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TVOGSE@VHODOS
TVOGSE@VHODOS DA KOYKOCA
Ag Bgj. _uèhbco astoh`s oc`stuhfrod`s o astudbor k`s pr`cas`s ag astod` astocb`gorb`. Ag C`gtr`k da
Yr`cas`s sa astudbog kos vorbocb`gas ag ak tbahp`, ak aeact` da kos parturfocb`gas. As ug ogïkbsbs dbgïhbc`,
p`r akk` sa raqubara da guavos marrohbagtos.
DAEBGBCBÓG
∖ st
K e (t ) 8 e (t ) a dt E ( s )
9
Ag ko bgtajrok, s as ugo c`gstogta.
Ko Trogse`rhodo trogse`rho ugo eugcbóg dak d`hbgb` dak tbahp` ok kkohod` ‛d`hbgb` s‘.
s ‘. Colbto Hïjbco<
Hïjbco<
e(t) ↖ ↖ j(s)
EQGCB@GAS BHY@VTOGTAS
Ascokóg (Stap). Axp`gagcbok. Darbvodos. Troskocbóg.
Vohpo. Sbgus`bdok. Bgtajrokas. Tbahp` Huart`.
TVOGSE@VHODOS DA KOYKOCA
∖ st
K e (t ) 8 e (t ) a dt E (s)
9
O ? g!
K O 8
s
K t 8
s
6 K t 8 s +
g
g ?
∖ ot ? ∖ ot ? ? ∖ ot ?
K a 8 s+o 8 o os + ?
K a K t a 8 ( s + o) 6
n s ∖ ot g!
K sag(nt ) 8
s +n
6 6
K c`s( nt ) 8
s
6
+n
6
K t a
g
8 ( s + o ) g +?
∖ ot n ∖ ot n
K a sag(nt ) 8
( s + o) + n 6 6
K a sagm (nt ) 8
( s + o) 6 ∖ n 6
∖ ot s+o ∖ ot s+o
K a c`s(nt ) 8
( s + o) + n 6 6
K a c`sm (nt ) 8
( s + o)6 ∖ n 6
∖ st d
K e (t ∖ t d ) 8 a E ( s )
K a e (t ) 8 E( s ∖ o) 8 E()
ot
de (t )
K 8 s E ( s) ∖ e (9)
dt
d g e (t ) g g ∖? g∖ 6 g∖ 6 g ∖?
K g 8 s e ( s) ∖ s e (9) ∖ s e '(9) ∖ ..... ∖ s e (9) ∖ e (9)
dt
e (t )dt 8 ?s O
t ∖ t p s
K E ( s) K Yuks` P O 8 (? ∖ a )
9 s
A_QBUOKAGCBOS A BJQOKDODAS
(s + o)(s + f)(
f)(s + c) 8 s + (o + f + c)s + (of + oc + fc)
fc)s + ofc
3 6
? ? ? ? ? ? os + f
8 ∖ 8 ∖
O F F ∖ O O F (
s os + fs + ? ) os + fs + ?
6 6
s
Fs + C s+o
+ ∖
C oF n
8 F
( s + o) + n 6
( s + o) + n
6
n (s + o) + n
6 6 6 6
( o + fl ) t
a 8 aot ( c`s ft + l sag ft )
( h + gl )a( o +fl ) t + (h ∖ gl )a( o ∖fl )t 8 6a ot ^ h c`s ft ∖ g sag ft X
S@KQCB@G
Opkbcoh`s trogse`rhodos
trogse`rhodos o codo hbahfr` da ko acuocbóg dbearagcbok<
d bearagcbok<
d 3Y 3
K 3 8 s Y( s ) ∖ s 6 x(9) ∖ sx ' (9) ∖ x" (9) 8 s 3Y ( s ) ∖ 5 s 6 + : s ∖ ?1
dt 6
d Y
K 6 6 8 6^ s 6 Y( s) ∖ sx(9) ∖ x ' (9)X 8 6^ s 6 Y( s) ∖ 5 s + :X 8 6 s 6Y ( s) ∖ ?6
?6 s + ?4
dt
dY
K ∖ 8 ∖^ sY ( s) ∖ x(9)X 8 ∖ sY ( s) + 5
dt
K ∖6 Y 8 ∖6Y ( s)
Vaahpkozogd`<
Y ( s) ∖ 5s + : s ∖ ?1 + 6 s 6Y ( s) ∖ ?6s + ?4 ∖ s Y( s) + 5 ∖ 6 Y( s) 8 9
3 6
s
Y ( s )( s
3
+ 6s 6 ∖ s ∖ 6) + (∖5s 6 + : s ∖ ?1 ∖ ?6s + ?4 + 5) 8 Y ( s)( s 3 + 6s 6 ∖ s ∖ 6) ∖ 5s 6 ∖ 1s + 1 8 9
Agt`gcas<
+5s 6 + 1s ∖ 1
Y ( s ) 8
( s 3 + 6 s 6 ∖ s ∖ 6)
Eoct`rbzoh`s y opkbcoh`s ak hât`d` da Eroccb`gas Yorcbokas<
+5s 6 + 1s ∖ 1 +5 s 6 + 1s ∖ 1 O F C
Y ( s ) 8 8 8 + +
( s + 6 s ∖ s ∖ 6) ( s + ?)( s + 6)( s ∖ ?) s + ? s + 6 s ∖ ?
3 6
Y`dah`s rasuhbr ak pr`cadbhbagt` ag cuotr` pos`s< (B) Opkbcor ko trogse`rhodo o ohf`s kod`s da ko
acuocbóg dbearagcbok, (BB) Saporor ko trogse`rhodo da ko eugcbóg raquarbdo c`h` ugo eugcbóg ag s> (BBB)
Axprasor ko trogse`rhodo c`h` c`hfbgocbóg da axprasb`gas eïcbkhagta bgvartbfkas> (BU) Bgvartbr k`s
c`hp`gagtas.
Sbagd`
Sbagd` ugo bjuok
bjuokdod
dod,, huktbp
huktbpkb
kbcoh
coh`s
`s ohf`s kod`s p`r s 6 + 6 s + 6 y sb s 8 ∖? ∖ l
ohf`s kod`s
6 6 ∖? + l
8 F ( ∖? ∖ l ) + C 8 8 ∖? + l 8 (∖ F + C ) ∖ Fl
∖? ∖ l ∖? ∖ l ∖? + l
s< F 8 ∖? y C 8 ∖6
Agt`gcas<
Agt`gca
6 ? ∖s ∖ 6 ? ∖s ∖? ∖? ? s +? ?
8 + 8 + 8 ∖ ∖
( ) s 6 + 6 s + 6 s s 6 + 6 s + 6 s ( s + ?) + ?6 ( s + ?) + ?6
6 6
s s + 6s + 6
6
s
OKTAVGOTBUO 6<
6
8 +
? Fs + C
8
(s 6
+ 6 s + 6 ) + s ( Fs + C ) s 6 + 6 s + 6 + Fs 6 + Cs (? + F ) s 6 + ( 6 + C ) s + 6
8 8
(
s s + 6s + 6 ) s + 6s + 6 s ( s + 6s + 6 ) s ( s + 6s + 6 ) s ( s + 6s + 6 )
6 6 6 6 6
s
∖f f6 ∖ 4oc
@L@ Ok Eoct`rbzor usogd` ko eórhuko x 8 , g`tor qua poro 6 s 6 + 4s + 6 8 9 ko eórhuko
6o
orr`lo k`s eoct`ras ( s + ?)( s + ?) par` ( s + ?)( s + ?) 6s 6 + 4s + 6 !!
VOBCAS HÜKTBYKAS
? O F C D
] ( s ) 8 8 + + +
( s + ?) ( s + ?)
3 3 6
s s +?
( ) s ( s + ?)
Yoro s 8 9 O 8 ?
3
? O s + ?
( ) 6
Yoro s 8 -? 8 + F + C ( s + ?) + D ( s +?) F 8 ∖?
s s
dt
8
s
dt
+ 9 + (s
C ( s + ?) )
+ D ( s + ?)
6
dt dt
( )
∖6
3 O ( s + ?)6 O s +?
( )
3
d ? ? d C 6 d s
6 6s s
6
8 ∖ 8 O + Fs + s 8 F + C 8 F +
C ∖
dt ( s + 6) ( s + 6)
6 dt s + 6 dt s + 6 s + 6 6
( s + 6)
? ? s 6 ∖ s ∖ 6 ? / 6 ? / 4 ? / 4
?
Yoro s 8 9 < ∖
8 F 8 ∖ Osè < 8 ∖ +
(9 + 6)
6 4 s ∖ s ∖ 6 ( s + 6) s 6 s 6
6 s s+6
YV@FKAHO H@DAK@
6
Asta hât`d` opr`vacmo ko copocbdod da ugo cokcukod`ro MY4x/MY19 poro ras`kvar acuocb`gas
sbhuktïgaos<
s6 + 6 O F Cs + D O s 6 + 6 s + 1 + Fs s 6 + 6s + 1 + s 6 ( Cs + D )
( ) ( )
J ( s ) 8 8 + + 8
( s + 6s + 1 s s + 6s + 1
) s s + 6s + 1 ( )
6 6 6 6 6 6
s s
( F + C ) s + ( O + 6 F + D) s + ( 6 O + 1 F) s + 1 O
3 6
J ( s ) 8
(
s 6 s 6 + 6s + 1 )
Ro qua ag ak dag`hbgod`r `rbjbgok sók` moy s ok axp`gagta 6 y ok axp`gagta 9, p`dah`s craor kos
sbjubagtas acuocb`gas sbhuktïgaos<
F + C 8 9
O + 6 F + D 8 ?
6 O + 1 F 8 9
1 O 8 6
Qsogd`
hotrbcaskosbjubagtas<
cokcukod`ro MY19, usoh`s ko `pcbóg da s`kucbóg da acuocb`gas sbhuktïgaos bgjrasogd` kos
9 ? ? 9 O
9
? 6 9 ?
• F 8 ?
6 1 9 9 C 9
1 9 9 9 D 6
(Ko sacuagcbo as< “À 4.S`kva kbg sys… ‗ ¶, bgjrasor ko hotrbz da c`aebcbagtas,
i˛S@KUA , i).
i˛‗ ¶, bgjrasor ko hotrbz da vok`ras bgdapagdbagtas, i˛
Ak rasuktod` as<
6
1
4
S`kutb`gs < ∖ 461 agt`gcas,
61
63
61
4 63
s + 6 ? 4 ? 4 ?2
6 ? 4 ? s +? 6
J ( s) 8 6 ∖ + 8 ∖ + +
61 61
1 s 61 s ( s + ?) + 66 1 s 6 61 s 61 ( s + ?) + 66 19 ( s + ?) + 66
6 6 6
Ebgokhagta<
6 4 4 ∖t ?2 ∖ t
J (t ) 8 t∖ + a c`s 6t + a sbg 6t
1 61 61 19
QG@ HOS
?
Bgvartbr ko trogse`rhodo< Y ( s ) 8
4s 4 + 4s 3 + ?: s 6 + ?5s + 4
S`kucbóg
Qsogd` ko cokcukod`ro MY19j, ko eugcbóg da eoct`rbzocbóg puada usorsa c`g ak sbjubagta pr`cadbhbagt`<
…Ú3.EOCT@V
EOCT@V(”4x4 + 4x3 + ?:x6 + ?5x + 4‒) 8 (x + 9.1) 6( x6 + 4)4
Agt`gcas<
? ?/ 4 O F Cs + D
Y ( s ) 8 8 8 + +
4s + 4s + ?: s + ?5s + 4 s + 9.1 s +4
4 3 6 6 6 6
( s + 9.1) ( s 6 + 4 ) ( s + 9.1)
6
8
( ) (
O s 6 + 4 + F ( s + 9.1) s 6 + 4 + ( Cs + D ) ( s + 9.1 ) )
6
( s + 9.1) ( s 6 + 4)
Qsogd` ko cokcukod`ro MY19, IÚ?.C@KKACT<
6
C@KKACT(” O x ( 6
+ 4 ) + F ( x + 9.1) ( x 6 + 4 ) + ( Cx + D ) ( x + 9.1 ) ‒) 8
8
F C D
( F + C ) x3 + O + + C + D x 6 + 4F + + D ] + 4 O + 6F +
6 4 4
Agt`gcas<
F + C 8 9
F
O + +C +D8 9
6
C
4 F + +D89
4
D ?
4 O + 6 F + 8
4 4
Qsogd` “À 4.S`kva kbg sys… ‗ ¶, bgjrasor ko hotrbz da c`aebcbagtas, i˛‗ ¶,
bgjrasor ko hotrbz da vok`ras bgdapagdbagtas, i˛ i˛S@KUA , i
?
9 ? ? 9 ?:
? ? ? ? O 9 O 4
6
F 9
F
? 8 9 > 8 6=2
9 4 ? C C 4
4 D ? ∖ 6=2
? 4 D
?1
4 6 9 ∖
4
6=2
? / ?: 4 / 6=2 (4 / 6=2) s ∖ (?1 / 6=2) ? ? 4 ? 4 s ?1 6
Y ( s ) 8 + + 8 + + ∖
( s + 9.1 ) s + 9.1 s +4 ?: ( s + 9.1 ) 6 6=2 s + 9.1 6=2 s 6 + 4 1:= s 6 + 4
6 6
? ∖t / 6 4 ∖ t / 6 4 ?1
Y (t ) 8 t a + a ∖ c`s( 6t ) ∖ sag( 6t )
?: 6=2 6=2 1:=
S`kucbóg
Qsogd` ko MY4x/MY19 sa bgjraso ak c`hogd` YOVTEVOC<
YOVTEVOC(”(]+?)/(=*]W4+:4*]W3+693*]W6+?:4*]+41)‒)
Sa `ftbaga<
6 6 ∖6 ∖=
41 + ?13 + 41 + ?13
6 ] + ? ] + 1 ] + 3 4 ] + 3
Vas`kvbagd`<
? ∖?t 6 6 6 ∖ 3 t
Y (t ) 8 a 6
+ a ∖1t
∖ a ∖3t
∖ a 4
41 ?13 41 ?13
OM@VO SB AK ÜKTBH@ … …
? ( ∖9.1s + ?)
C( s) 8
s ( 9.1s + ?) ( 6s + ?)
S`kucbóg
Qsogd` ko MY4x/MY19 sa bgjraso ak c`hogd` BKOY<
BKOY((-9.1*]+?)/((9.1*]+?)*(6*]+?)*]))
Vasukto<
-?.5555555555:ºa-.1º] + a9 + .5555555555:º a-.6º]
D`gda ] aqubvoka o ‛t‘.
‛t‘.