Functions of Epithelium

1. Covering of external surfaces

2. Lining of internal surfaces
3. Protection
4. Absorption
5. Secretion
6. Sensation
7. Contraction

2 Main Kinds of Epithelium

1. Covering and lining epithelium
o Covers outer surfaces of body and lines internal body passages

2. Glandular epithelium
o Contains cells specialized for secretion

Characteristics of Epithelium
• Basal lamina anchors epithelium to underlying connective tissue.
• Epithelial cells are very cohesive due to intercellular junctions.
• Epithelial cells vary a lot in shape and size.
• Epithelial tissues are avascular.
• Epithelial cells demonstrate polarity.

Structure of Epithelium
1. Basement membrane
2. Connections between cells
3. Specialized apical structures

Basement membrane = basal lamina + reticular lamina

Functions of Basal Lamina

1. Structure: attaches epithelium to connective tissue
2. Organization: arranges plasma membrane proteins in the basal membrane
3. Filtration: regulates movement of material between epithelium and connective tissue.

 “Basal lamina” and “basement membrane” are sometimes used interchangeably.

 The basal lamina is part of the basement membrane. They are not the same thing.