Syllabus Modified Only For Covid-19 Period Due To Unprecedented Situation

Department of Ancient History, Culture and Archaeology
University of Allahabad, Prayagraj-211 002

Syllabus modified only for Covid-19 period due to unprecedented situation
B.A. Part-1
Paper-I: Early Cultures and Civilizations of India
Unit-I : Definition of Archaeology and relation with other disciplines;

Palaeolithic Cultures: Salient features with special reference to
Belan Valley & Son Valley.
Unit-II : Mesolithic Cultures: Salient features with special reference to
Vindhyas, Ganga Plains.
Neolithic Cultures: Salient features with special reference to
North-West India, South India & Vindhyas.
Unit-III : Harappan Civilization: Origin, Salient features, decline.
Unit-IV : Chalcolithic Cultures –
Kayatha Culture, Ahar Culture, Malwa Culture, Jorwe Culture
& Copper hoards.
UNIT-V : (a) Iron Age: Antiquity of Iron.
(b) Sites: Bhaghwanpura, Atranjikhera, Hastinapur &
Kausambi.
B.A. Part-1
Paper-II: History of India upto the Kushanas (C.600 B.C. – C. 319 A.D.)
Unit-I : Sources :
Literary -Indian and Foreign
Archaeological
Unit-II : Early State Formation:
The Mahajanapadas ; Rise of Magadha from Bimbisara to
Mahapadma Nanda. Alexander’s Invasion, Monarchical States;
Nature of Republics.
Unit-III : Mauryan Empire and its Decline:
Magadhan Expansion in the time of Chandragupta Maurya –
administration
Ashoka and his Dhamma
Decline of the Mauryan Empire.
Unit-IV : Political Fragmentation (C. 200 BC – AD 300):
Early History of Satavahanas, Achievements of Pushyamitra
Shunga and Gautamiputra Satkarni.
Shaka-Satavahana Struggle.
UNIT-V : Foreign Invasions and Dynasties - Shakas & Kushanas :
Kanishka–I : Date and Achievements
B.A. Part-II
Paper-I: Outline of Ancient World Civilizations
Unit-I : Earliest Civilizations-I:

Egyptian Civilization: Political development under the Pharaohs;
Egyptian Religion & Art.
Unit-II : Earliest Civilizations- II:
Mesopotamian Civilizations : Salient features
Sumerian Civilization
Babylonian Civilization
Assyrian Civilization
Unit-III : Greek Civilization:
Homeric Age
Periclean Age : Contribution of Pericles
Salient features of Hellenistic Civilizations.
Unit-IV : Roman Civilization:
Julius Caesar and Augustus –Their contributions
Roman Culture: Law & Art, Roman Legacy.
Development of Christianity under Roman Empire.
UNIT-V : Ancient Iran and China :
Achaemenid Empire, Zarathustra and his reforms, Parthian
Civilization,
Chin Periods : Shih Huang Ti
Confucius.
B.A. Part-II
Paper-II: History of Ancient India ( C 319 AD to 1200 AD)
Unit-I : Gupta Dynasty:

: Gupta Rulers their achievements : Chandragupta-I,
Samudragupta, Chandragupta-II, Kumargupta I,
Skandagupta, Decline of the Guptas.
Unit-II : Vakataka-Gupta Relation, Huna Invasion.
Unit-III : Harsha Career and Achievements; relation with contemporary
rulers (Harsha’s relation with Pulakesin-II)
Unit-IV : Gurjara-Pratihar, Pala & Rastrakuta :
Political History of Gurjara Pratihar, Pala and Rastrakuta,
Tripartite struggle.
UNIT-V : South Indian Dynasties:
Political History of Pallavas
Political History of Chalukyas of Vatapi,
Chola Dynasty; Political History, Administration.
B.A. Part-III
Paper-I: Indian Culture
Unit-I : Foundation of Indian Culture:

Sources of Study, Definition and Characteristics.
Vedic Culture.
Unit-II : Main Features of Ancient Indian Society:
Varnasrama System
Ancient Indian Education System & Centers: Taxila and Nalanda.
Position of Women
Guilds and their roles
Unit-III : Ancient Indian Religions:
Saivism
Vaisnavism
Jainism
Buddhism
Unit-IV : Socio-Spiritual Streams:
Sankaracharya
Bhakti Movement
UNIT-V : Interaction between Islam and Indian Society with special
reference to impact on Indian Society.
B.A. Part-III
Paper-II: Concepts and Currents in History
Unit-I : Nature and characteristics of history, objectivity,

History is Science or Art.
Unit-II : Introduction to approaches of history – Nationalist, Marxist.
Unit-III : Philosophy of history with special reference to Hegel, Karl Marx,
Toyanbee.
Unit-IV : Nationalism: Germany & Italy.
UNIT-V : Imperialism and colonialism: World War-II.
Russian Revolution.
B.A. Part-III
Paper-III: Ancient Indian Art and Architecture
Unit-I : Characteristic Features of Ancient Indian Art:

Pre-historic Art
Harappan Art & Architecture.
Unit-II : Mauryan, Shunga and Kushana Art :
Ashokan Pillars, Capital Figures,
Stupa : Amrawati
Rock-cut Cave Architecture-Karle.
Kushana Art: Mathura Style, Gandhara Style.
Unit-III : Gupta Art - Essential Features:
Beginning of temple Architecture - Bhitargaon temple,
Deogarh temple.
Ajanta Paintings
Temple architectural styles: Nagara, Dravid, Besara.
Unit-IV : Art & Architecture under :
Chalukyas : Aihole
Chandela : Khajuraho Temple (Kandariya Mahadeva temple)
Orissan Temple: Lingaraja.
UNIT-V : Art & Architecture under :
Rashtrakutas : Kailash Temple of Elora
Pallavas : Rathas of Mahabalipuram
Cholas: Brihadishwara Temple of Tanjavur.
M.A. Ist Semester
Course Code: ANC-501 (Core)
Paper-I: Aspects of Ancient Indian Culture (Political, Social and Economic Institutions)
Unit-I : Introduction to Ancient Indian Culture

a) The main characteristics of Ancient Indian Culture
b) Methods and approaches to the study of Indian Culture:
Nationalist, Marxist.
Unit-II : Political Ideas and Institutions
a) Origin and nature of state
b) Republics
c) Monarchy and its feudal transformations
Unit-III : Social Institutions
a) Varna-caste system-origin and evolution
b) Ashram system
c) Hindu Sanskaras
Unit-IV : Social Institutions
a) Position of women- proprietary rights and right to education
b) Education system and Educational Institutions : Taxilla and
Nalanda.
UNIT-V : Economic Institutions
a) Guilds : Their organization, functions and their role in social
and economic life
b) Varta : Meaning and Significance, Agriculture and cattle rearing
c) Trade and commerce
M.A. Ist Semester
Paper-II: Political History of Ancient India (From 6th Century B.C. to C.185 B.C.)
Unit-I : Sources
a) Literary Sources : Indigenous and foreign
b) Epigraphy as a source of Political History
c) Numismatics as a source of Political History
Unit-II : Beginnings of Historical Age
a) Second urbanization
b) Mahajanapadas-Monarchical and republican states of sixth
century B.C.
Unit-III : Pre-Mauryan Period
a) Persian invasion and its impact
b) Rise of Magadha from Bimbisara to the Nandas
c) Achievements of Mahapadmananda
d) Macedonian Invasion and its impact
Unit-IV : Mauryan Period
a) Origin of Mauryas, Achievements of Chandragupta Maurya
b) Ashoka : Extent of empire, Dhamma and its propagation
c) Mauryan administration
d) Decline of the Mauryas
Unit-V : Inscriptions Prescribed for Epigraphic study
Inscriptions of Ashoka:
Bhabru Edict
Thirteenth Rock Edict
Seventh Pillar Edict
Girnar Rock Edict
M.A. Ist Semester
Paper-III: Indian Palaeography
Unit-I : a) Inscriptions for Transliteration

i. Rumindei
ii. Reh Inscription
iii. Ayagapatta Inscription of Kausambi
iv. Ayodhya Inscription of Dhanadeva
v. Gandhakuti Lotus Lamp Inscription from Kausambi
b) Translation from Devnagri to Brahmi of the given period
(Maurya - Kushana)
Unit-II : Origin and Antiquity of Writing in India
a) Indus Script – its nature, problem of its decipherment
b) Kharoshthi Script – Origin.
Unit-III : Development of Brahmi through different phases
a) Origin and antiquity of Brahmi Script
b) Features of Mauryan Brahmi
c) Brahmi of Shunga Satvahana Inscriptions
Unit-IV : Development of Brahmi through different phases
a) Brahmi of Saka-Kshatrapa inscriptions
b) Brahmi of the Kushana inscriptions
Unit-V : Gupta and Post Gupta Brahmi
a) Brahmi of the Gupta period
b) Development of Brahmi from Kutila to Nagari script
M.A. Ist Semester
Course Code: ANC-551 (Elective)
(Paper-IV-A): Archaeological Theories (Archaeology Group)
Unit-I : Ethnographical and Archaeological Perspective

a) Archaeology, Ethnography and other allied disciplines–
Definition and relationship with allied disciplines.
b) The goals of Archaeological inquiry ; archaeological context and
evidence
c) Archaeological analysis, description & reconstruction
Unit-II : Basic Unit of Archaeological Inquiry
a) Artifacts : Kinds of artifacts & technology
b) Sites : Kinds of sites-geomorphological and functional
c) Archaeological context : space and time
d) Classification & nomenclature of archaeological cultures and
artifacts
Unit-III : Environmental Studies
a) Time scales : geological, anthropological and archaeological
b) The succession of climatic phases during the Pleistocene and
Holocene
Unit-IV : Pleistocene Stratigraphy & Chronology
Unit-V : Valley Formation
River Valleys, terraces and sections
M.A. Ist Semester
(Paper-IV-B): Elements of Indian Archaeology : Prehistory (Non Archaeology Group)
Unit-I : Methods and Technique

a) Archaeology and Ethnography-definition and relationship
b) Introduction to Archaeological field methods & techniques
Unit-II : Palaeolithic Cultures of India
a) Belan
b) Son
Unit-III : Mesolithic Cultures of India
a) Vindhyas
b) Ganga Valley
Unit-IV : Neolithic Cultures of India
a) Northern India
b) Southern India
Unit-V : Transitional Phases
a) Hunting, Gathering to Food Production
b) Food Production to Urbanization
M.A. III Semester

Political History of Ancient India (From A.D. 319 to 550 A.D.)
Unit-I : Source:
a) Literary : (i) Indigenous (ii) Foreign Accounts
b) Archaeological
i) Inscriptions
ii) Numismatics
iii) Architecture
iv) Other archaeological Material (explored excavated, seals,
sealing, etc.)
Early Guptas
a) Origin and original home of the Guptas
b) Early history of the Guptas (up to Chandragupta-I)
Unit-II : Samundragupta :
a) Accession of Samudragupta
b) Samudragupta’s campaigns of Aryavarta, Dakshinapatha and of
frontier
c) Estimate of Samudragupta
d) Historicity of Ramagupta
Unit-III : Chandragupta-II :
a) Identification of Chandra of Meharauli Pillar Inscription
b) Chandragupta II (Career and Achievements)
c) Relation with Sakas and Vakatakas
d) Kumaragupta-I : Career and Achievements
Unit-IV : History of Late Gupta Period :
a) Skandgupta (Achievements)
b) Cause of the disintegratin of the Gupta Empire
c) Huna’s Invasion and its impact
UNIT-V : Epigraphic notes on the following Inscriptions :
a) Allahabad Pillar Inscription
b) Junagarh Inscription of Skandagupta
c) Mandsor inscription of Kumargupta I
d) Eran Inscription of Bhanugupta
e) Poona Copper Plate of Prabhavatigupta
M.A. III Semester

Paper-I: Theories of History
Unit-I : History and Introduction :

a) Origin
b) Definition
c) Relation with Social-Sciences
Unit-II : Scope :
a) Nature
b) Subject Matter
c) Utility
Unit-III : Historical Methodology :
a) The issue of objectivity in History
b) Is History Science?
Unit-IV : Vedic Historiography :
a) Gatha Narasamsi
b) Akhyan
UNIT-V : Modern Historiography of Ancient India :
a) R.G. Bhandarkar
b) R.C. Majumdar
M.A. Semester-III
Course Code: 603 (Core)
Main Currents of World History
(From 1789 A.D. to 1900 A.D.)
Unit-I : Age of Revolution and progress

French Revolution : (1789 – 1795 AD)
Aims and Nature
Causes and Consequences
Unit-II : Nepoleon Era
Rise of Napoleon, Achievement and Downfall
Unit-III : Rise of Nationalism :
a) Unification of Germany
b) Unification of Italy
Unit-IV : Eastern Question and The Turks
a) Crimean War (1853-56 AD), Russo – Turkish War (1877 - 1878
AD)
b) Making of Modern Turkey – Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
UNIT-V : Far East : 19th Century
a) Meiji Restoration in Japan, Japanese Imperialism
b) China – Opium War
M.A. IIIrd Semester
(Group-A): Pre-History : Palaeolithic Cultures
Unit-I : Introduction
a) Prehistory : Definition, Scope, association with allied
disciplines
b) Palaeolithic tool Technology and Typology
Unit-II : Outlines of Prehistoric Cultures of world
a) Europe – with special reference to St. Acheul
b) Africa – with special reference to Olduvai Gorge
c) Asia-with special reference to Chaukoutien, Petjitinean
d) Upper Palaeolithic art of Lescaux, Altamira
Unit-III : Lower Palaeolithic Culture of India
a) Madrasian
b) North-western Indian subcontinent – Sohan, Rewat
c) Belan Valley
d) Son Valley
e) Excavated primary sites-Hunsagi, Chirki Nevasa, Paisara,
Maihar, Manigara, Didwana.
Unit-IV : Middle Palaeolithic Cultures of India
a) General features of Middle Palaeolithic Culture
b) Belan Valley
c) Son Valley
d) Pravara Valley
Unit-V : Upper Palaeolithic Culture and Art of India
a) General features of the Upper Palaeolithic Culture
b) Belan Valley
c) Son Valley
d) Andhra Pradesh
M.A. IIIrd Semester
(Group-B): Ancient Indian Architecture-I
Unit-I : Introduction :
a) Brief Overview of Legislations (National)on Conservation of Art
Heritage
b) Patronage in Ancient Indian Art
Unit-II : Literary Sources :

a) Non-technical Text –Brihat Samhita
b) Technical Text- Samarangansutradhara, Aparajitaprichha
Unit-III : Early Phase-I:
a) Harappan town planning : Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Dholavira,
Lothal
b) Residential and Public Utility buildings/Centers
Unit-IV : Early Phase-II:
a) Mauryan Town planning with special reference to Arthashastra
b) Ashokan Pillars- Form, technique and symbology
Unit-V : Early Phase-III:
a) Stupa Architecture- Sanchi
b) Stupa Architecture-Amaravati
c) Rock-cut Architecture-Bhaja, Karle
M.A. IIIrd Semester
(Group-C): Social History of India (From Earliest Times to Circa 6th Century A.D.)
Unit-I : Sources :
i) Literary Sources
a) Indigenous – Religious & Secular
b) Foreign Accounts
ii) Archaeological Sources
a) Epigraphic
b) Numismatics
c) Excavation/Exploration reports
Unit-II : Study of Ancient Indian Society:
a) Social Life of Vedic Period
b) Social Life of Mauryan Period and Post Mauryan Period (up to
Kushanas)
c) Social Life of Gupta Period
Unit-III : Historical Study of Social Institutions :
a) Varna and Ashram System-Origin and Evolution
b) Caste System – Origin and nature
c) Purusartha
Unit-IV : Study of Other Social Institutions :
Position of Women
a) Their Proprietary rights
b) Position of Widows
c) Sati Custom
Education Institution:
Taxilla, Kashi and Vallabhi
Unit-V : Study of Labour and Outcastes :
a) Slavery : Types, its use
b) Visti : Origin, Evolution and its Use.
M.A. IIIrd Semester
(Group-A): Indian Proto-History
Unit-I : Introduction
a) Definition of Proto-history and its Scope
b) Emergence and main features of Early Harappan cultures:
i) Mehrgarh,
ii) Kil-i-ghul Mohammad, Rana Ghundai, Nausero, Mundigak,
Rakhigarhi,Kalibangan
Unit-II : Harappan Civilization
a) Characteristic features
b) Origin and extent
c) Decline
d) Legacy of Harappan Civilization : Cemetery H culture;
Harappan-Vedic relations
Unit-III : Important Harappan Sites :
a) Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Lothal,
b) Surkotda, Kalibangan, Dholavira, Rakhigarhi
Unit-IV : Chalcolithic Cultures of Western-Central India and Deccan
a) Kayatha Culture
b) Ahar Culture; Sites Ahar, Gilund Balathal
c) Malwa Culture; Sites : Maheswar, Navdatoli, Nagda, Chandoli
d) Nasik-Jorwe Culture; Sites-Nevasa, Inamgaon, Prakash,
Chandoli
Unit-V : Chalcolithic Cultures of Northern India
a) Middle Ganga Valley, Sites : Chirand, Senuwar, Taradih, Narhan,
Khairadih, Jhusi, Kausambi, Sringverpura
b) Copper Hoards and O.C.P. Culture of Upper Ganga Valley; Sites :
Saipai, Atranjikhera, Jakhera, Hastinapur, Ahichhatra
c) Vindhyan Chalcolithic; Sites : Kakoria, Koldihwa, Tokwa,
Malhar, Raja Nal Ka Tila
M.A. IIIrd Semester
(Group-B): Ancient Indian Art and Aesthetics-I
Unit-I : Sources :
a) Concept of Indian Art
b) Characteristics of Indian Art
Unit-II : Elements of Aesthetics:
a) Bharata
b) Abhinavagupta
Unit-III : Dynastic Art-I
a) Mauryan
b) Shunga
c) Satavahana
Unit-IV : Dynastic Art-II
a) Kushana
b) Gupta
Unit-V : Buddhhist and Jaina Iconography :
a) Buddha and Bodhisattva (Avlokitesvara Maitreya)
b) Adinath and Mahavira
M.A. IIIrd Semester
(Group-C): Economic History of India (From Earliest time to 6th C. A.D.)
Unit-I : Sources:
a) Literary sources
Indigenous–Dharmashastra, Secular, Religious and
Foreign Accounts.
b) Archaeological Sources:
Epigraphic ,Numismatics and Excavation/Exploration Reports
Unit-II : Historical Study of Economy : Economic Life
a) Vedic Period
b) Mauryan Period
c) Post-Mauryan Period & Gupta Period
Unit-III : Study of History of Agriculture :
a) Land Ownership & Land Possession
b) Irrigation System
c) Agricultural Implements and Labour : Slavery and Vishti
Unit-IV : Study of History of Trade and Commerce - International External
Trade and Corporate Activities :
a) Trade routes (water) and Means of Transport
b) Items of Import & Export
c) Trade Relations with other Countries ; Rome, Southeast Asia &
China
Corporate Activities, Currency System
a) Industrial and Traders, Guilds : Definition, Organization and
Functions
b) Carvan Trade with Indigenous and Other Countries
Unit-V : Revenue System, Money Lending & Currency System :
a) Agricultural & Trade Taxes
b) Definition and Types of lending
c) Rate of Interest
d) Monetary Condition: State of Coined Money

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Department of Ancient History, Culture and Archaeology

University of Allahabad, Prayagraj-211 002

Paper-I: Early Cultures and Civilizations of India

Unit-I : Definition of Archaeology and relation with other disciplines;

Paper-I: Outline of Ancient World Civilizations

Unit-I : Earliest Civilizations-I:

Paper-II: History of Ancient India ( C 319 AD to 1200 AD)

Unit-I : Gupta Dynasty:

Paper-I: Indian Culture

Unit-I : Foundation of Indian Culture:

Paper-II: Concepts and Currents in History

Unit-I : Nature and characteristics of history, objectivity,

Paper-III: Ancient Indian Art and Architecture

Unit-I : Characteristic Features of Ancient Indian Art:

M.A. Ist Semester

Course Code: ANC-501 (Core)

Unit-I : Introduction to Ancient Indian Culture

M.A. Ist Semester

Course Code: ANC-502 (Core)

M.A. Ist Semester

Course Code: ANC-503 (Core)

Paper-III: Indian Palaeography

Unit-I : a) Inscriptions for Transliteration

M.A. Ist Semester

Course Code: ANC-551 (Elective)

(Paper-IV-A): Archaeological Theories (Archaeology Group)

Unit-I : Ethnographical and Archaeological Perspective

M.A. Ist Semester

Course Code: ANC-552 (Elective)

(Paper-IV-B): Elements of Indian Archaeology : Prehistory (Non Archaeology Group)

Unit-I : Methods and Technique

M.A. III Semester

M.A. III Semester

Paper-I: Theories of History

Unit-I : History and Introduction :

Main Currents of World History

(From 1789 A.D. to 1900 A.D.)

Unit-I : Age of Revolution and progress

Course Code: ANC-651 (Elective)

(Group-A): Pre-History : Palaeolithic Cultures

M.A. IIIrd Semester

Course Code: ANC-652 (Elective)

(Group-B): Ancient Indian Architecture-I

Unit-II : Literary Sources :

M.A. IIIrd Semester

Course Code: ANC-653 (Elective)

Course Code: ANC-655 (Elective)

(Group-A): Indian Proto-History

M.A. IIIrd Semester

Course Code: ANC-656 (Elective)

(Group-B): Ancient Indian Art and Aesthetics-I

M.A. IIIrd Semester

Course Code: ANC-657 (Elective)

(Group-C): Economic History of India (From Earliest time to 6th C. A.D.)

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