Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Understanding Astronomy An Astrologers Guide
Understanding Astronomy An Astrologers Guide
"#$%& '()#$*#+
)'(& ,#,-.
!!"
"## "
"%%&&' ' (())((**++' ' ,,%% -
-..//00++11
!
!""#
"" %
# %&& '
(
()
' )*
* ' +
+&
' + &,
,# &
#
& '
*
'
*
#
BQ@FS4-$Q@GQ8 $4-STQTKU
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
:SF\$0F
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
$'()&+
_
0TQ-FQ-4
G2(+&3'<(6&2 [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ LZ
BD1E+1)17 [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ ZY
-6?* [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ Z_
:12<)12E1 [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ _Y
$22*P'+*7 [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ MY
M
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
G2(+&3'<(6&2
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
\&+ 1 C*+; A&2E (6?*H ()* F1+() 917 ()&'E)( (& %* 4D)*+6<1A 123 1(
()* 0*2(*+ &> ()* B26C*+7*. $AA &()*+ &%=*<(7 9*+* ()&'E)( (& %*
+*C&AC62E +&'23 6(. G26(61A 63*17 &> ()* +&(1(6&2 &> ()* F1+() 1%&'( 6(7
1P67 123 ()* +*C&A'(6&2 &> F1+() 1+&'23 ()* 4'2 <1?* >+&? ()*
8+**57 62 ()* 626(61A <*2('+6*7 $.@. @'+62E ()67 D*+6&3 ?&C*?*2(
&> 7(1+7 9*+* +*<&+3*3 7;7(*?1(6<1AA; 123 <1(1A&E'*7 &> 7'<)
?&(6&27 9*+* 3&<'?*2(*3.
Q& 9&23*+ ()*2 ()1( 9*H 17 1 )'?12 +1<*H )1C* 7(1+(*3 (& ()625 &>
&'+ 7D*<6*7 17 %*62E C*+; D&9*+>'A 123 <1D1%A* &> ?12; %6E
1<)6*C*?*2(7. I'( 1+* 9* +*1AA; 7& D&9*+>'Ae S*13 &2.
N'7( >&+ 1 ?&?*2(H 177'?* ;&' A6C* 62 1 D1A1(61A %'6A362E 123 D+63*
;&'+7*A> 1%&'( ()* 71?*. U&' A65* (& 7)&9 &>> ;&'+ )&'7* (& &()*+7
123 7(+*77 &2 ()* >1<( ()1( ()* )&'7* 67 )'E*. $77'?* 1A7& ()1( ;&'
`
U&' 1A7& +*1A6]* ()1( ()* F1+() 9)6<) ;&' <1AA 17 C*+; >6+? V-*++1
\6+?1X 67H 62 >1<(H 76?DA; >A&1(62E 62 7D1<*. J*A3 %; QT-JGQ8 ff
\+6E)(*262EH 672W( 6(e U&' 96AA 1A7& 7** 6( +&(1(62E 1%&'( 6(7 &92
1P67 123 1A7& ?&C62E 796>(A; 62 >+** 7D1<* A65* 12 1'(&?&%6A* &2 1
)6E)91;. c)*+* 67 6( E&62Ee
c)1( 67 (+'* >&+ ()* F1+() 67 1A7& (+'* >&+ 1AA &%=*<(7 62 ()* '26C*+7*.
-)* '26C*+7* 67 >'AA &> >A&1(62E &%=*<(7. F1<) &%=*<( 67 *P*+(62E 6(7
&92 62>A'*2<* V9)1( 67 2&9 7<6*2(6>6<1AA; <1AA*3 E+1C6(1(6&21A
1((+1<(6&2X &2 6(7 2*6E)%&+7. -)'7 ()*+* 67 1 (&(1AA; 62(*+3*D*23*2(
7;7(*? &> >&+<*7 9)6<) 1+* )&A362E 1AA &%=*<(7 (&E*()*+ 17 &2* '26(.
462<* ()* 367(12<*7 %*(9**2 ()* >A&1(62E &%=*<(7 1+* *P(+*?*A;
A1+E* 123 ()* 1((+1<(6C* >&+<*7 +*3'<*7 62 D+&D&+(6&2 (& ()* 7d'1+*
&> ()* 367(12<* %*(9**2 ()* &%=*<(7H ()*7* 62(*+3*D*23*2( >&+<*7
1A&2* <12W( )&A3 1AA ()* ?&C62E 123 +&(1(62E >A&1(62E &%=*<(7 >6+?A;
(&E*()*+ >&+ A&2E D*+6&37. $ A&( &> %1A12<62E 67 2**3*3. -)*+* ?'7(
%* 7&?* 7(+&2E*+ >&+<* 1<(62E &2 *1<) &%=*<(.
12 &'(91+3 >&+<* &2 ()* +*C&AC62E &%=*<(. V\&+ *.E. 6> ;&' )&A3 1
%'<5*( >'AA &> 91(*+ 62 1 7(+*(<)*3 )123 123 +*C&AC* ()* %'<5*(
1+&'23 ()* 7)&'A3*+H ()* 91(*+ 96AA 2&( 7D6AA &'( 6> ()* 7D**3 &>
+*C&A'(6&2 67 >17( *2&'E)X. G> ()67 &'(91+3 >&+<* 67 <&'2(*+ %1A12<*3
%; 12 &DD&762E 1((+1<(6C* >&+<* A65* ()* E+1C6(1(6&21A >&+<*H ()*
&%=*<( <12 %* 5*D( 62 D&76(6&2 62 >+** 7D1<*.
-)* <*2(+1A &%=*<( ?*2(6&2*3 1%&C* 917 <1AA*3 ()* 4BQ %; &'+
71E*7 V 123 67 7& <1AA*3 *C*2 (&31; fX 123 ()* 9)&A* 7;7(*? 9)6<)
)17 ()* 4'2 1( ()* <*2(*+ 67 <1AA*3 ()* 4&A1+ 4;7(*? V4T^ ?*127
4'2X. G( 67H 62 >1<(H TBS 7&A1+ 7;7(*?. -)* 7(+*77 &2 bTBSW 67
%*<1'7* ()*+* 1+* ?6AA6&27 &> 7'<) 4BQ7 123 ?6AA6&27 &> 7'<) 4&A1+
7;7(*?7 62 ()* '26C*+7*.
Q& &2* 52&97 >&+ 7'+* )&9 ()67 9)&A* <&?DA6<1(*3 7;7(*? <1?*
62(& *P67(*2<*. T2* ()*&+; 9)6<) <&2(62'*7 (& %* 963*A; 367<'77*3
67 <1AA*3 ()* IG8[I$Q8 ()*&+;. 4&?* C*+; )'E* *PDA&76&2 VI6E
I12EX (&&5 DA1<* 62 1 +&(1(62E %1AA &> >6+*. @'* (& ()67H 12 *2&+?&'7
1?&'2( &> *2*+E;H E17*7 123 3'7( 9*+* *=*<(*3 62 1AA 36+*<(6&27 %;
()* +&(1(62E >6+*%1AA V^65* ()* O67)2' 0)15+1 A6( 62 @691A6X 17
7)&92 62 5*+ !6.
<5725=263 ;'2<58;
5<: 358592:;
"
$7 ()* *=*<(*3 *2(6(6*7 ?&C*3 >1+()*+ 123 >1+()*+ >+&? ()* 76(* &>
*PDA&76&2H ()*; <&&A*3 3&92 123 7&?* &> ()* E17*7 123 3'7(
7&A636>6*3 (& >&+? &%=*<(7 V7(1+7X. 4(6AA 62 12 &'(91+3 7D6+1A62E
"L
(*
(&
()
(+
-)*+* 1+* 2& 1279*+7 (& ?12; 7*+6&'7 d'*7(6&27 1( ()67 7(1E*. J&9
363 12 '2*2362E *2*+E; E*( <&2<*2(+1(*3 62 ()* >6+7( DA1<*e c);
363 6( %'+7(e @&*7 ()* >6+*%1AA +*1AA; )1C* 12 '2*2362E *2*+E;e G>
2&(H >&+ )&9 A&2E 96AA 6( A17(e c)1( 67 ()* E'1+12(** ()1( ()* 9)&A*
""
7;7(*? 96AA 2&( <&AA1D7*e c)1( )1DD*27 6> ()* 7;7(*? +*1AA;
<&AA1D7*7e -)* d'*7(6&27 1+* *23A*77.
I'( 7'+*A;H ;&' 9&'A3 )1C* E&( ()* 1279*+ (& ()* d'*7(6&2 &>
>049? &> )'?127. c* )'?127 <&2763*+ &'+7*AC*7 (& %* C*+;
?6E)(; 9)*2 9* 1+* 1<('1AA; 1 ?6<+&7<&D6< ?6267<'A* &> 12&()*+
?6<+&7<&D6<1AA; ?6267<'A1+ D1+( &> ()67 '26?1E621%A; )'E* 123
D&9*+ D1<5*3 '26C*+7*H )*A3 (&E*()*+ 17 1 762EA* *2(6(; %; ()*
?6E)(6*7( &> 1AAH ()* $^KG8J-U. $ 2@AA29 '23*+7(12362E &> ()67
<&?DA*P 7;7(*? 67 ()* 7&'+<* &> &'+ >049? (&31;. ^*( '7 2&9
%*E62 ()67 >17<621(62E 7('3;.
"#
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
K&(6&2 &> T%=*<(7 62 4D1<*
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
?
2
5 , > 1
!/ !-
5 @ 'A#"BAA
1@ 5CDBAA
!/E - @ !DF""
51 @ *+GD# 5>"$
?7 @ *"(D# 5>"$
;@ ;H(
*@ *A#FH#, !#$%* :882'=2?58 I<12= I! *:<?J<K
V\6P D627 1( 12; (9& D&62(7 &2 1 D6*<* &> D1D*+. -6* 1 A&&7*
()+*13 %*(9**2 ()* (9& D627. 4(+*(<) ()* ()+*13 '762E 1 D*2<6A
(6D 5**D62E ()* A*13 &> ()* D*2<6A &2 ()* D1D*+. K&C* ()*
D*2<6A 1 >'AA +&'23 1+&'23 ()* D627. -)* D1() (+1<*3 &2 ()*
D1D*+ 67 12 *AA6D7*X. G( )17 (9& >&<1A D&62(7 VA65* ()* D627 >6P*3
&2 ()* D1D*+X. -)* A62* =&6262E ()* (9& >&<66 *P(*2362E (& ()*
*AA6D(6<1A &+%6( 67 <1AA*3 ()* ?1=&+ 1P67. -)* 1P67
D*+D*236<'A1+ (& ()67 >+&? ()* <*2(*+ &> ()* *AA6D7* 67 <1AA*3
()* ?62&+ 1P67. -)* 4'2 67 1( &2* &> ()* (9& >&<66. -)* D&62(
&2 ()* &+%6( <A&7*7( (& ()* 4'2 67 <1AA*3 ()* :FSG8FF 123 ()*
>1+()*7( D&62( 67 <1AA*3 ()* $:T8FF.
"R
c)*2 ()* ?1=&+ 123 ?62&+ 1P67 1+* *d'1A 62 A*2E()H ()* &+%6(7
%*<&?*7 <6+<'A1+.
#. -)* A62* =&6262E ()* 4'2 123 ()* +*C&AC62E &%=*<( 79**D7
*d'1A 1+*17 62 *d'1A (6?*7. 4** 5*+;C.
I1L:?= 5= 5 I1L:?= 5=
=2*: @ =/ =2*: @ =-M%
!/
?
1 I1L:?= 5=
=2*: @ =-
I1L:?= 5=
=2*: @ =/M%
-)67 ?*127 ()1( ()* T%=*<( ?&C*7 >17(*+ 9)*2 6( 67 <A&7*+ (&
()* 4'2. G( 67 >17(*7( 1( :*+6E** 123 7A&9*7( 1( $D&E**. G2
J623' $7(+&A&E; ?&(6&2 67 +*>*++*3 (& 17 0J$S$. O1+;62E
7D**37 1+* 6236<1(*3 %; ()* 9&+37 $-G0J$S$H K$Q@$
*(<.
R. -)* 7d'1+* &> ()* D*+6&3 &> +*C&A'(6&2 &> ()* &%=*<( 67
D+&D&+(6&21A (& ()* <'%* &> 6(7 367(12<* >+&? ()* 4'2. -)67
?*127 ()1( ()* &%=*<( 2*1+*+ (& ()* 4'2 )17 1 7?1AA*+ D*+6&3
&> +*C&A'(6&2.
$?&2E ()* 2'?%*+ &> &%=*<(7 62 &'+ 4&A1+ 7;7(*?H &'+ 71E*7
63*2(6>6*3 4FOFQ &%=*<(7 9)6<) )1C* 12 62>A'*2<* &2 ()* A6C*7 &>
)'?127 A6C62E &2 ()* F1+(). -)*7* 9*+* <1AA*3 ()* 4BQH KTTQH
K$S4H KFS0BSUH NB:G-FSH OFQB4 123 4$-BSQ. -9& 2&2
D);76<1A &%=*<(7 V(& %* *PDA162*3 A1(*+X <1AA*3 S$JB 123 /F-B
9*+* 1A7& <&2763*+*3 <1D1%A* &> 62>A'*2<*. -)*7* QGQF &%=*<(7
9*+* <1AA*3 8SGJ$7 V:^$QF-7X. -)* '71E* &> ()* (*+? :A12*( 67
2&( 7<6*2(6>6<1AA; C*+; <&++*<( >&+ 1AA ()* Q62* &%=*<(7 %'( ()1( 67 ()*
(*+? '7*3 62 $7(+&A&E;. G2 A1(*+ ;*1+7 -JSFF ?&+* DA12*(7 )1C*
"Y
%**2 133*3 (& ()* A67(. -)*7* 1+* BS$QB4H QF:-BQF 123
:^B-T. c6() ()* 4'2 1( &2* \&<66H ()* DA12*(7 62 ()* 17<*2362E
&+3*+ 96() +*>*+*2<* (& ()* 367(12<* >+&? ()* 4'2 1+* K*+<'+;H
O*2'7H K1+7H N'D6(*+ 123 41('+2 V2&( <&2763*+62E B+12'7H Q*D('2*
123 :A'(& 1( D+*7*2(X. F1+() )17 6(7 &+%6( %*(9**2 ()&7* &> O*2'7
123 K1+7. -)* &+%6( &> F1+() 67 2*1+A; <6+<'A1+. KTTQ +*C&AC*7
+&'23 ()* F1+(). -)1( 67H ()* F1+() 67 ()* >&<1A D&62( >&+ ()*
*AA6D(6<1A D1() &> ()* K&&2. -)* <&?DA*(* 4&A1+ 4;7(*? 67 7)&92 62
5*+;D.
;5=
*:<
;J6
O:6
LJ'
*II6
:5<=P
*5<;
-)* 4'2 67 ()* 0E2F 7&'+<* &> A6E)( 62 ()* 4&A1+ 4;7(*?. T()*+
:A12*(7 76?DA; +*>A*<( ()* A6E)( +*<*6C*3 >+&? ()* 4'2.
"Z
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
0&2='2<(6&2 123 TDD&76(6&2
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
^&&5 1E162 1( 5*+D; -)* DA12*(7 K*+<'+; 123 O*2'7 9)6<) )1C*
()*6+ &+%6(7 62 %*(9**2 ()* 4'2 123 ()* &+%6( &> ()* F1+() 1+* <1AA*3
GQ\FSGTS :A12*(7 &+ GQQFS :A12*(7. -)* DA12*(7 K1+7H N'D6(*+
123 41('+2 V9* 96AA 6E2&+* DA12*(7 %*;&23 41('+2 1( D+*7*2(X 9)6<)
)1C* ()*6+ &+%6(7 %*;&23 ()1( &> ()* F1+() 1+* <1AA*3 4B:FSGTS
:A12*(7 &+ TB-FS :A12*(7.
Q&9 <&2763*+ ()* 4'2H F1+() 123 &2* ?&+* DA12*(. c* 96AA >6+7(
<&2763*+ 12 62>*+6&+ DA12*(H 71; K*+<'+;. -)* ?&(6&2 &> F1+() 123
K*+<'+; 1+&'23 ()* 7(1(6&21+; 4'2 67 3*D6<(*3 62 5*+G;
G26(61AA; 177'?* ()1( ()* &+%6(1A D&76(6&27 &> 4'2H K*+<'+; 123 ()*
F1+() >&+? 1 7(+16E)( A62*. G2 7'<) 1 D&76(6&2 ()* DA12*(7 1+* 7163 (&
%* 62 0TQNBQ0-GTQ. G2 1 <&2='2<(6&2H %&() ()* 4'2 123
K*+<'+; 96AA %* C676%A* >+&? ()* F1+() 62 1 4-S$G8J- ^GQF 123
62 ()* 71?* @GSF0-GTQ. -)* <&2='2<(6&2 67 <1AA*3 GQ\FSGTS
0TQNBQ0-GTQ 9)*2 K*+<'+; 67 %*(9**2 F1+() 123 4'2. c)*2
()* 4'2 67 %*(9**2 F1+() 123 K*+<'+; ()* <&2='2<(6&2 67 <1AA*3
4B:FSGTS 0TQNBQ0-GTQ.
"_
Q*P(H <&2763*+ ()* 4'2H F1+() 123 1 7'D*+6&+ DA12*(H 71; N'D6(*+.
-)* ?&(6&2 &> F1+() 123 N'D6(*+ 1+&'23 ()* 7(1(6&21+; 4'2 67
3*D6<(*3 62 5*+ K.
"M
$77'?* 1E162 ()1( 1AA ()* ()+** DA12*(7 1+* 626(61AA; 62 1 7(+16E)(
A62*. G2 7'<) 1 D&76(6&2H ()* DA12*(7 1+* 7163 (& %* 62 4B:FSGTS
0TQNBQ0-GTQ 6> ()* 4'2 123 N'D6(*+ 1+* &2 ()* 71?* 763* &> ()*
F1+(). -)*; 1+* 7163 (& %* 62 T::T4G-GTQ 6> ()*; 1+* &2 &DD&76(*
763*7 &> ()* F1+(). 462<* ()* 7'D*+6&+ DA12*( <12W( <&?* %*(9**2
()* F1+() 123 4'2H -)*+* 0$QW- %* 12 G2>*+6&+ <&2='2<(6&2
62C&AC62E 4'D*+6&+ DA12*(7.
G2 ()* <17*7 62C&AC62E 7'D*+6&+ DA12*(7H ()* &+%6( &> ()* F1+() 67
<A&7*+ (& ()* 4'2. $7 7'<)H ()* F1+() (15*7 1 A*77*+ (6?* (&
<&?DA*(* 1 +*C&A'(6&2 1+&'23 ()* 4'2 ()12 ()* 4'D*+6&+ DA12*(.
-)'7H 9)*2 F1+() <&?DA*(*7 1 >'AA +*C&A'(6&2 1+&'23 ()* 4'2H ()*
4'D*+6&+ DA12*( 9&'A3 )1C* <&?DA*(*3 &2A; 1 >+1<(6&2 &> 6(7
+*C&A'(6&2. -)'7H 1 +*D*1( &> ()* &+6E621A D&76(6&2 9&'A3 &<<'+
%*>&+* ()* DA12*( <12 <&?DA*(* 1 >'AA +*C&A'(6&2 1+&'23 ()* 4'2. G2
()67 <17* (&&H ()* 4;2&36< :*+6&3 &> N'D6(*+ 67 ()* (6?* 62(*+C1A
%*(9**2 (9& &DD&76(6&27 &+ (9& <&2='2<(6&27 123 ()* 463*+1A
D*+6&3 67 ()* (6?* 2**3*3 >&+ 1 >'AA +*C&A'(6&2 1+&'23 ()* 4'2.
J&9*C*+H 62 ()67 <17*H ()* 4;2&36< :*+6&3 &> N'D6(*+ 67 A*77*+ ()12
6(7 463*+1A :*+6&3 V6( 67 ?&+* >&+ K1+7X. S*>*+ 5*+7 6L IE3 66 >&+ 1
D6<(&+61A +*D+*7*2(1(6&2 &> ()* 1%&C*.
"`
I&() <&2='2<(6&27 123 &DD&76(6&27 <12 &<<'+ %*(9**2 12; (9& &+
?&+* DA12*(7 *C*2 6> 4'2 67 2&( 62C&AC*3. \&+ *.EH 1 7'D*+6&+
<&2='2<(6&2 <12 &<<'+ %*(9**2 K*+<'+; 123 K1+7 &+ 12 &DD&76(6&2
<12 &<<'+ %*(9**2 N'D6(*+ 123 41('+2 9)6A* N'D6(*+ <12 %*
<&2='2<( 96() K*+<'+; 123 O*2'7 1( ()* 71?* (6?*. $ D6<(&+61A
+*D+*7*2(1(6&2 67 E6C*2 62 5*+ 6<.
"g
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
S*(+&E+*776&2
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
\6+7( &> 1AA +*?*?%*+ ()1( >6C* &> ()* 7*C*2 D);76<1A DA12*(7
+*C&AC* 1+&'23 ()* 76P() DA12*( 9)6<) 67 ()* 4'2. 4& 3&*7 ()*
F1+(). -)* K&&2 +*C&AC*7 +&'23 ()* F1+(). VS1)' 123 /*(' 1+* 2&(
D);76<1A DA12*(7 123 1+* 2&( <&2763*+*3 )*+*. @*(16A7 &> ()*7* (9&
2&2[D);76<1A DA12*(7 96AA %* 367<'77*3 *A7*9)*+* 62 ()* %&&5.X
c6() ()* 1%&C* 6276E)(H 6( <12 %* d'6<5A; '23*+7(&&3 ()1( ()* 4'2
123 K&&2 <12 )1C* 2& +*(+&E+13* ?&(6&2. -)* (9& 62>*+6&+ DA12*(7
123 ()* ()+** 7'D*+6&+ DA12*(7 96AA &2A; %* <&2763*+*3 2&9. c*
%*E62 96() 12 62>*+6&+ DA12*(H 71; O*2'7. 462<* O*2'7 67 1 >17(*+
#"
?&C62E DA12*( ()12 ()* F1+()H 9* 96AA 177'?* ()1( ()* F1+() 67
7(1(6&21+; 123 O*2'7 67 ?&C62E 96() 1 7D**3 *d'1A (& ()*
36>>*+*2<* &> 7D**37 &> O*2'7 123 F1+(). c* 96AA 7('3; ()* ?&(6&2
&> O*2'7 96() +*>*+*2<* (& ()* 7(1(6&21+; F1+() 1+&'23 ()*
7(1(6&21+; 4'2.
c* %*E62 96() ()* D&76(6&2 &> 4'D*+6&+ 0&2='2<(6&2 &> O*2'7 123
4'2. S*?*?%*+62E ()1( DA12*(7 ?&C* 12(6<A&<5967*H O*2'7 96AA %*
626(61AA; 7**2 3+6>(62E 191; >+&? ()* 4'2 17 6( D+&E+*77*7 ()+&'E)
()* D&62(7 "H# 123 R 62 12 12(6<A&<5967* 36+*<(6&2 V7** 5*+;6BX.
462<* ()* F1+() ?&C*7 >17(*+ ()12 ()* 4'D*+6&+ DA12*(H ()* DA12*( 67
177'?*3 (& %* 7(1(6&21+; 123 ()* F1+() 67 177'?*3 (& ?&C* 96()
()* 36>>*+*2<* &> 7D**37 &> ()* F1+() 123 ()* DA12*(. $7 %*>&+*H ()*
+*C&A'(6&2 67 1+&'23 1 7(1(6&21+; 4'2 123 ()* 36+*<(6&2 &>
+*C&A'(6&2 67 12(6<A&<5967*.
T2<* 1E162 9* %*E62 96() ()* D&76(6&2 &> 4'D*+6&+ <&2='2<(6&2 &>
()* 4'2 123 ()* 4'D*+6&+ DA12*(H 71; 41('+2. $7 ()* F1+() ?&C*7
()+&'E) D&62(7 "H# 123 RH 41('+2 7**?7 (& ?&C* 62 12
12(6<A&<5967* 36+*<(6&2. \+&? D&62( Y (6AA D&62( _H 6( 96AA 1DD*1+ (&
<)12E* 36+*<(6&2H ?&C* <A&<5967* (& +*1<) TDD&76(6&2 123
<&2(62'* (6AA D&62( _. \+&? D&62( M &291+37H 6( 96AA 1E162 7**? (&
?&C* 12(6<A&<5967*. -)* <A&<5967* ?&(6&2 &> 41('+2 67 <1AA*3 6(7
S*(+&E+13* ?&(6&2 17 62 ()* <17* &> 62>*+6&+ DA12*(7.
#R
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
I176< $7(+&2&?6<1A -*+?7
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
G( 67 (6?* 2&9 >&+ 7&?* ?&+* 3*(16A7. c* %*E62 96() ()* F1+().
-)* F1+() 67 2&( >'AA; 7D)*+6<1A. G( 67 >A1((*2*3 1( (9& *237 123
7A6E)(A; %'AE*3 1( ()* <*2(+1A D1+(. -)* <*2(*+7 &> ()* >A1((*2*3
D&+(6&27 1+* <1AA*3 :T^F4. -)* A62* =&6262E ()* (9& D&A*7 ()+&'E)
()* <*2(*+ &> ()* F1+() 67 <1AA*3 ()* :T^$S $hG4 V 5*+;6DX.
-)* A&<'7 &> 1 D&62( ?&C62E 1+&'23 12&()*+ >6P*3 D&62( 62 7'<) 1
91; ()1( ()* 367(12<* %*(9**2 ()* (9& 67 <&27(12( 67 <1AA*3 1 <6+<A*.
$ <6+<A* *2<A&7*7 12 12EA* &> R_L @F8SFF4. :1+(7 &> ()67 <6+<A*
1+* <1AA*3 $+<7 123 ()*7* *2<A&7* >+1<(6&27 &> R_L @F8SFF4. -&
*21%A* >+1<(6&27 (& %* 3*(*+?62*3H 7?1AA*+ '26(7 &> KGQB-F4 123
4F0TQ@4 1+* 1C16A1%A*. T2* @*E+** *d'1A7 _L K62'(*7 &> $+<
9)6A* T2* K62'(* 67 _L 4*<&237 &> $+<. -)* 2&(1(6&27 1+*,
&
T2* @*E+** j "
&
T2* K62'(* j "W 96() " j _LW
#Y
$2; <6+<A* 3+192 96() 6(7 <*2(*+ 17 ()* <*2(*+ &> ()* F1+() 123
+136'7 *d'1A (& ()1( &> ()* F1+() 96AA <'( ()* 7D)*+6<1A F1+() 62(&
(9& )1AC*7. 4'<) <6+<A*7 1+* <1AA*3 8SF$- 0GS0^F4. G> ()* <6+<A*
67 3+192 62 1 DA12* D*+D*236<'A1+ (& ()* Q[4 D&A1+ 1P67H ()* 8+*1(
06+<A* 67 <1AA*3 ()* FlB$-TS &> ()* F1+() V-FSSF4-SG$^
FlB$-TSX. -)* Fd'1(&+ 36C63*7 ()* F1+() 62(& (9& *d'1A )1AC*7
<1AA*3 JFKG4:JFSF4. -)* D&+(6&2 <&2(16262E ()* Q[:&A* 67
<1AA*3 ()* QTS-JFSQ JFKG4:JFSF 9)6A* ()* D&+(6&2
<&2(16262E ()* 4[:&A* 67 <1AA*3 ()* 4TB-JFSQ JFKG4:JFSF. G>
()* Fd'1(&+ 67 *P(*23*3 62 1AA 36+*<(6&27 62>626(*A;H ()* 1+*1 <&C*+*3
%; ()* 62>626(* <6+<A* 67 <1AA*3 ()* :^$QF T\ FlB$-TS &+ ()*
FlBG-TSG$^ :^$QF. -)* *d'1(&+61A DA12* 2*<*771+6A; D177*7
()+&'E) ()* <*2(*+ &> ()* F1+().
06+<A*7 ?1; 1A7& %* 3+192 D1+1AA*A (& ()* *d'1(&+ 96() 6(7 <*2(*+ &2
()* Q[4 :&A1+ 1P67 *P<A'362E ()* <*2(*+ &> ()* F1+() 123 1 +136'7
7'>>6<6*2( (& +*1<) ()* 7'+>1<* &> ()* F1+(). 4'<) <6+<A*7 1+* <1AA*3
4K$^^ 0GS0^F4. I&() ()* <6+<A*7 1+* 7)&92 62 5*+ 6G.
4*?6<6+<A*7 3+192 >+&? ()* Q[:&A* (& ()* 4[:&A* 96() ()* <*2(+* 17
()* <*2(*+ &> ()* F1+() 123 ()* +136'7 *d'1A (& ()1( &> ()* F1+() 1+*
<1AA*3 KFSG@G$Q4. G> 1 K*+63612 D177*7 ()+&'E) 1 DA1<* &2 ()*
#Z
5*+;6H 7)&97 ()* 3*(16A7 &> ^&2E6('3* 123 ^1(6('3*. $2; DA1<* &2
()* F1+() 67 *P1<(A; A&<1(*3 %; 1 52&9A*3E* &> 6(7 ^&2E6('3* 123
^1(6('3*.
#_
G> 12 &%7*+C*+ 67 7(12362E &2 ()* 7'+>1<* &> ()* F1+() ()* A62*
=&6262E )67 )*13 123 >**( 96AA %* 1A&2E 1 +136'7 &> ()* F1+() 123 ()*
?*+63612 &> ()* DA1<* 9)*+* )* 67 7(12362E 96AA ?15* 12 12EA* &>
gL 3*E+**7 96() ()67 A62*. G> )* A&&57 C*+(6<1AA; 'DH )* 96AA %*
A&&562E 62 1 36+*<(6&2 1A&2E ()* +136'7 &'(91+37. -)67 36+*<(6&2 67
<1AA*3 ()* mFQG-J 123 ()* &DD&76(* 36+*<(6&2 (&91+37 ()* <*2(*+ &>
()* F1+() 67 <1AA*3 ()* Q$@GS. G> )* A&&57 7(+16E)( 627(*13 &>
'D91+37H )67 C6*9 96AA %* 1A&2E ()* 7'+>1<* &> ()* F1+(). J* <12
('+2 1+&'23 1 >'AA R_L 3*E+**7 123 <12 7** 17 ?'<) &> ()* F1+()W7
7'+>1<* 17 ()* A62* &> 76E)( D*+?6(7 62 12; 36+*<(6&2. \&+ *.E. 6> )* 67
2*1+ ()* 7*1H )* <12 7** (6AA ()* 75;A62* 1DD*1+7 (& ?*+E* 96() ()*
7*1 91(*+7. -)* 1+*1 <&C*+*3 %; 7'<) 1 )&+6]&2(1A C6*9 123
*P(*23*3 62>626(*A; 62 1AA 36+*<(6&27 67 <1AA*3 ()* JTSGmTQ &> ()*
DA1<*. -)* J&+6]&2 67 1A91;7 1 AIEM9EA (& ()* K*+63612 &> ()*
DA1<*. G( 67 7D*<6>6*3 %; ()* 36+*<(6&2 &> ()* &%7*+C*+. G> ()*
&%7*+C*+ 67 A&&562E 4&'()H ()* J&+6]&2 96AA %* ()* 4&'()*+2
J&+6]&2. G> ()* &%7*+C*+ 67 A&&562E F17(H 6( 96AA %* ()* F17(*+2
J&+6]&2. 5*+;6J 3*(16A7 ()* m*26() 123 ()* J&+6]&2 1( 1 DA1<*.
#M
462<* ()* F1+() <&2(62'&'7A; +*C&AC*7 +&'23 ()* 4'2 123 1A7&
+&(1(*7 1+&'23 6(7 &92 :&A1+ $P67H ()* ^1E21 <)12E*7 >+&? 31; (&
31; 123 >+&? (6?* (& (6?* &2 12; 31;. 462<* ()* J&+6]&2 1A7&
<)12E*7 >+&? DA1<* (& DA1<*H ()* ^1E21 (&& C1+6*7 >+&? DA1<* (&
DA1<* >&+ 1 E6C*2 31(* 123 (6?*.
#`
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
K&(6&2 &> F1+()
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
4*<&23A;H ()* F1+() +&(1(*7 1+&'23 6(7 Q[4 D&A1+ 1P67. -)* 36+*<(6&2
&> +&(1(6&2 67 12(6 <A&<5967*H >+&? c*7( (& F17(. T2* +&(1(6&2 67
<&?DA*(*3 62 #R )&'+7 123 Z_ ?62'(*7 96() +*>*+*2<* (& 1
7(1(6&21+; 367(12( 7(1+ V$ +&(1(6&2 67 7163 (& %* <&?DA*(* 96()
+*>*+*2<* (& 1 7(1(6&21+; &%=*<( 6> ()* 71?* &%=*<( %*<&?*7 C676%A*
1( ()* 71?* 12EA* 17 6( 917 %*>&+* ()* 7(1+( &> +&(1(6&2X 123 62 #Y
)&'+7 96() +*>*+*2<* (& ()* 4'2. -)* D*+6&3 &> 1 >'AA +&(1(6&2
+*<5&2*3 96() +*>*+*2<* (& 1 7(1+ 67 <1AA*3 ()* 4G@FS$^ :FSGT@
V463*+ ?*127 4(1+X 123 ()1( 96() +*>*+*2<* (& ()* 4'2 67 <1AA*3 ()*
4T^$S :FSGT@.
$ ()6+3 ?&C*?*2( 67 ()* 8;+1(6&2 &> ()* F1+() 1+&'23 ()* Q[4 1P67
96() ()* <*2(*+ &> ()* F1+() 17 ()* D6C&( VG?1E62* 1 7D62262E (&D
A&762E 7D**3X. -)67 67 1 C*+; 7A&9 ?&C*?*2( 123 2*1+A; #_LLL
U*1+7 1+* 2**3*3 >&+ &2* 8;+1(6&2 (& %* <&?DA*(*3.
-)* 36+*<(6&2 62 9)6<) ()* 4'2 7(1+(7 (& 1DD*1+ &2 ()* J&+6]&2 &> 1
DA1<* 7D*<6>6*7 ()* F$4-FSQ @6+*<(6&2 1( ()1( DA1<* 123 ()* (6?*
&> 1DD*1+12<* &> ()* 4'2 67 <1AA*3 ()* (6?* &> 4BQSG4F. $7 ()*
F1+() <&2(62'*7 6(7 12(6<A&<5967* +&(1(6&2H 1 D&62( 67 +*1<)*3 9)*2
()* 4'2 67 C676%A* 1( ()* m*26() &> ()* DA1<*. -)* 4'2 67 2&9
D&76(6&2*3 *P1<(A; 62 A62* 96() ()* K*+63612 &> ()* DA1<*. -)67 (6?*
67 <1AA*3 QTTQ. -)* D*+6&3 %*>&+* Q&&2 67 <1AA*3 $Q-G[
KFSG@G$Q V$KX. $7 ()* F1+() <&2(62'*7 6(7 +&(1(6&2H ()* :T4-[
KFSG@G$Q V:KX D*+6&3 67 *2(*+*3. $ D&62( 67 +*1<)*3 9)*2 ()*
4'2 7(1+(7 (& 3671DD*1+ >+&? ()* J&+6]&2 &> ()* T%7*+C*+. N'7(
%*>&+* ()* 3671DD*1+12<*H ()* 4'2 67 C676%A* 62 1 36+*<(6&2 &DD&76(*
(& ()* F17( 123 67 <1AA*3 ()* cF4-FSQ 36+*<(6&2 >&+ ()1( DA1<*.
-)* (6?* &> 3671DD*1+12<* &> ()* 4'2 67 <1AA*3 ()* (6?* &>
4BQ4F-. $ 361E+1? 7)&962E ()* 1%&C* 67 62 5*+;6K. @1;[(6?*
+*>*+7 (& ()* D*+6&3 %*(9**2 4'2+67* 123 4'27*( 9)6A* Q6E)([(6?*
67 ()* D*+6&3 >+&? 4'27*( (& ()* 2*P( 4'2+67*.
RL
c* 96AA 2&9 7('3; ()* +*C&A'(6&2 &> ()* F1+() 1+&'23 ()* 4'2. $7
?*2(6&2*3 *1+A6*+H ()* F1+() <&?DA*(*7 &2* +*C&A'(6&2 1+&'23 ()*
4'2 62 R_Z.#Y## ?*12 4&A1+ 31;7 96() *1<) 31; *d'1A62E #Y )&'+7.
-)67 3'+1(6&2 67 <1AA*3 TQF UF$S.
\&'+ D&76(6&27 &> ()* F1+() 62 6(7 ?&(6&2 1+&'23 ()* 4'2 1+* 7)&92
62 5*+ <L . G2 D&76(6&27 " 123 RH ()* 4'2 A6*7 62 ()* Fd'1(&+61A DA12*
&> ()* F1+(). c)*2 ()* F1+() +&(1(*7 1+&'23 6(7 1P67 1( ()67 D&76(6&2H
()* 3'+1(6&27 &> @1; 123 Q6E)( 1+* *d'1A 1( ?&7( DA1<*7 &2 ()*
F1+() VQ*1+ ()* Q&+() 123 4&'() :&A*7H 4'2 67 2&( C676%A* >&+ ?12;
31;7 &+ *C*2 ?&2()7 V@+19 1 (12E*2( 123 <)*<5 >&+ ;&'+7*A> fX.
-)*7* DA1<*7 )1C* *P(+*?*A; A&2E 31; 123 26E)( (6?*7. -)*7*
*P<*D(6&21A <17*7 1+* 2&( <&C*+*3 62 ()* 7(1(*?*2( ?13*X. :&76(6&27
" 123 R 1+* ()*+*>&+* <1AA*3 FlBGQThF4. :&76(6&2 " 67 <1AA*3 ()*
7(
OFSQ$^ FlBGQTh 9)6<) &<<'+7 &2 ()* #" &> K1+<) *1<)
U*1+. :&76(6&2 R 67 <1AA*3 ()* $B-BKQ$^ FlBGQTh 123 &<<'+7
+3
&2 ()* #R &> 4*D(*?%*+ *1<) U*1+. $( ()*7* D&76(6&27H ()*
62(*276(; &> 4'2A6E)( >1AA62E &2 1 '26( 1+*1 1( 1AA DA1<*7 67 1A7&
2*1+A; ()* 71?*. :&76(6&2" +*>*+7 (& ()* 4:SGQ8 7*17&2 9)6A*
:&76(6&2 R +*>*+7 (& ()* $B-BKQ 7*17&2.
:&76(6&27 # 123 Y 1+* ?6391; %*(9**2 D&76(6&27 " 123 R &2 *6()*+
763* &> ()* &+%6(. @'* (& ()* G2<A621(6&2 &> ()* F1+()H ()* 4'2 67 2&9
2&( 62 ()* Fd'1(&+61A DA12* &> ()* F1+(). $A7&H 62 D&76(6&2 #H ()*
R"
()* DA12* &> &+%6( 67 62<A62*3 (& ()* Fd'1(&+ &> ()* F1+() 1( 12 12EA*
&> #R.Z 3*E+**7. -)* *d'1(&+ &> ()* F1+() 62 ()* 2&+?1A D&76(6&2
96() ()* Q 123 4 D&A*7 D&62(62E C*+(6<1AA; 'D 123 3&92H 6>
*P(*23*3 (& 62>626(; >&+?7 ()* 0F^F4-G$^ FlB$-TS. -)*
+136'7 &> ()* F1+() 6> *P(*23*3 (& 62>626(; >&+?7 1 7D)*+* 9)6<) 67
<1AA*3 ()* 0F^F4-G$^ 4:JFSF. -)* D&A*7H 6> *P(*23*3 (&
62>626(; >&+?7 ()* 0F^F4-G$^ :T^F4. -)* DA12* &> &+%6( &> ()*
4'2W7 1DD1+*2( ?&(6&2 67H ()*+*>&+* 62<A62*3 (& ()* Fd'1(&+61A DA12*
%; #R.Z 3*E+**7. -)* &+%6( 67 <1AA*3 ()* F0^G:-G0 123 ()* DA12* &>
()67 &+%6( 67 <1AA*3 ()* :^$QF T\ -JF F0^G:-G0 V 5*+ <6X.
-)* &+%6(7 &> 1AA DA12*(7 '7*3 62 $7(+&A&E; A6* 62 1 %*A( &> 1+&'23 g
3*E+**7 Q&+() 123 g 3*E+**7 4&'() 1%&'( ()* F<A6D(6<. -)67 %*A( 67
52&92 17 ()* mT@G$0.
-)* F<A6D(6< <'(7 ()* 0*A*7(61A Fd'1(&+ 1( (9& D&62(7. -)* >6+7(
D&62( 67 9)*2 ()* F<A6D(6< <+&77*7 ()* Fd'1(&+ 9)6A* ?&C62E >+&?
4&'() (& Q&+() &> ()* Fd'1(&+ V:&62( $ 62 \G8.#"X. -)* 7*<&23
D&62( 67 9)*2 6( ?&C*7 >+&? Q&+() (& 4&'() &2 ()* &DD&76(* 763*.
-)* >6+7( <+&7762E 67 <1AA*3 -JF \GS4- :TGQ- T\ $SGF4 123
3*(*+?62*7 ()* O*+21A Fd'62&P ?*2(6&2*3 *1+A6*+. -)* 7*<&23
D&62( &DD&76(* (& ()* >6+7( <&++*7D&237 (& ()* $'('?21A Fd'62&P.
RR
Q&9H 9* 96AA ('+2 &'+ 1((*2(6&2 (& ()* ()6+3 (;D* &> ?&(6&2 &> ()*
F1+(). -)67 67 ()* +*7'A( &> C1+;62E E+1C6(1(6&21A >&+<*7 >+&? ()*
4'2 123 K&&2 &2 ()* 7A6E)( %'AE*7 1( ()* Fd'1(&+ &> ()* *1+(). -)*
E+1C6(1(6&21A >&+<*7 C1+; %*<1'7* &> 7A6E)( C1+61(6&27 &> ()*
367(12<*7 123 ()* D&76(6&2 &> K&&2 C67[n[C67 ()* 4'2. T()*+ DA12*(7
1A7& )1C* ()*6+ *>>*<(7 %'( ()&7* &> ()* 4'2 123 K&&2 *>>*<( ()*
?&C*?*2( (& 1 C*+; A1+E* *P(*2(. -)*7* >&+<*7 <1'7* ()* F1+() (&
8;+1(* 6.*. ()* Q[4 D&A1+ 1P67 &> ()* F1+() ?&C*7 62 1 <6+<'A1+
>17)6&2 1+&'23 ()* 0*A*7(61A D&A*7. \&+ ?*17'+*?*2( D'+D&7*7H 6(
?1; %* 7**2 17 ()* 0*A*7(61A D&A*7 1+* +&(1(62E 62 1 <6+<'A1+ ?&(6&2.
-)* <6+<'A1+ ?&C*?*2( 67 1A7& 2&( 7?&&() %'( ()*+* 67 1 7A6E)(
9&%%A* VD'7)62E &> ()* Q[4 D&A*7 &> ()* F1+() 62 12 F17([c*7(
36+*<(6&2. -)67 D)*2&?*2&2 67 <1AA*3 QB-$-GTQ &> ()* F1+()X
RY
\&+ *.E. 62 <17* ()* U*1+ 67 #L"LH ()* ^1)6+6 $;121?71 67 V#L"L[
&
#`ZXiZL.R#k 9)6<) 9&+57 &'( (& #Y _W Y#k. G2 E*2*+1AH >&+ J623'
$7(+&A&E;H #@?IFIEI T07@A@0E U 'IFIEI T07@A@0E V )FIEI87I;
-)'7H 9)6A* ()* +&(1(6&2 &> ()* F1+() 1%&'( 6(7 Q[4 1P67 <1'7*7 31;
123 26E)(H 6(7 +*C&A'(6&2 1+&'23 ()* 4'2 <1'7*7 36>>*+*2( 7*17&27.
-)* *>>*<( &> 8;+1(6&2 67 (& <1'7* 1 7)6>( &> ()* O*+21A Fd'62&P %;
ZL.R#k c*7(91+3 *1<) ;*1+.
R_
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
K&(6&2 &> K&&2
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
c* 2&9 &'+ 1((*2(6&2 (& ()* K&&2. -)* K&&2 +*C&AC*7 +&'23 ()*
F1+() 123 F1+() >&+?7 ()* >&<'7 &> 6(7 &+%6(. G( 67 1A7& <1AA*3 1
4$-F^^G-F &> ()* F1+(). G(7 1C*+1E* 367(12<* >+&? ()* *1+() 67
RH`YLHLLL /?7H )17 1 +136'7 &> "MRL /?7 123 )17 1 ?177 &2A;
"o`" (6?*7 ()1( &> ()* F1+(). -)* 463*+1A D*+6&3 &> +*C&A'(6&2 67
#M.R#" 31;7 123 1 4;2&36< D*+6&3 &> #g.ZR 31;7. -)* &+%6( &> ()*
K&&2 67 2*1+A; <6+<'A1+. -)* &+%6( 67 62<A62*3 (& ()* F<A6D(6< 123 ()*
62<A621(6&2 12EA* ! C1+6*7 62 1 +12E* &> 2*1+A; "L 3*E+**7H Z 3*E+**7
&2 *6()*+ 763* &> ()* F<A6D(6<. -)* ^GQF T\ $:4G@F4 9)6<) 67 ()*
A62* =&6262E ()* :*+6E** 123 $D&E** &> ()* &+%6( +&(1(*7 1+&'23 ()*
K&&2. -)* ^'21+ Fd'1(&+ 67 1A7& 62<A62*3 (& 6(7 &+%6(. -)* &+%6( &>
()* K&&2 67H ()*+*>&+*H C*+; <&?DA6<1(*3. 4&?* 3*(16A7 &> ()* &+%6(
1+* E6C*2 62 5*+ <B;
G2 1336(6&2H ()* K&&2 )17 1 0$:-BSF@ ?&(6&2 6.*. ()* 71?* 763*
&> ()* K&&2 67 C676%A* >+&? ()* F1+() 1( 1AA (6?*7. G( )17 2& A6E)( &>
6(7 &92. G( &2A; +*>A*<(7 ()* A6E)( 6( +*<*6C*7 >+&? &()*+ 7&'+<*7H
?162A; ()* 4'2. G(7 $^IF@T 67 &2A; Mp. -)67 ?*127 ()1( &2A; Mp
&> ()* A6E)( >1AA62E &2 6( 67 +*>A*<(*3 %; ()* K&&2.
RM
c* 96AA 2&9 7('3; ()* &+%6( &> ()* K&&2 62 7&?* ?&+* 3*(16A. c*
96AA 3& 7& 62 ()+** 7*D1+1(* D1+(7. G2 ()* >6+7( D1+(H 9* 96AA 7('3; ()*
&+%6( 96()&'( 12; 62<A621(6&2 (& ()* Fd'1(&+. ^1(*+H 9* 96AA 7** ()*
*>>*<( &> 62<A621(6&2 &> ()* &+%6(. \621AA;H ()* *>>*<( &> D*+('+%1(6&27
&> ()* &+%6(7 1+* 367<'77*3.
c* %*E62 96() ()* 76?DA* &+%6(. 5*+ <C 7)&97 ()* 4'2 1( ()* <*2(*+H
()* F1+() 62 6(7 &+%6( 1+&'23 ()* 4'2 123 ()* K&&2 96() 6(7 &+%6(
+&'23 ()* F1+().
$7 ?*2(6&2*3 *1+A6*+H ()* K&&2 )17 2& A6E)( &> 6(7 &92 123 &2A;
+*>A*<(7 Mp &> ()* A6E)( 6( +*<*6C*7 >+&? ()* 4'2. G( 67 52&92 ()1( 12
&%=*<( 67 C676%A* (& '7 &2A; 6> 7&?* A6E)( >1AA7 &2 ()* &%=*<( &+ ()*
&%=*<( 6(7*A> *?6(7 7&?* A6E)( 123 ()* +*>A*<(*3 &+ *?6((*3 A6E)( 67
+*<*6C*3 %; &'+ *;*7. 462<* ()* 71?* 7'+>1<* &> ()* K&&2 >1<*7
()* F1+() 1A91;7 123 6(7 &+6*2(1(6&2 96() +*>*+*2<* (& ()* 4'2
<)12E*7 >+&? 31; (& 31; %*<1'7* &> 6(7 ?&C*?*2( 1+&'23 ()*
F1+()H 6( 9&'A3 %* 62(*+*7(62E (& 52&9 )&9 ()* K&&2 9&'A3 A&&5
A65* &2 36>>*+*2( 31;7.
-& '23*+7(123 ()* 71?* A&&5 1( 5*+ <D 9)*+* *6E)( D&76(6&27 &> ()*
K&&2 1+* 7)&92 62 6(7 &+%6( 1+&'23 ()* F1+().
R`
-)* D&76(6&27 1+* ?1+5*3 >+&? " (& `. -)* &+%6( 67 177'?*3 (& %*
<6+<'A1+ >&+ ()* D'+D&7* &> 367<'776&2. -)* >1<* &> ()* K&&2 9)6<)
67 (&91+37 ()* F1+() 67 ()* <6+<'A1+ 367< 96() 6(7 <*2(*+ 1( K 123
361?*(*+ 3*>62*3 %; : 123 l. -)67 367< 36C63*7 ()* K&&2 62(& (9&
J*?67D)*+*7 123 &2A; ()1( D1+( 9)6<) 67 (&91+37 ()* F1+() 67
C676%A* >+&? ()* F1+(). -)* F1+() 67 A&<1(*3 1( ()* <*2(*+ &> ()*
&+%6( 123 67 7)&92 17 1 7D)*+* 96() 6(7 <*2(*+ 1( F. -)* 4'2 67 1( 1
A1+E* 367(12<* 123 &2A; ()* D1+1AA*A +1;7 &> ()* 4'2 >+&? ()* A*>( 1+*
7)&92. -)* <6+<'A1+ 367< >&+?*3 %; 1 <6+<A* 96() <*2(*+ K 123
361?*(*+ 3*>62*3 %; S 123 4 +*D+*7*2( ()* D&+(6&2 &> ()* K&&2
9)6<) +*<*6C*7 ()* 7'2A6E)(. T2A; ()* A*>( )1A> &> ()* K&&2 V^*>(
J*?67D)*+*X 3*>62*3 %; ()* 367< SK4 +*<*6C*7 7'2A6E)(. -)67 >1<(H
<&'DA*3 (& ()* D1+( &> ()* K&&2 C676%A* >+&? ()* F1+() 7)&97 ()1(
()* F1+() +*<*6C*7 ()* +*>A*<(*3 A6E)( &2A; >+&? ()* &C*+A1DD62E
D&+(6&27 3*>62*3 %; ()* (9& J*?67D)*+*7 3*7<+6%*3 1%&C*.
$7 7(1(*3 *1+A6*+H ()* 4;2&36< D*+6&3 &> ()* K&&2 67 #g.ZR 31;7.
-)67 67 ()* (6?* 2**3*3 >+&? &2* $?1C17;1 (& ()* 2*P( &+ >+&?
&2* :'+26?1 (& ()* 2*P(. -)67 D*+6&3 <&++*7D&237 (& &2* ^BQ$S
KTQ-J VK$$4$X. -)67 67 1A7& <1AA*3 1 ^BQ$-GTQ. -9*AC*
7'<) ?&2()7 <&2767(62E &> RZY.R_ 31;7 <&++*7D&23 (& 1 ^BQ$S
UF$S V1A7& <1AA*3 4$KO$-4$S$X 62 J623' $7(+&A&E;. -)*
<1A*231+ ;*1+ <&++*7D&237 (& (9*AC* <1A*231+ ?&2()7 <&?D+6762E
&> 12 1C*+1E* &> R_Z.#Y## 31;7 V()* D*+6&3 &> &2* +*C&A'(6&2 &> ()*
F1+() 1+&'23 ()* 4'2. Fd'1A6(; 67 *7(1%A67)*3 %*(9**2 ()* (9& %;
13362E 7*C*2 1336(6&21A ^'21+ ?&2()7 62 "g 41?C1(71+17 A*1362E
(& 1 (&(1A &> #RZ ^'21(6&27 ;6*A362E _gRg.M 31;7 9)6<) 67 1A?&7(
()* 71?* D*+6&3 &%(162*3 62 "g <1A*231+ ;*1+7. -)* 133*3 ?&2()7
1+* <1AA*3 $@JG/$ K$4$4. -)67 ?*127 ()1( ()* 71?* D)17*7 &>
()* K&&2 96AA &<<'+ &2 71?* 31;7 &> ()* K&2() 17 "g ;*1+7 1E&
*P<*D( >&+ 1 36>>*+*2<* &> A*77 ()12 (9& )&'+7. -)67 <;<A* 67 <1AA*3
()* KF-TQG0 0U0^F. G( 67 1A7& <1AA*3 ()* ^BQG[4T^$S
0U0^F.
c* 2&9 <&2763*+ ()* *>>*<( &> 62<A621(6&2 &> K&&2W7 &+%6( 123
D*+('+%1(6&27 &> ()* &+%6(7 &> K&&2 123 F1+(). N'7( 17 ()*
YL
-)* ?&(6&2 &> K&&2 67 1A7& +*A1(*3 (& 12&()*+ D)*2&?*2&2. c)*2
()* K&&2 >&+?7 1 4'D*+6&+ 0&2='2<(6&2 96() ()* 4'2 1 7)13&9 &>
()* K&&2 67 >&+?*3 &2 7089 >I?A7 0O A:9 %I?A:. -)* 4'2 67 2&(
C676%A* >+&? A:979 DA1<*7 123 ()67 D)*2&?*2&2 67 <1AA*3 1 4T^$S
F0^G:4F. @*D*2362E &2 ()* &+%6( &> ()* K&&2H ()* F<A6D7* ?1; %*
-T-$^ &+ :$S-G$^. -)* 12E'A1+ 361?*(*+ &> ()* K&&2 17 7**2
>+&? ()* F1+() C1+6*7 %*(9**2 #gW (& R#W &> 1+< 3*D*2362E &2 ()*
367(12<* >+&? 6(. G2 ()* <17* &> ()* 4'2H ()67 >6E'+* C1+6*7 %*(9**2
R".ZW 123 R#.ZW. J*2<*H ()* K&&2 96AA <&C*+ ()* 4'2 <&?DA*(*A; 17
67 ()* <17* 62 1 -&(1A F<A6D7*H 6( ?'7( %* <A&7*+ (& ()* F1+() 9)6A*
Y"
()* 4'2 7)&'A3 %* >1+()*+ 191;. -)* 4'2 1DD*1+7 62 ()* >&+? &> 12
$QQB^$S SGQ8 6> &2A; 6(7 <*2(+1A D1+( 67 )633*2. 4'<) 12
F<A6D7* 67 <1AA*3 12 $QQB^$S F0^G:4F. G2 1AA &()*+ <17*7H &2A;
1 D1+( &> ()* 4'2 67 &%7(+'<(*3 123 1 :1+(61A F<A6D7* &<<'+7. -)*
-&(1A6(; &> 4&A1+ F<A6D7* <12 2*C*+ A17( >&+ ?&+* ()12 ` ?62'(*7. $
4&A1+ F<A6D7* <12 ()'7 &<<'+ &2A; &2 12 $?1C17;1 31;. 5*+7 <J
IE3 <K 7)&9 ()* -&(1A 123 $22'A1+ 4&A1+ F<A6D7*.
>+&? C6*9 >&+ 7&?* (6?* 9)*2 F<A6D7*3 %; ()* K&&2. -)67
D)*2&?*2&2 67 <1AA*3 T00B^-$-GTQ &> ()* 4(1+ %; ()* K&&2.
46?6A1+A;H 9)*2 ()* K&&2 >&+?7 12 &DD&76(6&2 (& ()* 4'2H ()*
7)13&9 &> ()* F1+() ?1; >1AA &2 6( <1'762E 6(7 -&(1A &+ :1+(61A
62C676%6A6(;. -)67 67 ()* ^BQ$S F0^G:4F. c)*2 ()* K&&2 67 >'AA;
62 ()* 7)13&9 VBKIS$X &> ()* F1+()H ()* F<A6D7* 67 (&(1A 123 ()*
K&&2 %*<&?*7 31+5. c)*2 1 D1+( &> ()* K&&2 67 62 D1+(61A 7)13&9
V:FQBKIS$XH ()* K&&2 &2A; A&7*7 7&?* &> 6(7 %+6E)(2*77. -)*
(&(1A6(; &> K&&2W7 F<A6D7* A17(7 >&+ 1 ?1P6?'? &> " )&'+ 123 YZ
?62'(*7. -)* ^'21+ F<A6D7* <12 &<<'+ &2A; &2 1 :'+26?1. 5*+ BL
67 1 7<)*?1(6< +*D+*7*2(1(6&2 &> ()* ^'21+ F<A6D7*.
G2 %&() <17*7H 12 F<A6D7* <12 &<<'+ 9)*2 ()* Q&3*7 1+* 2*1+A; 62
A62* 96() ()* 4'2 123 K&&2. -)67 67 ()* +*17&2 9); F<A6D7*7 3& 2&(
&<<'+ &2 *1<) :'+26?1 &+ $?1C17;1. $ -&(1A F<A6D7* <12 &<<'+
&2A; 9)*2 ()* 4'2H K&&2 123 F1+() 1+* 62 1 >9?O9/A 7(+16E)( A62*.
$23 ()67 <12 )1DD*2 &2A; 9)*2 ()* Q&3*7 >1AA *P1<(A; &2 ()* 71?*
A62*. FC*2 62 7'<) 1 <17*H 6> ()* 367(12<* &> K&&2 >+&? ()* F1+() 67
A1+E*H &2A; 12 $22'A1+ F<A6D7* &> ()* 4'2 &+ 1 :1+(61A F<A6D7* &> ()*
K&&2 ?1; +*7'A(. -)67 17D*<( 67 1A7& %+&'E)( &'( 62 ()* 361E+1?7
1%&C*.
YR
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
K&(6&2 &> &()*+ :A12*(7
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
^*( '7 2&9 (15* 1 A&&5 1( ()* &()*+ DA12*(7. $AA DA12*(7 )1C* *AA6D(6<
&+%6(7 123 )1C* 4'2 1( ()*6+ \&<1A D&62(. J*+*H &2A; 1 %+6*>
367<'776&2 &2 ()* DA12*(7 123 ()*6+ ?&(6&2 67 E6C*2.
-)* ^&2E6('3*7 &> K*+<'+; 123 O*2'7 1+* 1A91;7 <A&7* (& ()*
^&2E6('3* &> 4'2. -)67 67 %*<1'7* ()*; 1+* 1A91;7 C676%A* &2 ()*
71?* 763* 17 ()* 4'2 17 7**2 >+&? ()* F1+(). @*D*2362E &2
9)*()*+ ()*6+ ^&2E6('3* 67 A*77*+ &+ E+*1(*+ ()12 ()1( &> ()* 4'2H
()*7* DA12*(7 9&'A3 %* C676%A* 17 KTSQGQ8 4-$S4 62 ()* F17(
YY
$?&2E ()* 4'D*+6&+ DA12*(7H -I?7 67 <A&7*7( (& ()* 4'2. c6() 1
+136'7 &> R#ZL /? 123 )1C62E 1 ?177 &> "Lp &> F1+()H 6( &+%6(7
+&'23 ()* 4'2 96() 1 ?*12 367(12<* &> ##YHLLLHLLL /?7. -)*
463*+1A :*+6&3 67 _`M 31;7 9)6A* ()* 4;2&36< :*+6&3 67 M`L 31;7. G(
+&(1(*7 &2<* 1+&'23 6(7 &92 1P67 62 #Y )&'+7 A65* ()* F1+(). -)*
62<A621(6&2 &> 6(7 &+%6( 96() ()* F<A6D(6< 67 2*1+A; # 3*E+**7 &2
*6()*+ 763*. -)* 62<A621(6&2 &> ()* &+%6( (& 6(7 &92 Fd'1(&+ 67 2*1+A;
#Y 3*E+**7 VA65* ()* F1+()X.
Y1>@A9? )17 6(7 &+%6( 1>(*+ ()1( &> K1+7. N'D6(*+ 67 ()* A1+E*7( DA12*(
&+%6(62E ()* 4'2. G( )17 1 +136'7 &> M"HLLL /?7 123 9*6E)7 R#L
(6?*7 ()* F1+(). -)* &+%6( 67 2*1+A; <6+<'A1+ 123 67 1( 1 ?*12
367(12<* &> MMLHLLLHLLL /?7 >+&? ()* 4'2. G( +&(1(*7 &2<* 1%&'(
6(7 &92 1P67 62 2*1+A; "L )&'+7 9)6A* 6( +*C&AC*7 +&'23 ()* 4'2
96() 1 463*+1A D*+6&3 &> "".g ;*1+7. -)* 4;2&36< :*+6&3 67 2*1+A;
YLL 31;7. G(7 &+%6( 67 62<A62*3 (& ()* F<A6D(6< %; 2*1+A; ".R 3*E+**7
&2 *6()*+ 763*. c6() +*7D*<( (& 6(7 &92 Fd'1(&+H 6(7 &+%6( 67 62<A62*3
1( 1+&'23 R 3*E+**7.
-)* &+%6( &> 'IA1?E <&?*7 2*P(. -)67 67 ()* A17( DA12*( 1?&2E ()*
262* ?162A; <&2763*+*3 %; $7(+&A&E*+7. G( 67 &+%6(62E ()* 4'2 1( 1
YZ
?*12 367(12<* &> "YLLHLLLHLLL /?7. G( )17 1 +136'7 &> _LHLLL /?7
123 1 ?177 &> gZ (6?*7 ()1( &> ()* F1+(). G( +&(1(*7 &2 6(7 &92 1P67
&2<* 62 "L.Z )&'+7. -)* &+%6( 1+&'23 ()* 4'2 )17 1 463*+1A :*+6&3
&> #g.Z ;*1+7 123 1 4;2&36< :*+6&3 &> RM` 31;7. -)* &+%6( )17 12
62<A621(6&2 &> #.Z 3*E+**7 96() +*7D*<( (& ()* F<A6D(6< &2 *6()*+
763*. c6() +*7D*<( (& 6(7 &92 Fd'1(&+H ()* &+%6( )17 12 62<A621(6&2
&> 2*1+A; #M 3*E+**7.
G2 1336(6&2 (& ()* DA12*(7 3*7<+6%*3 ()*+* *P67( 7&?* ?&+* &%=*<(7
9)6<) 3& 2&( 62(*+*7( ()* $7(+&A&E*+ (& ()* *P(*2( DA12*(7 3&. -)*7*
1+* [089A7N )7A9?0@37N -9A90?7 IE3 -9A90?@A97.
-9A90?7 1+* ()6<5 3'7( A65* D1+(6<A*7 ?&C62E >+**A; 62 ()* 4D1<*.
c)*2 ()*7* *2(*+ ()* F1+()W7 1(?&7D)*+*H ()*; E*( )*1(*3 %*<1'7*
&> >+6<(6&2. -)* )*1( D+&3'<*7 1 A'?62*7<*2<* 9)6A* 1( ()* 71?*
(6?* ()* K*(*&+ 67 3*7(+&;*3. -)* D)*2&?*2&2 67 +*>*++*3 (& 17
':00A@EM 'AI?7.
-9A90?@A97 1+* A1+E*+ +&<5 A65* D1+(6<A*7. -)*7* 1+* ()* &%=*<(7
9)6<)H &2 *2(*+62E ()* F1+()W7 1(?&7D)*+*H 3& 2&( E*( %'+2( &'(.
-)*; >1AA (& ()* E+&'23 123 1+* +*7D&276%A* >&+ ()* >&+?1(6&2 &>
0+1(*+7.
Y`
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
T()*+ $7(+&2&?6<1A -*+?7
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
-)* 0*A*7(61A ^&2E6('3* &> 1 J*1C*2A; I&3; +*>*+7 (& ()* 12E'A1+
367(12<* %*(9**2 ()* \6+7( :&62( &> $+6*7 123 ()1( I&3; 96() ()*
12EA* ?*17'+*3 1( ()* <*2(*+ &> ()* 0*A*7(61A 4D)*+* 123 1A&2E ()*
F<A6D(6<. -)* +12E* &> C1A'*7 D&776%A* 67 >+&? L 3*E+**7 (& R_L
3*E+**7. -)67 67 ()* 12EA* 9)6<) 3*(*+?62*7 ()* DA1<*?*2( &> 1
DA12*( 62 1 J&+&7<&D*.
G( <12 %* 7**2 ()1( ()*7* 3*>626(6&27 36>>*+ >+&? ()&7* &> -*++*7(+61A
^&2E6('3* 123 ^1(6('3*7.
G> ()* ?*17'+*?*2(7 1%&C* 1+* ?13* 96() +*7D*<( (& ()* 0*A*7(61A
Fd'1(&+ 627(*13 &> ()* F<A6D(6<H ()* +*7'A(7 1+* <1AA*3 SG8J-
$40FQ4GTQ 123 @F0^GQ$-GTQ &> ()* )*1C*2A; %&3;
+*7D*<(6C*A;. -)* @*<A621(6&2 67 <1AA*3 /S$Q-G 123 67 '7*3 %;
$7(+&A&E*+7 (& <&?D'(* &2* &> ()* 76P 7(+*2E()7 &> 1 DA12*(
V4J$@I$^$7. -)* I1A1 <&?D'(*3 67 1 D1+( &> /$$^$I$^$H
21?*A; ()* $U$Q$I$^$X. 5*+B6 7)&97 ()*7* 3*(16A7 17 9*AA
9)*+* 1+< T$ +*D+*7*2(7 ()* S6E)( $7<*276&2 123 1+< J$
+*D+*7*2(7 ()* @*<A621(6&2 &> ()* J*1C*2A; I&3; J.
-)* @*<A621(6&2 &> 4'2H >&+ *.E. C1+6*7 >+&? L 3*E+**7 1( O*+21A
Fd'62&P (& #R.Z 3*E+**7 Q&+() 1( 4'??*+ 4&A7(6<* 123 %1<5 (& L
3*E+**7 1( $'('?21A Fd'62&P. G( E&*7 (& #R.Z 3*E+**7 4&'() 1(
c62(*+ 4&A7(6<* %*>&+* +*('+262E (& L >&+ ()* 2*P( <;<A*. I&() ()*
S6E)( $7<*276&2 123 0*A*7(61A ^&2E6('3* &> ()* 4'2 1( ()*7* D&62(7
1+* LH gLH "`L 123 #ML 3*E+**7 +*7D*<(6C*A;. -)* @*<A621(6&2 &>
#R.Z 3*E+**7 1( ()* *P(+*?*7 &> ()* 4'2W7 &+%6( +*D+*7*2(7 ()* 12EA*
%*(9**2 ()* F<A6D(6< 123 Fd'1(&+. -)67 67 <1AA*3 ()* TI^GlBG-U
&> ()* F<A6D(6< (& ()* Fd'1(&+.
ZL
S*>*+ 2&9 (& 5*+B< 1%&C*. G2 ()67 >6E'+*H 4 +*>*+7 (& 1 7(1+. -)*
@F0^GQ$-GTQ 0GS0^F &> 1 7(1+ 67 1 7?1AA <6+<A* D17762E
()+&'E) ()* 7(1+ 123 D1+1AA*A (& ()* 0*A*7(61A Fd'1(&+. -)* 7(1+
+&(1(*7 &2 ()67 <6+<A* 1+&'23 ()* 0*A*7(61A :&A* 17 7**2 >+&? ()*
<*2(*+ &> ()* F1+() 9)*2 ()* F1+() +&(1(*7 1%&'( 6(7 :&A1+ 1P67.
46?6A1+A; ()* 1+< <&22*<(62E m (& Q: 123 *P(*23*3 (& ()* J&+6]&2
<'(7 6( 1( Q. -)* D&62( Q 67 <1AA*3 ()* Q&+() :&62( &> ()* J&+6]&2.
TDD&76(* (& ()67 96AA %* ()* 4&'() :&62(. -)* F17( 123 c*7( D&62(7
1+* 1( gL 3*E+**7 (& ()*7*. $+< Q$ +*D+*7*2(7 ()* )R@81A:. G(7
+12E* <12 %* %*(9**2 L 123 "`L 3*E+**7 F17( &+ c*7(.
-)* 1+<7 3+192 >+&? m*26() (& ()* J&+6]&2 96() ()* <*2(*+ 1( T 1+*
<1AA*3 OFS-G0$^4. -)* O*+(6<1A <&22*<(62E F17( 123 c*7( (& ()*
m*26() 67 <1AA*3 ()* :SGKF OFS-G0$^.
ZR
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
S6762EH 4*((62E 123 0&?%'7(6&2
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
c* )13 7**2 ()1( :A12*(7 1DD*1+ (& ?&C* 1A&2E ()* @*<A621(6&2
06+<A* 9)*2 ()* F1+() +&(1(*7 +&'23 6(7 :&A1+ $P67. -)67 ?&(6&2 &>
:A12*(7 67 <1AA*3 ()*6+ @GBSQ$^ ?&(6&2. 462<* ()* +&(1(6&2 &>
F1+() 67 >+&? c*7( (& F17(H 1AA :A12*(7 1DD*1+ (& ?&C* >+&? F17( (&
c*7(. @'+62E ()67 ?&(6&2H ()* DA12*(7 1+* 1%&C* ()* &%7*+C*+W7
J&+6]&2 V+*?*?%*+ ()1( b1%&C*W ?*127 b(&91+37 ()* m*26()WX >&+
7&?* (6?* 123 %*A&9 1( &()*+7. -)67 67 3*D6<(*3 62 5*+BD;
G2 <17* &> %&() 4'D*+6&+ 123 G2>*+6&+ :A12*(7H ()* S6762E 123
4*((62E &<<'+7 &2A; 9)*2 2*1+62E 0&2='2<(6&2. 462<* 4'D*+6&+
:A12*(7 ?&C* 7A&9A; <&?D1+*3 (& ()* 4'2H ()* ?&(6&2 3*7<+6%*3 62
()* D+*C6&'7 D1+1 )17 (& %* D+&D*+A; 62(*+D+*(*3. -)* 4'D*+6&+
:A12*( 4*(7 9)*2 ()* 4'2 <&?*7 2*1+ 6( 123 S67*7 &2<* ()* 4'2
?&C*7 191; 1>(*+ ()* 0&2='2<(6&2. -)* 4*((62E (15*7 DA1<* 62 ()*
c*7( 9)6A* ()* S6762E 67 7**2 62 ()* F17( %*>&+* 4'2+67*. \&+ G22*+
:A12*(7H 6( 67 ()* :A12*( 9)6<) <&?*7 2*1+ ()* 4'2H <&2='2<(7 123
()*2 ?&C*7 191;. J*+*H ()* S6762E &<<'+ 62 ()* c*7( 1>(*+ 4'27*(
3'+62E 4'D*+6&+ 0&2='2<(6&2 123 62 ()* F17( %*>&+* 4'2+67* 3'+62E
G2>*+6&+ 0&2='2<(6&2.
-)* +12E* &> ^&2E6('3621A 367(12<*7 &C*+ 9)6<) :A12*(7 1+* 7163 (&
%* 4*( V0&?%'7(X 67 E6C*2 %*A&9. G2 <17* &> G22*+ :A12*(7H +12E*7
*P67( >&+ %&() @6+*<( 123 S*(+&E+13* ?&(6&2. -)* :A12*( 67 7163 (&
%* 62 @FF: 0TIB4-GTQ VIBSQ-X 9)*2 6(7 ^&2E6('3* 67
*P1<(A; ()* 71?* 17 ()1( &> ()* 4'2.
K&&2 "#
K1+7 "M L`
K*+<'+; "Y "#
N'D6(*+ "" ""
O*2'7 "L L`
41('+2 "_ "_
ZZ
-)* C1+61(6&2 &> ()* +12E*7 67 ()* +*7'A( &> C1+61(6&2 62 ()* @61?*(*+
&> ()* 367< &> ()* :A12*( 17 7**2 >+&? ()* F1+(). $D1+( >+&? ()*
36>>*+62E 76]*7 &> :A12*(7H 6> 1 :A12*( 67 2*1+ ()* F1+()H 6(7 367< A&&57
%6EE*+. G2 E*2*+1AH ()* %6EE*+ ()* 367< 76]*H A*77*+ 96AA %* ()* +12E*
&> 0&?%'7(6&2.
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
BD1E+1)17
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
/1A1 4'2
:1+63)6 &+ :1+6C*7) K&&2
@)&&? K1+7
$+3)1D+1)1+1 K*+<'+;
U1?1E12(15 N'D6(*+
G23+1<)1D1 &+ /&31231 O*2'7
8'A651 &+ K1236 41('+2
O;1(6D1()1 &+ :1()1 S1)'
BD15*(' &+ 465)6 /*('
T> ()* 1%&C* >6C* D&62(7 1+* 3*>62*3 96() +*>*+*2<* (& ()* 4'2W7
^&2E6('3*. G> ()* 4'2W7 ^&2E6('3* 67 177'?*3 17 h 3*E+**7H ()*
>&AA&962E D&62(7 3*2&(* >6C* &> ()* BD1E+1)17,
&
"RR #LW q h @)&&?1
& &
##_ YLW r h R_L r @)&&?1 O;1(6D1()1
& &
Y_ YLW r h "`L q O;1(6D1()1 :1+63)6
& &
R"R #LW q h R_L r :1+63)6 G23+1<)1D1
& &
RRL q h "_ YLW q G23+1<)1D1 465)6
ZM
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
-6?*
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
-)* <&2<*D(7 +*A1(62E (& -GKF 1+* %17*3 &2 ()* ?&(6&2 &> F1+().
T2* +&(1(6&2 &> ()* F1+() 1+&'23 6(7 :&A1+ 1P67 67 ()* %1767 >&+ -6?*
?*17'+*?*2(7. c* 96AA >6+7( <&2763*+ ()67 +&(1(6&2 62 1 A6((A* ?&+*
3*(16A.
S*>*+ (& 5*+BG 1%&C*. G?1E62* 12 &%7*+C*+ 1( D&62( $" 96() ()*
4'2 1( ()* m*26() &> ()* DA1<* V^62* T$"X. $>(*+ <&?DA*(62E &2*
<&?DA*(* +&(1(6&2H ()* 4'2 96AA 2&( %* 1E162 1( m*26() V^62* T$#X.
-)* +*17&2 67 ()1( 3'+62E ()* D*+6&3 &> +&(1(6&2H ()* F1+() 9&'A3
1A7& )1C* +*C&AC*3 +&'23 ()* 4'2 %; 2*1+A; " 3*E+** VR_L 3*E+**7
62 R_Z.#Y## 31;7X. \&+ ()* 4'2 (& %* 1( m*26() 1E162H ()* F1+()
7)&'A3 +&(1(* 1 A6((A* ?&+* V^62* T$RX. -)* D*+6&3 &> m*26() (&
m*26() D1771E* &> ()* 4'2 67 '7*3 17 1 +*>*+*2<* >&+ 4T^$S -GKF.
-)* F1+() 67 7163 (& <&?DA*(* 0E9 ?0AIA@0E 4@A: ?97>9/A A0 A:9
'1E 62 &2* 4&A1+ @1;.
G> ()* +&(1(6&2 &> ()* F1+() 67 <&2763*+*3 96() +*>*+*2<* (& 1 367(12(
4(1+ 6.*. ()* 4(1+ 67 1( m*26() 627(*13 &> 4'2 626(61AA;H &2* +&(1(6&2 &>
()* F1+() 96AA %+62E ()* 4(1+ %1<5 (& ()* m*26(). Q& 1336(6&21A
+&(1(6&2 67 2**3*3 62 ()67 <17* 762<* ()* F1+() 3&*7 2&( +*C&AC*
Zg
+&'23 ()* 4(1+ 123 ()* 367(12<* 62C&AC*3 67 C*+; A1+E*. -)'7H ()*
D*+6&3 >&+ 7'<) 1 +&(1(6&2 67 7A6E)(A; A*77 ()12 9)1( 67 2**3*3 >&+ 1
m*26() (& m*26() D1771E* &> ()* 4'2. -)67 D*+6&3 >&+?7 ()* %1767
>&+ 4G@FS$^ -GKF 123 <&27(6('(*7 &2* +&(1(6&2 &> ()* F1+() 4@A:
?9O9?9E/9 A0 A:9 'AI?7;
462<* ()* &+%6( &> ()* F1+() 67 E9I?2F /@?/12I? S1A E0A 9_I/A2F 70H
()* 7D**3 &> ?&C*?*2( &> ()* F1+() 67 2&( <&27(12(. $7 D*+
/*DA*+W7 A19H ()* F1+() ?&C*7 >17(*+ 9)*2 6( 67 1( 6(7 :*+6E** 123
7A&9*+ 9)*2 1( $D&E**. $A7& ()* 1DD1+*2( ?&(6&2 &> ()* 4'2 (+1<*7
()* F<A6D(6<H 9)6<) 67 62<A62*3 (& ()* Fd'1(&+ %; #R.Z 3*E+**7.
J*2<* ()* S6E)( $7<*276&2 <)12E*7 '2*d'1AA; 62 *d'1A 62(*+C1A7
&> (6?*. -)67 ?*127 ()1( ()* 1DD1+*2( ?&C*?*2( &> ()* 4'2 17
&%7*+C*3 >+&? ()* F1+() 67 1A7& 2&( '26>&+?. $<<&+362EA; ()*
D*+6&3 &> (6?* (15*2 >&+ 1 +&(1(6&2 96() +*>*+*2<* (& ()* 4'2 9&'A3
1A7& <)12E*. -)* &%7*+C*3 D*+6&3 1( 12; DA1<* >&+ ()* m*26() (&
m*26() D1771E* &> ()* 4'2 67H ()*+*>&+*H <1AA*3 ()* $::$SFQ-
4&A1+ @1; 1( ()1( DA1<*.
G( 67 2&( C*+; <&2C*26*2( (& '7* ()* C1+;62E $DD1+*2( 4&A1+ @1; >&+
2&+?1A 1<(6C6(6*7. $ <&2<*D( &> KF$Q 4BQ )17 %**2 62(+&3'<*3
(& &C*+<&?* ()67 D+&%A*?. -)* O@/A@A@017 bK*12 4'2W ?&C*7 &2 ()*
0*A*7(61A Fd'1(&+ V2&( ()* F<A6D(6<X 1( 1 '26>&+? 7D**3. -)*
7'<<*776C* (+1276(7 &> ()67 >6<(6(6&'7 %&3; 1<+&77 ()* &%7*+C*+W7
?*+63612 67 3*>62*3 17 ()* KF$Q 4T^$S @$U. G( 67 *d'1(*3 (&
#Y JTBS4. 4?1AA*+ ?*17'+*?*2( '26(7 1+* 3*>62*3 %; KGQB-F4
123 4F0TQ@4 96() &2* J&'+ *d'1(*3 (& _L K62'(*7 123 &2*
_L
K62'(* *d'1(*3 (& _L 4*<&237. c6() ()67 3*>626(6&2 &> 12 J&'+H ()*
4G@FS$^ @$U 67 *d'1A (& #R J&'+7 123 Z_ K62'(*7.
c)*2 ()* K*12 4'2 67 &2 ()* K*+63612 &> 1 DA1<*H 6( 67 7163 (& %*
^T0$^ KF$Q QTTQ 1( ()1( DA1<*. $( ()67 (6?* 6(7 J&'+ 12EA* 67
]*+&. $( ()* &DD&76(* D&62(H ()* )&'+ 12EA* <&++*7D&237 (& ^T0$^
KG@QG8J- 9)6<) 1A7& 76E26>6*7 ()* %*E62262E &> 1 2*9 31; V1A7&
<1AA*3 1 0GOG^ @$UX.
G( 67 7(6AA 2&( D&776%A* (& '7* ()* -6?* 3*>626(6&2 '26C*+71AA; '2A*77
1 7(1231+3 +*>*+*2<* 67 3*>62*3. -)* 1<<*D(*3 +*>*+*2<* 67 ()*
D1771E* &> 4'2 &C*+ ()* 8SFFQcG0J V+*<1AA ()1( ()67 67 ()*
+*>*+*2<* >&+ ^&2E6('3*7 17 9*AAX. -)* (6?* &> ()67 D1771E* 67
<1AA*3 8+**296<) K*12 Q&&2 123 +*D+*7*2(7 "# )&'+7 *P1<(A;. -)*
&DD&76(* D1771E* &> ()* 4'2 >6P*7 ()* 7(1+( &> 1 2*9 31;. -)* -6?*
12; D1+( &> ()* 31; 67 ()* 8+**296<) K*12 -6?* V8K-X.
-)* (6?* >&'23 %; ()* 1%&C* ?*()&3 E6C*7 ()* ^T0$^ KF$Q
-GKF V^K-X 1( ()1( DA1<*.
B71E* &> ^K- >&+ 2&+?1A 1<(6C6(6*7 67 1A7& 2&( D+1<(6<1A 762<* 6(
C1+6*7 96() ^&2E6('3*. \&+ *.E. ()* ^&2E6('3*7 >&+ G2361 C1+6*7
_"
>+&? 2*1+A; MR 3*E+**7 (& g_ 3*E+**7 F17(. -)67 ?*127 ()1( 96()62
G2361H -6?* <&'A3 C1+; %; 17 ?'<) 17 g# K62'(*7 VVg_[MRXiYX >+&?
c*7( (& F17(. -& 1C&63 ()67 36>>6<'A(;H &2* 7D*<6>6< ^&2E6('3* 67 7*(
17 +*>*+*2<* >&+ G2361 123 -6?* 62 G2361 67 7(1231+36]*3 (& ()67
^&2E6('3*. -)* +*>*+*2<* 3*>62*3 >&+ G2361 67 `#.Z 3*E+**7 F17(.
-)'7 ()* GQ@G$Q 4-$Q@$S@ -GKF VG4-X 67 1)*13 &> 8K- %;
>6C* 123 1 )1A> )&'+7 V`#.ZiY j RRL K62'(*7X.
-)* +*A1(6&2 %*(9**2 ^K- 123 G4- 67 *176A; >&'23 %; >62362E ()*
36>>*+*2<* &> ()* ^&2E6('3* &> ()* DA1<* 123 ()* 7(1231+3
^&2E6('3* V`#.Z 3*E+**7X. K'A(6DA;62E ()67 36>>*+*2<* %; Y E6C*7
()* (6?* 36>>*+*2<* %*(9**2 G4- 123 ^K-. -& &%(162 ()* ^K-
>+&? G4-H ()67 (6?* 36>>*+*2<* 67 (& %* 133*3 (& G4- >&+ ^&2E6('3*7
F17( &> ()* 7(1231+3 123 7'%(+1<(*3 &()*+967*.
-)* 62(*+C1A %*(9**2 &2* 31; V+&(1(6&2 &> ()* F1+() 1%&'( 6(7 :&A1+
1P67X 123 &2* U*1+ V+*C&A'(6&2 &> ()* F1+() 1+&'23 ()* 4'2X 67
36C63*3 62(& 7?1AA*+ '26(7 62 1 7<6*2(6>6< ?122*+. -)67 36C676&2 67
<1AA*3 1 0$^FQ@$S. c* 1+* 2&9 '762E ()* 8SF8TSG$Q
_#
01A*231+. J*+*H &'( &> ()* R_Z.#Y## 31;7 62 1 ;*1+H R_Z 31;7 1+*
36C63*3 62(& "# KTQ-J4 &> #` (& R" 31;7 *1<). -)*7* 1+*,
#I89 0O -0EA:
4'231; 4'2
K&231; K&&2
-'*731; K1+7
c*32*731; K*+<'+;
-)'+731; N'D6(*+
\+631; O*2'7
41('+31; 41('+2
$ D+&<*3'+* (& >623 ()* 31; &> ()* 9**5 >&+ 12; E6C*2 31(* 67 E6C*2
62 $22*P'+* $.
G2 J623' $7(+&A&E;H ()* 31; 67 36C63*3 62(& 12&()*+ '26( &> (6?*
<1AA*3 8J$-G4. _L 8)1(67 <&27(6('(* &2* 31; 123 *1<) 8)1(6 67
*d'1A (& #Y K62'(*7. F1<) 8)1(6 67 7'%36C63*3 62(& 7?1AA*+ '26(7
<1AA*3 OG8J$-G4 96() &2* 8)1(6 *d'1A62E _L O6E)1(67.
J623' $7(+&A&E; 1A7& >&AA&97 ()* 4*C*2 31; 7(+'<('+*. -)* c**5
67 <1AA*3 O$$S$ 123 *d'6C1A*2( 21?*7 >&+ ()* 31;7 1+* E6C*2. -)*
21?*7 1+*,
4'231; S1C6C11+1
K&231; 4&?1C11+1
-'*731; K12E1A1C11+1
c*32*731; I'3)1C11+1
-)'+731; 8'+'C11+1
\+631; 4'5+1C11+1
41('+31; 4126C11+1
0)16(+1
O167)151
N;*7)(1
$7)131
4+1C121
I)13+1D131
$791;'=1
/1+(651
K1+E17)6+1
:'7);1
K1E)1
:)1AE'21
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
:12<)12E1
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
XII?I `a99W3IF=
c* )13 *1+A6*+ 3*7<+6%*3 ()* 21?* &> ()* c**531;7 123 ()* +'A62E
DA12*( >&+ ()* 31;. G2 J623' $7(+&A&E; ()* 3'+1(6&2 &> #Y )&'+7 62 1
31; 1+* 36C63*3 62(& JTS$7 &> &2* J&'+ *1<). -)* 21?* &> ()*
31; 3*D*237 &2 ()* ^&+3 &> ()* >6+7( J&+1 &> *1<) 31;. -)*
7*d'*2<* &> ^&+37)6D &> ()* J&+17 67 7)&92 62 5*+BH;
(@A:@
$ ^'21+ K&2() )17 %**2 3*7<+6%*3 17 ()* D*+6&3 &> (6?* *P(*2362E
>+&? &2* 0&2='2<(6&2 (& ()* 2*P( %*(9**2 ()* K&&2 123 4'2. -)*
31; &> 0&2='2<(6&2 67 <1AA*3 $?1C17;1 123 ()* ?63 &> ()* K&2()
TDD&76(6&2 %*(9**2 4'2 123 K&&2 67 <1AA*3 :'+26?1. -)* 3'+1(6&2
&> &2* ^'21+ ?&2() 62C&AC*7 1 ?&C*?*2( &> R_L 3*E+**7 >&+ ()*
K&&2 96() +*7D*<( (& ()* 4'2. -)* 3'+1(6&2 <&++*7D&2362E (& "#
3*E+**7 %*(9**2 ()* (9& 67 <1AA*3 1 -G-JG. -)* 21?*7 E6C*2 (& ()*
-6()67 1+* 17 >&AA&97,
^&2E. &> K&&2 67 h 3*E. 123 ()1( &> 4'2 67 U 3*E. 4** (1%A* %*A&9.
& &
FP1?DA*, $77'?* 4'2 67 1( #M# 123 K&&2 67 1( #"g .
&
^&2E. &> K&&2 r ^&2E. &> 4'2 j RLM
@6C676&2 &> RLM %; "# E6C*7
l'&(6*2( j #Z 123 S*?1623*+ j M
-6()6 67 lq" 9)6<) 67 #_ 9)6<) 67 /+67)21 :157)1
F513176 17 D*+ ()* (1%A* 1%&C*.
#IW7:IA?I
$7 <12 %* 7**2 1%&C*H ()* 7(1+ 0)6(+1 )17 1 A&2E6('3* &> "Mg[Zg 123
67 <A&7*7( (& ()* "`L 3*E+** D&62(. -)67 7(1+ DA1;7 1 ?1=&+ +&A* 62
()* 3*(*+?621(6&2 &> $;121?71 123 )*2<* 67 1A7& <1AA*3 0)6(+1[
ML
-& 3*(*+?62* ()* 7(1+ >&+ 1 E6C*2 ^&2E6('3*H <&2C*+( ()* ^&2E6('3*
&
(& K62'(*7 123 36C63* %; `LL V"R #LW *d'1A7 `LL K62'(*7 123 67
()* 12E'A1+ 3'+1(6&2 &> 1 7(1+X. GE2&+* ()* +*?1623*+. $33 &2* (&
()* d'&(6*2( (& &%(162 ()* 7(1+ 2'?%*+.
L
\&+ *.E. 6> ()* ^&2E6('3* &> 12; :A12*( 67 #"# #YWH ()* 7(1+ 67 >&'23
%; VV#"#i_LXq#YX o `LL j "Z.gR. -)* d'&(6*2( 67 "Z. -)* 7(1+
2'?%*+ 67 "_ 9)6<) +*D+*7*2(7 O67)151.
.0MI
bI?IEI
c)6A* -6()6 +*D+*7*2(7 1 "# 3*E+** ?&C*?*2( &> ()* K&&2 96()
+*7D*<( (& ()* 4'2H 1 /1+121 +*D+*7*2(7 ()* _ 3*E+** ?&C*?*2(.
J&9*C*+H &2A; "" /1+1217 1+* 3*>62*3 123 2&( _L VR_Lo_X. \&'+ &>
()*7* 1+* <1AA*3 4-JGS$ /$S$Q$4 9)6A* ()* +*?16262E 7*C*2
+*<'+ ` (6?*7 62 1 7D12 &> &2* K&2() (& ;6*A3 ()* 2**3*3 (&(1A &> _L
/1+1217 V-9& /1+1217 D*+ -6()6 123 -)6+(; -6()67X. -)* 21?*7 &>
()* /1+1217 1+*,
-)* A17( >&'+ 1+* 4()6+1 /1+1217. -)* /1+121 >&+ ()* >6+7( )1A> &>
:+1(6D131 67 /62('E)21 /1+121 9)6A* ()* 7*<&23 )1A> 67 I1C1. S*7(
&> ()* /1+1217 >&AA&9 17 7)&92 62 ()* (1%A* %*A&9,
Z " # #L R Y
_ R Y #" Z _
M Z _ ## M "
` M " #R # R
g # R #Y Y Z
"L Y Z #Z _ M
"" _ M #_ " #
"# " # #M R Y
"R R Y #` Z _
"Y Z _ #g M J
"Z M " RL K 6L
MR
dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd
J623' $7(+&2&?;
dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd
dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd
$7(+&2&?6<1A K6A*7(&2*7
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
)>>?0_; -@297A0E9
T9?@03
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
$22*P'+* $
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
:+&<*3'+* (& >623 ()* 9**531; <&++*7D&2362E (& 12; 31(* 76?DA;
62C&AC*7 <1A<'A1(62E ()* 2'?%*+ &> 31;7 ?&+* ()12 <&?DA*(*
9**57. \&+ *.E. 4'DD&7* ()* c**531; 67 2**3*3 >&+ L_[LY[#L"L.
GQ@Fh
)
$3)651 K1171 RM @**D 0&?%'7(6&2 Z#
$A%*3& RY @*E+** #"
$A(6('3* Yg @*7<*2362E Q&3* R`
$?1C17;1 R_ @6*?&2 Y#
$22'A1+ F<A6D7* Rg @6'+21A Z"
$2(6[K*+63612 #M @91D1+1;'E1 M"
$D&E** "L
$DD1+*2( 4&A1+ @1; ZM %
$DD1+*2( -6?* Zg F1+() #_
$7<*2362E Q&3* R` F<A6D(6< RL
$7(1 "M Fd'1(6&2 &> -6?* Zg
$7(*+&63 YZ Fd'1(&+ ##
$(6<)1+1 "" Fd'62&P*7 #`
$'('?2 #` FC*262E 4(1+ Y#
$'('?21A Fd'62&P #`
$;121%1A1 YM 5
$;121?71 R# \6+7( D&62( &> $+6*7 RL
$]6?'() Yg \6P*3 m&361< 4;7(*? R#
[ +
01A*231+ Zg 81A1P; M
01D('+*3 K&(6&2 RY 8)1(6 _"
0*A*7(61A Fd'1(&+ RL 8+*1( 06+<A* ##
0*A*7(61A ^1(6('3* Y_ 8+**296<) #R
0*A*7(61A ^&2E6('3* R" 8+**296<) K*12 -6?* V8K-X Z`
0*A*7(61A ^&2E6('3* Y_ 8+*E&+612 01A*231+ Zg
0*A*7(61A K*+63612 Y` 8+6)17 ""
0*A*7(61A :&A*7 RL 8;+1(6&2 &> F1+() #_HR"
0*A*7(61A 4D)*+* RL
0)1+1 "" Q
J*+7<)*A YR
0&?%'7( "M
J&+6]&2 #Y
0&?%'7(6&2 Z"
J&'+ $2EA* Y`
0&?*( YY
J&'7* "M
0&2='2<(6&2 "R
$ *
G23612 4(1231+3 -6?* VG4-X Zg
@*<A621(6&2 YM
G2>*+6&+ 0&2='2<(6&2 "R
@*<A621(6&2 06+<A* Y`
G2>*+6&+ :A12*( "R
M`
b #
/1A1%1A1 YM Q136+ #Y
/1A6;'E1 M" Q157)1(+1 __
/1+121 _` Q*D('2* YR
/*DA*+s7 ^197 "L Q6+1;121 4;7(*? R#
/*(' R` Q&&2 #M
/+12(6 YM Q&+()*+2 J*?67D)*+* ##
/+67)21 :157)1 RM Q'(1(6&2 &> F1+() R"
] ,
^1E21 #Z T%A6d'6(; &> F<A6D(6< YM
^1)6+6 R# T%7*+C*+s7 K*+63612 Y`
^*1D 0*2('+; _L T<<'A(1(6&2 &> 1 4(1+ YL
^*1D U*1+ _L TDD&76(6&2 "R
^62* &> $D763*7 RY T+%6( "L
^62* &> $+6*7 R" T'(*+ :A12*( "R
^62* &> Q&3*7 R`
^&<1A K*12 -6?* V^K-X Z` T
^&2E*7( @1; #g :12<)12E1 _Y
^'21+ F<A6D7* YL :*2'?%+1 YL
^'21+ K&2() RM :*+6E** "L
^'21+ U*1+ RM :)&%6&7 Y#
^'26[4&A1+ 0;<A* RM :A12* &> F<A6D(6< RL
:A12* &> Fd'1(&+ ##
- :A'(& YY
K1171 RMH_" :&A1+ $P67 #"
K1)1;'E1 M" :&A*7 #"
K1231 "" :&7([K*+63612 #M
K1231 YR :+*<*776&2 &> Fd'62&P*7 R#
K1+7 Y# :+6?* K*+63612 #R
K*12 4&A1+ @1; ZM :+6?* O*+(6<1A ZL
K*+<'+; Y" :'+26?1 R_
K*+63612 ##
K*(*&+6(*7 YZ &
K*(*&+7 YZ S1)' R`
K*(&26< 0;<A* RM S176 "MHR"
K62&+ :A12*(7 YZ S*E+*776&2 &> Q&3*7 R`
K62'(*7 #" S*(+&E+13* "`