28/01/2021 How to install Ansible on Fedora 32 for IT and server automation - nixCraft

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How to install Ansible on Fedora 32 for IT

and server automation
Author: Vivek Gite
Last updated: September 29, 2020
0 comments

H
ow do I install Ansible on Fedora 32 workstation? How can I set up and
test Ansible playbooks using my Fedora Linux desktop?

Introduction – Ansible is a free and open source configuration management

tool. It is similar to Chef or Puppet. It works over SSH based session and does
not need any software or client/agent on remote servers. One can use Ansible to
manage Linux, Unix, macOS, and *BSD family of operating systems. This page shows
how to install ansible and set up your first Ansible playbook on Fedora Linux
29/30/31/32.

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Procedure to install Ansible on Fedora 32

. Update your Fedora 32 system, run: sudo dnf update

. Install Ansible on Fedora 32, run: sudo dnf install ansible

. Upgrade Ansible in Fedora 32, run: sudo dnf upgrade ansible

. Set up ssh key-based authentication

. Test Ansible

Step 1. Fedora Linux install Ansible

Type the following dnf command to update Fedora box:

$ sudo dnf update

$ dnf search ansible

Find out information about the Ansible package, run:

$ dnf info ansible

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Sample outputs:

Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:41 ago on Tue Sep 29 09:29:00 2020.
Available Packages
Name : ansible
Version : 2.9.13
Release : 1.fc32
Architecture : noarch
Size : 15 M
Source : ansible-2.9.13-1.fc32.src.rpm
Repository : updates
Summary : SSH-based configuration management, deployment, and task
: execution system
URL : http://ansible.com
License : GPLv3+
Description : Ansible is a radically simple model-driven configuration
: management, multi-node deployment, and remote task execution
: system. Ansible works over SSH and does not require any
: software or daemons to be installed on remote nodes. Extension
: modules can be written in any language and are transferred to
: managed machines automatically.

Installing Ansbile on Fedora Linux

Finally, type the following dnf command:

$ sudo dnf install ansible

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Find the Ansible version

We can verify the Ansible version by running the following command:

$ ansible --version

Sample outputs:

ansible 2.9.13
config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
configured module search path = ['/root/.ansible/plugins/modules', '/usr/share/ansible/plugin
ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python3.8/site-packages/ansible
executable location = /usr/bin/ansible
python version = 3.8.5 (default, Aug 12 2020, 00:00:00) [GCC 10.2.1 20200723 (Red Hat 10.2.1-

Step 2. Set up ssh keys on a Linux or Unix

First, create the key pair using the ssh-keygen command on your Fedora Linux
desktop/workstation:

$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "Desktop ssh key"

Next, copy and install the public key in remote Linux/Unix/BSD servers using the ssh-
copy-id command:

$ ssh-copy-id -i $HOME/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub user@ubuntu-server-ec2

$ ssh-copy-id -i $HOME/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub ec2-user@freebsd-server-
lightsail
$ ssh-copy-id -i $HOME/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub vivek@centos-server-
linode

Test password less log in using the ssh command:

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$ ssh vivek@centos-server-linode
$ ssh ec2-user@freebsd-server-lightsail

Faca pa e
Assine o clube de
Editora Intrínseca

Step 3. Test the Ansible

Our sample Ansible setup

First create an inventory file as follows on a control machine:

$ vi inventory

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Add hostnames/IP address of all remote Linux/*BSD servers:

## my vms/server hosted locally ##

[lanhosts]
192.168.2.203
192.168.2.207

## my vms/servers hosted by AWS (EC2/Lightsail) ##

[awshosts]
vm1.cyberciti.biz

## my Linode VMs ##
[linodehosts]
vm2.cyberciti.biz

Next run the uptime command command and lsb_release command on two hosts
located in my LAN i.e. lanhosts group as user vivek:

$ ansible -u vivek -i inventory -m raw -a 'uptime' lanhosts

$ ansible -u vivek -i inventory -m raw -a 'lsb_release -a' lanhosts

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Step 4. Writing your first Ansible playbook to manage

Linux/Unix servers
First, update your inventory file to indicate user name and method to become sudo on
the remote server. Here is my updated hosts file displayed with the cat command:

cat inventory

Sample config file:

[all:vars]
ansible_user='vivek' # Username for ssh connection
ansible_become='yes' # Run commands as root user?
ansible_become_pass='PasswordForVivekUser' # Password for sudo user i.e. ansible_user password
ansible_become_method='sudo' # How do I become root user? Use sudo.
 
## my vms/server hosted locally ##
[lanhosts]
192.168.2.203 ansible_python_interpreter='/usr/bin/python2'
192.168.2.207 ansible_python_interpreter='/usr/bin/python3'
 
## my vms/servers hosted by AWS (EC2/Lightsail) ##
[awshosts]
vm1.cyberciti.biz
 
## my Linode VMs ##
[linodehosts]
vm2.cyberciti.biz

A playbook is nothing but scripts/commands that executed on the remote box. Create a
playbook named test.yml as follows using a text editor such as vim command/nano
command:

vim test.yml

Append the following code:

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---
- hosts: lanhosts
 
tasks:
- name: Get hostname for testing purpose
command: /bin/hostname
changed_when: False
register: hostname
 
- debug: var={{ item }}
with_items:
- hostname.stdout

Playbooks in Ansible use Yaml. Next, run it as follows from Fedora Linux
workstation/control machine:

$ ansible-playbook -i inventory test.yml

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A note about password stored in an insecure format

Take a close look at the following config directory in inventory file:

ansible_become_pass='PasswordForVivekUser'

It is a bad idea to store password and other sensitive information in clear text format. Let
us fix this:

$ vim inventory

Find:

ansible_become_pass='PasswordForVivekUser'

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Replace:

ansible_become_pass='{{ my_user_password }}'

Save and close the file. Next create a new encrypted data file named passwords.yml, run
the following command:

$ ansible-vault create passwords.yml

Set the password for vault. After providing a password, the tool will start whatever
editor you have defined with $EDITOR. Append the following:

my_user_password: your_password_for_ansible_user

Save and close the file. Run it as follows:

$ ansible-playbook -i inventory --ask-vault-pass --extra-vars

'@passwords.yml' test.yml

Click to enlarge
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For more information read: How to set and use sudo password for Ansible Vault.

Adding user using the Ansible playbook

Say you need to add a new user named wwwjobs all hosts in lanhosts group. Create a
new playbook named add-user.yml:

---
- hosts: lanhosts
tasks:
- name: Add a new user to my Linux VMs with password disabled but allow ssh log in
user:
name: wwwjobs
comment: "Account to run jobs for our web server"
shell: /bin/bash
groups: sudo
append: yes
password: *
- name: Upload ssh key for user wwwjobs for log in purpose
authorized_key:
user: vivek
state: present
manage_dir: yes
key: "{{ lookup('file', '/home/vivek/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub') }}"

Run it as follows:

$ ansible-playbook -i inventory --ask-vault-pass --extra-vars

'@passwords.yml' add-user.yml

How to add and remove packages

In this example, we are going to add and remove packages using the apt command for
all hosts located in linodehosts group. Create a file named ubuntu-software.yml:

---
- hosts: linodehosts

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tasks:
- name: Add a list of software on Linode VMs ...
apt:
name: "{{ packages }}"
state: present
vars:
packages:
- vim
- unzip
- htop
- atop
- iftop
- nmon
- sysstat
- iotop
- nicstat
- vnstat
- name: Delete a list of software from Linode VMs ...
apt:
name: "{{ packages }}"
state: absent
vars:
packages:
- nano

Again run it as follows:

$ ansible-playbook -i inventory --ask-vault-pass --extra-vars

'@passwords.yml' ubuntu-software.yml

Conclusion
And there you have it, Ansible set up and tested to manage Linux or Unix boxes. Ansible
works very fast for repeated tasks such as adding users in bulk, installing software,
configuring *BSD/Linux/Unix boxes. YAML takes a little time to master but easy to learn.
See Ansible documentation for more info:

Ansible documents

Linux user module document

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Debian/Ubuntu apt module document

How to use Ansible vault to keep sensitive data such as passwords or keys in
encrypted files

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