TOLEDO, MEEVIE LOVE D.

NMD 2A

A.) Chemical dipstick examination

Paramater Principle
pH Double-indicator system of methyl red and bromthymol blue

Specific gravity Change in pKa (dissociation constant) of a polyelectrolyte in

an alkaline medium
Protein Protein error of indicators to produce a visible colorimetric
reaction
Glucose Double sequential enzyme reation based on the impregnated
mixture of glucose oxidase, peroxidase, chromogen, and
buffer on the testing area

Source: Strasinger, S.K., et. al (2014). Urinalysis and Body Fluids 6th edition (pp. 73-91). F.A Davis Company.

B.) Microscopic examination

Urine crystal Description

Ammonium biurate Thorny apple appearance

Leucine Spheroids with radial striation

Triple phosphate Coffin lid appearance

Sulfonamides (Acetylsulfadiazine) Like sheaves of wheat

Calcium oxalate dihydrate Envelope shaped crystal

Source: Strasinger, S.K., et. al (2014). Urinalysis and Body Fluids 6th edition (pp.131 and 136) . F.A Davis Company