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22  12
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2
Thisiscallednon-flowenergyequation.
   
=
22  12
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 – =0;  –=0
 = and =
This shows that the first law of thermodynamics is the law of
conservationofenergy.
 
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p
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Gas p2 v2 T2
p1v1T1 Vacuum

(a) Before expansion (b) After expansion v


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. The system is insulated and there is no exchange of heat with the
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Theinternalenergyofthesystemduringfreeexpansionremainsconstant.
4. – =–)=0
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Theenthalpyofthesystemremainsconstant.

2.4.7 Summary of Thermodynamc Relatons


for Non-flow Processes

   
   
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