Scanned with CamScanner= Vey th >, y» at Aggro” ‘4 5 Fi : hn —s at gy 2 Ayn hm V3, Yq : Jagh 4 Vr0. Vm 2 = = ; — ot = Agi, Paghy AY ' ° Paar eae bes he: hs be \ ave hy = hy = 0. ers? pe 2 5.05 See ; wens Aq %4 * Trnava! Sy EsTIOM. GATE > a fomous melartals Thurs is waborte [SEE unfatiabuabl. Jonp. gmdiont hela mana tn The enw - 7 As or) tee Uq= LGC) dt. Ag Vq = Am’ dh: Wn, t=0; h-0, Aw cy whan, tty she hm? fet . ( Scanned with CamScanner@ Ya bm hy > . Ai» (TR thy o So ee ° : se] ) Gate is provided along the porting, i) > Line such. thot, below Wie pantiny ) > line, onsily com be filled by @ . asumniag top galt. and bere the : be pau. patinyh Ainwe , cuyily com be ~ Filled by ansuming bottom galt 9 S: a te ete clog both - “DF ced bottom. ole, ah in the inast comanavily and “Lipa of gpiong sytten ys © Lipid meatal con filled in the comiky within a given time without - Consing Turrboubyeet. avd splechihy : ad = - a ae sy Mie a o Fe > G Roundne tar Ante req’ fo fill the caltly along wit, afsen . - 3 - — Bison ty > ty tee v Am \ : 3 tye a + AAm NM (Th fag 2 a i > I Faghe hy fq ms > : 2 ae eanOn IO 2 5 S4Rxeixao * r . e ax% (sy iS % + US) (fo0- far) 3 5 ott bin » we con apply ax J axl : fotes tye Ate ete Gost 7s = [pF see | Ane he 4 . id fe = alta), a : 2. m8 22 fits fae] «0 me 2 3B aya | = Ay 5, [2x92 a2 c 2p fe Ty = 403+ 7 13 = Ws Mee ita Scanned with CamScanner@ ( AD Step Gare > To FU Wu mmobken Liquid mete fgfo vou a ' : Longe sind mous castion, no. of gales ame gy | Provided vedically, bo The form of steps gy sich hal Uguid vattal tur be “ e ' {adiing into the cowie, within a quer @ plodhing , huxddulencr Of Ha Uiyaisl onoial - é Test: of fluidity *- ® | D Spina Test ~~ 6 Avilily of the Liquid meat e. Xo flora into tra comity io 1 BS abled fit Lt io the Of the Uyuid mital: Ip eambe @ | dhominad by Corduching Spiral dest. atdoume tanned by. the mela @ | Mmutal before solidification by ths shundased’ spit will gic te. =| GS Vou. of Flusdity = 3 @ @e Properties OF lig.Metat] PLylprry S ¢ 39%] 1. Powning Temp f i ee [2 Viceasiby 1 ‘ @ ¢ 3. Denil 1 + © ¢ 4. Surface Finish OF Cavity}! 4 @ . 5.1. Wren in Sand _t q @ . © e ® CHoke AREA SF vw the minimum Ye, fren in all the gating = G ‘ clemunts «SF will control th flow the iy macat whic, @ ‘ ortes tao ha awit SF ve tk fist parameter to be citedatet @ | hn al Ue qthing clernwsila’ 1 ‘ ' ™m B.S Chie un” SEC aie as ~ 8 Unpressuntcal . BAe y @é Gating 4 ( ¢ 2 a CA: As 7 te @ o very Scanned with CamScannerweenie! , IE TF S| éddeecce? a ¢d ¢d ¢ d p é @ 8 yo Of ARe Liquid mal which is ended @ @ Hilides * n- pressurized Gol Un- pres ong Si . . wand Gang Splen Oroke onatoh the hon ya, | . , - Spur. Velocity . * \ 6 ie hs owt, Wise Th tn ended nt ih 6 . ee foe casting A non-fowoun materiale “Thin te | & powabidy af alk expiration: Coating yeild will bea & Promunizad i ‘ F Mia ES un = Cheke ano. is ok the gate. Veleaty ol. . . indo he cami, ea Woh - Thou iso possiblity of hwebulin & rindi 3 Com ie ward -for enoting of fermour materials . Thar ip no chance, Of che cxpiratiom- Casting yall is more é i 1 hh a gating derign, thx gating ratio in 12:3. SF w word to produ oO of was 30 Ig. Reainky of, walat io 8900 ba fn Malling ay ~ Prune “hai 5 Pilling firme roy 2 10.6 seo Fourtng buighst of Lig. metal & 240 ron Acroumning. Ca = 0698, Calculsti Hu Bimenaiors of the gee * Sot” __ me 22 = G49 6x10 ~~ €R-* “Ae Cy (Tgp) — Awa 10x OBA gy, yaa? ae a an™ Ar = QAs2 998 om. ND a > aps 338R Dae Uedb ow ' > Soupiecarios IME ©), 2G) Chyosinoy's Panipl. + bs XK ‘ vie tex (x) ea uy ° ke F Ry tex wo 2 2 Cube = ie qa % . 3 sa * ym 22% — v ve gyiows ke a ee Scanned with CamScanner8g DS . . 2 - Cyindin SY By ah oa Bra andh ; t Slay Moy eH 6 of e A © 2(Le+ eHrhe) b4 e Wipheal Cybindr v bch __. ° e- arab +Tax (FE )| e™ . - \s a a res e i Qo : i wit @ fhe maton dep of Uge madat wobith cin ephuviok form 2 « wstaifiy io Asee. tahar to Ht Sebiffeetion Hime af emmmr ge pander drop with doubt. the caBiw ee e & te Nes ay = eo tas? oe ts<(%) — OF ryt ee « (§) » tres) e & te . (des be (Er) | et Ge bo < ay > 4G ee 2 . 5 jhe goldifiaho. Bs 2 ar «Whol 8 : Hing eoUidifion ia & wm” , tg * A a ved wth ffi Howden Fame ENG How of nan cuca a” coats” = 8m e¢ fg, = dwn ma = 8 My ——. @§ yes? > Napae a pags 8a? » (ase) ‘ a a > Var 8M : 2 vse (¥) $e ae GY a \* 9 b= Be @° ® (ey? 2 -(3) , F eo Scanned with CamScannerwe yeVY Us ) of My i. = Us = wy) i = 0.97% 108 (2) 2 1077-78 see B - ws Ble Kay. : an 5 Sle BL Gal, G2. greg 5 Bete Ca, NP CN" % Vou: Vp) 8 ane 4-(2)° & G) = oe Pa Wey =p (de . Uren, My BR, BOOS ey | . (2) ‘dt 7 Age Ed Adly Fi (mp?) GR 4 a = Msp 6 3 ze GS) a)" faa ‘ 7) rye Y ww WE \e Cteou 2K act = 0 5685 ay acah § » cooling ya fhe hope theo" yy a Scanned with CamScanner vill be ort Bp® Top Risen @ ® (PTIMUM CONDITIONS 2 8 > Side _sisens @ Ax 2. Ka? andh- i av q V> Rath > he >: > Ae ak av > Ae a Fara nd ae k= Rare xy VRg™ +xdh . A. Sel A Shea Eee A yt «9%: % vs a Vv Vv H, 3® Q “Tor RISER * “Tor Rie a 8 Risen Des . 5 wal: of costing e@ soto 9 fan 2H RO ° » ww). u (#), 5 unr > ‘ Milfods 49 ineeoot Hidwey hg 5 heda 3 O[nweisting OF é 8 @ @ Lxothounic waters » Coine's Method = My le Frosting ratio + Ky Scanned with CamScannerwero r he FPP PV OOESCECEECECEES BOS FOCOOSOHDORGGHO 3 Motified Caine's Method . (Naval Reseanch Lobsatory Method) . . Vr facey = Lilt 2 = “2 Se) = ®2O02D@ vs Wet > vy= x Ve D Gabe + Se = ata. y DOptindan - p= HED Meds 2Me % AF?” 26x 12.5 x5) “140. 6a5 em. Vier a= 140.625) hide 5-63 am sae re 225x495 + 1R% SF sxa5) 0-64 + » (*) . AS XIDSKS A 6 b£ = |.06 é Wie ~ “a * $63 e (a (4) 5» £2 ok > hed= 0-375 un- = hve ? d wit , a , : A 2 (QDx AD + aHOAG-+ SDx250 soa Be ax asx 90 mm? on BIDx 9502 SD @ 020-1 be 003, Ce] 6 a Gy: &. 6 ‘ ve a @ ~ 0058 5 Y* Ve > Gamo e Ya 6 0.56 ese. Ere > 2 @ 2 eos 6 e B1R5O0 ra [ar 0284 mm | Scanned with CamScanner25415 15 ot 4) > gM a _UrB . 25418 2g e. LC) ea “ 2 us oa loss [os | on ote 5 on e Ve, 05 5 Wi 0S (a5 2555) = 937 : ~ 7 e Wee Bad pe 9305 > i ° Lirden'eal ise (h=d) ke poiona on te top He eylindesiend are catede The gsi He 100 mm and di en i 200mm Ot e* Gon of tht rise Osing modulus raathod «2 8 fa) my ham “y= 100 rom a y c ig (a00)"C100 _ ® D = 200 mre yee A). —_ ) 2 (axa) 9 (and) ly > J.axaS = 30° Me yy Mah wo Beas V,\2 & ww. , We Gr (ar 7 . > 1:36 -= Gen TxD WT, a) - (Lee> Bram t. “ 7 bye é g “ z (¢ ) pa] | eho ® @ e 8 [ae 150] 6 e . : Bi (finan + Sqpo poulteleript “, Az axhd?4 adh 7 : ie ee patrqa( Ys) Cy 9 Gade 7a ae fare (tslog Calin Ie - 6HI* | fare q Dep (hye Dey (2=)* (HS) at OMe Vi. ag Sp > Be 08 3(8). ee (2): (a) 2 MIF Scanned with CamScanner“(yee © Posmon OF Ri 38> Min. Widenes 4 Mece'S:A. io he Ey ‘ (Fn 2 Non- unifoon Thickness = i ye eae : 4 Enducal : ert 4A grein) SL = = | L, ara Dwi enduoall grodient : L=13t (tuo vies) 3 Le St (one siser) > Wittstterduvall gradient‘ “ast Le Bt (uo sow) 5 At (onewrisen). ~ CHILLS 9 PAPDINGS :- Chile :- t ye eRe E = WLLL AYA Fe ai : iE “Pree utts & t ®@ de ers Ww cxbss section Yn mould coil fo maximize The hol fn ke ond to Prouide. unifoum & directional setiifietion wekallic objets fowral to coy ih eclonal chill mode up dy high -hotowal - 44 GL into +-K@ > to He owily wt wade bp of Ste enaterial oa the cooky aes di tp moulds covitien , Jo minimize, the ewmsion b dif divwhonal. cclidifieation , mall and to ide way ae a objects SEL provide, Loa au knewu ar padding! Scanned with CamScanner» By providing ill & pubing @ * : > Yhap ajecckiomal silidifietion on be © gr ¥ poseable + eS oe s , > Sg fabennol chile an sate bs oye eee dif ostiom ome es provisle dactctioweh $0) i i =v) 4 i ® CUrcsiFicAon’ DE CASTING ae ees Q- > > Lxpardable Mow Expendable. Moulds Moulds ee a ye @ Cimperny, crits) Wwurtrnunk reowdlni ©“ & Cu moulding £ e * Co, mows moulding + @ FS Centrifugal @ By Poxmanent Moulds Rooke 7 & 7 gush casting B qpreze cyting- } Grtinuous Coking * Scanned with CamScannerdpe to D bie tolocks Ee egies > Rockin abums Value plates of wefaypratss abe © Patton i2) producat by mule. dloiol, and iF ctw be hint . xp 250°C . . , © Mouiding pratental io mode in contac with huoted patbenn + By Aclivating. the bonding. propution 4 pnatic eins moutting Squid wil Shek to fhe surfaen of patown in the foun of Aneb . Thideness a autt will dipend on contnet: time bho Gand, moulding, macteriat lnerin on Dut tees Affer getting required Ricken of thu chill pation & Aull. com be coperoted Soom Whe mouth box & thay will be healed upto 250%: 98, iding no. stalls thoy, will bee odelad 4 prodane 1 3 ; | Inching, Sond + pegpirel comiliy Sb supposed by Pf . @ Lydd meal will be allmwoed to solidify. ir Shull ores - A os thish we ypse. ; 0 Aeaunsty ee 4 pen foe Longe sire costing - CEd¢bbea FUPWSVWVUYUT WY UTYUwWYwwWYwYuUwwww YY www wo wow www: © |b wd) Upmrsive process 7 Lovett Sa” Patton iby = Rosin: 08 — A VUE U TUTTE bobo d dS desi Es Scanned with CamScannerRapa Gar Tibtne Ploden Cel Angin pords , Modicat Imeplamts » Dewdiynrds ' Gold: Ormamads ele» Patio i» peoducod by won wabodal » ° YF No. of Prtows wit be addid to prdve O pation os long ptt. geting clouds / by. odding. . clusmp .Coatiags 0” pation, fine FY Cromule inalvrialla com be added to produce & coramic shell, “Thad prowess ip codid ” Stuccoing Procen”, f+ By hating Te Ghomic shut vox will be Converted into quid @ fem § ib will be removed frm: shu to seb the tepeived cowie ® into hich Uquid milal will be. alLewed * to sobiclify « e To minimice the gna dafecs, thls prow will beeaiied oul gs undur voauum+ . x” @ F Cast of Hu proce may be mom Ub is vosd to produce Omnpinxe Shapemo| Hu. objects which ane produced boy hit o wuthing ph with mer, accuracy. eS Fut_MMouling + [Cavitylon Moulding. / EPC / Los Foam Procen| © fatloun + Plootin Pobystoune , Foam, PVE, Thuumoele et. Scanned with CamScanner O9GBSSHSSOO a a ee ee QB2DOSBOe®WOaS é o wi Z ® as zgVunid od moulding maoria, (Non forrows tno 14.P.)) produced by plsshe modeual - > By cctding: erin Lindans:, moulding, cond will be oddad anound the patleous & ik uss” be suppoated by backing rd “in He mould bx. 4 -mutol will be Olivet atlowet: on The pattenn - % By emposoting, palo, “ar will be alised To escape from You mould such That comily con be pooduced into ushich. Liqnid ymstod wrill be allowed to soliclifiy. . DW yeould i prepared by pop wo alfa noi a vars” fran ir called plaster moulding and at ia gavel Soe producing of Low MiPey non Ferrous at © Ge, Moulding t- ‘ Na, 303 2-67 ny GIDe + Na, COs - Nag Si0s + COz TP Gitien Get por > Gorsing fine oe ote, This bonds of mowd & © treaae “The steength, ond Jagirtque com be acd» i gollioee silicate. binder + et to not for sufficient” time ot sb which 4 ste Sodium. siitale om protuce, silk get — goat wi * opin Gua fothis , shength. & 1 oe ae . po le WA Cam be wer e tol ' ty CO. ¥ of | road wr agen om Hine. HP TG rhb th 4 # nose or (On Goring Hime Scanned with CamScannersh A hott sti, ote . } whet a} Te am inside, diamelor ard 780mm, @ fo. pre yy CC. ttle ace? af mould of 789.@ “v Cote ae rolediont sptid of jas moutl« { b 789 6 SP Rim ve Pot di » BSF TR 2 8h. mm. 4 . i - uv TEXAS 00382 x BBN” 5 ple 427.) span @:% * G . 5 é e © Die ale SPN nom st lacoee © = %, Costing, Prosowe« Soi (uo pax) ey : %, “Liguci ,rata oyill oes int ns ‘Wu. dio- comity by mua ca @e* oot force. @ vy eo 4 wuded to @ vy psieple shape o eatings €% . . vy | “i @ ‘Aceunsey & surfece fal ~ | ean of objets one voy hgh - * & 2) : te produced ww . in shuctwie, 4 @ pus, to foot Tole of coating. fires Gl ret ; such. poopartis + lo + ee faring. eto mich popes ae é yaad ps mor petuction bs |e Gane be in qukernabiles wale tp te gad tion 3 slows ane + os | os ] we es | Pid | e re i @ “ @ a e 2 — Scanned with CamScannera Ligue mutelwsll be fotted into aie cadfing? cauil? velar, = orteorral plunger, premune u DB « VF in weak to produce complex shape of dbject with Hate BP coctiom: / i Ruiner wv. urdegaaded wit Co ee . & MK i> word to poocbua, Lew MP. wnatisdals Uke Lead, h'p ® ° a x . e ‘ty eer ns getting, soliclified undue Ce Price 7 ty dawst eteustone with bette meshowical peopartion, ann , cing. Fa grin, ghrcdunt. Cm be © Dux to feck Fate SUNG * " produuted * any & aunpen Bh in veg UA , as i ahs pl oil aig rote © Org AYR BD ie op. ance ruck. sil @ Porc bing vendomeyy a Lae e Due to nny waa in pot camber Ae OFT" be sedwwed - Tr bo net Teed pow, vases EE Castine en NS, ids, © CoD. _Ginmaper, DIE ERENT oul pipe se Te a pr Sopdass + ted ot ane e Ting MLO Scanned with CamScanner. Applications‘ D Caidoune tens : ad Crank Cover” 3> Valve Bodies Friak “Injectiow Purr ports ° 2) Toile fichirus © Comparison of Die Casting. & Iweatmuwt- Coating. ming & buna” Go de: Investinent| f FRcTORS Die >| Paroduction Rote | High Loo | Gomploaly of Obes M.Putomp- of rnotovats | Lovo “@ Stusn Casting te (Yay > bath? 2 4 hur, too Me tad of cating 5 4, He solidification time teqd. : C)BCo Mu Ha cmularits which depends ew proportion +f Wy & die Yo jrriver thin canting & hull tim acting, withouk wing one, a wad: Uguid viele do atlowesk +0 solidify On hin ehniga ae be eda After gelling the ry thi jw die aetng unyatiaified muta cone bee | 5 an partied aldifiertion. GF io generally ved for leo” ike APs mon fou anatoriels ti Thin casting. Mollna-Hits aatig, Hollows techies, sloys., Pasrative il Thin ormamunts 8 Cults + Cy dena, by rotating IK dle from solidified nnetak . This Lead, Hin, alumriniven kee ©2OOB2FHRGEDHOBMAD PERLLALALIT TEP! Scanned with CamScanner QHOOLADHOOVSVOG | 9 ens o999999e IFIIIFIIIID 2‘@S » AL-ollg matal'ie allved to sibility On’ tadin’. St in oeonwed “pape Ale 4D cee 6 BO'sec + the Heicbenes Ors 3mm & 4.5 mum. int a ie Sie = ; bo tte Huickuen of the coming agin solidification Hime of 100 sec - 5 a = 0s tye3 mm oct? Galt + Ge Q. te, 230s 2 Bs CIO Ge, @ fags A008 Aen bulio fa © 215 = 1 (fi - 30) | yO 2 LhS = 0644 eS ZA gs 6-647 fide +.0.954 (0-83) oS = 7-42 mm > (y= 6.954» > © 6 Saueeze Casting t- es clique meal will be find intothe die. ) “ yt “e ae * Exounal preawe to appliel on The - \ smndial Jushg the plunger such thal d : ig the pls 8 Va «Lig mated ts solatified bho plungin %e LL : and die ada extovul presun: “8 Ye From the plunger ey 2 & The EMbination, of cashing and foxging - se © Promun of the plunger decides the Shope & Sian a the crating ® High dance Shudun willy beter mechanical properties can be produc Applications > “Ie > Break shoes mode up of Aluiminiun. stig, } Buch mode Upof brass & bronze- —%S © Continuous Castin Tecenique !- Long. Wath boo ods , billets ok» velallic objet “undish: 7 To dure Loom fergie mele! cobinunicly from 1 by metal > o> Bi ) u cue can be used . Bocce) thio Leming fosed omg Ie Sot alia ie to a solid exert” | Scanned with CamScanner| : prove ane 1 td rtiaing” a vioracting reehaniom BL seqerading: D ret /Sawd Blosbing ' tha gin lameet from Maa canis ge D steal: balls of 3-5 mm YK. 2 Coarse rein snd» sees eee whieh are fund om the sigue of. & hondened Stal balls Will be fared on The coating sing, ate ain premune, to known as shot blsbing - coonsed rt sand ib used fir cleaning Hi cxstingg casi pe a ‘ "re ® © @ € @ Casting DEFECTS :- 8 OGes sp = _ é ® Blow halos © open blows. > BUFO ase pgm matt B > ay apo att Oo, Wi ~ € Bons t. Sy Ss oles . € 8 ‘i 7 s ya ‘ 2 o@ @ € Q - us which oe forrad Oui Ay Blow bales 6 carl cmp Ho which Ore é fool nn coning, te Howbdlns é > Sea + A cholla lower vahion formed ow he surface ef Ae ws B> Scone * é , “i oS Listen - gy bo Soe cownd by athe Ley of, me & ia Srnglh sted gpoheles formed dust to" Hephroges J. ‘ io a-pinvote pom a> Pinhole Pososiky *~ ee Scanned with CamScanner 6@0®ba Moutiing » vadtteruial & malhod ! oe Dap Due to ienpzsper. susnimire A loose silica sand ponkidla | will be droppr? from Grpe e- Ba Reg ex forming a 4 58 Projection on The setfac @ ie cecal i» cath a Drop: Whib, o comity om dha oltun side of cating be calbd dixt . OO2GC8 @ 8) Cats & Woke ie + Pete e le Dur to improper Younming ab rain” H ak moud cavily , uf som rouldiy e Sond Usill be erected from ‘th. 6 gunkare and tr will be. washud @ Wwlo He mowtd eanity This will from projertions tw the contin, @ known cuts & Washs: 6 ©} Scab’ che wid muah com be WY pendeated thto The loose. Sard loys in te ope, box, will form a profection Om the sefacee of the costing’ @ 4) Rok Sur to tnproper (touring and hue + to impropin mising of sand, ofa gi “cwoss section, tf the moulding expanded will fe 0 prijection ™ gunkace'of, tu cockiong forown 0 Tok bad > Ging DESISA oy Shritnkaye Quwitio = Avr to improper aisor cesign owilt in Formed dee fo dhninkege of the instowal * QO® veoegeeeee Me) 1908 Scanned with CamScanner@)fourmnse Merny :- O Misrun (®) Cold Shacks - Dur to lack Tao Areas of 7 7 cop tae omy ina IL j | Aunps before. Zi1\ prpny wat WoO ‘reaikiny. Vou. cawily Uyuid metal will dhnd solidification. will form mistun. com a decorbruily an the contin t Virtue ax cold abaite © Mevaoraen Deters -- ) Mot team / Cracker’ Dur ty wom. weifornn carling, infemenrl chery ca, I be dtveleped tn the sailing. Si Mra shrowven well LLLL be mon. Hann + chenegthe of Hoe materials Cracks Wil be. (remed amon os biel deans /emnhe © Orner Derecis ~ | 9) Mould Shift + Saige LO) @ iG |] Dur te preps positioning 4 _ fee { Ope bow od the day box, th J Mou i makh alow the Srotting 1 4. core fren ie cxinina! A me alp “t postion Cis 4 cco et Tettng Line in the onatingy cow be Gvecmee by vena cove ports onde chaplits $ @ TURNACE > > Gucible Fwmatt & Sh io vest fe pratuhon Of Lous Mething pont, nom Forrous materials fs gyal scale foundries. . Chaye = Ore : Ste + Pll + Gee (pubrenind frm threes) my feeretin stag ald, Scanned with CamScanner SS eee esedeovesoe SAGAR Qeadaeeeaeaece @eee ees 92 OO B@ee@eneeeweseeeeseeeeenenenunnunneit......SS Cupola Funioee By malting pig. from, oge: quemtitien of Cask pe OM be prodinced © OG Metti “Ratio /Ch Ratin Metal + Fuel « 4:1 —» it Cupolat- ford C> Electric Are Punnace: Loy quantiiien of ferrous matoritle Like Sheek com be yproduced by mebliny pia yon * ; 4) Induction Furnace.” For melting of foviou & Row feman i _ ii fo furnace OM ‘yaatoials, br wll ond trge quentitios » the i Sot be word . Role of vnvlting, thigh « Space required & © melting, wD moses DBOVBOOHSHBHDOODD . Scanned with CamScanner