Bernal, Gabriel Nicholas A.

11-Rua

1. Describe the possible disaster that can result in ground shaking. What factors can be used to
assess any possible disaster?
The possible disasters such as avalanches, landslides and mudslides, may damage different
infrastructures, buildings, and animal habitats. Factors such as assessing any potential
catastrophe, probabilistic risk assessment can be used to determine which events and losses are
likely to occur. Furthermore, analyzing the given data we would be able to evaluate existing
exposure and vulnerability in different areas.

2. If you own a property situated in an earthquake-prone area, what is the first thing you must do?
The very first thing I would do is make a plan in preparing for a sudden occurrence of an
earthquake. And that plan is by first checking our surroundings since it is crucial to do so. Second
is stocking up on supplies such as food, water, first aid kit and, etc. Next is checking the different
hazards present in our household for us to be wary of it. Lastly, sharing my knowledge regarding
these things with my family and finding out the different emergency routes we can take during a
disaster.
3. Give examples of human activities that can induce landslides after an earthquake. Illustrate
those activities. Show physical factors that may cause landslides (e.g., slope of the ground,
structures on top of the soil, soil makeup).
Human activities that can induce landslides after an earthquake are construction activities,
slash-and-burn, clear-cutting, and mining and quarrying. Construction activities such as the
construction of roads and railways may obstruct or alter natural water drainage. Which has the
possibility of making water move to a different path which saturates slopes and if there is a case
of heavy rainfall or flooding occurs, landslides may happen. Slash-and-burn or also known as the
“kaingin system” is a method that cuts and burns down existing vegetation even different
animal habitats resulting in soil erosion. When places such as the mountains are exposed to this
tradition, it becomes uncovered and may result in a landslide. Clear-cutting is a method of
different logging companies in cutting down all trees in a specific area. With this in mind,
deforestation will occur and disrupt the stability of soil and expose mountains or hillsides to
greater amounts of rainfall, increasing the probability of a landslide. Mining and quarrying
operations are an excruciating method for the environment since explosives are involved in
gathering ore deposits. And due to the vibrations from the explosion landslides are bound to
happen. Physical factors that may cause landslides are changes in water level, changes in
groundwater, slope steepness, earthquakes, and volcanic activity.
4. If you were a seismologist, how else would you improve a seismometer? You can read up about
the three-component seismograph.
What is the importance of a seismometer? What discoveries were made because of the
seismometer?
5. Base from the map shown in the figure, the provinces with high risk of earthquake hazards are
Surigao fault tracks from Surigao del norte up to the province of Surigao del Sur while the main
island which is known to have the lowest risk is Visayas.
6. Whenever a disaster occurs in our country, I and my family members try our very best in helping
those in need. Because with the simple acts of kindness such as donating relief goods,
participating in different relief programs, sharing knowledge about people who need rescuing
goes a long way and promotes one of the famous Filipino habits which is “kabayanihan”. We do
this not for recognition or to improve one’s character, but to be a person that gives hope to our
fellow countrymen while they face struggles and difficulties after a disaster.

7. Tiny ridged rock and natural glass particles are blasted into the air by ash fall. Ash can damage
electrical systems, contaminate water supplies, interrupt sewage, destroy communication
equipment, and destroy vegetation. Ash fall causes irritation of the eyes and upper airways, as
well as exacerbation of pre-existing respiratory illness.

8. A pyroclastic flow is a thick, rapidly moving stream of solidified lava, volcanic ash, and hot gases.
Certain volcanic eruptions produce it. A pyroclastic flow is incredibly hot, and everything it
comes into contact with will be burned. It has the potential to travel at speeds of up to 200
meters per second. Different types of pyroclastic flows exist. If you get caught in one, it will kill
you because it is really hot and choking.

9. The chlorophyll destroys, the green color fades, and the yellow to orange hues emerge,
contributing to the leaves' fall beauty. Other chemical modifications, such as the formation of
red anthocyanin pigments, may occur at the same time.

10. Mount Pinatubo, which erupted in 1990, is located in Western Luzon. The provinces of Tarlac,
Pampanga, and Zambales were all affected by the Pinatubo eruption.