Mathematical Modelling of Water/ ethanol based system

Equations of pervaporation

Where, 𝑓𝑠 and 𝑓𝑤 are the fugacity of alcohol and water respectively. 𝑃𝑠𝑠 and 𝑃𝑤𝑠
are the vapour pressure of alcohol and water at feed temperature. 𝑥𝑠 , 𝑥𝑤 , 𝑦𝑠 , and
𝑦𝑤 are the mole fraction of alcohol in liquid, mole fraction of water in liquid,
mole fraction of alcohol in vapour, mole fraction of alcohol in vapour phase
respectively. P is the pressure in permeate side (vapour phase) and T is the
temperature in feed side (Liquid Phase). 𝛾𝑠 and 𝛾𝑤 are the activity coefficients of
alcohol and water in feed section only. “lmdel’ is log mean deference and define
as

𝑓𝑠𝑑 − 𝑓𝑠𝑢
𝑙𝑚𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑠 =
𝑓𝑠𝑑⁄
𝑓𝑠𝑢
Where, 𝑓𝑠𝑑 is fugacity at downstream section and 𝑓𝑠𝑢 is fugacity in
upstream section.
Subscript s represents alcohol and subscript w represents water.

Calculation of fugacity and activity coefficients:

In pervaporation, high vacuum is maintained at permeate side
(downstream). Therefore, Ideal gas law is applicable. Thus fugacity of
the alcohol and water at downstream can be calculated as
𝑓𝑠𝑑 = 𝑃 𝑦𝑠
and
𝑓𝑤𝑑 = 𝑃 𝑦𝑤
On the other hand, feed is present in liquid state in pervaporation
process. If feed is an ideal solution then fugacity and activity
coefficient can be calculated as
𝛾𝑠 = 𝛾𝑤 = 1
For non-ideal solutions like ethanol water system values of activity
coefficients can be calculated by using Margules Model as given below
ln 𝛾1 = [𝐴12 + 2(𝐴21 − 𝐴12 )𝑥1 ]𝑥22
ln 𝛾2 = [𝐴21 + 2(𝐴12 − 𝐴21 )𝑥2 ]𝑥12

Here, 𝐴12 and 𝐴21 are the constant for ethanol/water system there
values are

Here 1 represent ethanol and 2 represent water

Values of fugacity for solutions in liquid phase can be calculated as
𝑓𝑠𝑢 = 𝑃𝑠𝑠 𝛾𝑠 𝑥𝑠
and
 𝑓𝑤𝑢 = 𝑃𝑤𝑠 𝛾𝑤 𝑥𝑤
Calculations of vapour pressure
Vapour pressure can be calculated by Antoine equation
𝐵
log10 𝑃𝑖𝑠 = 𝐴 −
𝐶+𝑇
Where, 𝑖 = 𝑠 for ethanol and 𝑖 = 𝑤 for water. T is feed temperature.
A, B and C are the constant there values are given below