LOCATION + Jamshedpur city is located in southeastern part of Jharkhand, India. It lies at the junction of the Subarnarekha ‘and Kharkai rivers. * Situated on the Chhots Nagpur plateau, Jamshedpur covers an area of 3533 km? + It located in 2 hilly region and is surrounded by the Dalma Hills running from west to east. ‘+ The height of the region varies from 700 feet to 3100 feet ‘above sea level ‘Map of arnshedpur Tribal ‘Ssettiements in190?7 sous. }§ + 4s+ Jamshedpur INTRODUCTION Jamshedpur is one of the oldest and the largest existing Company town in the world ‘The development of railways in the 19th century started settlement of population at newer places like Jamshedpur. Jamshedpur was established in the beginning of the 20th century as home of the first privately owned steel factory in india at Sakchi in Singhbhum district. Tata Steel acquired 3,564 acres of waste land in Sakchi and 2 few neighboring vilages on the undulating central ridge, a watershed between the two rivers. ‘The site was graded in 1907-9 for building the steel plant at the highest point on the western spur; reservoirs were built for waterworks inside the plant; railway tracks were laid from main line at Kalimati and factory units constructed along them, is also known for its city management structure as large part of the Jamshedpur city is governed by the Tata group that manages the provision for basic urban services in Jamshedpur Tata Steel company is now world’s tenth largest steel manufacturing company, JAMSHEDPUR 1907 ie 8 Map of Jamshedpur in 1907SITE SELECTION CRITERIA The important factors involved in the location of iron and steel industry are availabilty of raw materials, power resources, water, labor, markets and the transport facilities LaBour + Bengal, Madras and Mumbai provided skiled labor. + Unskilled labor were abundant locally. which were all favoring a small village named Sakch. SITE AND SITUATION + River Subernrekha demarcated the Tana, «ity from north. + River Kharkai marks the western TECHNOLOGY boundary of Jamshedpur city + Jamshedpur had exposure to modern + Itis bounded by the Railway line at iron and steel industries of Germany, South East United kingdom and USA. + The villages around Chota Nagpur had a large number of blacksmith NATURAL RESOURCES ‘who had ative knowledge of local mineral resources, + Rivers Subernrekha and Kharkal provided water. ‘+ Raw materials at the Chhota Nagpur plateau * Public capital was raised in Mumba + The plateau had huge potential for coal and hydral power. CAPITALSPATIAL HISTORY ‘+ Jamshedpur ie one of the aldest and is considered a the largest ting industrial town in india. ‘+ Sakchi was an ideal location, owing to the excellent quality of coal to its north, rich iron ore to its south and the port city of Kolkata to its east. Later, it acquired the name Jamshedpur and its nearby railway station Kalimati was renamed at ‘Totanagar, named for industrialist amsetji Nasarwanii Tate. + The city was concentrated between Railway line and Subarnarekha River. The districts within 150 Kms radius of Jamshedpur are rich in minerals, including iron ore, coal, manganese and lime. + The company town designed for 10,000 residents with few public spaces and ‘streets became the nucleus for later growth of Jamshedpur into the industrial city. + Itemployed modern town planning principles, ushering in modernity through new modes of spatiality and lifestyles associated with industrialization. + The city has registered more that twelve thousand times growth from Census 1911 to Census 2011. line of Citys growthMap of amshedpur in 1927 ‘The built density was highest in the Sakchi and Bistupur locality. Planned structure starts from Sonari and moves towards couth east. Jugealai also acquired the status of Municipality with emergence of new buildings. Southern part of the city was mainly outskirt in which Bagbera and Haludwani villages were significant, Sonari, Northem Town, New Town, Southern Town, Old Town, Tinplate, Tatanagar RS, Golmuri emerged as rmajor city centers besides the campuses of Tata Iron and Steel Company Works, Indian Steel and Wire Product Company, Peninsular Locomotive Company, EEYPonEVOLUTION OF JAMSHEDPUR ‘+ Unlike the planning of Delhi and Chandigarh, which were planned and conceived all at a single time, Jamshedpur was planned in various stages. + The reason behind these several stages was growth in the production of the steel plant due to World War! and World War Il and hence growth in population of workers. Sahlin and Kennedy Plan | 1912 Temple Plan 7920 Full flodged industrial township ‘Stoke's Plan 1936 Expansion of Temple plan with emphasis on housing Koenigsbergers Plan | 1944.45 Garden city neighbourhood unit in planning circles.SAHLIN AND KENNEDY PLAN + Julin Kennedy Sahlin of Pittsburgh, U.S.A., prepared the first layout of the town of Jamshedpur. + They built the original colony between 1908-12 for housing managers and skilled workers + The site demanded stratified pattern of housing on high ground on the ridge on the north-west and western fringes of the steel plant to ensure protection from the factory dust carried by the prevailing western winds. + The colony was laid out in the grid-ron (North American settlement pattern) with alphabetically named ‘roads’ running east-west and numbered ‘avenues’ running north-south. SAHLIN AND KENNEDY PLAN. 2910PROBLEM WITH SAHLIN AND KENNEDY PLAN The plan ignored the acute need for housing laborers with the result that clusters of mud huts sprang up around the towns and close to the factory gates. ‘CLUSTERS OF MUD HUTS AROUND THE TOWNS AND CLOSE TO THE FACTORY.FREDRICK C. TEMPLE PLAN- 1920 {As the Steel production of the plant grew (due to World War 1), population of the township increased and the old Kennedy plan became obsolete Fredrick C. Temple, sanitary officer for Orissa and Bihar states was appointed as the Chief Engineer for planning of Jamshedpur. ‘Temple's work was influenced by + The principles of Temple's planning were: Study of lifestyle of local tribal people Concept of Garden city of Letchworth, 4. Gravitational Sewerage system. 2. Street system adapted to contours. Design of industrial vilage of New Earswick. 3. Parkway system in natural drains. He advocated that the problem of housing could be solved by improving the sanitation and preserving the infrastructure of the squatter settlements and the lifestyle of the tribal people respectively.Hexagonal settiement pattem in small custers of 12 huts surrounding a central open space, all enclosed by roads 500° ‘apart for the wibal Inner circle that connected the core to areas on the ‘north, east and west through “leope Street system adapted to Open space system of parks and parkways alone the street and drain system.MAJOR P.G.W. STOKES PLAN- 1936 + Due to the further expansion of Tata Steel in 1930, the township was in mediate need of housing. + Major PGW. Stokes, was invited by the Company to advise on town planning and development. + Stokes’ plan was an attempt to understand the logic of growth of an expanding industrial city and impose 2 spatial pattern on it drawn from the North American metropol + His work was influenced by ideas of Earnest Surges who suggested that cities develop outward from central business and manufacturing districts with working elass population nearest to the core. + Constrained by the existing med and stratified housing of Jamshedpur which could not be forced into a neat gradient of concentvic rings, Stokes hhad to adapt to Homer Hoyt’s wedge shaped urban model that required segmented growth along transport arteries. + He advocated the separation of sewer and storm water drainage systems, and emphasized that ‘bustees’ pose 2 health hazard and should not be regarded a areal or permanent solution to Jamshedpur's housing, ‘Central Business District problem. ‘ranction Zone 1 2 3. Working Class ‘ s. ‘Comeuuters ZoneOTTO KOENIGSBERGER’S PLAN- 1944 In 1943, Dr. Koenigsberger was invited to advise on the planning of the town. His team prepared a master plan based on garden city principles and construction of neighborhood units. He designated the industrial and residential areas of the city as two primary zones of development in accordance with his band town’ planning concept. The ‘band’ form was suited to the desirable segregation of housing and industry in two separate but parallel zones minimizing distances to the open country, Street hierarchy ‘The planning ideals induced: 1. Open green spaces of the garden city as an antidote to Industialization, 2. Urban infrastructure adapted to local site conditions, 3. Neighborhood units self-sufficient in civic amenities, and 4. Street hierarchy asa means of traffic segregation.Jamshedpur's housing pattern, though stratified was mixed and could not be forced into a neat gradient of concentric rings. However was unwilling to give up and endeavored to put ingarden city principles wherever space permitted His dispute was that linear growth along transportation arteries was the best solution to the problems posed by the concentric growth around the place of employment. Massive urban surgery was untenable, so Koenigsberger proposed for a garden suburb on the forested slopes of Dalma Hills for 200 medium income families who could do the daily commute 7 miles to the Steel Plant He prepared a master plan, which was accepted by the Tata Stee! Company. Sy 3 = = Daima HillsJAMSHEDPUR URBAN AGGLOMERATION + Although Tata Stee! remained the largest employer and the physical core of jamshedpur, new industries and their settlements were built first towards the east and later after independence in 1947 across the river Kharkai on the west. + The earlier eastern suburbs were bullt around the factories and consisted of officer bungalows and worker quarters, similar to the pattem at the core. + A multinucleated pattern emerged with industries as the nuclei of settlement growth that minimized the distance between residence and workplace. + Some of these industries were established by the Tatas, others were acquired and became subsidiaries, sharing the supply of power and raw ‘materials delivered con railway tracks extending from the main branch. + Industrial growth began in the 1920s with the establishment of Tinplate, Cable, Steel and Wire Industries who built their housing in 2 grid iron patter on a ridge parallel to the main NW-SE ridge.‘The Jamshedpur Block was established in the 1952 and comprises of rural & urban areas having one Municipality and two Notified Area Committees namely Jugsalai Municipality, Jamshedpur Notified Area Committee and Mango Notified Area Committee. Notified Area Committee is managed by a subsidiary company of TATA and SONS named Jamshedpur Urban Services ‘Company Ltd JUSCO). The Jamshedpur Notified Area, Adityapur Notified Area, Mango Notified Area, Jugsalai Municipality and the towns of Parsudih, Ghorabandha, Chotagovindpur, Gadhra, Sarjamdah, Haldubani, Kitadih, and Bagbera, which are a part of the Jamshedpur Block, are proposed to become a part of the Jamshedpur Urban Agglomeration and be administered by a Unified Municipal Administrative Body. ‘The total area covered by the proposed JUA is 149.225 Sq. km. Sea! on See 2._[ tmshedpur Notified Area 5632 s918 2_[dagssiai Municpainy or 1931 3._| Bagbers Census Town) 0224 17 4. | reityapur Notified Area 4300 17 5._| Mango Notiied Area 3808 1981 6_| Gada (Census Town) 0473 1981 7._| crhota Gobindour (Census Town) 0263 1981 | Hatudbant (Consus Town) 0383 1981 9. | secamdsh (Consus Town) e253 1a 20, | chovabandta (census Tone) 0523 1st i, | Porhasayeaimat (Census Town) 0358 20 32._| Kita 0175 2011 TAMSHEDPUR URBAN AGGLOMERATION au) | 14825REGIONAL LINKAGES +The city of Jamshedpur is connected to Calcutta (251 Kms) and Ranchi (137 Kms) by NH-33, + Patna, the state capital of Bihar, lies at a distance of S03 Kms on the south-eastern railway line + The Tatanagar Railway station, which is part of the South-Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways, connects the city of Jamshedpur to the rest of the country. + There ig no formal aispart faclity present in Jamshedpur City However, an airstrip and a helipad exist, which is owned by TISCO {and is exclusively used by the Tata Companies = Primary Roads Secondary Roads — Raimay Hh veer boy FORD NETWORK OF ANSHEDPURPRESENT SCENARIO + The present city of Jamshedpur is spread over the villages of Sakchi, Susnigaria, Jugsalai and Beldih that lay in the Dhalbhum Pargana of the East Singhbhum district. Around 16 percent population of the JUA were under rural development department of the state where remainig portion was looked under urban governance. Notified area comiitee is managed by a subsidiary company of TATA and SONS named Jamshedpur Urban Services Company Ltd (JUSCO). While the area under TISCO have developed in a planned manner based on all the above expert inputs, the outside areas have continued to grow at fast pace one would expect to see near a major industrial centre. This growth was generally organic in nature as the state or the region did not have 2 proper plan or development control rules. This has resulted in the present urban agglomeration. New high rise buliding are coming in the Adiyapur town on the north of the Jamshedpur. Construction of new bridges on the river Subanarekha River gives ample opportunities of urban expansion.MASTER PLAN OF Noon Commitee JAMSHEDPUR EXISTING LAND USE MAP + About 35% of the land is dedicated for the purpose of industrial use, which is the major land use, followed by the residential use of approximately 20%. + 18% of area is allocated for transportation facilities, and 13.5% is undevelopedarea.2027 MASTER PLAN OF JAMSHEDPUR + In 2008 the Jamshedpur Urban Agglomeration (JUA) 2027 Master Plan was drawn up by Superior Global Infrastructure of New Delhi in collaboration with the Philadelphia based landscape planning firm of Wallace Roberts &Todd at the behest of Jharkhand state, +The scope of planning covered the core of Jamshedpur, Adityapur, Mango, Jugsalai and seven villages, altogether covering an area of 149.23 km’. + The Master Plan aims to reduce the disparity in infrastructure provision, civic amenities, and quality of housing stock between the core of Jamshedaur and its urban periphery. + Anticipating that the population of the industrial hub will grow to be 3 milion by 2027 requiring an additional 383, 446 dwelling tnits, its planning approach is mixed-use development in multiple nodes within JUA. +The transit oriented development nodes will distribute services and amenities, presently concentrated at the core, throughout the area, + Toaccommodate growth and avoid sprawl, optimal utilization of vacant land within JUA and contiguous urban development are suggested. + The planis implicitly based upon new urbanism ideel of concentrated, high density urban centers adjusted to the Indian urban condition consisting of glaring disparities between spacious, well planned areas and congested, haphazard development.2027 MASTER PLAN OF JAMSHEDPUR \ a aURBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Water Supply + overall water supply coverage area (by piped connections) is approvimately 25% of the total area of JUA. ‘+ Area under JUSCO area getting the best services of water supply “+The other areas included in JUA other than JNAC, ANAC, MNAC and JMC areas, do not have any provision of direct water supply and is presently been supplied by bore wells, tube wells, natural water bodies, tankers, etc. Sewerage: and Sanitation + About one-third of the total sewage generated is treated while the rest remains untreated and is disposed off into the Subarnarekiva and Kharkal Rivers. Thus the river water gets polluted leadng to environmental degradation, ‘Storm Weter Drainage There is no provition of storm water drainage system in the whole UA except in some of the areas of lamshedpur Notified Area, which is controlled by 1USCO. + Absence of 2 storm water drainage network uncongested areas like Jugsalai, Mango, etc, is the primary reason for the inefficiency in the drainage system. Solid Waste Management + Absence of adequate facility for collection of waste, which ultimately lands up on the streets, anes or backside of houses. + There is no system of door-to-door collection of waste nor is there any facility of community bins. + No segregation of waste (hazardous, bio-medical, etc) is done. + There is no provision fer treatment of the waste nor is there any proper waste disposal site in JUA except for areas maintained by JUSCO. Traffic and Transportation ‘+ Absence of functional hierarchy of road network resulting in inter- ‘mixing of local and regional trafic. + Narrow roads in the central and core areas of the city with restricted capacity adds to the congestion problems. + Inadequate manned level crossing leading to travel delays and lack of road safety. + Poor toad surface quality and absence of appropriate safety and visibility enhancement parameters like sign boards for both traffic and street markings, channel islands, and other street furniture (except the area controlled by JUSCO)LANDMARKS IMAP OF JAMSHEDPUR WITH LANDMARKS,+ Jubilee Park Known as the "Mughal Gardens of lamshedpur", Jubilee Park was established on the 50th anniversary asa gift from the TATA Steel Company to Tata Nagar. It unrolls over 225 acres of land and houses a mini z00, recreation center, lake etc. imna Lake Located at the foothills of the murky Dalma Mountain ranges, Dimna Lake was built by the TATA Company as a water reservoir to serve the needs of the industry as well as the city Presently the lake is used as a storage from where the water supply takes place for the city of lamshedpur + Parsee Fire Temple Parsee Fire Temple is a well-known sacred site for the Parsee community in Jamehedpur Located in the Jubilee Park, this astounding temple holds 2 great importance amid the Parsee people. It is the place where many Parsee festivals like Navroz tte. are celebrated.+ Bhuvaneshwari Temple Bhvaneshwari Temple is an enchanting Hindu shrine in Jamshedpur. This architectural splendor is erected in the South Indian style of architecture andis dedicated to the Goddess Bhuvaneshwari It is a well-known Shakti Peetha in Hinduism that is flocked by thousands of devotees across the year. + Hudco Lake Hudco Lake was constructed artificially in the beautiful surroundings of the TELCO Colony. itis situated near a park which also houses an artificial waterfall that uses the water of the lake. ‘he lake and park complex are located on a beautiful hillock and it provides a panoramic view of the entire city. + Keenan Stadium. Keenan Stadium, is a multipurpose stadium and an International Cricket Stadium in Jamshedpur, India. The stadium is named after John Lawrence Keenan a former general manager of the Tata Steel * Golpahari Mandir ‘The temple located at a hiltop having a height of 600 feet, in the Parsudih area cf Jamshedpur is dedicated to Pahari Ma, the goddess of the Mountains. The ‘temple is believed to exist since 1900 and is considered highly auspicious among the locals.SMART CITY PROJECT , JAMSHEDPUR + Ranchi is among 100 cities under India's Smart City mission. The infrastructure development of ABD (area based development] covers road and transport system, waste water management, storm water drainage, plantations, smart street lighting, power infrastructure and water supply systems covering the entire ABD area of 656.30 acre. ‘+ In Jamshedpur, majorly the area under JUSCO has taken up the Smart City mission Area under JUSCO + Smart metering and street lighting in which lighte can automatically adjust their brightness bated on factors such as the available natural ight at density of traffic + Sensors under the manholes in the city so that the water level can be monitored and preventive action taken before water actually {gushes out of the sewers onto city streets + Storm and floodwater monitoring, intrusion prevention (to protect valuable equipment), waste management, water quality control and predictive asset management. + Zero Liquid Discharge (no liquid waste goes out of Jamshedpur into water bodies). + Smart dustbins that notify authorities when they're 75% full, end @ GPS enabled fleet thet plans pickup routes to maximize effectiveness and minimize fuel consumption. + Household sewage is treated at the sewage treatment plant and reused for gardening, and industrial purposes. Specialized treatment plants for each industry, ensuring that the water is 100% effluent free.‘Smart Colony (20 acre land in Kuttupatnga area of Jamshedpur) * Affordable houses with ultra-modern technology, school, shopping complex, playground, park, hospital, bank and community hall are some of the prime features planned for the colonies. + The colony will also have smart facility like WiFi for various reasons like promoting local business, cashless transaction, education and other actiCONCLUTION + The city evolved as process of public partnership model during early twentieth century of which TATA iron and steel industry was under the control of state. + The preliminary investigation of growth of Jamshedpur as an industrial town in India suggest that since the inception of Tata Steel industry in 1907, there has been several fold increase in the economic activities in Jamshedpur by the Tata Group in recent decades. + Today, the city of Jamshedpur is becoming Smart and Sustainable. * With rich historical and cultural heritage Jamshedpur provides beautiful urban landscape in the TATA lease areas , however the same is not true for non TATA lease areas. + The preserved core of Jamshedpur is a living example of industrial heritage of India, not the shell of a dead company town. + Despite being majorly industrialized, it has managed to be the 15th cleanest city in Ind