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(1) M. Mann: The Dark Side of the Democracy
(2) Hobbs : Social Contract
(3) J.Lock: Two Treatise of Government
(4) G.W.F. Hegal: The Philosophy of History
(5) S.Elden : Reading Kant's Geography
(6) Kant: Anthropology from the Pragmatic Point of View.
(7) Chirstopher w. Monis : The social contract Theorists : Essays on Hobbes Lock & Rosseau
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(1) American National Biography Online
(2) C. Waldrep :The Many Faces of judge Lynch: Extralegal Violence and Punishment in America.
(3) J.A. Culture, LYNCH - LAW : An Investigation in to the history of lynching in the United
States.
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Few people are able to read about lynch-executions, with atrpoxcious forms of torture and cruel death,
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It has been suggested that since 3600 B.C., there have been only 292 years without war, and
each decade since 1816 has averaged twenty-two wars.It is estimated that more than 150
million people have died from war-related deaths since 3000 B.C.

"Each of the centuries prior to the sixteenth accounted for less than 1 percent of all war
deaths. In fact all of them added together accounted for little more than 4 percent of these
deaths, while almost 96 percent of war deaths were estimated to occur in the modern period
of history, 1500-2000."Seventy-three percent of all war-related deaths since 3000 B.C. have
occurred in the twentieth century A.D." Civilian deaths have been a large part of the increase
in war deaths. According to UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, "UN sources estimate that at
least three-quarters of the casualties of recent conflicts have been civilians, though the precise
numbers are not known. " Over half of the civilians, though war victims of the past decade
have been children, including two million dead and six million physically disabled since
1990.
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Most of the war throughout history have occurred in the past two centuries. perhaps more
disturbing.
from the point of global security, it is a shocking fact... that in some ways we are living
through one of the worst decades in modern history. The 1970s were the decade with the
most war onsets of all types. This was not an insolated spike, as 1960s and 1980s were also
worse decades than average. And while the data for the 1990s are not complete, the 1990s will
likely win the dubious distinction of being one of the two most war-prone decades [along
with the 1970s] since the Congress of Vienna.
Juliet Kaarbo . -James Lee Ray Global Politics, Wadsworth publishing 10 edition (Febuary
2010)chap 5 International Confilct p.162,163]
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What Rawls is saying is that there is in a constitutional liberal democracy a tradition of
thought which it is our job to explore and see whether it can be made coherent and
consistent... We are not arguing for such a society. We take forgranted that today only a fool
would not want tolive in such a soceiety... If one cannot see the benefits of living in a liberal
constitutional democracy, if one does not see the virtue of that .ideal, then I do not know how
to convince him. To be perfectly blunt,sometimes I am asked,when I go around speaking for
Rawls, What do you say to an Adolf Hitler? the answer is [nothing]. You shoot him. You do
not try to reason with him. Reason hasno bearing on this question. So I do not want to discuss
it (Burton Derben "On Rawls & Political Liberalism'' in the cambridge companion to Rawls
[ed.S.R.,Freeman] UK: Cambridge University Press USA 2003 Page 328-329)
xi Zw_gzZ[fL{zl»÷ìg}Šg Z Œ /cŠÃݬá Zz¶ *
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This is because the purpose of the criminal law is to uphold basic natural duties those which
forbid us to injure other persons in their life and limb or to deprive them of their liberty and
property and punishments are to serve this end.
In a well ordered society there would be no need for the penal law except law except insofar
as the assurance problem made it necessary.
Since each person is free to plan his life as he pleases (so long as his intentions are consistent
with the principles of justice) unanimity concerning the standards of rationality is not
required. [John Rawls: Chapter The Right and the Good Contrasted, in Theory of Justice,
Cambridge, Mass: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1971. p.221]
wJB‚Æ ÄZÑÃx Âx! fÆ ¹F,Q}Ñçx Ó7„ eØZ'
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Since the technological revolution is itself irresistible
The only remaining alternative is that of intelligent, voluntary acceptance of the industrial
way of life and values that go with it.
We need make no apology for recommending such a course. Industrial society is the most
successful way of life mankind has ever known. Not only do our people eat better, sleep
better, live in more oomfortable dwellings get around more in far greater comfort and ... live
longer than man have ever done before. In addition to listening to radio and wtching
television, they read more books see more pictures and hear more muscic than any previous
generation or any other people ever has. At the height of the technological revolution we are
now living in a golden age of scientific enlightenment and artistic achievement.
For all who achieve economic development profound cultural change is
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inevitable..[C.E.Ayers, The Theory of Economic Progress: A Study of the Fundamentals of Economic
Development and Cultural Change, New York: Schocken Books, 1962, pp. xxiv-xxv.]

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"America is the only country which seeks not to please God but to please ourselves". "we have
the right to forgive ourselves the crimes we committed"(R. Rorty Achieving our Country 1998
p73 )
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The educated middle class of Islamic Countries will bring about an Islamic Enlightenment,
but this will not have any thing much to do with a dialogue with Islam.
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It has been suggested that since 3600 B.C., there have been only 292 years without war, and
each decade since 1816 has averaged twenty-two wars.It is estimated that more than 150
million people have died from war-related deaths since 3000 B.C.
"Each of the centuries prior to the sixteenth accounted for less than 1 percent of all war
deaths. In fact all of them added together accounted for little more than 4 percent of these
deaths, while almost 96 percent of war deaths were estimated to occur in the modern period
of history, 1500-2000."Seventy-three percent of all war-related deaths since 3000 B.C. have
occurred in the twentieth century A.D." Civilian deaths have been a large part of the increase
in war deaths. According to UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, "UN sources estimate that at
least three-quarters of the casualties of recent conflicts have been civilians, though the precise
numbers are not known. " Over half of the civilians, though war victims of the past decade
have been children, including two million dead and six million physically disabled since
1990.
Most of the war throughout history have occurred in the past two centuries. perhaps more
disturbing.
from the point of global security, it is a shocking fact... that in some ways we are living
through one of the worst decades in modern history. The 1970s were the decade with the
most war onsets of all types. This was not an insolated spike, as 1960s and 1980s were also
worse decades than average. And while the data for the 1990s are not complete, the 1990s will
likely win the dubious distinction of being one of the two most war-prone decades [along
with the 1970s] since the Congress of Vienna.
Juliet Kaarbo . -James Lee Ray Global Politics, Wadsworth publishing 10 edition (Febuary
2010)chap 5 International Confilct p.162,163]
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in the last 16 years ($33 billion) and CPEC loans and investment (of more than $60
billion).[Express Tribune, 10-3-2018]
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Asia loosing 89 billion Dollar a year by failing recognized women enconomic worth

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