Information

Representation
Number Systems
Denary, Binary, Hexadecimal, Conversions,
Definitions
Denary
▸ Decimal Numbers
▸ 0-9
▸ Base 10
Thousands Hundreds Tens Units

103 102 101 100

1000 100 10 1

9 1 7 5

9*1000 + 1*100 + 7*10 + 5*1 = (9173)10

Binary
▸ Each digit known as a bit
▸ 0&1
▸ Base 2
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0

1*64 + 1*32 + 1*8 + 1*2 = (106)2

Denary to Binary
Division Method
Hexadecimal
▸ One Hex can represent 4 binary bits
▸ 0 - 9… A - F
▸ Base 16
163 162 161 160

4096 256 16 1

3 4 A F

3*4096 + 4*256 + 10*16 + 15*1 = (13486)16

 Denary to Hex
Division Method
Binary to Hex
&
Hex to Binary
Basic Definitions

▸ Bit: smallest unit of digital representation

▸ Nibble: a group of four bits

▸ Byte: a group of eight bits treated as a single unit

Numbers & Quantities
Types, Prefixes
Types of Numbers

Type Example

Integer 3 or 47

Signed Integer -3 or (+)47

Fraction ⅔ or 52/17

Decimal -37.85 or 2.83

Exponential Notation -3.6 x 108 or 4.2 x 10-9

Decimal Prefix

Name Symbol Factor

kilo k 103

mega M 106

giga G 109

tera T 1012
Binary Prefix

Name Symbol Factor

kibi Ki 210

mebi Mi 220

gibi Gi 230

tebi Ti 240
Internal Coding
One’s/Two’s complement, Binary
Arithmetic, Binary Coded Decimal
One’s Complement
Two’s Complement
Binary Arithmetic
Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division

0+0=0 0-0=0 0x0=0 0 / 0 = N/A

0+1=1 0 - 1 = 10 - 1 0x1=0 0/1=0

1+0=1 1-0=1 1x0=0 1 / 0 = N/A

1 + 1 = 10 1-1=0 1x1=1 1/1=1

Binary Coded Decimal
▸ Storage of binary value representing
one denary digit in a nibble
Internal Text Coding
ASCII Code, Unicode
ASCII Code
▸ American Standard Code for Information
Interchange

▸ Two Sections
▹ Non-Printable: system codes between 0-31
▹ Standard: 7-bit character table between
32-127

▸ Majority of codes are for characters of the English

language

▸ Requires less space

Unicode

▸ Superset of ASCII (First 128 chars are same)

▸ Supports 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit depending on

encoding

▸ All languages

▸ Requires more space

Compression
Lossy vs Lossless