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Grammar 2 3 Types of Constrast
Grammar 2 3 Types of Constrast
3 Types of Contrast
16. Change the sentences so they start with in spite of + the fact that or in spite of +
verb+ing.
a. Even though world food production is at an all-time high, many developing countries still
struggle to feed their populations.
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b. Even though Jake didn’t have a clean driving license, he was given the job delivering
pizza.
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17. Can you change this although sentence into a despite + verb+ing sentence?
Although most tourists travel to London because of the Royal Family, many British people
would like to become a republic.
□ YES □ NO
10. In spite of We have a noun after the space (recent efforts), so we must use In spite of
11. but We cannot use although or despite in this sentence because 1) there is no
surprise and 2) the grammar pattern is wrong for both words. There is no direct
opposition so while is also incorrect
12. Nevertheless Although cannot be used to join sentences. We cannot start an academic
sentence with but. However is OK here, but does not show “surprise”
13. Despite We have a verb+ing after the space, so we must use despite
14a. Despite being one of the largest producers of oil, Russia still imports petrol.
Don’t forget to put a proper noun in the 2nd clause (so change it to Russia)
14b. Despite having high sales, the company closed last week.
15a. Although text messaging is a cheap and efficient way of communicating, it has had a
negative effect on people’s written language.
15b. Although John didn’t pass his exam at the first attempt, he was still able to realise his dream
of becoming an accountant.
We had “not passing” in the despite sentence, so we needed the negative
“didn’t pass” in the although sentence
16a. In spite of the fact that world food production is at an all-time high, many developing
countries still struggle to feed their populations. ☺
The three magic words are always the easiest
16b. In spite of not having a clean driving license, Jake was given the job delivering pizza.
We had “didn’t have” in the even though sentence, so we needed the negative
“not having” in the in spite of sentence. To make a negative verb+ing sentence,
just add not
17. NO We cannot use the despite + verb+ing grammar pattern here because the
subject of the first clause and the 2nd clause are different
If we used the despite + verb+ing grammar pattern, it would sound like British
people travel to London, not tourists. Therefore, the sentence can’t be changed
Despite travelling to London because of the Royal family, many British
people would like the country to become a republic.
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