Professional Documents
Culture Documents
we scored the prominence of the CEO's photography in annual reports as follows (Chatterjee &
Hambrick, 2007; Olsen et al., 2014): 1 for no photograph of the CEO; 2 if the CEO was photographed
with other executives; 3 if CEO's photograph was of him or her alone and occupied less than half the
page; 4 if CEO's photograph was of him or her alone and occupied more than half of the page but not
the whole page; and 5 if CEO's photograph was of him or her alone and occupied the whole page.
we measured the size of the CEO's signature by measuring the rectangular space it occupied in annual
reports (Ham et al., 2017).
1-Corporate Governance, Political Connections and Firm Performance: The Role of Political Regimes and
Size (Sabeeh Ullah1 Yasir Kamal2 2019) Global Business Review
This article empirically examines the relationship between corporate governance and firm financial
performance, and the interplay of political connections of 150 non-financial listed Pakistani firms
ranging from 2001 to 2014.(political connections as moderator)
2-Board Characteristics, Political Connections, and Corporate Cash Holdings: The Role of Firm Size and
Political Regime
This paper examines the relationship of board characteristics with cash holding, and the interplay of
political connections on this relationship. For this purpose, panel data of 150 non-financial firms ranging
from 2001 to 2014 are used.
3-Do firms harvest from political connections during general elections? Case of Pakistan
This paper aims to examine the impact of general elections on the stock returns of the politically
connected group affiliated firms of Pakistan
7- Political connections and firm operational efficiencies: evidence from a developing country (The
dependent variable, INVESTMENT, is the ratio of the investment expenditure divided by the total assets,
where investment expenditure is taken as the change in fixed assets between year t - 1 and t plus
depreciation in year t)
10- The role of political connection in access to finance, technology and new ventures success in
emerging markets.