Consolidation:

Please examine the Respiratory System of this 60 year old man who presents
with cough.

Clinical Examination:

Classical Signs Additional Signs

- Tachypnoea - Sputum pot

- Normal or decreased chest - Tar staining
expansion - Cachexia
- Dull percussion note - Venflon (IV Antibiotics)
- Bronchial breathing
- Coarse crackles +/- pleural rub
- Central trachea
- Increased whispering pectoriloquy

Common discussion topics:

- Differentials
- What are the common causes of pneumonia?
- Complications of pneumonia
- Investigations
- Management

Quick Revision:
Differentials: Pneumonia, Consolidation with distal neoplasm, Collapse (expect
tracheal deviation) , Pleural effusion – stony dullness to percussion

Investigations Management

CXR Assess CURB score

ABG to assess hypoxia antibiotics as appropriate
CT chest if diagnosis unclear +/- +/- Oxygen
tumour markers +/- NIV
Sputum culture
Legionella and Pneumococcal testing
Consider HIV testing if atypical
pneumonia